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what is a home office | a home office is a space designated in a person s residence for official business purposes it provides a space for those that are self employed or work remotely for an employer the irs allows qualified taxpayers to claim a home office on their tax return and deduct certain home expenses when they file taxes | |
what is a home office expense | home office expenses are expenses incurred from the operation of a business or the performance of employment related activities within a primary residence understanding home office expenseshome office expenses allow individuals to deduct some housing expenses such as utilities interest paid towards the property s mortg... | |
how to calculate home office expenses | there are two ways the irs says you can calculate how much of your home constitutes a home office and how much of your incurred expenses are deductible the first way the regular method is to calculate your actual expenses the second way is called the simplified method which is faster but may not yield as many deduction... | |
what is a home warranty | a home warranty is a residential service contract that covers the cost of maintaining household systems or appliances for a set period a home warranty is different from homeowners insurance and it is different than a structural warranty which is used by home builders and buyers and not used for existing homes | |
when an appliance or system is damaged the homeowner contacts the home warranty provider the warranty company usually works in unison with one or more home service providers such as plumbing or electrical contractors after being notified of a claim the warranty company requests the services from one of its partnered pr... | the assessment report reveals the extent and potential causes of damage to the appliance the home warranty company confirms if the policyholder s contract covers the appliance or system for the assessed damage if approved the warrantor employs the contractor to repair or replace the system a home warranty plan sometime... | |
when purchasing a home the buyer may not know how well the previous owners maintained and managed the components of the home information on the age of household appliances or their useful life in years may not be available at the time of purchase | also the search for an expert handyman or service provider may be time consuming for the homeowner limited time and the high costs of paying for damage or replacing multiple components of the home are two main reasons that homebuyers purchase home warranties home warranty qualificationshome warranty providers may deny ... | |
is a home warranty for my home | no a home warranty isn t a warranty on your house but covers the appliances in your home such as a refrigerator | |
do i have to buy a warranty for my home | unlike homeowners insurance you do not have to purchase a warranty on appliances in your home however if you purchase an older home where appliances are dated you may want to consider replacing them or purchasing a home warranty policy | |
what is a residential service contract | a residential service contract is another name for a home warranty which protects your homes systems and appliances if they break during the period that is protected by the warranty | |
what are homemade dividends | homemade dividends are a form of investment income generated from the sale of a portion of an individual s investment portfolio these assets differ from the traditional dividends that a company s board of directors distributes to certain classes of shareholders understanding homemade dividendsthe ability of investors t... | |
what is homemade leverage | homemade leverage is used by an individual investor to artificially adjust the leverage of a company an individual investing in a company with no leverage can recreate the effect of leverage using homemade leverage which includes taking out personal loans on the investment however differences in the tax rate between th... | |
how homemade leverage works | the use of leverage increases the potential for returns while increasing the riskiness of an investment companies that utilize leverage may be able to generate a more substantial return for shareholders all else equal than a company that does not employ leverage however investment in leveraged companies may be riskier ... | |
what is a homeowners association hoa | a homeowners association hoa is an organization in a subdivision planned community or condominium building that makes and enforces rules for the properties and residents those who purchase property within an hoa s jurisdiction automatically become members and are required to pay dues which are known as hoa fees some as... | |
how homeowners associations hoas work | homeowners associations hoas are usually formed within communities or neighborhoods of single family homes or multiple unit buildings such as townhomes or condominiums an hoa is typically established to make and enforce rules regarding the properties within the jurisdiction hoas are composed of and run by the community... | |
what does a homeowners association hoa cover | a homeowners association hoa is an organization tasked with governing the affairs of a real estate development owned by multiple parties such as an apartment building hoas are responsible for tasks such as ensuring building maintenance deciding on whether to pursue larger renovation projects and drafting enforcing the ... | |
what are the pros and cons of belonging to an hoa | hoas can benefit individual owners by providing necessary management services for example without an hoa the owners of an apartment building would need to coordinate among themselves to decide on common problems such as building wide garbage removal building repairs and community policies this could be very time consum... | |
what legal powers does an hoa have | individual hoas have different levels of legal powers depending on how they were designed however hoas generally have the legal authority to create and enforce community policies such as whether to allow smoking pets or rentals in the building hoas also decide on budgets for the building and have the authority to charg... | |
what is a homeowners association hoa fee | the term homeowners association hoa fee refers to an amount of money that must be paid by certain types of residential property owners every month to their homeowners associations hoas these fees are collected to assist the association with maintaining and improving properties hoa fees are almost always levied on condo... | |
