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what is the difference between wei and gas | wei is the lowest unit for the cryptocurrency ether ethereum s gas is an amount of ether paid in wei for transactions on the blockchain | |
what is 2 5 ether to wei | to convert eth to wei you multiply the amount by 1018 which in this case results in 2 500 000 000 000 000 000 wei the bottom linewei is the atomic smallest unit of ether on the ethereum blockchain it is equal to one quintillionth of an ether which makes transactions in wei very difficult to add for this reason there ar... | |
what is weighted | weighted is a description of adjustments to a figure to reflect different proportions or weights of components that make up that figure a weighted average for example takes into account the proportional relevance of each component instead of measuring each individual component equally the dow jones industrial average d... | |
where the djia and nasdaq indexes utilize weighting in their calculation to more closely approximate the effect that changing stock prices will have on the overall market weighting can also be used to help evaluate the past and current prices of individual instruments through technical analysis | breaking down weightedemphasis can be placed on the more pertinent data through weighting this method is used frequently in the investing and accounting world a weighted moving average for example places additional emphasis on the most recent data thereby providing a better view of current market activity similarly a w... | |
what is weighted alpha | weighted alpha measures the performance of a security over a certain period usually a year but with relatively more importance given to recent activity compared to earlier performance alpha is a term used to describe an investment strategy s ability to beat the market or its edge alpha is thus also often referred to as... | |
what is weighted average | a weighted average is a calculation that takes into account the varying degrees of importance of the numbers in a data set a weighted average can be more accurate than a simple average in which all numbers in a data set are assigned an identical weight paige mclaughlin investopedia | |
what is the purpose of a weighted average | in calculating a simple average or arithmetic mean all numbers are treated equally and assigned equal weight but a weighted average assigns weights that determine in advance the relative importance of each data point in calculating a weighted average each number in the data set is multiplied by a predetermined weight b... | |
what is weighted average cost of capital wacc | weighted average cost of capital wacc represents a company s average after tax cost of capital from all sources including common stock preferred stock bonds and other forms of debt as such wacc is the average rate that a company expects to pay to finance its business wacc is a common way to determine required rate of r... | |
what is capital structure | companies use various means to obtain the capital they need which can include issuing bonds debt and shares of stock equity capital structure refers to how they mix the two | |
what is a debt to equity ratio | a debt to equity ratio is another way of looking at the risk that investing in a particular company may hold it compares a company s liabilities to the value of its shareholder equity the higher the debt to equity ratio the riskier a company is often considered to be 6the bottom lineweighted average cost of capital wac... | |
what is the weighted average cost of equity wace | weighted average cost of equity wace is a way to calculate the cost of a company s equity that gives different weight to different types of equities according to their proportion in the corporate structure instead of lumping retained earnings common stock and preferred stock together wace provides a more accurate idea ... | |
how the weighted average cost of equity wace works | the weighted average cost of equity wace is essentially the same as the cost of equity that relates to the capital asset pricing model capm rather than simply averaging out the cost of equity a weighting is applied that reflects the mix of that equity type in the company at the time if the cost of equity was averaged w... | |
why the weighted average cost of equity wace matters | potential buyers who are considering acquiring a company might use the weighted average cost of equity to help them assign a value to the future cash flows of the target company the results of this formula can also be coupled with other indicators such as the after tax cost of debt to form an assessment as mentioned th... | |
what is the weighted average coupon wac | the weighted average coupon wac is a measurement of the rate of return on a pool of mortgages that is sold to investors as a mortgage backed security mbs the underlying mortgages are repaid at different lengths of time so the wac represents its return at the time it was issued and may differ from its wac later understa... | |
what is a weighted average credit rating wacr | the weighted average credit rating wacr relates to the weighted average rating regarding all bonds in a bond fund this rating procedure provides investors with an idea as to a fund s credit quality it also helps to identify the overall risk involved with a bond portfolio the lower the weighted average credit rating the... | |
how a weighted average credit rating is tabulated varies throughout the financial industry in general the weighted average credit rating takes into consideration the proportion of the value of each credit rating and considers it as a percentage of the total portfolio with individual rating weights the fund can determin... | with a weighted average credit rating investors can uncover the true credit quality of a bond fund special considerationsthe weighted average credit rating is not the only statistic that investors have access to when understanding the credit quality of a fund statistical reporting companies may also integrate a linear ... | |
