mneb/science-ie · Datasets at Hugging Face

input stringlengths 426 1.71k	output dict	schema listlengths 0 0
Amodel are proposed for modeling data-centric Web services which are powered by relational databases and interact with users according to logical formulas specifying input constraints, control-flow constraints and state/output/action rules. The Linear Temporal First-Order Logic (LTL-FO) formulas over inputs, states, ou...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "modeling data-centric Web services", "start": 24, "end": 58 }, { "text": "verify Web service specifications", "start": 599, "end": 632 }, { "text": "data-centric Web applications", "s...	[]
In this Letter we revisit the Chesnavich model Hamiltonian [37] in the light of recent developments in TST. For barrierless systems such as ion–molecule reactions, the concepts of OTS and TTS can be clearly formulated in terms of well defined phase space geometrical objects. (For work on the phase space description of ...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "ion–molecule reactions", "start": 140, "end": 162 }, { "text": "Chesnavich model Hamiltonian", "start": 30, "end": 58 }, { "text": "identification", "start": 390, "end": 40...	[]
Experimental studies of the dynamics of individual carbon atoms in graphene have been empowered by the recent progress in aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) capable of sub-Ångstrom resolution. The examples include AC-TEM observations of the formation and annealing of Stone–Wales defects [1],...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "carbon atoms", "start": 51, "end": 63 }, { "text": "graphene", "start": 67, "end": 75 }, { "text": "graphene sheet", "start": 381, "end": 395 }, { "tex...	[]
The need for power generation industry to improve the thermal efficiency of power plant has led to the development of 9–12% Cr martensitic steels. The development of and research on P91 steels started since late 1970s and early 1990s, respectively [1]. The work has focussed on their creep strengths due to its intended ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "power generation", "start": 13, "end": 29 }, { "text": "improve the thermal efficiency of power plant", "start": 42, "end": 87 }, { "text": "development of and research on P91 steels", ...	[]
We deal with the intensity scattered by a random mixture of deuterated/hydrogenated PE chains. The algorithm used by us to evaluate the Kratky plots by sets of parallel polymer stems is very simplified. We checked it to be adequate in the reciprocal coordinate range under investigation [0 < q (= 4πsinθ/λ) ≤ 0. 25Å − 1]...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "PE chains", "start": 84, "end": 93 }, { "text": "Kratky plots", "start": 136, "end": 148 }, { "text": "parallel polymer stems", "start": 160, "end": 182 }, { ...	[]
Within the range of temperatures chosen, alanine dipeptide exhibits very simple behaviour. This result is due to the relatively small number of physically relevant minima (seven were characterised using this force field and solvent model) and the larger potential energy spacing between the global minimum and higher ene...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "range of temperatures chosen", "start": 11, "end": 39 }, { "text": "alanine dipeptide", "start": 41, "end": 58 }, { "text": "larger potential energy spacing", "start": 247, ...	[]
The load of beam pumping unit is changeable, which is often in a state of light load. Reducing a certain voltage can improve the power factor and efficiency of the beam pumping unit when in light load. We can change the voltage by changing the thyristor trigger angle. It is complex and unacceptable to analyze the chang...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "beam pumping unit", "start": 12, "end": 29 }, { "text": "equal parts", "start": 415, "end": 426 }, { "text": "thyristor trigger angle", "start": 244, "end": 267 } ...	[]
According to the shortcomings of long time and big errors about the moving plate recognition system, we present the moving plate recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) color extraction. On the basis of the analysis of moving plate recognition system' s basic principles, it introduces the basi...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "moving plate recognition system", "start": 68, "end": 99 }, { "text": "moving plate recognition algorithm", "start": 116, "end": 150 }, { "text": "principal component analysis", "s...	[]
Seismic tomography is a powerful tool to investigate the deep structure under the volcanoes. With the recently rapid development of Chinese provincial seismic networks (Zheng et al., 2009, 2010) and some portable seismic arrays (Hetland et al., 2004; Duan et al., 2009; Lei et al., 2012b) around the volcanoes, it has be...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "advantages of recently updated seismic tomographic techniques", "start": 659, "end": 720 }, { "text": "synthesize the results from the deep seismic images of the upper mantle", "start": 474, "end": 545 }, ...	[]
After all micro elements reach a relaxed steady-state, measurements are obtained using a cumulative averaging technique to reduce noise. Each micro element is divided into spatially-oriented bins in the y-direction in order to resolve the velocity and shear-stress profiles. Velocity in each bin is measured using the Cu...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "cumulative averaging technique", "start": 89, "end": 119 }, { "text": "Cumulative Averaging Method", "start": 318, "end": 345 }, { "text": "CAM", "start": 347, "end": 350 ...	[]
In this paper, we present a tele-operated mobile robot system for old age surveillance. The robot operates in autonomous mode in which the robots navigates in the environment and search for unusual situation of elderly people. If a patient is lying on the floor, the robot informs the user. The user switches the control...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "tele-operated mobile robot system", "start": 28, "end": 61 }, { "text": "autonomous mode", "start": 110, "end": 125 }, { "text": "navigates in the environment", "start": 146, ...	[]
Based on expectation-maximization algorithm, parameter estimation was proposed for data-driven nonlinear models in this work. On this basis, particle filters were used to approximately calculate integrals, deriving EM algorithm based on particle filter. And the effectiveness of using the proposed algorithm for the soft...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "expectation-maximization algorithm", "start": 9, "end": 43 }, { "text": "data-driven nonlinear models", "start": 83, "end": 111 }, { "text": "EM algorithm", "start": 215, "...	[]
Max-linear programs have been used to describe optimisation problems for multiprocessor interactive systems. In some instances the variables used in this model are required to be integer; however, no method seems to exist for finding integer solutions to max-linear programs. For a generic class of matrices, we show tha...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Max-linear programs", "start": 0, "end": 19 }, { "text": "optimisation problems", "start": 47, "end": 68 }, { "text": "integer solutions", "start": 234, "end": 251 },...	[]
Another remarkable feature of the quantum field treatment can be revealed from the investigation of the vacuum state. For a classical field, vacuum is realized by simply setting the potential to zero resulting in an unaltered, free evolution of the particle' s plane wave (\| ψI 〉 = \| ψIII 〉 = \| k0 〉). In the quantized t...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "quantum field treatment", "start": 34, "end": 57 }, { "text": "quantized treatment", "start": 309, "end": 328 } ], "material": [ { "text": "superconducting resonant circuit", ...	[]
Anodizing processes are widely used for protecting aluminium alloys against corrosion [1]. The resultant films are composed of amorphous alumina and consist of a relatively thick, porous, outer region and a thinner, non-porous, inner region [2, 3]. The porous region contains the major pores of the film, which extend fr...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Anodizing processes", "start": 0, "end": 19 }, { "text": "extend from the film surface", "start": 311, "end": 339 }, { "text": "growth stopped in the early stages of anodizing", "s...	[]
Two methods of formulating anionic nanocomplexes were evaluated. In both, nanocomplexes were prepared in water at a range of molar charge ratios of L to D while the peptide P to D molar charge ratio was maintained constant at 3: 1. Method 1 (L: D: P): DNA was first added to an anionic liposome (LA, LAP1 or LAP2) and in...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "formulating anionic nanocomplexes", "start": 15, "end": 48 } ], "material": [ { "text": "nanocomplexes", "start": 35, "end": 48 }, { "text": "an anionic liposome", "start": 27...	[]
We propose a method for the lattice QCD computation of nucleon–nucleon low-energy interactions. It consists in simulating QCD in the background of a “electromagnetic” field whose potential is non-vanishing, but whose field strength is zero. By tuning the background field, phase-shifts at any (but small) momenta can be ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "lattice QCD computation of nucleon–nucleon low-energy interactions", "start": 28, "end": 94 }, { "text": "phase-shifts at any (but small) momenta", "start": 273, "end": 312 }, { "text": "calc...	[]
Design semantics is an integration of human mode of existence and view on culture and art, which means it is a unity of art and science. Design semantics is the annotation of form and the reflection of its symbolic meaning, which means it is an explanation of the deposited human cultural spirit. Chinese art stresses Ex...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 0, "end": 16 }, { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 137, "end": 153 }, { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 555, "end": 571 }, { ...	[]
HOMO–LUMO energy band gaps between ylides and their pyrene adducts propose that the 1, 3-DC of second pyridinium ylides to ylidepyrene adducts are HOMOylide–LUMOylide–pyrene controlled since the energy band gap is smaller than HOMOylide–pyrene–LUMOylide. Regioselectivity of second cycloaddition was predicted using the ...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "ylides", "start": 35, "end": 41 }, { "text": "pyrene adducts", "start": 52, "end": 66 }, { "text": "1, 3-DC", "start": 84, "end": 91 }, { "text": "seco...	[]