what do homeowners association hoa fees normally cover | hoa fees typically cover the costs of maintaining common areas such as lobbies patios landscaping swimming pools tennis courts a community clubhouse and elevators in many cases the fees cover some common utilities such as water sewer fees and garbage disposal the association may also levy special assessments from time ... | |
what is the average range for hoa fees | hoa fees vary drastically but some estimates claim these fees range from 100 to 1 000 per month with the average ranging from 200 to 300 the amount of an hoa fee varies based on the type of property and the amenities it provides the more services and amenities the higher the fees in some cases owners face higher fees w... | |
what happens if someone doesn t pay their hoa fees | property owners who don t pay their monthly or annual fees as well as any special assessments may face action by the hoa these actions depend on the contract between the hoa and the homeowner some allow the hoa to charge late fees while others allow them to initiate a lawsuit place a lien on the property or foreclose o... | |
why are hoa fees higher in some areas | since hoa fees pay for the amenities and maintenance in a community those prices will vary from place to place in high cost of living cities like new york city even basic maintenance will be more expensive than in low cost of living cities because of higher minimum wages power costs and or taxes hoa fees may also be hi... | |
what is homeowners insurance | homeowners insurance is a form of property insurance that covers losses and damages to your residence along with furnishings and other assets in the home homeowners insurance also provides liability coverage against accidents in the home or on the property | |
how homeowners insurance works | a homeowners insurance policy usually covers four kinds of incidents on the insured property interior damage exterior damage loss or damage of personal assets belongings and injury that occurs while on the property when a claim is made on any of these incidents the homeowner will typically be required to pay a deductib... | |
when you apply for a mortgage you re usually required to provide proof of insurance on the property before the banks will loan you funds the property insurance can be acquired separately or by the lending bank | if you want to get your own insurance policy you can compare multiple offers and pick the plan that works best for your needs if you don t have your property covered from loss or damages the bank may get one for you at an extra cost payments made toward a homeowners insurance policy are usually included in the monthly ... | |
what does homeowners insurance cover | homeowners insurance generally covers a wide range of potential damages to your home other structures on your land personal property and your liability for injuries others sustain on your property policies typically cover losses due to such causes as fire lightning high winds and vandalism however coverages vary widely... | |
does homeowners insurance cover floods | flooding caused by internal problems such as a leaking bathroom pipe is typically covered by homeowners insurance however if the damage is caused by a natural cause outside the home such as flash flooding a basic policy will not usually cover the loss often you can purchase supplemental flood insurance at an additional... | |
how much does home insurance typically cost | home insurance premiums average about 1 300 a year across the nation however rates for individual policies can vary significantly depending on your location coverage limits credit score insurance company state regulations and other factors while location is one of the most important factors insurers also look at the co... | |
what is the homeowners protection act | the homeowners protection act of 1998 is a law designed to reduce the unnecessary payment of private mortgage insurance pmi by homeowners who may no longer be required to pay it the homeowners protection act covers all private residential mortgages purchased after july 29 1999 the act also known as the pmi cancellation... | |
what is a homestead exemption | a homestead exemption is a legal provision that shields a home from some creditors following the death of a homeowner s spouse or the declaration of bankruptcy and minimizes property taxes for homeowners | |
how to qualify for homestead exemption | the homestead tax exemption can provide surviving spouses with ongoing property tax relief on a graduated scale so homes with lower assessed values benefit the most the homestead exemption is designed to offer both physical shelter and financial protection blocking the forced sale of a primary residence individuals may... | |
do homestead exemptions only apply to a primary residence | homeowners must occupy the property as their permanent residence to qualify for a homestead exemption | |
where do individuals apply for a homestead exemption | a county or local tax assessor s website or office will provide details on available homestead tax exemptions some states require an application available online and have deadlines | |
what states have homestead exemptions | most states have homestead exemptions except new jersey and pennsylvania some states have other homestead laws such as provisions that protect surviving spouses from creditors the bottom linethe homestead exemption provides an exemption from property taxes on a primary residence and protects the value from creditors an... | |
what is homo economicus | homo economicus is a theoretical abstraction that some economists use to describe a rational human being in certain neoclassical economic theories people are portrayed this way as ideal decision makers with complete rationality perfect access to information and consistent self interested goals understanding homo econom... | |
what is homogeneous expectations | homogeneous expectations refers to the assumption expressed in harry markowitz s modern portfolio theory mpt that all investors have the same expectations and make the same choices in a given situation understanding homogeneous expectationsmpt pioneered by harry markowitz in his 1952 paper portfolio selection is a nob... | |