what is weighted average life wal | the weighted average life wal is the average length of time that each dollar of unpaid principal on a loan a mortgage or an amortizing bond remains outstanding calculating wal shows an investor an analyst or a portfolio manager how many years it will take to receive roughly half of the amount of the outstanding princip... | |
what is weighted average loan age wala | the weighted average loan age wala measures the average age of the loans in a pool of mortgage backed securities mbs the weights are based on the dollar amount of each loan at each maturity in proportion to the aggregate total of the pool and can be weighted on the remaining principal balance dollar figure or the nomin... | |
how weighted average loan age works | weighted average loan age is used by investors of mortgage backed securities to estimate how long it will take for a pool of mortgage backed securities to be repaid the measure varies over time due to the fact that some mortgages get paid off faster than others essentially a mortgage backed security turns the bank into... | |
what is the weighted average market capitalization | the weighted average market capitalization refers to a type of stock market index construction that is based on the market capitalization of the index s constituent stocks large companies would therefore account for a greater portion of an index than smaller stocks this means the movement of an index would depend on a ... | |
what is weighted average maturity wam | weighted average maturity wam is the weighted average amount of time until the maturities on mortgages in a mortgage backed security mbs this term is used more broadly to describe maturities in a portfolio of debt securities including corporate debt and municipal bonds the higher the wam the longer it takes for all of ... | |
what is weighted average rating factor warf | the weighted average rating factor warf is a measure that is used by credit rating companies to indicate the credit quality of a portfolio this measure aggregates the credit ratings of the portfolio s holdings into a single rating warfs are most often calculated for collateralized debt obligations cdos understanding th... | |
what is the weighted average remaining term wart | weighted average remaining term wart is a metric that captures the average time to maturity of a portfolio of asset backed securities abs the longer the wart the longer the portfolio s assets will take to mature on average also known as the weighted average maturity wam wart is often used in relation to mortgage backed... | |
how the weighted average remaining term wart works | the wart of a portfolio is a helpful metric because it helps investors understand whether the time to maturity of the assets within the portfolio is relatively short or long for instance a mbs whose underlying mortgages are all very near to the end of their terms would have a low overall wart while one with mortgages t... | |
what is the weightless economy | the term weightless economy refers to the trade of intangible or abstract products and services such as consulting software and professional services the weightless economy sells ideas information expertise or services other terms such as post industrial economy or new economy are also used to describe these intangible... | |
when a product or service comes to dominate its market the company that produces it can achieve almost limitless growth and profitability in the weightless economy examples are microsoft s windows operating system google s search engine or android operating system and facebook s social network and advertising platform | all of these products have substantial ongoing costs related to their management marketing and product enhancements but their production costs are minimal by comparison traditional firms such as manufacturing plants and brick and mortar retailers face more obstacles to growth and profitability due to the higher costs a... | |
what is welfare | the term welfare refers to a range of government programs that provide financial or other aid to individuals or groups who can t support themselves welfare programs are typically funded by taxpayers and allow people to cope with financial stress during rough periods of their lives people who use welfare will receive a ... | |
how welfare works | social welfare systems assist individuals and families through health care food assistance unemployment compensation housing assistance and child care assistance a caseworker is assigned to each individual or family applying for housing benefits in the u s to determine and confirm the applicant s needs 4the benefits av... | |
what is considered welfare | any federal or state government program that provides financial or other assistance for housing food and healthcare to individuals and families who meet specific guidelines is considered welfare 27 | |
what makes you eligible for welfare | different welfare programs each have their own eligibility requirements including income limits providing proof that you re a u s citizen or eligible non citizen and providing information about family size 28 | |
what can welfare help me with | the goal of welfare is to support families and individuals in need as they work toward a more secure financial life welfare programs are designed to help individuals and families secure safe and clean housing get access to neonatal health and medical care purchase food and take advantage of tax breaks 28 | |
what welfare programs does the united states provide | welfare programs in the u s include medicaid supplemental security income supplemental nutrition assistance program children s health insurance program temporary assistance for needy families housing assistance and the earned income tax credit | |