This section is devoted to the discretization of the advection–diffusion equation and to the analysis of dispersion and diffusion eigencurves for different polynomial orders. The spectral/hp continuous Galerkin method considered closely resembles the formulation presented in [7]. Sec. 2. 1 describes in detail the deriv...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "discretization of the advection–diffusion equation", "start": 31, "end": 81 }, { "text": "dispersion and diffusion eigencurves", "start": 105, "end": 141 } ], "process": [ { "text": "...	[]
A popular choice is to couple a set of quadrature points with an equal number of nodal Lagrange polynomials defined at the same points, leading to a collocation method. There are many examples of this throughout the literature, both in terms of the more traditionally utilised continuous Galerkin (CG) and discontinuous ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "collocation formulation, especially given the presence of a diagonal mass matrix", "start": 728, "end": 808 } ], "process": [ { "text": "couple a set of quadrature points with an equal number of nodal Lagrange polynomia...	[]
The research work in this paper elaborates on the theoretical effectiveness of the proposed method based on the multivariate EMD. It also clearly indicates through numerical simulations and applications to bearing monitoring that the expansion from standard EMD to multivariate EMD is a successful exploration. Using mul...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "multivariate EMD", "start": 112, "end": 128 }, { "text": "numerical simulations", "start": 164, "end": 185 }, { "text": "bearing monitoring", "start": 206, "end": 224 ...	[]
Solid pieces of 23–114 mg were further used to measure the enthalpy increments using a Setaram Multi-detector High Temperature Calorimeter (MDHTC-96) using a drop detector. For more details about the technique we refer to our previous studies [9, 10]. The measurements were carried out under an argon atmosphere (with an...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "enthalpy increments", "start": 59, "end": 78 }, { "text": "Solid pieces", "start": 0, "end": 12 }, { "text": "2–4 drops of Bi2UO6 samples", "start": 557, "end": 584 ...	[]
The Hamiltonian approach and the variational approach are utilized to treat the relativistic harmonic oscillator for the amplitude-frequency relationship. The nice reliability is shown by the result comparison with that from open literature. The simplicity and efficiency of the methods are also disclosed for different ...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Hamiltonian approach", "start": 4, "end": 24 }, { "text": "variational approach", "start": 33, "end": 53 }, { "text": "amplitude-frequency relationship", "start": 121, "end...	[]
A process-driven model is presented to build an instinctive and efficient higher educational administrative management system to overcome problems most universities facing. With this model, processes are identified explicitly and the routine of educational administration is broken into small tasks. Each task has design...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "process-driven model", "start": 2, "end": 22 }, { "text": "administrative management system", "start": 93, "end": 125 }, { "text": "overcome problems", "start": 129, "end":...	[]
The charmonium production has long been considered as a good process for investigating both perturbative and nonperturbative properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), because of the relatively large difference between the scale at which the charm–quark pair is produced at the parton level and the scale at which it ev...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "charmonium production", "start": 4, "end": 25 }, { "text": "nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics", "start": 693, "end": 731 }, { "text": "NRQCD", "start": 733, "end": 738...	[]
The oxide thickness is calculated using the weight gain and surface area. Artificially changing the surface profile will modify the surface area and calculated oxide thickness. SEM images of samples removed after 111 days oxidation were used to define the change in surface profile length with variation in applied rough...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "oxide", "start": 4, "end": 9 }, { "text": "oxidation", "start": 222, "end": 231 }, { "text": "oxidation", "start": 514, "end": 523 } ], "material": [ { ...	[]
In this paper, we present algorithms for automatic generation of logic reasoning questions. The algorithms are able to construct questions that are solvable with unique solutions. The algorithms employ AI techniques such as semantic networks to produce verbal questions. These algorithms are small in size and are able t...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "generation of logic reasoning questions", "start": 51, "end": 90 }, { "text": "construct questions that are solvable with unique solutions", "start": 119, "end": 178 }, { "text": "AI techn...	[]
FR schemes are similar to nodal DG schemes, which are arguably the most popular type of unstructured high-order method (at least in the field of computational aerodynamics). Like nodal DG schemes, FR schemes utilise a high-order (nodal) polynomial basis to approximate the solution within each element of the computation...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "FR schemes", "start": 0, "end": 10 }, { "text": "nodal DG schemes", "start": 26, "end": 42 }, { "text": "unstructured high-order method", "start": 88, "end": 118 }, ...	[]
Isogeometric analysis. The central idea of isogeometric analysis is to use the same ansatz functions for the discretization of the partial differential equation at hand, as are used for the representation of the problem geometry. Usually, the problem geometry Ω is represented in computer aided design (CAD) by means of ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Isogeometric analysis", "start": 0, "end": 21 }, { "text": "isogeometric analysis", "start": 43, "end": 64 }, { "text": "problem geometry", "start": 212, "end": 228 }, ...	[]
In this paper we construct such a physical model with a continuous distribution of relaxations. It is based on the phenomenological theory of relaxation processes which have a long history in physics literature and was recently summarized in a monograph in which references to other relevant publications can be found, [...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "physical model", "start": 34, "end": 48 }, { "text": "relaxation mechanisms", "start": 372, "end": 393 }, { "text": "shear viscosity", "start": 839, "end": 854 }, ...	[]
An innovative sound wall system was developed in the University of Western Ontario, and was examined to serve as a vertical extension to the existing sound walls. The wall system (denoted as flexi-wall) consists of stay-in-place poly-blocks as formwork, light polyurethane foam (LPF) reinforced with steel rebars as stru...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "sound wall system", "start": 14, "end": 31 }, { "text": "existing sound walls", "start": 141, "end": 161 }, { "text": "wall system", "start": 20, "end": 31 }, ...	[]
Though, in this Letter we have constructed the Born–Infeld black holes in the presence of a cosmological constant and discussed their thermodynamical properties, many issues however still remain to be investigated. We know that Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes undergo Hawking–Page phase transition. This transition ge...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes", "start": 228, "end": 262 }, { "text": "brane", "start": 480, "end": 485 }, { "text": "charged holes", "start": 891, "end": 904 }...	[]
An algorithm of multi-axis NC tool-path generation for subdivision surfaces is proposed. The algorithm includes two steps: model building and tool path generation. In the section of model building, in order to obtain the deformed surface, the deformation vector is computed which is associated with the curvature and the...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "algorithm of multi-axis NC tool-path generation", "start": 3, "end": 50 }, { "text": "algorithm", "start": 3, "end": 12 }, { "text": "model building", "start": 123, "end": ...	[]
The systems in which the Stern–Gerlach force is most prominent are those with a high electromagnetic field gradient. Section 2 considers the implications of the coupling between the spin of a classical electron and the rapidly varying electromagnetic field produced by a laser-driven plasma wave. Sufficiently short, hig...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "laser-driven plasma wave", "start": 271, "end": 295 }, { "text": "high-intensity laser pulses", "start": 317, "end": 344 }, { "text": "Stern–Gerlach force", "start": 25, "e...	[]
The exquisite manipulation and exact measurement of properties of individual nanomaterials, compared with notable progress in their preparation, have not been thoroughly addressed albeit being of prime importance for the sustained development of new devices [58–61]. To date, several instruments have been designed for s...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "nanomaterials", "start": 77, "end": 90 }, { "text": "scanning electron microscopes", "start": 339, "end": 368 }, { "text": "SEM", "start": 370, "end": 373 }, {...	[]
An application of ROMP derived random copolymers is the covalent incorporation of optical sensor moieties into a polymer matrix. ROM polymers have been tested as matrix materials for the oxygen sensing phosphorescent complex platinum tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin. A correlation between the nature of the ROM po...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "ROMP derived random copolymers", "start": 18, "end": 48 }, { "text": "optical sensor moieties", "start": 82, "end": 105 }, { "text": "polymer matrix", "start": 113, "end":...	[]
Modeling collaboration processes is a challenging task. Existing modeling approaches are not capable of expressing the unpredictable, non-routine nature of human collaboration, which is influenced by the social context of involved collaborators. We propose a modeling approach which considers collaboration processes as ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Modeling collaboration processes", "start": 0, "end": 32 }, { "text": "discovery of socially coherent teams", "start": 633, "end": 669 } ], "process": [ { "text": "modeling approaches...	[]
The reason to investigate the BFKL and DGLAP equations in the case of supersymmetric theories is based on a common belief, that the high symmetry may significantly simplify the structure of these equations. Indeed, it was found in the leading logarithmic approximation (LLA) [10], that the so-called quasi-partonic opera...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "investigate the BFKL and DGLAP equations in the case of supersymmetric theories", "start": 14, "end": 93 }, { "text": "high symmetry may significantly simplify the structure of these equations", "start": 132, "e...	[]
