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is a cpu an asic
no asics are specific to one purpose while a central processing unit is designed to be able to do much more than one or a few tasks
what is asic in electronics
asics are printed electronic boards with circuits and processing units which act as a system that carries out specific tasks the bottom lineapplication specific integrated circuit mining machines are built to generate hashes for cryptocurrency mining they are orders of magnitude faster than central and graphics process...
what is applied economics
the aim of applied economics is to inform economic decisions and predict possible outcomes applied economics relates the conclusions drawn from economic theories and empirical studies to real world situations the purpose of applied economics is to improve the quality of practice in business public policy and daily life...
what is an appraisal
an appraisal is a valuation of property such as real estate a business collectible or an antique by the estimate of an authorized person the authorized appraiser must have a designation from a regulatory body governing the jurisdiction of the appraiser appraisals are typically used for insurance and taxation purposes o...
when the value of specific items exceeds a homeowners policy limit the policyholder may wish to obtain additional insurance that covers luxury items such as jewelry or collectibles including art objects and antiques before issuing personal property insurance policies for high end items many insurance underwriters requi...
some insurance contracts include an appraisal clause that specifies the owner agrees to obtain an appraisal from a mutually agreeable expert in the event of a dispute between the owner and the insurance company neutral appraisals can speed the resolution of a settlement and keep disputes from escalating into lengthy an...
how much does a home appraisal cost
on average a home appraisal can cost anywhere from 300 to 450 3 the price may be higher for appraisals of multi family homes or properties that are above average in size the buyer is most often responsible for paying appraisal fees at the time the appraisal is ordered
is a home appraisal required
a home appraisal is almost always a requirement when purchasing a home with a mortgage lenders use the appraisal to determine whether the home is worth the amount of money the buyer is asking to borrow a buyer may not require an valuation if they re paying cash for a home versus taking out a mortgage loan can the buyer...
what happens if the appraisal comes in too low
if a home appraisal comes in below what the buyer has agreed to pay there are several options they could choose from the first is to ask the seller to renegotiate the home s price so that it aligns with the home s appraisal value the next option is to pay the difference between the appraisal value and the asking price ...
do i need an appraisal to refinance a mortgage
in most cases yes lenders use appraisals to determine a home s value for refinancing mortgages the way they do for purchase mortgages there are a couple of exceptions however in some cases you will not need an valuation if you are taking out an fha refinance loan if it is what is called a streamline refinance loan 5 if...
what are appraisal costs
appraisal costs are a specific category of quality control costs companies pay appraisal costs as part of the quality control process to ensure that their products and services meet customer expectations and regulatory requirements these costs could include expenses for field tests and inspections understanding apprais...
what is an appraisal management company amc
an appraisal management company amc is an independent entity through which mortgage lenders order residential real estate valuation services for properties on which they are considering extending loans to homebuyers amcs fulfill an administrative function in the appraisal process including selecting an appraiser and de...
when the system works correctly the amc chooses an appraiser with local knowledge of the market for the property being appraised
appraisal management company amc requirementsamcs maintain a pool of state licensed or state qualified appraisers to meet requests from lending institutions an appraiser is then assigned to provide an appraisal report for the property amc appraisers are not provided with any prior information regarding the property or ...
what is appreciation
appreciation in general terms is an increase in the value of an asset over time the increase can occur for a number of reasons including increased demand or weakening supply or as a result of changes in inflation or interest rates this is the opposite of depreciation which is a decrease in value over time
how appreciation works
appreciation can be used to refer to an increase in any type of asset such as a stock bond currency or real estate for example the term capital appreciation refers to an increase in the value of financial assets such as stocks which can occur for reasons such as improved financial performance of the company just becaus...
how to calculate the appreciation rate
the appreciation rate is virtually the same as the compound annual growth rate cagr thus you take the ending value divide by the beginning value then take that result to 1 dividend by the number of holding periods e g years finally you subtract one from the result however in order to calculate the appreciation rate tha...
what is an appropriation
appropriation is when money is set aside for a specific purpose a company or a government appropriates funds in order to delegate cash for the necessities of its operations appropriations for the u s federal government are decided by congress through various committees a company might appropriate money for short term o...
what does an appropriation tell you
appropriations tell us how money or capital is being allocated whether it s through the federal government s budget or a company s use of cash and capital appropriations by governments are made for federal funds each year for various programs appropriations for companies may also be known as capital allocation appropri...