what is social welfare | a social welfare system assists those in need whether they re individuals or families various types of welfare are available and how much welfare you re eligible for depends on factors like the country region or state in which you live the federal government provides money to each state and the welfare programs operate... | |
what was the welfare and pension plans disclosure act wppda | the welfare and pension plans disclosure act wppda was a 1950s era law that gave the u s department of labor regulatory authority over private employee benefits plans for the first time in an effort to increase transparency the wppda mandated that employers and labor unions provide plan descriptions and financial repor... | |
how erisa expanded on the wppda | the employee retirement income security act of 1974 protects americans retirement assets by implementing rules that qualified retirement plans must follow to ensure plan fiduciaries use plan assets appropriately as outlined by erisa plans must provide participants with information about plan features and funding and re... | |
what is welfare economics | welfare economics is the study of how the allocation of resources and goods affects social welfare this relates directly to the study of economic efficiency and income distribution as well as how these two factors affect the overall well being of people in the economy in practical terms welfare economists seek to provi... | |
how is economic welfare determined | under the lens of pareto efficiency optimal welfare or utility is achieved when the market is allowed to reach an equilibrium price for a given good or service it s at this point that consumer and producer surpluses are maximized 1however the aim of most modern welfare economists is to apply notions of justice rights a... | |
what is the first and second welfare theorem | welfare economics is associated with two main theorems the first is that competitive markets yield pareto efficient outcomes the second is that social welfare can be maximized at an equilibrium with a suitable level of redistribution | |
what are the assumptions of welfare economics | welfare economics seeks to evaluate how economic policies affect the well being of the community as a consequence it is generally based on a lot of assumptions that include above all taking individual preferences as a given who is the founder of welfare economics many different economists have been credited for their c... | |
what is the welfare loss of taxation | welfare loss of taxation refers to a decrease in economic and social well being caused by the imposition of a new tax it is the total cost to society incurred just by the process of transferring purchasing power from taxpayers to the taxing authority these costs consist of economically productive activity foregone and ... | |
what is a welfare state | the term welfare state refers to a type of governing in which the national government plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well being of its citizens a welfare state is based on the principles of equality of opportunity equitable distribution of wealth and public responsibility fo... | |
what is a wellbore | a wellbore is a hole that is drilled to aid in the exploration and recovery of natural resources including oil gas or water a wellbore is the actual hole that forms the well a wellbore can be encased by materials such as steel and cement or it may be uncased the motivation for drilling a wellbore is usually to extract ... | |
what is a wellness program | the term wellness program refers to an organizational approach to improving individual health wellness programs are commonly offered by companies to their employees providing financial incentives or other resources to stay healthy local and state governments and insurance companies may also offer incentive based wellne... | |
when individuals are healthy it improves productivity decreases sick days and leaves of absences lowers an organization s health insurance expenses reduces turnover and lowers the chances of workers compensation claims employees can also benefit from wellness programs through lower health insurance premiums decreased o... | there are many ways that wellness programs can help individuals make healthy choices to improve their lifestyles companies can offer in house workout spaces or marked walking paths on the corporate campus to encourage physical activity some corporations may even offer financial incentives such as lower health insurance... | |
how much corporate wellness programs cost | companies spend anywhere from 150 to 1 200 per employee on wellness programs depending on the size of the company and the number of individuals employed according to the internal revenue service irs any employer provided cash rewards such as subsidies for gym memberships count as taxable income since they are not consi... | |
how effective are workplace wellness programs | research published in the harvard business review shows that the return on investment for effective employee wellness programs can be as high as six to one | |
what are reasons why employees don t participate in wellness programs | many employees don t participate in wellness programs due to lack of time lack of knowledge on how to claim these benefits or sensitivities around certain types of wellness programs such as health screenings that may compromise their personal information | |
what steps should companies take to start a wellness program | companies looking to start a wellness program should poll their employees on the perks they find most beneficial while a younger company base may prefer wellness programs such as subsidized gym memberships more established corporations may prefer health screenings or mental health benefits such as access to free therap... | |