With the development of sport normal students in china, Some ideas to teaching and learning that view learning as a simple process of knowledge have become outdated and ineffective, therefore, In order to improving the quality of teaching and learning on sport normal students in china, this author discussed some factor...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "knowledge", "start": 134, "end": 143 }, { "text": "teaching", "start": 70, "end": 78 }, { "text": "learning", "start": 83, "end": 91 }, { "text": "imple...	[]
The validity of semi-classical boundary conditions for the WTE as introduced in [8] is a topic under vivid debate, especially after recent works which address the non-uniqueness and the symmetry properties of the Wigner function [27, 28, 46]. The numerical test cases presented therein are for symmetric potentials for w...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "validity of semi-classical boundary conditions", "start": 4, "end": 50 }, { "text": "convergence of the WTE calculations", "start": 513, "end": 548 }, { "text": "present simulations only for ...	[]
In this paper, a novel position estimation method of prism was proposed for single-lens stereovision system. The prism with multi faces was considered as a single optical system composed of some refractive planes. A transformation matrix which can express the relationship between an object point and its image by the re...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "position estimation method", "start": 23, "end": 49 }, { "text": "express the relationship", "start": 248, "end": 272 } ], "material": [ { "text": "prism", "start": 53, ...	[]
We have developed a systematic, quantified understanding of a specific problem: the design of mobile-friendly unique identifiers. But our results also apply to the design of other text-based services. There has been a trend toward bespoke and adaptive keyboards (e. g., Dunlop and Levine, 2012; Karrenbauer and Oulasvirt...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "design of mobile-friendly unique identifiers", "start": 84, "end": 128 }, { "text": "design of other text-based services", "start": 164, "end": 199 }, { "text": "design of a service", ...	[]
Nuclear theory devoted major efforts since 4 decades to describe thermalization in nuclear reactions, predominantly using semi-classical methods [13, 14, 10], in line with similar problems in quantum liquids [15, 16]. There were attempts to develop improved molecular dynamics methods combining quantum features with a s...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Nuclear theory", "start": 0, "end": 14 }, { "text": "thermalization", "start": 65, "end": 79 }, { "text": "combining quantum features", "start": 285, "end": 311 }, ...	[]
Topological insulators (TIs) are promising candidates of spintronics materials because of their robust helical surface states and the extremely strong spin–orbit interaction [1–3]. Initially, binary chalcogenides Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 have been identified as three-dimensional TIs by surface sensitive probes such as...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Topological insulators", "start": 0, "end": 22 }, { "text": "TIs", "start": 24, "end": 27 }, { "text": "spin–orbit interaction", "start": 151, "end": 173 }, { ...	[]
Certainly therefore the see-saw mechanism is an attractive explanation of why the light neutrino masses are so small. However, it is not without its faults. In particular, there is a tension between the strongly hierarchical nature of the observed Yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors, and the essent...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "light neutrino masses", "start": 82, "end": 103 }, { "text": "Yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors", "start": 248, "end": 304 }, { "text": "hierarchy-free masses implied b...	[]
The fluence of each capsule was determined by using activation monitor sets. These monitor sets consist of different metal wire pieces that have an activation reaction at a specific energy range. The different activation energies are chosen in such a way that the spectrum can be reconstructed. In BODEX, each capsule co...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "fluence of each capsule", "start": 4, "end": 27 }, { "text": "determining the activation of each wire piece", "start": 730, "end": 775 } ], "material": [ { "text": "activation monitor...	[]
In the case of PSR applied to vessels, preservation of high curvature and branches (concavities) demands a high value of the d parameter, resulting in models with high number of polygons. To cope with this problem, Wu et al. (2013) evaluates a variant of PSR (in that work referred to as scale-adaptive [SA]), which incl...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "MC", "start": 509, "end": 511 }, { "text": "PSR", "start": 15, "end": 18 }, { "text": "scale-adaptive", "start": 288, "end": 302 }, { "text": "SA", ...	[]
The vapour phase consists of a number of different gases with silicon exhibiting a far higher partial pressure than all carbon containing species over the full temperature range. As an immediate result the vapour contains a higher amount of silicon leaving the solid phase with excess carbon. This carbon is likely to pr...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "vapour pressure of carbon", "start": 776, "end": 801 } ], "material": [ { "text": "vapour phase", "start": 4, "end": 16 }, { "text": "number of different gases", "start": 31, ...	[]
This conclusion is a consequence of the high jet speeds and small nozzle diameters in combination with the relatively high viscosity solvent and modest molecular weights of the polystyrene, which results in high Weissenberg numbers and moderate values of the extensibility, L studied here. As discussed in earlier papers...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "jetting fluid combinations", "start": 335, "end": 361 }, { "text": "inkjet fluid assessment methods", "start": 540, "end": 571 }, { "text": "jetting", "start": 335, "end": ...	[]
A scenario is proposed for bi-large lepton mixing in the framework of nearly threefold degenerate Majorana neutrinos. In our proposal, we impose Z3 symmetry in the neutrino sector at a high energy scale to account for the threefold degenerate neutrinos and the maximal mixing between νμ and ντ. In order to obtain the at...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "bi-large lepton mixing", "start": 27, "end": 49 }, { "text": "atmospheric neutrino mass splitting while keeping the maximal mixing between νμ and ντ", "start": 318, "end": 404 }, { "text": "l...	[]
In these frameworks, however, the physical spacetime dimension is an input rather than a prediction of the theory. In fact, in standard theories whose gravitational sector is described by the Einstein–Hilbert action, there is no obstruction to perform dimensional reductions to spacetimes of dimensions d ≠ 4. Then the q...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "physical spacetime dimension", "start": 34, "end": 62 }, { "text": "low energy regime", "start": 697, "end": 714 } ], "process": [ { "text": "prediction of the theory", "start...	[]
Assuming a constant cell electrical conversion efficiency of 15%, a constant fraction of the incident solar radiation would be dissipated by the solar cell for each solar radiation intensity level. From Table 2, it can be seen that for the worst scenario when the ambient temperature was 50 ° C with natural convection o...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "solar radiation", "start": 102, "end": 117 }, { "text": "natural convection", "start": 300, "end": 318 }, { "text": "apparent insolation level", "start": 545, "end": 570 ...	[]
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been widely used in science and engineering problems. They attempt to model the ability of biological nervous systems to recognize patterns and objects. ANN basic architecture consists of networks of primitive functions capable of receiving multiple weighted inputs that are evaluat...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Artificial Neural Networks", "start": 0, "end": 26 }, { "text": "science and engineering problems", "start": 58, "end": 90 }, { "text": "ANN basic architecture", "start": 191, ...	[]
The goal of the glued trees (GT) algorithm for quantum search is the following: beginning from the left-most vertex of a given GT graph, traverse the graph and reach the right-most vertex, referred to as the target vertex. Childs et al. [1] use this algorithm to show quantum walk search to be fundamentally more effecti...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "glued trees", "start": 16, "end": 27 }, { "text": "GT", "start": 29, "end": 31 }, { "text": "gluing stage", "start": 1057, "end": 1069 }, { "text": "inc...	[]
Recent publications [31] employ a variety of methods for calculating upper limits and there is no universally accepted procedure [27, 32, 33]. We choose an approach similar to that first advocated by Feldman and Cousins [27]. This method has been since extended by Conrad et al. [34] to incorporate uncertainties in dete...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "calculating upper limits", "start": 57, "end": 81 }, { "text": "calculate an upper limit", "start": 750, "end": 774 }, { "text": "detector sensitivity", "start": 316, "end": 3...	[]
MINERAL (MINeral ERror AnaLysis) is a new MATLAB ® based program that provides mineral formula recalculations combined with the associated propagation of the analytical uncertainties. Methods are based on the work of Giamarita and Day (1990). However, additional features have been added to provide users with greater fl...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "MINERAL (MINeral ERror AnaLysis)", "start": 0, "end": 32 }, { "text": "a new MATLAB ® based program", "start": 36, "end": 64 }, { "text": "Methods", "start": 184, "end": 191 ...	[]
Contractor selection for a project is an important decision, one for the project time and cost, next for the quality obtained by the project. Although the project managers can easily determine the project time and cost, the quality is usually undefined especially for un-experienced managers. With a learnable property, ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Contractor selection", "start": 0, "end": 20 }, { "text": "determine the project time and cost", "start": 183, "end": 218 }, { "text": "quantify the quality obtained for a gas well drilling p...	[]