how a company appropriates money or invests its cash is monitored closely by market participants investors watch to determine whether a company is using its cash effectively to build shareholder value or whether the company is engaged in frivolous use of its cash which can lead to the destruction of shareholder value
monitoring corporate appropriationsinvestors monitor corporate appropriations of cash by analyzing a company s cash flow statement the cash flow statement cfs measures how well a company manages its cash position meaning how well the company generates cash to pay its debt obligations and fund its operating expenses the...
what is an appropriation account
appropriation is the act of setting aside money for a specific purpose in accounting it refers to a breakdown of how a firm s profits are divided up or for the government an account that shows the funds a government department has been credited with a company or a government appropriates funds in order to delegate cash...
how appropriation accounts work
in general accounting appropriation accounts are mainly prepared by partnerships and limited liability companies llcs they are an extension of the profit and loss statement showing how the profits of a firm are allocated to shareholders or to increase reserves indicated in the balance sheet a company might appropriate ...
what is an aptitude test
an aptitude test is an exam used to determine an individual s skill or propensity to succeed in a given activity aptitude tests assume that individuals have inherent strengths and weaknesses and a natural inclination toward success or failure in certain areas as a result aptitude tests are widely used in schools by emp...
when you might take an aptitude test
some schools administer aptitude tests to students beginning in the elementary years combined with intelligence and achievement tests that measure student mastery of academic content aptitude tests may be used to determine placement in gifted and talented programs or other specific educational tracks the modern languag...
how to pass an aptitude test
you might have heard that you can t prepare for an aptitude test but nothing could be further from the truth study guides and practice aptitude tests are readily available online and in community or high school libraries conduct an online search for the type of test you ll be taking you ll find many guides that offer t...
what is an aptitude test and an example
an aptitude test measures your capabilities in specific areas one widely used aptitude test is the armed forces vocational aptitude battery asvab the asvab tests general science arithmetic reasoning and mathematics word knowledge reading comprehension mechanical comprehension and more it is given to more than 1 million...
is an iq test an aptitude test
an iq test tries to measure your intelligence while an aptitude test measures your ability to apply your intelligence
is there an online aptitude test
while some aptitude tests may still be given using printed test booklets and bubble sheets many are administered online you can find free and paid versions the bottom linean aptitude test is a measure of your ability to learn or perform required tasks and succeed in a particular environment it is not a measure of intel...
what is the arab league
the arab league is a union of arabic speaking african and asian countries it was formed in cairo in 1945 to promote the independence sovereignty affairs and interests of its member countries and observers the organization began with seven founding members and is now comprised of 22 nations and four observer states the ...
when jordan joined the arab league its official name was transjordan
history of the arab leaguethe league was formed in 1945 after the seven founding members signed the alexandria protocol in cairo the previous year 2 the prominent issue at the time was freeing the arab countries that were still under colonial rule cairo was the original headquarters for the league in 1945 that changed ...
what is the purpose of the arab league
the arab league s state purpose is to seek close cooperation among its members on matters of common interest specifically economics communication culture nationality social welfare and health to strengthen ties improve communication and promote common interest among arabic speaking nations the pact of the league of ara...
does the arab league still exist
yes the arab league still exists but members are skipping league summits and declining positions possibly a sign of waning enthusiasm for the organization some scholars and statesmen feel that the league is unable to overcome a fundamental paralysis due to internal divisions among its member nations leading to resoluti...
why is turkey not in the arab league
turkey has expressed interest in having an observer status in the league but has been refused for several reasons those include opposition from iraq whose kurdish citizens turkey has frequently battled with and from syria which still claims turkey s hatay province the league has also condemned turkey s military interve...
is the arab league a military alliance
the arab league is not a military alliance per se but its founding members agreed to cooperate in military affairs and coordinate military defense 4 at the 2007 summit the leaders of its member states decided to reactivate their joint defense and establish a peacekeeping force to deploy in south lebanon darfur iraq and...
what is arbitrage
arbitrage is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same or similar asset in different markets in order to profit from tiny differences in the asset s listed price it exploits short lived variations in the price of identical or similar financial instruments in different markets or in different forms arbitrage exists...