what is a wells notice | a wells notice is a notification issued by regulators to inform individuals or companies of completed investigations where infractions have been discovered it usually takes the form of a letter which notifies recipients both of the broad nature of the violations uncovered as well as the nature of the enforcement procee... | |
what is the xof west african cfa franc | the west african cfa franc xof is the shared currency of eight independent states in west africa the xof uses both coins and banknotes with the franc subdivided into 100 centimes the central bank of west african states located in dakar senegal regulates the currency the members that use the west african cfa france cons... | |
what is west texas intermediate wti | west texas intermediate wti is a grade of crude oil and one of the main three benchmarks in oil pricing along with brent and dubai crude wti is considered a high quality oil that is relatively easy to refine wti is known as a light sweet oil it contains less than 0 50 sulfur whereas the norm is about 0 24 to 0 34 makin... | |
is the u s a net exporter or importer of oil | the u s exports more petroleum products than it imports in 2023 the u s imported about 8 51 million barrels per day of petroleum products from 86 countries the same year it exported about 10 15 million barrels of petroleum to 173 countries and three u s territories 7petroleum products include crude oil hydrocarbon gas ... | |
what countries does the u s import petroleum from | the top five source countries for petroleum products imported into the u s are canada mexico saudi arabia iraq and brazil 8 | |
what s the difference between crude oil petroleum and petroleum products | crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons found in liquid form underground and brought to the surface for refining into fuel and other products petroleum products are processed in refineries from crude oil and other liquids petroleum is a broad term that includes both crude oil and petroleum products 9the bottom linewest ... | |
what is a western account | a western account is a type of agreement among underwriters aau in which each underwriter agrees to share responsibility for only a specific portion of the overall new issuance they are the opposite of an eastern account in which each underwriter shares responsibility for the entire issuance western accounts are popula... | |
how western accounts work | the western account is one of the ways that underwriters seek to manage the risk associated with bringing new securities to the public such as in the case of an initial public offering ipo these transactions are inherently risky for the underwriters involved because they are required to pay a certain amount of money to... | |
when bringing together several underwriting firms in this manner it is necessary to clearly delineate the rights and responsibilities of the parties involved this is accomplished through explicit agreements known as agreements among underwriters or aaus which lay out which underwriter is responsible for which portion o... | the western account also known as a divided account is simply one common example of an aau structure in it each underwriter agrees to take on liability for only the portion of the issuance that it takes into its own inventory if any of the securities held by other underwriters fail to sell or obtain disappointing price... | |
what is an underwriter | an underwriter is a person or organization that takes on another party s financial risk through a mortgage loan insurance or other financial transaction the underwriter often makes money through interest payments underwriters can also make money through the difference between what they pay for a new investment or secur... | |
what is an ipo | an ipo is an initial public offering which means a large company is selling shares to the public for the first time an ipo is a way for companies to raise money from public investors after an ipo the company s shares are available to buy and sell on a public stock exchange who underwrites an ipo initial public offering... | |
when a new security is offered to the public such as through an ipo the risk of the new security is taken on by underwriters that may form an underwriting consortium the underwriters may use an agreement known as a western account in this arrangement each underwriter is only responsible for a specific portion of the ne... | this type of agreement lowers the risk each underwriter takes on however it also lowers the potential profit they can make once the shares are sold to the public | |
what is a wet loan | a wet loan is a mortgage in which the funds realize at or with the completion of a loan application submission of other required documentation for closing the property such as surveys and title searches happens after the dispersion of funds wet loans allow the borrower to purchase property more rapidly and to complete ... | |
what is the wharton school | the wharton school of the university of pennsylvania often referred to simply as wharton is one of the most prestigious business schools in the world wharton s master of business administration mba program placed first in front of the university of chicago booth school of business in a 2023 global survey of the best bu... | |
is wharton better than harvard | each school is known for its focus wharton is famous for its business and corporate finance research while harvard is known for its business management and leadership research | |
why is wharton so famous | wharton has been teaching business finance for more than 120 years creating a brand and education that is in demand by students and industries worldwide | |
is wharton considered ivy league | wharton is a school within the university of pennsylvania which is one of the eight universities that make up the ivy league university of pennsylvania columbia harvard dartmouth yale cornell brown and princeton the bottom linethe wharton school of business was founded in the u s in 1881 as the country s first business... | |