Social network gaming, which refers to playing games that are connected to social networking services (SNS) directly, or through mobile applications (apps), is a popular online activity. Social network games (SNG) are generally free-to-play and do not award monetary prizes, but users can make in-game purchases to advan...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "SNG market", "start": 688, "end": 698 }, { "text": "social networking services", "start": 75, "end": 101 }, { "text": "SNS", "start": 103, "end": 106 }, { ...	[]
It is interesting to quantify the effects of the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction rate on the bulk-mean concentration of B in water. The data could present important information on evaluating the environmental impacts of the degradation product of B, as well as acidification of water by the chemical reaction. H...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "bulk-mean concentration", "start": 102, "end": 125 }, { "text": "chemical reaction", "start": 72, "end": 89 }, { "text": "degradation", "start": 233, "end": 244 }, ...	[]
The paper deals with the computation of distribution network components reliability parameters. Knowledge of the component reliability parameters in power networks is necessary for the reliability computation and also for reliability-centered maintenance system. Component reliability parameters are possible to retrieve...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "computation of distribution network components reliability parameters", "start": 25, "end": 94 }, { "text": "introduce some results of databases calculations", "start": 585, "end": 633 } ], "proces...	[]
In the brane system appearing in string/D-brane theory, the stableness is the most important requirement. We find some stable brane configurations in the SUSY bulk-boundary theory. We systematically solve the singular field equation using a general mathematical result about the free-wave solution in S1/Z2-space. The tw...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "string/D-brane theory", "start": 33, "end": 54 }, { "text": "SUSY bulk-boundary theory", "start": 154, "end": 179 }, { "text": "general mathematical result about the free-wave solution", ...	[]
One surface was then polished and cleaned using a protocol designed to eliminate as much preparation-related contamination as possible. This is as follows: The lead surface was polished by hand using a damp abrasive disc (BuehlerMet II ®) to remove visible surface defects and to expose a fresh metal surface. Coupons we...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "damp abrasive disc", "start": 202, "end": 220 }, { "text": "surface", "start": 4, "end": 11 }, { "text": "metal surface", "start": 295, "end": 308 }, { ...	[]
The key point of robot dynamics is optimal design and control. The efficiency of robot dynamics has been the goal of researchers in recent years. Screws are used to describe dynamic problems in this paper, and an O (N) recursive robot forward dynamic algorithm is given on this. It can be easily extended to tree topolog...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "robot dynamics", "start": 17, "end": 31 }, { "text": "efficiency of robot dynamics", "start": 67, "end": 95 }, { "text": "describe dynamic problems", "start": 165, "end": 190 ...	[]
Recently, a network virtualization technology has attracted considerable attention as one of new generation network technologies. In this paper, in order to permit the rapid changing for a topology of a virtual network, we propose a new virtual network construction method based on the shortest path betweenness. In our ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "network virtualization technology", "start": 12, "end": 45 }, { "text": "new generation network technologies", "start": 93, "end": 128 }, { "text": "rapid changing for a topology of a virtual...	[]
Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting (FETI) methods are a powerful approach to designing solvers for large-scale problems in computational mechanics. The numerical simulation problem is subdivided into a number of independent sub-problems, which are then coupled in appropriate ways. NURBS-(Non-Uniform Rational B-...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting", "start": 0, "end": 42 }, { "text": "isogeometric analysis", "start": 334, "end": 355 }, { "text": "NURBS-based IGA", "start": 576, ...	[]
Evolutionary Algorithms are the stochastic optimization methods, simulating the behavior of natural evolution. These algorithms are basically population based search procedures efficiently dealing with complex search spaces having robust and powerful search mechanism. EAs are highly applicable in multiobjective optimiz...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Evolutionary Algorithms", "start": 0, "end": 23 }, { "text": "stochastic optimization methods", "start": 32, "end": 63 }, { "text": "natural evolution", "start": 92, "end":...	[]
States outside the constituent quark model have been hypothesized to exist almost since the introduction of color [1–4]. Hybrid mesons, qq ̄ states with an admixture of gluons, and glueballs, states with no quark content, rely on the self interaction property of gluons due to their color charge. Looking for glueballs w...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Looking for glueballs", "start": 297, "end": 318 }, { "text": "color charge", "start": 283, "end": 295 }, { "text": "constituent quark model", "start": 19, "end": 42 ...	[]
The number of hidden nodes is a critical factor for the generalization of ELM. Generally, it is heavy for time consumption to obtain the optimal number of hidden nodes with trial-and-error. A novel algorithm is proposed to optimize the hidden node number to guarantee good generalization, which employs the PSO in the op...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "hidden nodes", "start": 14, "end": 26 }, { "text": "hidden nodes", "start": 155, "end": 167 }, { "text": "hidden node", "start": 14, "end": 25 }, { "te...	[]
Powder metallurgy is a versatile technology for the manufacturing of components to (near) net-shape with high product quality. For a hardmetal (such as WC-Co) cold compaction of the powder to a “green body” is followed by liquid-phase sintering from the subsequent heating. This means that the binder metal Co is heated ...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "model and quantitatively simulate the sintering process", "start": 645, "end": 700 }, { "text": "estimate the final resulting quality", "start": 743, "end": 779 }, { "text": "to predict the f...	[]
A limitation of the pharmacyte approach is the one-time nature of the intervention: ACT T-cells can only be loaded once with a cargo of adjuvant drug prior to transfer, and the duration of stimulation is inherently limited by expansion of the cell population in vivo, since cell-bound particles are diluted with each cel...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "pharmacyte approach", "start": 20, "end": 39 }, { "text": "stimulation", "start": 189, "end": 200 }, { "text": "expansion of the cell population in vivo", "start": 226, "en...	[]
MicroCT has been applied to AM parts in various forms. Some preliminary results demonstrating the visualization of defects including porosity in AM components were reported in [6]. In another study, the porosity structures in parts built with improper settings were investigated [7]. In this work, the average porosity r...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "MicroCT", "start": 0, "end": 7 }, { "text": "porosity in AM components", "start": 133, "end": 158 }, { "text": "average porosity", "start": 302, "end": 318 }, {...	[]
In this paper we consider problems of creating and introducing intelligent management systems as one of the most important mechanism of increasing energy efficiency in industry. Operating principles of intelligent electric power distribution systems developed in MSTU « STANKIN » for AC and DC grids on industrial plants...	{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "intelligent management systems", "start": 63, "end": 93 }, { "text": "devices composing the systems", "start": 346, "end": 375 }, { "text": "intelligent electric power distribution systems...	[]
Tack is an important property of a PSA as it quantifies its ability to form instantly a bond when brought into contact with a surface. The final adhesion and cohesive strength of the bond are influenced by numerous factors including the surface energies of the adhesive and substrate, dwell time, contact pressure, mecha...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "‘clean’ separation", "start": 552, "end": 570 } ], "process": [ { "text": "rolling ball", "start": 716, "end": 728 }, { "text": "loop tack", "start": 730, "end": 739 ...	[]
Methods for anomaly detection in a local context are the conceptual opposite to the afore-described centralized methods, which rely on globally shared models. In data mining, the notion of locality is often given as distance between data values (given a specific distance metric such as Euclidean distance). A data point...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "anomaly detection", "start": 12, "end": 29 }, { "text": "data mining", "start": 162, "end": 173 }, { "text": "notion of locality", "start": 179, "end": 197 }, { ...	[]
Including the O (αs) corrections, all the operators listed in (9) and (10) have to be included. A convenient framework to carry out these calculations is the QCD factorization framework [14] which allows to express the hadronic matrix elements in the schematic form: (11) 〈 Vγ \| Oi \| B 〉 = FB → VTiI + ∫ dk + 2π ∫ 01duφB...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "operators listed in (9) and (10) have to be included", "start": 42, "end": 94 }, { "text": "isospin violation in the B → K ∗ γ decays", "start": 1193, "end": 1234 }, { "text": "hard-spectator...	[]
Analyzing the significance of macroscopical dynamic monitoring of new add construction land, considering the influence of various factors, this paper selected Yinchuan Plain for a typical experimental zone, built knowledge base of remote sensing images interpretation, used multi-temporal remote sensing images, carried ...	{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "Yinchuan Plain", "start": 159, "end": 173 }, { "text": "multi-temporal remote sensing images", "start": 274, "end": 310 }, { "text": "construction land", "start": 74, "end...	[]
In this work, light propagation in a scattering medium with piece-wise constant refractive index using the radiative transport equation was studied. Light propagation in each sub-domain with a constant refractive index was modeled using the RTE and the equations were coupled using boundary conditions describing Fresnel...	{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "light propagation in a scattering medium with piece-wise constant refractive index", "start": 14, "end": 96 } ], "process": [ { "text": "radiative transport equation", "start": 107, "end": 135 }, ...	[]

