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what is a hash in cryptography | a hash is a mathematical function that converts a variable input to a deterministic hexadecimal number the bottom linein a cryptocurrency blockchain a hash is a deterministic hexadecimal number this means that no matter how many characters the input has the hash will always be the same number of characters for instance... | |
what is a hashed timelock contract htlc | a hashed timelock contract htlc is a type of smart contract used in blockchain applications it reduces counterparty risk by creating a time based escrow that requires a cryptographic passphrase for unlocking in practical terms this means that the person receiving the funds in a transaction has to perform two actions to... | |
what is a timelock contract | a timelock contract is a smart contract embedded in a blockchain that executes a transaction at a specific time they are used in hashed timelock contracts and payment channels where specific payment times are needed | |
does bitcoin have smart contracts | initially bitcoin s blockchain was not able to execute smart contracts however the taproot upgrade in 2021 allowed the blockchain to use smart contracts in transactions 5 | |
what is a smart contract | a smart contract is a program stored on a blockchain that executes when specific conditions are met | |
how much does a smart contract cost | on the ethereum blockchain a smart contract deployment takes gas which costs gwei a lower denomination of ether depending on the complexity of the contract it can cost billions of gwei to deploy a smart contract less complex contracts like a simple exchange are much cheaper 6investing in cryptocurrencies and other init... | |
what is hashgraph consensus | hashgraph consensus is an alternative to or the next generation of the technology behind blockchain consensus mechanisms instead of using the computational power of large networks to verify transactions transactions are recorded and confirmed via a protocol that uses node communication a hashgraph is a decentralized le... | |
how is hashgraph different from blockchain | hashgraph is a data structure that maintains the records of who told who what and in what order they did so it is a collaborative history of gossip events as participants add and share information which validates transactions much faster than a blockchain blockchain adds previous transaction information to new transact... | |
what is hashgraph consensus | hashgraph consensus is a mechanism used in a hashgraph distributed ledger to validate transactions | |
how does hashgraph consensus work | hashgraph consensus works using consensus timestamps and gossip in which each node communicates everything it knows to random nodes in gossip events will hashgraph replace blockchain hashgraph is designed to be and marketed as an improvement on blockchain technology but whether it will replace it remains to be seen it ... | |
what is hawala | hawala is an informal method of transferring money without any physical money actually moving it is described as a money transfer without money movement another definition is simply trust hawala is used today as an alternative remittance channel that exists outside of traditional banking systems transactions between ha... | |
how does hawala work let s say maryam needs to send 200 to amir who lives in another country she will approach a hawaladar nasir and give him the amount of money she wants amir to receive including the details of the transaction the name of the recipient city and password | nasir contacts a hawala dealer in the recipient s city muhammed and asks him to give amir 200 on the condition that amir correctly states the password muhammed transfers the money to amir from his own account minus commission and nasir will owe muhammed 200 the transaction initiated by maryam and concluded by amir s re... | |
is hawala illegal | hawala trades are illegal in the u s and many other countries because financial regulations require money services businesses to obtain appropriate licenses and follow anti money laundering laws | |
what is hawala money | hawala money is funds that are transferred using the hawala system in which no actual movement of funds from one account to another account happens no paper trail is created and no promissory notes exist | |
what is the punishment for hawala in india | the punishment for hawala in india is | |
is hawala legal in dubai | hawala is legal in dubai as long as the hawala provider is registered with the united arab emirates central bank and abides by the regulations that exist 8the bottom linehawala is an informal funds transfer system that allows for the shifting of money from one person to another without the actual movement of money it i... | |
what is an inflation hawk | an inflation hawk also known in economic jargon as a hawk is a policymaker or advisor who is predominantly concerned with the potential impact of interest rates as they relate to monetary policy | |
what does it mean to be hawkish hawks are seen as willing to allow interest rates to rise in order to keep inflation under control even if it means sacrificing economic growth consumer spending and employment | a hawk can be contrasted with a dove investopedia candra huffunderstanding inflation hawksa hawk generally favors relatively higher interest rates if they are needed to keep inflation in check in other words hawks are less concerned with economic growth and more focused on the potential of recessionary pressure brought... | |
why is it called hawkish | hawks and hawkish policy are more aggressive in nature whether in terms of monetary policy or military stance during a potential conflict it is named after hawks the aggressive birds of prey the opposite are a dove and dovish policies seen as more meek or conservative these epitomize peaceful symbolism can hawks become... | |