how does arbitrage work
arbitrage is trading that exploits the tiny differences in price between identical or similar assets in two or more markets the arbitrage trader buys the asset in one market and sells it in the other market at the same time to pocket the difference between the two prices there are more complicated variations in this sc...
what are some examples of arbitrage
the standard definition of arbitrage involves buying and selling shares of stock commodities or currencies on multiple markets to profit from inevitable differences in their prices from minute to minute however the term arbitrage is also sometimes used to describe other trading activities merger arbitrage which involve...
why is arbitrage important
in the course of making a profit arbitrage traders enhance the efficiency of the financial markets as they buy and sell the price differences between identical or similar assets narrow the lower priced assets are bid up while the higher priced assets are sold off in this manner arbitrage resolves inefficiencies in the ...
what is the arbitrage pricing theory apt
arbitrage pricing theory apt is a multi factor asset pricing model it s based on the idea that an asset s returns can be predicted using the linear relationship between the asset s expected return and a number of macroeconomic variables that capture systematic risk it is a useful tool for analyzing portfolios from a va...
how the arbitrage pricing theory works
the arbitrage pricing theory was developed by the economist stephen ross in 1976 as an alternative to the capital asset pricing model capm 1 unlike the capm which assume markets are perfectly efficient apt assumes markets sometimes misprice securities before the market eventually corrects and securities move back to fa...
what is the difference between capm and arbitrage pricing theory
the main difference is that while capm is a single factor model the apt is a multi factor model in the capm the only factor considered to explain the changes in the security prices and returns is the market risk in the apt on the other hand the factors can be several
what are the limitations of apt
the main limitation of apt is that the theory does not suggest factors for a particular stock or asset one stock could be more sensitive to one factor than another and investors have to be able to perceive the risk sources and sensitivities
what is the main advantage of apt
the main advantage of apt is that it allows investors to customize their research since it provides more data and it can suggest multiple sources of asset risks the bottom linearbitrage pricing theory apt is a multi factor asset pricing model based on the idea that an asset s returns can be forecasted with the linear r...
what do arbitrageurs do
there is often confusion about this part of the finance world for example many might know that arbitrageurs seek price differences between stocks listed on more than one exchange by buying the undervalued shares on one exchange while short selling the same number of overvalued shares on another this allows them one mig...
what then does an arbitrageur do let s first look at merger arbitrage which has been behind the plots of several hollywood movies over the years
also known as risk arbitrage merger arbitrage involves capitalizing on the price difference between the stock price of a target company and the offer price from an acquiring company when mergers are announced the target company s stock price usually trades for less than the offer price reflecting uncertainty or risk fa...
when an asset is tradable in several markets prices for that asset may not always be the same
examples of arbitrageur playslet s look at an example of the work of an arbitrageur suppose the stock of company x is trading at 20 on the new york stock exchange nyse while at the same time it is trading for the equivalent of 20 05 on the london stock exchange lse a trader can buy the stock on the nyse and immediately...
what technologies do arbitrageurs use
arbitrageurs often use specialized trading software designed for algorithmic trading this software can process real time market data analyze that data and execute trades very quickly after doing so also many arbitrageurs use custom built systems tailored to their specific trading strategies these systems often have pow...
how do arbitrageurs mitigate risk
arbitrageurs face the risk that the expected price convergence between the two assets won t come about or will take longer than expected potentially leading to losses there s also execution risk where delays or failures in executing trades can erode profit margins in addition arbitrageurs face the liquidity risk of not...
what role does high frequency trading hft play in arbitrage
hft has a large role in modern arbitrage strategies hft involves the use of sophisticated algorithms to execute a large number of orders at extremely high speeds for arbitrage hft allows traders to capitalize on fleeting price discrepancies that may exist only for fractions of a second across different exchanges or bet...
what is arbitration
arbitration is a mechanism for resolving disputes between investors and brokers or between brokers it is overseen by the financial industry regulatory authority finra and the decisions are final and binding arbitration is distinct from mediation in which parties negotiate to reach a voluntary settlement and decisions a...
how arbitration works
in practical terms arbitration is similar to a lawsuit but may be preferable for all parties due to the lower costs and time commitments involved
when an investor or broker has a specific dispute with a broker that is registered with finra they may file a claim with finra that states the alleged misconduct and the amount of money they are seeking in damages
finra will appoint a panel of three financial industry professionals who unless the injured party requests otherwise will not be employed in the securities industry this is intended to eliminate bias but if one of the parties suspects that a member of the panel is biased they may request a change arbitration hearingsfo...