Amodel are proposed for modeling data-centric Web services which are powered by relational databases and interact with users according to logical formulas specifying input constraints, control-flow constraints and state/output/action rules. The Linear Temporal First-Order Logic (LTL-FO) formulas over inputs, states, ou...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "modeling data-centric Web services", "start": 24, "end": 58 }, { "text": "verify Web service specifications", "start": 599, "end": 632 }, { "text": "data-centric Web applications", "s...

[]

In this Letter we revisit the Chesnavich model Hamiltonian [37] in the light of recent developments in TST. For barrierless systems such as ion–molecule reactions, the concepts of OTS and TTS can be clearly formulated in terms of well defined phase space geometrical objects. (For work on the phase space description of ...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "ion–molecule reactions", "start": 140, "end": 162 }, { "text": "Chesnavich model Hamiltonian", "start": 30, "end": 58 }, { "text": "identification", "start": 390, "end": 40...

[]

Experimental studies of the dynamics of individual carbon atoms in graphene have been empowered by the recent progress in aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) capable of sub-Ångstrom resolution. The examples include AC-TEM observations of the formation and annealing of Stone–Wales defects [1],...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "carbon atoms", "start": 51, "end": 63 }, { "text": "graphene", "start": 67, "end": 75 }, { "text": "graphene sheet", "start": 381, "end": 395 }, { "tex...

[]

The need for power generation industry to improve the thermal efficiency of power plant has led to the development of 9–12% Cr martensitic steels. The development of and research on P91 steels started since late 1970s and early 1990s, respectively [1]. The work has focussed on their creep strengths due to its intended ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "power generation", "start": 13, "end": 29 }, { "text": "improve the thermal efficiency of power plant", "start": 42, "end": 87 }, { "text": "development of and research on P91 steels", ...

[]

We deal with the intensity scattered by a random mixture of deuterated/hydrogenated PE chains. The algorithm used by us to evaluate the Kratky plots by sets of parallel polymer stems is very simplified. We checked it to be adequate in the reciprocal coordinate range under investigation [0 < q (= 4πsinθ/λ) ≤ 0. 25Å − 1]...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "PE chains", "start": 84, "end": 93 }, { "text": "Kratky plots", "start": 136, "end": 148 }, { "text": "parallel polymer stems", "start": 160, "end": 182 }, { ...

[]

Within the range of temperatures chosen, alanine dipeptide exhibits very simple behaviour. This result is due to the relatively small number of physically relevant minima (seven were characterised using this force field and solvent model) and the larger potential energy spacing between the global minimum and higher ene...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "range of temperatures chosen", "start": 11, "end": 39 }, { "text": "alanine dipeptide", "start": 41, "end": 58 }, { "text": "larger potential energy spacing", "start": 247, ...

[]

The load of beam pumping unit is changeable, which is often in a state of light load. Reducing a certain voltage can improve the power factor and efficiency of the beam pumping unit when in light load. We can change the voltage by changing the thyristor trigger angle. It is complex and unacceptable to analyze the chang...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "beam pumping unit", "start": 12, "end": 29 }, { "text": "equal parts", "start": 415, "end": 426 }, { "text": "thyristor trigger angle", "start": 244, "end": 267 } ...

[]

According to the shortcomings of long time and big errors about the moving plate recognition system, we present the moving plate recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) color extraction. On the basis of the analysis of moving plate recognition system' s basic principles, it introduces the basi...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "moving plate recognition system", "start": 68, "end": 99 }, { "text": "moving plate recognition algorithm", "start": 116, "end": 150 }, { "text": "principal component analysis", "s...

[]

Seismic tomography is a powerful tool to investigate the deep structure under the volcanoes. With the recently rapid development of Chinese provincial seismic networks (Zheng et al., 2009, 2010) and some portable seismic arrays (Hetland et al., 2004; Duan et al., 2009; Lei et al., 2012b) around the volcanoes, it has be...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "advantages of recently updated seismic tomographic techniques", "start": 659, "end": 720 }, { "text": "synthesize the results from the deep seismic images of the upper mantle", "start": 474, "end": 545 }, ...

[]

After all micro elements reach a relaxed steady-state, measurements are obtained using a cumulative averaging technique to reduce noise. Each micro element is divided into spatially-oriented bins in the y-direction in order to resolve the velocity and shear-stress profiles. Velocity in each bin is measured using the Cu...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "cumulative averaging technique", "start": 89, "end": 119 }, { "text": "Cumulative Averaging Method", "start": 318, "end": 345 }, { "text": "CAM", "start": 347, "end": 350 ...

[]

In this paper, we present a tele-operated mobile robot system for old age surveillance. The robot operates in autonomous mode in which the robots navigates in the environment and search for unusual situation of elderly people. If a patient is lying on the floor, the robot informs the user. The user switches the control...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "tele-operated mobile robot system", "start": 28, "end": 61 }, { "text": "autonomous mode", "start": 110, "end": 125 }, { "text": "navigates in the environment", "start": 146, ...

[]

Based on expectation-maximization algorithm, parameter estimation was proposed for data-driven nonlinear models in this work. On this basis, particle filters were used to approximately calculate integrals, deriving EM algorithm based on particle filter. And the effectiveness of using the proposed algorithm for the soft...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "expectation-maximization algorithm", "start": 9, "end": 43 }, { "text": "data-driven nonlinear models", "start": 83, "end": 111 }, { "text": "EM algorithm", "start": 215, "...

[]

Max-linear programs have been used to describe optimisation problems for multiprocessor interactive systems. In some instances the variables used in this model are required to be integer; however, no method seems to exist for finding integer solutions to max-linear programs. For a generic class of matrices, we show tha...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Max-linear programs", "start": 0, "end": 19 }, { "text": "optimisation problems", "start": 47, "end": 68 }, { "text": "integer solutions", "start": 234, "end": 251 },...

[]

Another remarkable feature of the quantum field treatment can be revealed from the investigation of the vacuum state. For a classical field, vacuum is realized by simply setting the potential to zero resulting in an unaltered, free evolution of the particle' s plane wave (| ψI 〉 = | ψIII 〉 = | k0 〉). In the quantized t...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "quantum field treatment", "start": 34, "end": 57 }, { "text": "quantized treatment", "start": 309, "end": 328 } ], "material": [ { "text": "superconducting resonant circuit", ...

[]

Anodizing processes are widely used for protecting aluminium alloys against corrosion [1]. The resultant films are composed of amorphous alumina and consist of a relatively thick, porous, outer region and a thinner, non-porous, inner region [2, 3]. The porous region contains the major pores of the film, which extend fr...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Anodizing processes", "start": 0, "end": 19 }, { "text": "extend from the film surface", "start": 311, "end": 339 }, { "text": "growth stopped in the early stages of anodizing", "s...

[]

Two methods of formulating anionic nanocomplexes were evaluated. In both, nanocomplexes were prepared in water at a range of molar charge ratios of L to D while the peptide P to D molar charge ratio was maintained constant at 3: 1. Method 1 (L: D: P): DNA was first added to an anionic liposome (LA, LAP1 or LAP2) and in...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "formulating anionic nanocomplexes", "start": 15, "end": 48 } ], "material": [ { "text": "nanocomplexes", "start": 35, "end": 48 }, { "text": "an anionic liposome", "start": 27...

[]

We propose a method for the lattice QCD computation of nucleon–nucleon low-energy interactions. It consists in simulating QCD in the background of a “electromagnetic” field whose potential is non-vanishing, but whose field strength is zero. By tuning the background field, phase-shifts at any (but small) momenta can be ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "lattice QCD computation of nucleon–nucleon low-energy interactions", "start": 28, "end": 94 }, { "text": "phase-shifts at any (but small) momenta", "start": 273, "end": 312 }, { "text": "calc...

[]

Design semantics is an integration of human mode of existence and view on culture and art, which means it is a unity of art and science. Design semantics is the annotation of form and the reflection of its symbolic meaning, which means it is an explanation of the deposited human cultural spirit. Chinese art stresses Ex...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 0, "end": 16 }, { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 137, "end": 153 }, { "text": "Design semantics", "start": 555, "end": 571 }, { ...

[]

HOMO–LUMO energy band gaps between ylides and their pyrene adducts propose that the 1, 3-DC of second pyridinium ylides to ylidepyrene adducts are HOMOylide–LUMOylide–pyrene controlled since the energy band gap is smaller than HOMOylide–pyrene–LUMOylide. Regioselectivity of second cycloaddition was predicted using the ...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "ylides", "start": 35, "end": 41 }, { "text": "pyrene adducts", "start": 52, "end": 66 }, { "text": "1, 3-DC", "start": 84, "end": 91 }, { "text": "seco...