what is a whartonite | whartonite is a colloquial term used to refer to graduates of the wharton school of the university of pennsylvania because of the wharton school s reputation in the financial sector the term whartonite is often associated with professionals in industries such as investment banking investment management private equity ... | |
is wharton better than harvard | wharton s mba program is ranked better than harvard s by u s news world report number three and number five respectively however for undergraduate purposes harvard is a better ranked school that offers a variety of more subjects for students while wharton is business focused 659 | |
how much does wharton s mba cost | the first year of wharton s mba program costs 124 476 which includes tuition and fees room and board books and supplies and health insurance second year costs are 122 476 10 | |
how hard is it to get into wharton grad school | wharton s mba program is extremely difficult to get into the school receives between 6 000 and 7 000 applicants a year and accepts approximately 1 000 of those 11 | |
is wharton school an ivy league school | yes the wharton school is an ivy league school as it is part of the university of pennsylvania which is one of the eight ivy league schools the other schools are harvard princeton columbia cornell dartmouth yale and brown the term ivy league applies only to u s schools which were originally tied together through athlet... | |
when issued wi is a transaction that is made conditionally because a security has been authorized but not yet issued treasury securities stock splits and new issues of stocks and bonds are all traded on a when issued basis | prior to a new issue s offering underwriters solicit potential investors who may elect to book an order to purchase a portion of the new issue understanding when issuedwhen issued orders are made conditionally because they may not be completed particularly in the event the offering is canceled orders when issued are so... | |
what is whipsaw | whipsaw describes the movement of a security when at a particular time the security s price is moving in one direction but then quickly pivots to move in the opposite direction there are two types of whipsaw patterns the first involves an upward movement in a share price which is then followed by a drastic downward mov... | |
how can traders profit from whipsaws | while it may look like a sideways market whipsaws imply that there are large up and down swings within a certain trading band this can be profitable for swing traders who can catch momentum both up and down as the market oscillates buying long straddles in the options market is another strategy that can profit as price... | |
how can whipsaws hurt traders | whipsaws can cause losses for traders by triggering closing trades only to be reversed in short order traders are often stopped out when a market whipsaws or moves sharply in one direction before returning to its original state for example a stock may whipsaw during an earnings announcement or other market moving event... | |
what technical indicators can be used to spot whipsaws | certain technical indicators are useful in identifying a whipsawing market envelopes momentum indicators parabolic sar and the vortex indicator are some good examples | |
what is a whisper number | a whisper number refers to the purported unofficial and unpublished earnings per share eps forecasts of professional traders and fund managers on wall street the whisper number can also be applied to any news or data release in any marketa whisper number can also refer to the expected future earnings or revenues accord... | |
what is a whisper stock | a public company s shares can briefly become a whisper stock if rumors circulate that the company is the target of a takeover offer the whispers will probably be followed by an immediate surge in trading volume and an increase in its share price | |
when two companies discuss a merger or an acquisition of one company by the other the talks are held in the strictest secrecy an insider who acts on the information in an attempt to make a profit or help someone else make a profit is committing the crime of insider trading | its price can fall back to earth just as quickly when the whispers stop whether they prove to be true or false understanding whisper stocksan inadvertent leak is nearly as bad since one person or a small group has the power to act on information that most investors do not know whisper stocks may occur as a response to ... | |
are hostile takeovers unethical | hostile takeovers can be seen as unethical as they are acquisitions done without the approval of the target company though they are legal they tend to raise legal and ethical questions during the process | |
how do you prevent a hostile takeover | certain defense strategies can be employed to prevent a hostile takeover including a poison pill crown jewel defense pac man defense and white knight these strategies usually make it more costly difficult or impossible for a company to acquire the target company | |
why are hostile takeovers bad | hostile takeovers are initially bad because they are not welcome and they cause chaos in the target company they often lead to mass layoffs in the target company reorganization and a change in upper management the ideas that an acquiring company seeks to implement sometimes don t pay off either leading to more disrupti... | |
what is a whistleblower | a whistleblower is anyone who has and reports insider knowledge of illegal illicit and fraudulent activities occurring in an organization whistleblowers can be employees suppliers contractors clients or any individual who becomes aware of dubious business activities whistleblowers are protected from retaliation under v... | |