what is arc elasticity
arc elasticity is the elasticity of one variable with respect to another between two given points it is used when there is no general way to define the relationship between the two variables arc elasticity is also defined as the elasticity between two points on a curve the concept is used in both economics and mathemat...
how to calculate the price elasticity of demand
if the price of a product decreases from 10 to 8 leading to an increase in quantity demanded from 40 to 60 units then the price elasticity of demand can be calculated as 2since we re concerned with the absolute values in price elasticity the negative sign is ignored you can conclude that the price elasticity of this go...
how to calculate the arc elasticity of demand
to eliminate this problem the arc elasticity of demand can be used arc elasticity of demand measures elasticity at the midpoint between two selected points on the demand curve by using a midpoint between the two points the arc elasticity of demand can be calculated as 2let s calculate the arc elasticity following the e...
when you use arc elasticity of demand you do not need to worry about which point is the starting point and which point is the ending point since the arc elasticity gives the same value for elasticity whether prices rise or fall 2
arc elasticity of demand is more useful than price elasticity of demand when there is a considerable change in price 2
what is elasticity in economics
in the context of economics elasticity is used to measure the change in the quantity demanded for a product in relation to its price movements a product is considered to be elastic if the demand for it changes substantially when its price changes
what is the law of demand
the law of demand is a fundamental economic concept it states that when prices rise the demand for a good or service will decrease
what are the benefits of arc elasticity of demand
the formula for arc elasticity of demand measures elasticity between two selected points by using a midpoint between the two points as a result it is particularly useful when there is a substantial change in price the bottom linearc elasticity is commonly used in economics to determine the percentage of change between ...
what is the arithmetic mean
the arithmetic mean is the simplest and most widely used measure of a mean or average it simply involves taking the sum of a group of numbers then dividing that sum by the count of the numbers used in the series for example take the numbers 34 44 56 and 78 the sum is 212 the arithmetic mean is 212 divided by four or 53...
how the arithmetic mean works
the arithmetic mean maintains its place in finance as well for example mean earnings estimates typically are an arithmetic mean say you want to know the average earnings expectation of the 16 analysts covering a particular stock simply add up all the estimates and divide by 16 to get the arithmetic mean the same is tru...
what is an arm s length transaction
an arm s length transaction refers to a business deal in which buyers and sellers act independently without one party influencing the other arm s length transactions assert that both parties act in their own self interest and are not subject to pressure from the other party they also assure others that there is no coll...
what is the difference between an arm s length transaction and other sales
the term arm s length transaction refers to transactions that are conducted between parties who are acting independently from one another and are not associated with one another outside of the transaction in question by contrast a transaction would not be arm s length if the buyer and seller are personally related such...
why are arm s length transactions important
the question of whether or not a transaction is arm s length matters because it can have legal and tax implications for example when a multinational corporation engages in transactions with its affiliated companies throughout the world it must ensure that those transactions are made at fair market values to ensure that...
what are some examples of non arm s length transactions
to illustrate consider the case of a mother who wishes to sell her car to her son she might choose to give her son a discount on the car even though she could obtain a higher price if she sold it to an arms length buyer in this scenario the transaction is not arm s length because the buyer and seller are already associ...
what is the arms index trin
the arms index also called the short term trading index trin is a technical analysis indicator that compares the number of advancing and declining stocks ad ratio to advancing and declining volume ad volume it s used to gauge overall market sentiment richard w arms jr invented the trin in 1967 and it measures the relat...
how to calculate the arms index trin
trin is provided in many charting applications to calculate by hand use the following steps
what does the arms index trin tell you
the arms index seeks to provide a more dynamic explanation of overall movements in the composite value of stock exchanges such as the nyse or nasdaq by analyzing the strength and breadth of these movements an index value of 1 0 indicates that the ratio of ad volume is equal to the ad ratio the market is said to be in a...
don t confuse the trin index for the share price of trinity capital trin 2
limitations of using the arms index trin the arms index has a few mathematical peculiarities that traders and investors should be aware of when using it since the index emphasizes volume inaccuracies arise when there isn t as much advancing volume in advancing issues as expected this may not be a typical situation but ...