[]

This section is devoted to the discretization of the advection–diffusion equation and to the analysis of dispersion and diffusion eigencurves for different polynomial orders. The spectral/hp continuous Galerkin method considered closely resembles the formulation presented in [7]. Sec. 2. 1 describes in detail the deriv...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "discretization of the advection–diffusion equation", "start": 31, "end": 81 }, { "text": "dispersion and diffusion eigencurves", "start": 105, "end": 141 } ], "process": [ { "text": "...

[]

A popular choice is to couple a set of quadrature points with an equal number of nodal Lagrange polynomials defined at the same points, leading to a collocation method. There are many examples of this throughout the literature, both in terms of the more traditionally utilised continuous Galerkin (CG) and discontinuous ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "collocation formulation, especially given the presence of a diagonal mass matrix", "start": 728, "end": 808 } ], "process": [ { "text": "couple a set of quadrature points with an equal number of nodal Lagrange polynomia...

[]

The research work in this paper elaborates on the theoretical effectiveness of the proposed method based on the multivariate EMD. It also clearly indicates through numerical simulations and applications to bearing monitoring that the expansion from standard EMD to multivariate EMD is a successful exploration. Using mul...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "multivariate EMD", "start": 112, "end": 128 }, { "text": "numerical simulations", "start": 164, "end": 185 }, { "text": "bearing monitoring", "start": 206, "end": 224 ...

[]

Solid pieces of 23–114 mg were further used to measure the enthalpy increments using a Setaram Multi-detector High Temperature Calorimeter (MDHTC-96) using a drop detector. For more details about the technique we refer to our previous studies [9, 10]. The measurements were carried out under an argon atmosphere (with an...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "enthalpy increments", "start": 59, "end": 78 }, { "text": "Solid pieces", "start": 0, "end": 12 }, { "text": "2–4 drops of Bi2UO6 samples", "start": 557, "end": 584 ...

[]

The Hamiltonian approach and the variational approach are utilized to treat the relativistic harmonic oscillator for the amplitude-frequency relationship. The nice reliability is shown by the result comparison with that from open literature. The simplicity and efficiency of the methods are also disclosed for different ...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Hamiltonian approach", "start": 4, "end": 24 }, { "text": "variational approach", "start": 33, "end": 53 }, { "text": "amplitude-frequency relationship", "start": 121, "end...

[]

A process-driven model is presented to build an instinctive and efficient higher educational administrative management system to overcome problems most universities facing. With this model, processes are identified explicitly and the routine of educational administration is broken into small tasks. Each task has design...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "process-driven model", "start": 2, "end": 22 }, { "text": "administrative management system", "start": 93, "end": 125 }, { "text": "overcome problems", "start": 129, "end":...

[]

The charmonium production has long been considered as a good process for investigating both perturbative and nonperturbative properties of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), because of the relatively large difference between the scale at which the charm–quark pair is produced at the parton level and the scale at which it ev...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "charmonium production", "start": 4, "end": 25 }, { "text": "nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics", "start": 693, "end": 731 }, { "text": "NRQCD", "start": 733, "end": 738...

[]

The oxide thickness is calculated using the weight gain and surface area. Artificially changing the surface profile will modify the surface area and calculated oxide thickness. SEM images of samples removed after 111 days oxidation were used to define the change in surface profile length with variation in applied rough...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "oxide", "start": 4, "end": 9 }, { "text": "oxidation", "start": 222, "end": 231 }, { "text": "oxidation", "start": 514, "end": 523 } ], "material": [ { ...

[]

In this paper, we present algorithms for automatic generation of logic reasoning questions. The algorithms are able to construct questions that are solvable with unique solutions. The algorithms employ AI techniques such as semantic networks to produce verbal questions. These algorithms are small in size and are able t...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "generation of logic reasoning questions", "start": 51, "end": 90 }, { "text": "construct questions that are solvable with unique solutions", "start": 119, "end": 178 }, { "text": "AI techn...

[]

FR schemes are similar to nodal DG schemes, which are arguably the most popular type of unstructured high-order method (at least in the field of computational aerodynamics). Like nodal DG schemes, FR schemes utilise a high-order (nodal) polynomial basis to approximate the solution within each element of the computation...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "FR schemes", "start": 0, "end": 10 }, { "text": "nodal DG schemes", "start": 26, "end": 42 }, { "text": "unstructured high-order method", "start": 88, "end": 118 }, ...

[]

Isogeometric analysis. The central idea of isogeometric analysis is to use the same ansatz functions for the discretization of the partial differential equation at hand, as are used for the representation of the problem geometry. Usually, the problem geometry Ω is represented in computer aided design (CAD) by means of ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Isogeometric analysis", "start": 0, "end": 21 }, { "text": "isogeometric analysis", "start": 43, "end": 64 }, { "text": "problem geometry", "start": 212, "end": 228 }, ...

[]

In this paper we construct such a physical model with a continuous distribution of relaxations. It is based on the phenomenological theory of relaxation processes which have a long history in physics literature and was recently summarized in a monograph in which references to other relevant publications can be found, [...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "physical model", "start": 34, "end": 48 }, { "text": "relaxation mechanisms", "start": 372, "end": 393 }, { "text": "shear viscosity", "start": 839, "end": 854 }, ...

[]

An innovative sound wall system was developed in the University of Western Ontario, and was examined to serve as a vertical extension to the existing sound walls. The wall system (denoted as flexi-wall) consists of stay-in-place poly-blocks as formwork, light polyurethane foam (LPF) reinforced with steel rebars as stru...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "sound wall system", "start": 14, "end": 31 }, { "text": "existing sound walls", "start": 141, "end": 161 }, { "text": "wall system", "start": 20, "end": 31 }, ...

[]

Though, in this Letter we have constructed the Born–Infeld black holes in the presence of a cosmological constant and discussed their thermodynamical properties, many issues however still remain to be investigated. We know that Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes undergo Hawking–Page phase transition. This transition ge...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "Reissner–Nordström AdS black holes", "start": 228, "end": 262 }, { "text": "brane", "start": 480, "end": 485 }, { "text": "charged holes", "start": 891, "end": 904 }...

[]

An algorithm of multi-axis NC tool-path generation for subdivision surfaces is proposed. The algorithm includes two steps: model building and tool path generation. In the section of model building, in order to obtain the deformed surface, the deformation vector is computed which is associated with the curvature and the...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "algorithm of multi-axis NC tool-path generation", "start": 3, "end": 50 }, { "text": "algorithm", "start": 3, "end": 12 }, { "text": "model building", "start": 123, "end": ...

[]

The systems in which the Stern–Gerlach force is most prominent are those with a high electromagnetic field gradient. Section 2 considers the implications of the coupling between the spin of a classical electron and the rapidly varying electromagnetic field produced by a laser-driven plasma wave. Sufficiently short, hig...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "laser-driven plasma wave", "start": 271, "end": 295 }, { "text": "high-intensity laser pulses", "start": 317, "end": 344 }, { "text": "Stern–Gerlach force", "start": 25, "e...

[]

The exquisite manipulation and exact measurement of properties of individual nanomaterials, compared with notable progress in their preparation, have not been thoroughly addressed albeit being of prime importance for the sustained development of new devices [58–61]. To date, several instruments have been designed for s...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "nanomaterials", "start": 77, "end": 90 }, { "text": "scanning electron microscopes", "start": 339, "end": 368 }, { "text": "SEM", "start": 370, "end": 373 }, {...

[]

An application of ROMP derived random copolymers is the covalent incorporation of optical sensor moieties into a polymer matrix. ROM polymers have been tested as matrix materials for the oxygen sensing phosphorescent complex platinum tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin. A correlation between the nature of the ROM po...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "ROMP derived random copolymers", "start": 18, "end": 48 }, { "text": "optical sensor moieties", "start": 82, "end": 105 }, { "text": "polymer matrix", "start": 113, "end":...

[]

Modeling collaboration processes is a challenging task. Existing modeling approaches are not capable of expressing the unpredictable, non-routine nature of human collaboration, which is influenced by the social context of involved collaborators. We propose a modeling approach which considers collaboration processes as ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Modeling collaboration processes", "start": 0, "end": 32 }, { "text": "discovery of socially coherent teams", "start": 633, "end": 669 } ], "process": [ { "text": "modeling approaches...

[]

The reason to investigate the BFKL and DGLAP equations in the case of supersymmetric theories is based on a common belief, that the high symmetry may significantly simplify the structure of these equations. Indeed, it was found in the leading logarithmic approximation (LLA) [10], that the so-called quasi-partonic opera...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "investigate the BFKL and DGLAP equations in the case of supersymmetric theories", "start": 14, "end": 93 }, { "text": "high symmetry may significantly simplify the structure of these equations", "start": 132, "e...