how are interest rates determined | at eight annual meetings a group from the fed examines economic indicators such as the consumer price index cpi and the producer price index ppi and determines if interest rates should go up or down or stay the same those who support high rates are hawks while those who favor low rates are labeled doves high interest r... | |
what is the hawthorne effect | the hawthorne effect is the supposed inclination of people who are the subjects of an experiment or study to change or improve the behavior being evaluated only because it is being studied and not because of changes in the experiment parameters or stimulus it was first identified by organizational researchers in the 19... | |
how the hawthorne effect works | the hawthorne effect refers to the fact that people will modify their behavior simply because they are being observed the effect gets its name from one of the most famous industrial history experiments that took place at western electric s factory in the hawthorne suburb of chicago in the late 1920s and early 1930s how... | |
is the hawthorne effect real | while the hawthorne effect is taught in business schools and sociology courses around the world recent scholarship has begun to question its validity according to scientific american out of the first three original experiments only one showed improved productivity the second found no improved productivity and in the th... | |
why is it called the hawthorne effect | the name comes from where the original studies took place in a factory complex known as the hawthorne works outside of chicago il | |
what were some of the flaws of the original hawthorne study | scholars have identified several flaws in the studies that led to the hawthorne effect for one the sample size was very small just five individual workers moreover the members of the sample changed over time the researchers conducting the study were not blinded and so could have been biased the data collected even if i... | |
what is hazard insurance | hazard insurance is coverage that protects a property owner against damage caused by fires severe storms hail sleet or other natural events as long as the specific weather event is covered within the policy the property owner will receive compensation to cover the cost of any damage incurred 1depending on the policy th... | |
how hazard insurance works | hazard coverage is usually a subsection of a homeowners insurance policy that protects the main dwelling and other nearby structures such as a garage hazard insurance financially protects a property owner against physical damage to the property structures caused by sudden perils 1the events that can damage your home an... | |
is hazard insurance the same as homeowners insurance | hazard insurance is usually the part of your homeowners insurance policy that covers the physical structures such as your home and garage the policy provides financial compensation for covered damages including fire wind and snow your homeowners insurance includes hazard coverage plus it covers your personal belongings... | |
what is the difference between hazard insurance and private mortgage insurance | hazard insurance helps the homeowner financially by paying you compensation if damage occurs to the home s physical structure from a covered event private mortgage insurance pmi protects the mortgage lender if you default on your payments can i remove hazard insurance from my mortgage if you have a mortgage loan you wi... | |
what is the hazard rate | the hazard rate refers to the rate of death for an item of a given age x it is part of a larger equation called the hazard function which analyzes the likelihood that an item will survive to a certain point in time based on its survival to an earlier time t in other words it is the likelihood that if something survives... | |
what is the difference between the failure rate and hazard rate | the hazard rate and failure rate are essentially the same thing failure rate is basically another way to say hazard rate | |
what is the hazard rate used for | the hazard rate seeks to determine the chances of survival of its subject at a certain time point it can effectively be applied to any item with a set lifetime and is commonly used in engineering medicine and insurance | |
what is the bathtub hazard rate curve | the bathtub curve is a visual representation of the typical failure rate of a product or group of products over time the bathtub image maps out three distinct periods the initial downward slope also known as infant mortality represents the timeframe when the product is first used and goes from a high failure occurrence... | |
what is a hazardous activity | hazardous activity refers to a recreational pursuit that life or disability insurance policy considers high risk the activities are not typically covered by insurance as they carry an increased potential for injury or loss hazardous activities include scuba diving base jumping hang gliding race car driving flying a pla... | |
what is considered high risk for life insurance | high risk activities are a concern for life insurers because they can cause an untimely death for someone who is insured earlier than actuarial models would otherwise predict such activities may include piloting aircraft paragliding bungee jumping scuba diving racing cars off roading and so on the exact activities will... | |
what is a high risk policy | high risk policies insure individuals that are more likely to have a claim whether it be an aggressive driver or an ill individual such policies will be at a higher cost and may have certain other limitations | |