how do you use the trin indicator
investors use the trin indicator to gauge the overall sentiment of the market a high trin indicates that falling stocks are trading at a greater value than rising stocks suggesting that the market is overall headed downwards a low trin indicates that rising stocks have a greater volume than falling stocks this index ca...
what is the tick index
the tick index measures relative market movements similar to the trin the tick index measures the number of stocks trading on an uptick compared to the number of stocks on a downtick unlike trin it does not account for the trading volume
what is a good trin ratio
a trin index below 1 0 is usually a bullish sign indicating that the market is advancing however it is important to understand the peculiarities of the trin formula because there are some circumstances where it can generate false signals 1the bottom linethe arms index also known as the trin is part of the galaxy of tec...
what is the aroon indicator
the aroon indicator is a technical indicator that can identify trend changes in the price of an asset as well as that trend s strength the aroon indicator essentially measures the time between highs and the times between lows over various periods strong uptrends will regularly see new highs and strong downtrends will r...
how does the aroon indicator work
the aroon indicator is a tool used by technical analysts to show whether the price of an asset is trending whether it s in a trending range whether the trend is beginning and the overall strength of the trend this indicator works by measuring the periods between the highs and the periods between the lows over a certain...
what is the best period for the aroon indicator
the aroon indicator is typically applied to 25 periods of data this means that the indicator shows how many periods it has been since a 25 period high or low or a period during which the high and low can be tracked the indicator ranges between 0 and 100 when the indicator trends above 50 it means that the last 12 perio...
what s the difference between the aroon indicator and macd
the aroon indicator and the moving average convergence divergence macd are two tools used by technical traders that identify price trends while the aroon indicator measures the strength of price trends the macd signals changes in the length of time direction strength and momentum of a trend like most indicators the aro...
what is the aroon oscillator
the aroon oscillator is a trend following indicator that uses aspects of the aroon indicator aroon up and aroon down to gauge the strength of a current trend and the likelihood that it will continue understanding the aroon oscillatoraroon oscillator readings above zero indicate that an uptrend is present while readings...
when aroon up remains high from consecutive new highs the oscillator value will be high following the uptrend when a security s price is on a downtrend with many new lows the aroon down value will be higher resulting in a lower oscillator value
the aroon oscillator line can be included with or without the aroon up and aroon down when viewing a chart significant changes in the direction of the aroon oscillator can help to identify a new trend aroon oscillator formula and calculationthe formula for the aroon oscillator is aroon oscillator aroon up aroon downaro...
when the oscillator moves below zero the aroon down is crossing below the aroon up a low occurred more recently than a high which could signal that a downtrend is starting
limitations of using the aroon oscillatorthe aroon oscillator keeps a trader in a trade when a long term trend develops during an uptrend for example the price tends to keep achieving new highs which keep the oscillator above zero during choppy market conditions the indicator will provide poor trade signals as the pric...
what is arrow s impossibility theorem
arrow s impossibility theorem is a social choice paradox illustrating the flaws of ranked voting systems it states that a clear order of preferences cannot be determined while adhering to mandatory principles of fair voting procedures arrow s impossibility theorem named after economist kenneth j arrow is also known as ...
what is social choice theory
social choice theory is a field of study focused on the mechanisms of collective decision making the central questions of the field include voting systems and group choices it has ramifications in economics politics behavioral science and beyond who was kenneth j arrow kenneth j arrow was an american economist well kno...
what is independence of irrelevant alternatives
independence of irrelevant alternatives is an assumed condition within decision theory that states that preferences among options should be unchanged if additional but irrelevant alternatives are introduced 4 in the context of an election consider a ballot with multiple candidates if a losing candidate were to be elimi...
what is article 50
article 50 is a clause in the european union s eu lisbon treaty that outlines the steps to be taken by a country seeking to leave the bloc voluntarily invoking article 50 kick starts the formal exit process and allows countries to officially declare their intention to leave the eu the united kingdom was the first count...
how article 50 works
article 50 is part of the lisbon treaty which was signed and ratified by all 27 member states of the european union in 2007 and came into effect in 2009 3 the article outlines how a member nation may leave the eu voluntarily as noted above the article states any member state may decide to withdraw from the union in acc...