[]

With the development of sport normal students in china, Some ideas to teaching and learning that view learning as a simple process of knowledge have become outdated and ineffective, therefore, In order to improving the quality of teaching and learning on sport normal students in china, this author discussed some factor...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "knowledge", "start": 134, "end": 143 }, { "text": "teaching", "start": 70, "end": 78 }, { "text": "learning", "start": 83, "end": 91 }, { "text": "imple...

[]

The validity of semi-classical boundary conditions for the WTE as introduced in [8] is a topic under vivid debate, especially after recent works which address the non-uniqueness and the symmetry properties of the Wigner function [27, 28, 46]. The numerical test cases presented therein are for symmetric potentials for w...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "validity of semi-classical boundary conditions", "start": 4, "end": 50 }, { "text": "convergence of the WTE calculations", "start": 513, "end": 548 }, { "text": "present simulations only for ...

[]

In this paper, a novel position estimation method of prism was proposed for single-lens stereovision system. The prism with multi faces was considered as a single optical system composed of some refractive planes. A transformation matrix which can express the relationship between an object point and its image by the re...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "position estimation method", "start": 23, "end": 49 }, { "text": "express the relationship", "start": 248, "end": 272 } ], "material": [ { "text": "prism", "start": 53, ...

[]

We have developed a systematic, quantified understanding of a specific problem: the design of mobile-friendly unique identifiers. But our results also apply to the design of other text-based services. There has been a trend toward bespoke and adaptive keyboards (e. g., Dunlop and Levine, 2012; Karrenbauer and Oulasvirt...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "design of mobile-friendly unique identifiers", "start": 84, "end": 128 }, { "text": "design of other text-based services", "start": 164, "end": 199 }, { "text": "design of a service", ...

[]

Nuclear theory devoted major efforts since 4 decades to describe thermalization in nuclear reactions, predominantly using semi-classical methods [13, 14, 10], in line with similar problems in quantum liquids [15, 16]. There were attempts to develop improved molecular dynamics methods combining quantum features with a s...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Nuclear theory", "start": 0, "end": 14 }, { "text": "thermalization", "start": 65, "end": 79 }, { "text": "combining quantum features", "start": 285, "end": 311 }, ...

[]

Topological insulators (TIs) are promising candidates of spintronics materials because of their robust helical surface states and the extremely strong spin–orbit interaction [1–3]. Initially, binary chalcogenides Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Se3 have been identified as three-dimensional TIs by surface sensitive probes such as...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Topological insulators", "start": 0, "end": 22 }, { "text": "TIs", "start": 24, "end": 27 }, { "text": "spin–orbit interaction", "start": 151, "end": 173 }, { ...

[]

Certainly therefore the see-saw mechanism is an attractive explanation of why the light neutrino masses are so small. However, it is not without its faults. In particular, there is a tension between the strongly hierarchical nature of the observed Yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors, and the essent...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "light neutrino masses", "start": 82, "end": 103 }, { "text": "Yukawa couplings in the quark and charged lepton sectors", "start": 248, "end": 304 }, { "text": "hierarchy-free masses implied b...

[]

The fluence of each capsule was determined by using activation monitor sets. These monitor sets consist of different metal wire pieces that have an activation reaction at a specific energy range. The different activation energies are chosen in such a way that the spectrum can be reconstructed. In BODEX, each capsule co...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "fluence of each capsule", "start": 4, "end": 27 }, { "text": "determining the activation of each wire piece", "start": 730, "end": 775 } ], "material": [ { "text": "activation monitor...

[]

In the case of PSR applied to vessels, preservation of high curvature and branches (concavities) demands a high value of the d parameter, resulting in models with high number of polygons. To cope with this problem, Wu et al. (2013) evaluates a variant of PSR (in that work referred to as scale-adaptive [SA]), which incl...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "MC", "start": 509, "end": 511 }, { "text": "PSR", "start": 15, "end": 18 }, { "text": "scale-adaptive", "start": 288, "end": 302 }, { "text": "SA", ...

[]

The vapour phase consists of a number of different gases with silicon exhibiting a far higher partial pressure than all carbon containing species over the full temperature range. As an immediate result the vapour contains a higher amount of silicon leaving the solid phase with excess carbon. This carbon is likely to pr...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "vapour pressure of carbon", "start": 776, "end": 801 } ], "material": [ { "text": "vapour phase", "start": 4, "end": 16 }, { "text": "number of different gases", "start": 31, ...

[]

This conclusion is a consequence of the high jet speeds and small nozzle diameters in combination with the relatively high viscosity solvent and modest molecular weights of the polystyrene, which results in high Weissenberg numbers and moderate values of the extensibility, L studied here. As discussed in earlier papers...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "jetting fluid combinations", "start": 335, "end": 361 }, { "text": "inkjet fluid assessment methods", "start": 540, "end": 571 }, { "text": "jetting", "start": 335, "end": ...

[]

A scenario is proposed for bi-large lepton mixing in the framework of nearly threefold degenerate Majorana neutrinos. In our proposal, we impose Z3 symmetry in the neutrino sector at a high energy scale to account for the threefold degenerate neutrinos and the maximal mixing between νμ and ντ. In order to obtain the at...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "bi-large lepton mixing", "start": 27, "end": 49 }, { "text": "atmospheric neutrino mass splitting while keeping the maximal mixing between νμ and ντ", "start": 318, "end": 404 }, { "text": "l...

[]

In these frameworks, however, the physical spacetime dimension is an input rather than a prediction of the theory. In fact, in standard theories whose gravitational sector is described by the Einstein–Hilbert action, there is no obstruction to perform dimensional reductions to spacetimes of dimensions d ≠ 4. Then the q...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "physical spacetime dimension", "start": 34, "end": 62 }, { "text": "low energy regime", "start": 697, "end": 714 } ], "process": [ { "text": "prediction of the theory", "start...

[]

Assuming a constant cell electrical conversion efficiency of 15%, a constant fraction of the incident solar radiation would be dissipated by the solar cell for each solar radiation intensity level. From Table 2, it can be seen that for the worst scenario when the ambient temperature was 50 ° C with natural convection o...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "solar radiation", "start": 102, "end": 117 }, { "text": "natural convection", "start": 300, "end": 318 }, { "text": "apparent insolation level", "start": 545, "end": 570 ...

[]

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been widely used in science and engineering problems. They attempt to model the ability of biological nervous systems to recognize patterns and objects. ANN basic architecture consists of networks of primitive functions capable of receiving multiple weighted inputs that are evaluat...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Artificial Neural Networks", "start": 0, "end": 26 }, { "text": "science and engineering problems", "start": 58, "end": 90 }, { "text": "ANN basic architecture", "start": 191, ...

[]

The goal of the glued trees (GT) algorithm for quantum search is the following: beginning from the left-most vertex of a given GT graph, traverse the graph and reach the right-most vertex, referred to as the target vertex. Childs et al. [1] use this algorithm to show quantum walk search to be fundamentally more effecti...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "glued trees", "start": 16, "end": 27 }, { "text": "GT", "start": 29, "end": 31 }, { "text": "gluing stage", "start": 1057, "end": 1069 }, { "text": "inc...

[]

Recent publications [31] employ a variety of methods for calculating upper limits and there is no universally accepted procedure [27, 32, 33]. We choose an approach similar to that first advocated by Feldman and Cousins [27]. This method has been since extended by Conrad et al. [34] to incorporate uncertainties in dete...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "calculating upper limits", "start": 57, "end": 81 }, { "text": "calculate an upper limit", "start": 750, "end": 774 }, { "text": "detector sensitivity", "start": 316, "end": 3...

[]

MINERAL (MINeral ERror AnaLysis) is a new MATLAB ® based program that provides mineral formula recalculations combined with the associated propagation of the analytical uncertainties. Methods are based on the work of Giamarita and Day (1990). However, additional features have been added to provide users with greater fl...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "MINERAL (MINeral ERror AnaLysis)", "start": 0, "end": 32 }, { "text": "a new MATLAB ® based program", "start": 36, "end": 64 }, { "text": "Methods", "start": 184, "end": 191 ...

[]

Contractor selection for a project is an important decision, one for the project time and cost, next for the quality obtained by the project. Although the project managers can easily determine the project time and cost, the quality is usually undefined especially for un-experienced managers. With a learnable property, ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "Contractor selection", "start": 0, "end": 20 }, { "text": "determine the project time and cost", "start": 183, "end": 218 }, { "text": "quantify the quality obtained for a gas well drilling p...

[]

Social network gaming, which refers to playing games that are connected to social networking services (SNS) directly, or through mobile applications (apps), is a popular online activity. Social network games (SNG) are generally free-to-play and do not award monetary prizes, but users can make in-game purchases to advan...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "SNG market", "start": 688, "end": 698 }, { "text": "social networking services", "start": 75, "end": 101 }, { "text": "SNS", "start": 103, "end": 106 }, { ...