what can disqualify you from life insurance | you may not be approved for life insurance during the underwriting process if they deem you to be too high of a risk this can come from a combination of lifestyle health family history and financial situation in addition if you are found to be lying on your insurance application it will disqualify you from coverage | |
what is the head and shoulders pattern | a head and shoulders pattern is used in technical analysis it is a specific chart formation that predicts a bullish to bearish trend reversal the pattern appears as a baseline with three peaks where the outside two are close in height and the middle is highest the head and shoulders pattern forms when a stock s price r... | |
what does the head and shoulders pattern tell you | the head and shoulders pattern indicates that a reversal is possible 1 traders believe that three sets of peaks and troughs with a larger peak in the middle means a stock s price will begin falling the neckline represents the point at which bearish traders start selling the pattern also indicates that the new downward ... | |
what does a head and shoulders pattern tell you | the head and shoulders chart is said to depict a bullish to bearish trend reversal and signals that an upward trend is nearing its end investors consider it to be one of the most reliable trend reversal patterns | |
how reliable is a head and shoulders pattern | the most common entry point is a breakout of the neckline with a stop above market top or below market bottom the right shoulder the profit target is the difference between the high and low with the pattern added market bottom or subtracted market top from the breakout price the system is not perfect but it does provid... | |
what is the opposite of a head and shoulders pattern | the inverse head and shoulders pattern is the opposite of the head and shoulders indicating a reversal from a bearish trend to a bullish trend the bottom linethe head and shoulders is a pattern used by traders to identify price reversals a bearish head and shouders has three peaks with the middle one reaching higher th... | |
what is a head fake trade | a head fake trade occurs when a security s price moves in one direction but then reverses course and moves in the opposite direction the head fake trade gets its name from a tactic used by a basketball or football player to confuse the opposition leading with their head to pretend that they are moving in one direction ... | |
how can i tell if price is moving in a new direction or if it s just a head fake | head fake trades usually only last a short period of time perhaps an hour or a day if the price move coincided with a break of key technical significance and that technical level is subsequently regained you re very likely looking at a head fake move that s why it s important to keep stop loss orders tight if you have ... | |
what causes a head fake price move | typically a head fake move will involve a test of important technical support or resistance such as trendline support in an uptrend or a test of key moving averages these technical levels are made to be tested and frequently stop loss orders to buy sell are placed around that price level if the price move tests or brea... | |
how much should i risk on going with a move that might be a head fake | by definition a head fake is countertrend so you need to be prepared with tight stop losses in case it is in fact a head fake in terms of how much to risk a quarter to a half of your usual position is conservative and reasonable to go with a potential head fake set up due to the tenuous nature of the scenario that way ... | |
what is head of household hoh | filing your tax return using the head of household hoh filing status provides a higher standard deduction and lower tax rates but there are numerous qualifying rules you must support and provide a home for a qualifying dependent and you must be considered unmarried and pay more than half the cost of supporting your hom... | |
should i claim single or head of household status | it s almost always better to file as head of household hoh filers have a lower tax rate and higher standard deductions than single filers 5 | |
what is the standard deduction for head of household | the portion of income not subject to tax for heads of households is 21 900 in 2024 that s an increase from 20 800 for the 2023 tax year 38the bottom linehead of household hoh filing status can be claimed by unmarried taxpayers who support and house a qualifying person you must file a separate individual tax return be c... | |
what is a head trader | a head trader is the manager of a trading business responsible for the positions risk and ultimately the profitability of that business in a registered securities firm the head trader supervises all traders and other personnel within their purview and may also trade themselves most notably the head trader is charged wi... | |
what is a headhunter | a headhunter is a company or individual that provides employment recruiting services on behalf of an employer headhunters are hired by firms to find talent and to locate individuals who meet specific job requirements headhunters may also be referred to as executive recruiters and the function they perform is often call... | |
how headhunters are paid | headhunters typically only make money when they are successful in placing a candidate in a job independent third party recruiters are often paid on contingency meaning they do not get paid unless their candidate is hired the typical fee is 20 to 30 of a new hire s total first year salary as headhunters work for the emp... | |
what should you look for in a headhunter | the quality and helpfulness of headhunters vary here are some characteristics to look for and avoid | |