what are articles of association
articles of association are internal documents and rules to specify the regulations for a company s operations and define the company s purpose it outlines how tasks are to be accomplished within the organization including the process of appointing directors and handling financial records investopedia crea taylor
what the articles include
articles of association identify how a company issues shares pays dividends audits financial records and provides voting rights this set of rules can be considered a user s manual for the company the content varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but this document holds a similar format globally and commonly outlines...
how do articles of association differ from articles of incorporation
articles of association are internal documents that define a company s purpose as a business key information such as the name and how shares are structured articles of incorporation are formal documents filed with a government body to form a corporation legally articles of incorporation include the firm s name street a...
what are articles of organization
articles of organization are legal documents used to establish a limited liability company llc at the state level who creates the articles of association a company s founders typically create its articles of association because it is an important document addressing the company s management and finances the creators do...
what are articles of incorporation
articles of incorporation are a set of formal documents filed with a government body to legally document the creation of a corporation articles of incorporation generally contain pertinent information such as the firm s name street address agent for service of process and the amount and type of stock to be issued the a...
where to file articles of incorporation
in the u s articles of incorporation are filed with the office of the secretary of state in the state where the business chooses to incorporate 1 some states offer more favorable regulatory and tax environments and as a result attract a greater proportion of firms seeking incorporation for example delaware and nevada a...
what is the purpose of the articles of incorporation
the purpose of the articles of incorporation is to legally form a corporation the filing submits information to a state agency and the state agency officially determines whether the corporation can be recognized as a formal company once incorporated the business may receive a number of different benefits mentioned belo...
what are the benefits of filing articles of incorporation
by filing articles of incorporation a company can officially become incorporated once incorporated the company may receive favorable tax benefits and have the ability to raise capital by issuing stock in addition the owners of the corporation have different liability over company debts once a corporation is formed
how do you write articles of incorporation
articles of incorporation are filed with your state s secretary of state office that department provides a form that requests a variety of information about your newly forming corporation upon completing the required fields the form is submit back to the secretary of state for review the state agency that reviews the f...
what is artificial intelligence ai
artificial intelligence ai technology allows computers and machines to simulate human intelligence and problem solving tasks the ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take action to achieve a specific goal ai research began in the 1950s and was used in the 1960s by the united...
how artificial intelligence ai works
artificial intelligence commonly brought to mind the implementation of robots as technology evolved previous benchmarks that define artificial intelligence became outdated technologies that enable artificial intelligence include 1algorithms often play a part in the structure of artificial intelligence where simple algo...
what is reactive ai
reactive ai is a type of narrow ai that uses algorithms to optimize outputs based on a set of inputs chess playing ais for example are reactive systems that optimize the best strategy to win the game reactive ai tends to be fairly static unable to learn or adapt to novel situations
what are the concerns surrounding the use of ai
many are concerned with how artificial intelligence may affect human employment with many industries looking to automate certain jobs with intelligent machinery there is a concern that employees would be pushed out of the workforce self driving cars may remove the need for taxis and car share programs while manufacture...
how is ai used in healthcare
in healthcare settings ai is used to assist in diagnostics ai can identify small anomalies in scans to better triangulate diagnoses from a patient s symptoms and vitals ai can classify patients maintain and track medical records and deal with health insurance claims the bottom lineartificial intelligence ai is an evolv...
what is an ascending channel
an ascending channel is the price action contained between upward sloping parallel lines higher highs and higher lows characterize this price pattern technical analysts construct an ascending channel by drawing a lower trend line that connects the swing lows and an upper channel line that joins the swing highs 1the pat...
what is an ascending triangle
an ascending triangle is a chart pattern used in technical analysis it is created by price moves that allow for a horizontal line to be drawn along the swing highs and a rising trendline to be drawn along the swing lows the two lines form a triangle traders often watch for breakouts from triangle patterns the breakout ...
what does the ascending triangle tell you
an ascending triangle is generally considered to be a continuation pattern meaning that the pattern is significant if it occurs within an uptrend or downtrend 1 once the breakout from the triangle occurs traders tend to aggressively buy or sell the asset depending on which direction the price broke out image by julie b...
what are support and resistance levels
support and resistance levels represent points on a price chart where there is a likelihood of a letup or a reversal of the prevailing trend support occurs where a downtrend is expected to pause due to a concentration of demand while resistance occurs where an uptrend is expected to pause due to a concentration of supp...