[]

It is interesting to quantify the effects of the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction rate on the bulk-mean concentration of B in water. The data could present important information on evaluating the environmental impacts of the degradation product of B, as well as acidification of water by the chemical reaction. H...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "bulk-mean concentration", "start": 102, "end": 125 }, { "text": "chemical reaction", "start": 72, "end": 89 }, { "text": "degradation", "start": 233, "end": 244 }, ...

[]

The paper deals with the computation of distribution network components reliability parameters. Knowledge of the component reliability parameters in power networks is necessary for the reliability computation and also for reliability-centered maintenance system. Component reliability parameters are possible to retrieve...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "computation of distribution network components reliability parameters", "start": 25, "end": 94 }, { "text": "introduce some results of databases calculations", "start": 585, "end": 633 } ], "proces...

[]

In the brane system appearing in string/D-brane theory, the stableness is the most important requirement. We find some stable brane configurations in the SUSY bulk-boundary theory. We systematically solve the singular field equation using a general mathematical result about the free-wave solution in S1/Z2-space. The tw...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "string/D-brane theory", "start": 33, "end": 54 }, { "text": "SUSY bulk-boundary theory", "start": 154, "end": 179 }, { "text": "general mathematical result about the free-wave solution", ...

[]

One surface was then polished and cleaned using a protocol designed to eliminate as much preparation-related contamination as possible. This is as follows: The lead surface was polished by hand using a damp abrasive disc (BuehlerMet II ®) to remove visible surface defects and to expose a fresh metal surface. Coupons we...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "damp abrasive disc", "start": 202, "end": 220 }, { "text": "surface", "start": 4, "end": 11 }, { "text": "metal surface", "start": 295, "end": 308 }, { ...

[]

The key point of robot dynamics is optimal design and control. The efficiency of robot dynamics has been the goal of researchers in recent years. Screws are used to describe dynamic problems in this paper, and an O (N) recursive robot forward dynamic algorithm is given on this. It can be easily extended to tree topolog...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "robot dynamics", "start": 17, "end": 31 }, { "text": "efficiency of robot dynamics", "start": 67, "end": 95 }, { "text": "describe dynamic problems", "start": 165, "end": 190 ...

[]

Recently, a network virtualization technology has attracted considerable attention as one of new generation network technologies. In this paper, in order to permit the rapid changing for a topology of a virtual network, we propose a new virtual network construction method based on the shortest path betweenness. In our ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "network virtualization technology", "start": 12, "end": 45 }, { "text": "new generation network technologies", "start": 93, "end": 128 }, { "text": "rapid changing for a topology of a virtual...

[]

Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting (FETI) methods are a powerful approach to designing solvers for large-scale problems in computational mechanics. The numerical simulation problem is subdivided into a number of independent sub-problems, which are then coupled in appropriate ways. NURBS-(Non-Uniform Rational B-...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting", "start": 0, "end": 42 }, { "text": "isogeometric analysis", "start": 334, "end": 355 }, { "text": "NURBS-based IGA", "start": 576, ...

[]

Evolutionary Algorithms are the stochastic optimization methods, simulating the behavior of natural evolution. These algorithms are basically population based search procedures efficiently dealing with complex search spaces having robust and powerful search mechanism. EAs are highly applicable in multiobjective optimiz...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Evolutionary Algorithms", "start": 0, "end": 23 }, { "text": "stochastic optimization methods", "start": 32, "end": 63 }, { "text": "natural evolution", "start": 92, "end":...

[]

States outside the constituent quark model have been hypothesized to exist almost since the introduction of color [1–4]. Hybrid mesons, qq ̄ states with an admixture of gluons, and glueballs, states with no quark content, rely on the self interaction property of gluons due to their color charge. Looking for glueballs w...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "Looking for glueballs", "start": 297, "end": 318 }, { "text": "color charge", "start": 283, "end": 295 }, { "text": "constituent quark model", "start": 19, "end": 42 ...

[]

The number of hidden nodes is a critical factor for the generalization of ELM. Generally, it is heavy for time consumption to obtain the optimal number of hidden nodes with trial-and-error. A novel algorithm is proposed to optimize the hidden node number to guarantee good generalization, which employs the PSO in the op...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "hidden nodes", "start": 14, "end": 26 }, { "text": "hidden nodes", "start": 155, "end": 167 }, { "text": "hidden node", "start": 14, "end": 25 }, { "te...

[]

Powder metallurgy is a versatile technology for the manufacturing of components to (near) net-shape with high product quality. For a hardmetal (such as WC-Co) cold compaction of the powder to a “green body” is followed by liquid-phase sintering from the subsequent heating. This means that the binder metal Co is heated ...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "model and quantitatively simulate the sintering process", "start": 645, "end": 700 }, { "text": "estimate the final resulting quality", "start": 743, "end": 779 }, { "text": "to predict the f...

[]

A limitation of the pharmacyte approach is the one-time nature of the intervention: ACT T-cells can only be loaded once with a cargo of adjuvant drug prior to transfer, and the duration of stimulation is inherently limited by expansion of the cell population in vivo, since cell-bound particles are diluted with each cel...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "pharmacyte approach", "start": 20, "end": 39 }, { "text": "stimulation", "start": 189, "end": 200 }, { "text": "expansion of the cell population in vivo", "start": 226, "en...

[]

MicroCT has been applied to AM parts in various forms. Some preliminary results demonstrating the visualization of defects including porosity in AM components were reported in [6]. In another study, the porosity structures in parts built with improper settings were investigated [7]. In this work, the average porosity r...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "MicroCT", "start": 0, "end": 7 }, { "text": "porosity in AM components", "start": 133, "end": 158 }, { "text": "average porosity", "start": 302, "end": 318 }, {...

[]

In this paper we consider problems of creating and introducing intelligent management systems as one of the most important mechanism of increasing energy efficiency in industry. Operating principles of intelligent electric power distribution systems developed in MSTU « STANKIN » for AC and DC grids on industrial plants...

{ "entities": { "process": [ { "text": "intelligent management systems", "start": 63, "end": 93 }, { "text": "devices composing the systems", "start": 346, "end": 375 }, { "text": "intelligent electric power distribution systems...

[]

Tack is an important property of a PSA as it quantifies its ability to form instantly a bond when brought into contact with a surface. The final adhesion and cohesive strength of the bond are influenced by numerous factors including the surface energies of the adhesive and substrate, dwell time, contact pressure, mecha...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "‘clean’ separation", "start": 552, "end": 570 } ], "process": [ { "text": "rolling ball", "start": 716, "end": 728 }, { "text": "loop tack", "start": 730, "end": 739 ...

[]

Methods for anomaly detection in a local context are the conceptual opposite to the afore-described centralized methods, which rely on globally shared models. In data mining, the notion of locality is often given as distance between data values (given a specific distance metric such as Euclidean distance). A data point...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "anomaly detection", "start": 12, "end": 29 }, { "text": "data mining", "start": 162, "end": 173 }, { "text": "notion of locality", "start": 179, "end": 197 }, { ...

[]

Including the O (αs) corrections, all the operators listed in (9) and (10) have to be included. A convenient framework to carry out these calculations is the QCD factorization framework [14] which allows to express the hadronic matrix elements in the schematic form: (11) 〈 Vγ | Oi | B 〉 = FB → VTiI + ∫ dk + 2π ∫ 01duφB...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "operators listed in (9) and (10) have to be included", "start": 42, "end": 94 }, { "text": "isospin violation in the B → K ∗ γ decays", "start": 1193, "end": 1234 }, { "text": "hard-spectator...

[]

Analyzing the significance of macroscopical dynamic monitoring of new add construction land, considering the influence of various factors, this paper selected Yinchuan Plain for a typical experimental zone, built knowledge base of remote sensing images interpretation, used multi-temporal remote sensing images, carried ...

{ "entities": { "material": [ { "text": "Yinchuan Plain", "start": 159, "end": 173 }, { "text": "multi-temporal remote sensing images", "start": 274, "end": 310 }, { "text": "construction land", "start": 74, "end...

[]

In this work, light propagation in a scattering medium with piece-wise constant refractive index using the radiative transport equation was studied. Light propagation in each sub-domain with a constant refractive index was modeled using the RTE and the equations were coupled using boundary conditions describing Fresnel...

{ "entities": { "task": [ { "text": "light propagation in a scattering medium with piece-wise constant refractive index", "start": 14, "end": 96 } ], "process": [ { "text": "radiative transport equation", "start": 107, "end": 135 }, ...

[]