what percentage do headhunters get | a typical commission for a headhunter is about 20 30 of a new hire s initial annual salary but this may vary depending on the industry and qualifications that the employer is looking for for management executives a typical commission is in a higher range of 25 35 for senior level executives the commission may be higher... | |
what are the alternatives to recruiting through headhunters | for companies trying to recruit talent the main alternative to headhunters or recruiting firms is to recruit their own talent either through an in house recruiting department or by networking in house recruitment is more common at larger firms which have enough turnover to justify employing several full time profession... | |
what s the difference between a headhunter and a recruiter | headhunters and recruiters are both recruiting professionals who seek to find job candidates for open positions the main difference is the positions they fill headhunters typically seek to fill high level executive positions while recruiters seek a wider variety of technical qualifications recruiters also seek people w... | |
what are headline earnings | headline earnings refer to a method of reporting corporate earnings based entirely on operational trading and capital investment activities achieved during the previous period excluded from the headline earnings figure are profits or losses associated with the sale or termination of discontinued operations fixed assets... | |
what is the headline effect | the headline effect refers to the effect that negative news in the popular press has on a corporation or an economy many economists believe that negative news headlines make consumers more reluctant to spend money understanding the headline effectwhether it is justified or not the investing public s reaction to a headl... | |
what is headline inflation | headline inflation is the raw inflation figure reported through the consumer price index cpi that is released monthly by the bureau of labor statistics bls the cpi calculates the cost to purchase a fixed basket of goods to determine how much inflation is occurring in the broad economy the cpi uses a base year and index... | |
what is headline risk | headline risk is the possibility that a news story will adversely affect the price of an investment such as a stock or commodity headline risk can also impact the performance of a specific sector or the entire stock market understanding headline riskheadline risk is the risk that a news headline or story can influence ... | |
what is a heads of agreement | a heads of agreement is a non binding document that outlines the basic terms of a tentative partnership agreement or transaction also known as a heads of terms or letter of intent a heads of agreement marks the first step on the path to a full legally binding agreement or contract and a guideline for the roles and resp... | |
what is health insurance | health insurance is a contract between a company and a consumer the company agrees to pay all or some of the insured person s healthcare costs in return for payment of a monthly premium the contract is usually a one year agreement during which you are responsible for paying specific expenses related to illness injury p... | |
how health insurance works | in the united states health insurance is tricky to navigate it is a business with a number of regional and national competitors whose coverage pricing and availability vary from state to state and even by county about half of the u s population has health insurance coverage as an employment benefit with premiums partia... | |
what are copays deductibles and coinsurance | most health insurance plans require their customers to pick up some of the costs of their coverage in various ways insurance plans with higher out of pocket costs generally have smaller monthly premiums when shopping for plans weigh the benefit of lower monthly payments against the potential risk of large out of pocket... | |
what is health insurance and why do you need it | health insurance is an agreement in which an insurance company agrees to pay for some or all of your medical expenses in exchange for a monthly premium payment you need it to ensure you can pay for any medical bills while staying in good financial health who needs health insurance everyone needs health insurance health... | |
how do you get health insurance | if your employer offers health insurance as part of an employee benefits package you will be covered although you will probably have to pay a portion of the costs if you are self employed you can purchase health insurance through a federal or state health insurance marketplace people over the age of 65 qualify for fede... | |
how much does health insurance cost | the cost of health insurance varies widely based on the scope of coverage the type of plan you have the deductible and your age when you sign up copays and coinsurance also add to your expenses you can get a good sense of the costs of plans by looking at the four levels of coverage offered by the federal health insuran... | |
what is the aca health insurance marketplace | the health insurance marketplace is a platform that offers insurance plans to individuals families and small businesses the affordable care act aca established the marketplace as a means to extend health insurance coverage to millions of uninsured americans many states offer their own marketplaces while the federal gov... | |
what is the health insurance portability and accountability act hipaa | the health insurance portability and accountability act hipaa is an act created by the u s congress in 1996 that amends both the employee retirement income security act erisa and the public health service act phsa hipaa was enacted in an effort to protect individuals covered by health insurance and to set standards for... | |