what is a white candlestick | a white candlestick depicts a period where the security s price has closed at a higher level than where it had opened it is a point on a security s candlestick chart representing a bullish period on some charts an up candlestick may be depicted as either green or black these may be contrasted with a red candlestick whi... | |
what does candlestick mean | a candlestick is a symbol that traders and investors use it can provide a lot of information such as whether the period the candlestick follows is one where the price increased or decreased by how much and with what amount of momentum | |
what does a white candlestick mean | a white candlestick means that the candle closed its period at a higher price than when it opened a white candlestick is the opposite of a red candlestick which indicates a closing price lower than the opening | |
what is the most powerful candlestick pattern | some of the most powerful bullish patterns are the three line strike bullish abandoned baby and morning star some of the most powerful bearish patterns are three black crows identical three crows and evening star | |
what is the difference between red green black and white candlesticks | a read candlestick is one where the price closes lower than the opening green black and white candlesticks are all the same thing where the price closes higher than the open the difference in colors is due to different programs but the candlesticks mean the same thing | |
what does a white line in a candlestick chart represent | a white line in a candlestick chart represents a closing with a higher price than the open but without much price fluctuation during the period candles are taller when there is a greater price spread so when a candle is flat and looks like a line it is because of nominal price movement during the period the bottom line... | |
what is white collar | a white collar worker typically works in an office setting performing administrative or managerial tasks this class of workers stands in contrast to blue collar workers who traditionally perform manual labor at their jobs understanding white collarwhite collar workers are suit and tie workers who work at a desk and ste... | |
what is white collar crime | white collar crime is a nonviolent crime often characterized by deceit or concealment to obtain or avoid losing money or property or to gain a personal or business advantage examples of white collar crimes include securities fraud embezzlement corporate fraud and money laundering entities that investigate white collar ... | |
what are well known securities fraud cases investigated by the fbi | examples of cases of securities fraud are the enron tyco adelphia and worldcom scandals | |
what are the penalties for white collar crime | if convicted an individual may be sentenced to time in county jail state prison or federal prison depending on the severity of the crime additionally fines may be imposed as well as required restitution to the victim who investigates securities fraud allegations of securities fraud are investigated by the securities an... | |
what are anti money laundering rules used in banking | many companies especially those involved in finance and banking have anti money laundering aml rules in place to detect and prevent money laundering for banks compliance starts with verifying the identity of new clients a process sometimes called know your client kyc and customer due diligence detects money laundering ... | |
what is intellectual property theft | intellectual property theft is a white collar crime that robs people or companies of their ideas inventions and creative expressions known as intellectual property and may include trade secrets and proprietary products or movies music and software the bottom linesecurities fraud embezzlement corporate fraud and money l... | |
what is a white elephant | a white elephant is something whose cost of upkeep is not in line with its usefulness or value from an investment perspective the term refers to an asset property or business that is so expensive to operate and maintain that it is extremely difficult to actually make a profit from it white elephants also tend to be ill... | |
what is a white knight | a white knight is a defense strategy used by a target firm that doesn t want to be acquired in a hostile takeover rather it seeks out a white knight a friendly individual or corporation that buys it at fair consideration just before being taken over by the unfriendly bidder an acquisition by a white knight is preferred... | |
how a white knight works | takeovers can be friendly or uninvited when the acquiring company tries to assume control of another with the consent of the target s board of directors the takeover is considered hostile the acquiring company may use certain strategies to try to gain control but the target also has a few tricks it can use to prevent a... | |
what s the difference between a white knight and poison pill | white knights and poison pills are two defensive strategies that target firms can use to avoid being taken over by an unfriendly acquirer a white knight involves a friendly investor or company who makes a better offer to purchase the target and prevent the unfriendly bidder from gaining control a poison pill on the oth... | |
what is a hostile takeover | a hostile takeover is a type of acquisition that occurs when a company tries to gain control over another without the approval of the target s board the target firm which doesn t want to be purchased may do what it can to prevent being acquired this includes using defensive strategies such as white knights and poison p... | |
what are some defense strategies against hostile takeovers | target firms that face hostile takeovers have different strategies available to them including the white knight poison pill golden parachute crown jewel or a pac man defense the bottom lineas the name implies a white knight defense involves a savior who comes in to save a company from being acquired by an unfriendly bi... |
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