how the health insurance portability and accountability act hipaa works | the health insurance portability and accountability act hipaa ensures that individual health care plans are accessible portable and renewable and it sets the standards and the methods for how medical data is shared across the u s health system in order to prevent fraud it preempts state law unless the state s regulatio... | |
what is a health maintenance organization hmo | an individual who needs to secure health insurance may find a variety of insurance providers with unique features one type of insurance provider that is popular on the health insurance marketplace is a health maintenance organization hmo an insurance structure that provides coverage through a network of physicians ther... | |
how a health maintenance organization hmo works | hmos provide health insurance coverage for a monthly or annual fee an hmo limits member coverage to medical care provided through a network of doctors and other healthcare providers who are under contract with the hmo these contracts allow for premiums to be lower than for traditional health insurance since the healthc... | |
when deciding whether to choose an hmo plan you should take into consideration | an hmo is an organized public or private entity that provides basic and supplemental health services to its subscribers the organization secures its network of health providers by entering into contracts with pcps clinical facilities and specialists the medical entities that enter into contracts with the hmo are paid a... | |
what are examples of hmos | almost every major insurance company provides an hmo plan for instance cigna and humana provide their own versions of the hmo aetna offers individuals two options the aetna hmo and the aetna health network only plan 12 | |
what are the benefits of an hmo | the main benefits are cost and quality of care people who purchase hmo plans benefit from lower premiums than traditional forms of health insurance this allows insured parties to get a higher quality of care from providers who are contracted with the organization hmos typically come with low or no deductibles and charg... | |
what is the difference between an hmo and health insurance | coverage under an hmo is generally pretty restrictive and comes at a lower cost to insured parties traditional health insurance on the other hand charges higher premiums higher deductibles and higher co pays but health insurance plans are much more flexible people with health insurance don t need to have a primary care... | |
what is health plan categories | federal health plan categories refer to the four types of health insurance plans that are differentiated based on the average percentage of healthcare expenses that will be paid by the plan in the united states health insurance plans are offered in four actuarial levels bronze silver gold and platinum the level defines... | |
what is a health reimbursement arrangement hra | a health reimbursement arrangement hra is an employer funded plan that reimburses employees for qualified medical expenses and in some cases insurance premiums employers are allowed to claim a tax deduction for the reimbursements they make through these plans and reimbursement dollars received by employees are generall... | |
how a health reimbursement arrangement hra works | a health reimbursement arrangement is a plan set up by an employer to cover medical expenses for its employees the employer decides how much it will put into the plan and the employee can request reimbursement for actual medical expenses incurred up to that amount all employees in the same class must receive the same h... | |
is set up by the employer who decides how much money goes into the plan | can t withdraw funds first then pay expenses must pay first and then wait to get reimbursedhealth reimbursement arrangements vs other arrangementsan employee with both an fsa and an hra and an expense that is eligible to be reimbursed through both plans can t choose which will cover the expense instead the costs will b... | |
how can i use hra funds | your employer determines the types of medical expenses that an hra can be used for some plans can only reimburse services in your health plan while others might include dental vision or pharmacy services hras often but do not always reimburse other expenses such as copays hospital expenses medical equipment eyeglasses ... | |
what is a hra in health insurance | a health reimbursement arrangement hra is an employer s plan to cover employee medical expenses it pays employees in tax free money to reimburse for medical costs 1 | |
how does a hra work | the employer determines the amount of money that will go into the plan and the employee can ask to be reimbursed for qualified medical expenses up to the designated amount employers can take a tax deduction for the reimbursements made through these plans and the reimbursements given to employees are usually tax free 21 | |
what is a hra vs a hsa | a health reimbursement arrangement hra is a benefit used to pay employees back in tax free money for certain qualified medical expenses and health coverage premiums 1a health savings account hsa is a tax advantaged account used by individuals covered under a high deductible health plan hdhp looking to save up to cover ... | |
what qualifies for hra reimbursement | examples of medical and dental expenses considered necessary might be an annual check up prescriptions or substance abuse treatment 13the bottom linea health reimbursement arrangement hra is a tax advantaged plan that employers use to reimburse employees for certain approved medical and dental expenses the employer det... | |
what is a health savings account hsa | a health savings account hsa is a tax advantaged account created for or by individuals covered under high deductible health plans hdhps to save for qualified medical expenses contributions are made into the account by the individual or their employer and are limited to a maximum amount each year the contributions to an... | |
how an hsa works | as mentioned above people with hdhps can open hsas individuals with hdhps may qualify for hsas and the two are usually paired together to qualify for a health savings account hsa you must meet eligibility standards established by the internal revenue service irs to be eligible you must 1the maximum contribution for an ... | |
when you pay qualified medical expenses equal to a plan s deductible amount additional qualified expenses are divided between you and the plan | for example the insurer may cover a percentage of the qualified expenses per the contract usually 80 to 90 while you may pay the remaining 10 to 20 or a specified co pay so if you had an annual deductible of 1 600 in 2023 and a medical claim of 3 500 pays the first 1 600 to cover the annual deductible you would pay 10 ... | |
what is a healthcare power of attorney | a healthcare power of attorney hcpa is a legal document that allows an individual to empower another person to make decisions about their medical care a healthcare power of attorney refers to both a legal document and a specific person with legal authority understanding healthcare power of attorneythe healthcare power ... | |
why would someone want or need an hcpa | imagine that you are the sick person cited above not only are you sick but you re also debilitated you can t speak or move and possibly can t even think what might this look like you might be in such terrible pain that you literally cannot speak maybe you are unconscious as the result of an accident perhaps you are a t... | |
when the patient owner of the hcpa becomes too ill to communicate their wishes about their medical care to others the hcpa becomes activated meaning that the person you named in the document has the power to make life and death decisions about and for you now hcpa refers to both the hcpa document and the person you nam... | an hcpa could say to my doctors for example if carla cannot breathe on her own then she does not want any life saving measures to be taken for her aside from specific directives like this one you can include in your hcpa filing more general insights such as your religious beliefs morals and basic ethical values choosin... | |
how to set up an hcpa | to appoint someone as your healthcare power of attorney you may fill out a form that names the individual along with any stipulations that you wish them to have regarding your medical care the form will also list any special requests you may have such as asking for a do not resuscitate dnr order and avoiding interventi... | |
what is the healthcare sector | the healthcare sector consists of businesses that provide medical services manufacture medical equipment or drugs provide medical insurance or otherwise facilitate the provision of healthcare to patients understanding the healthcare sectorthe healthcare sector is one of the largest and most complex in the u s economy a... | |
a heating degree day hdd is a measurement designed to quantify the demand for energy needed to heat a building it is the number of degrees that a day s average temperature is below 65o fahrenheit 18o celsius which is the temperature below which buildings need to be heated the price of weather derivatives traded in the ... | basics of heating degree day hddwhile hdd can describe the overall need for heating as part of the planning for residential or commercial buildings it is critical for the pricing of weather futures in turn that creates a risk management tool that utility agriculture construction and other firms can use to hedge their a... | |
how to calculate heating degree day hdd | there are several ways to calculate hdd the more detailed a record of temperature data the more accurate the hdd calculation for all methods if the value for any given day is less than or equal to zero that day has zero hdd but if the value is positive that number represents the hdd on that day a similar measurement co... | |
what is the heath jarrow morton hjm model | the heath jarrow morton model hjm model is used to model forward interest rates these rates are then modeled to an existing term structure of interest rates to determine appropriate prices for interest rate sensitive securities formula for the hjm modelin general the hjm model and those that are built on its framework ... | |
what does the hjm model tell you | a heath jarrow morton model is very theoretical and is used at the most advanced levels of financial analysis it is used mainly by arbitrageurs seeking arbitrage opportunities as well as analysts pricing derivatives the hjm model predicts forward interest rates with the starting point being the sum of what s known as d... | |
what is a heatmap | a heatmap is a two dimensional visual representation of data using colors where the colors all represent different values a heatmap can be used with all sorts of data from the real estate market representing the number of foreclosures to the spreads of credit default swaps cds to webpage analysis reflecting the number ... | |
what is heavy industry | heavy industry relates to a type of business that typically carries a high capital cost capital intensive high barriers to entry and low transportability the term heavy refers to the fact that the items produced by heavy industry used to be products such as iron coal oil ships etc today the reference also refers to ind... | |
how heavy industry works | transportation and construction along with their upstream manufacturing supply businesses comprised most heavy industry throughout the industrial age along with some capital intensive manufacturing traditional examples from the industrial revolution through the early 20th century included steelmaking artillery producti... |
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