what is homoskedastic | homoskedastic also spelled homoscedastic refers to a condition in which the variance of the residual or error term in a regression model is constant that is the error term does not vary much as the value of the predictor variable changes another way of saying this is that the variance of the data points is roughly the ... | |
how homoskedasticity works | homoskedasticity is one assumption of linear regression modeling and data of this type work well with the least squares method if the variance of the errors around the regression line varies much the regression model may be poorly defined the opposite of homoskedasticity is heteroskedasticity just as the opposite of ho... | |
when considering that variance is the measured difference between the predicted outcome and the actual outcome of a given situation determining homoskedasticity can help to determine which factors need to be adjusted for accuracy | further investigation may reveal other factors that impacted scores such as to improve on the regression model the researcher would have to try out other explanatory variables that could provide a more accurate fit to the data if for example some students had seen the answers ahead of time the regression model would th... | |
what does heteroskedasticity mean | heteroskedasticity in statistics is the error variance this is the dependence of scattering that occurs within a sample with a minimum of one independent variable this means that the standard deviation of a predictable variable is non constant | |
how can you tell if a regression is homoskedastic | you can tell if a regression is homoskedastic by looking at the ratio between the largest variance and the smallest variance if the ratio is 1 5 or smaller then the regression is homoskedastic | |
why is homoskedasticity important | homoskedasticity is important because it identifies dissimilarities in a population any variance in a population or sample that is not even will produce results that are skewed or biased making the analysis incorrect or worthless the bottom linein a linear regression model homoskedasticity occurs when the variance of t... | |
what is hong kong exchanges and clearing limited hkex | hong kong exchanges and clearing limited hkex is a publicly traded holding company based in hong kong hkex is one of the largest market operators in the world established in 2000 its subsidiaries include the hong kong stock exchange hkg hkex also manages four clearing houses in hong kong as well as the london metal exc... | |
what is china s largest stock exchanges | the largest stock exchange in china is the shanghai stock exchange sse it is also the country s oldest exchange the sse was founded in 1891 as the shanghai stock and sharebrokers association 11 as of january 2024 the sse had a market cap of 6 52 trillion usd with 2 263 listed companies 12 | |
how many stock exchanges operate in mainland china | three stock exchanges operate in mainland china the shanghai stock exchange is the largest of the three the other two exchanges are the shenzhen stock exchange and the beijing stock exchange which is owned by the national equities exchange and quotations 13 the hong kong stock exchange operates independently outside ma... | |
what is the world s largest stock exchange | the world s largest stock exchange is the new york stock exchange nyse the exchange had a market cap of 25 56 trillion as of january 2024 12the bottom linehong kong exchanges and clearing limited is a holding company that hong kong and china s financial markets to the rest of the world the company has several subsidiar... | |
what is the hong kong interbank offered rate hibor | the hong kong interbank offered rate known by its abbreviation hibor is the benchmark interest rate stated in hong kong dollars for lending between banks within the hong kong market the hibor is a reference rate for lenders and borrowers that participate directly or indirectly in the asian economy as of december 2020 p... | |
what is the hong kong monetary authority hkma | established in 1993 the hong kong monetary authority hkma acts to control inflation and maintain the stability of the hong kong dollar hkd and of the banking sector through its monetary policy 1 the hkma links the hkd to the u s dollar to help the hkd maintain a stable value 2 understanding the hong kong monetary autho... | |
what is the hong kong monetary authority investment portfolio | the hong kong monetary authority investment portfolio is an investment portfolio run by the hong kong monetary authority the authority is the sovereign wealth fund of the government of the hong kong special administrative region understanding the hong kong monetary authority investment portfolio hkma the investment por... | |
what is hong kong sar china | hong kong is the premier financial and business center in china and a regional financial leader hong kong is one of china s special administrative regions sars a sar is a relatively autonomous region within the people s republic of china that maintains separate legal administrative and judicial systems from the rest of... | |
what does that mean since july 1 1997 when the united kingdom transferred the sovereignty of hong kong to china hong kong has maintained a separate political and economic system from china democratic ish and capitalist and a separate currency the hong kong dollar hkd | hong kong retains independent executive legislative and judiciary powers in all matters other than military defense and foreign affairs english and chinese are the two official languages 2hong kong s economyhong kong was ranked as the world s freest economy in the heritage foundation s index of economic freedom from th... | |
what is the financial system of hong kong | hong kong is a large financial center with many banks and financial institutions the region has favorable tax laws and a strong financial market with its own stock market the currency the hong kong dollar is pegged to the u s dollar | |
what is hong kong ranked in the financial market | according to the global financial centres index 34 published in sept 2023 hong kong ranks fourth in a list of the top global financial centers behind new york london and singapore 16 | |
is hong kong financially stable | yes hong kong is financially stable despite protests and china s ever expanding grip to bring hong kong further under its laws hong kong remains a financially stable region the bottom linehong kong is one of the leading financial centers in the world and for a large part of its history was under british rule until it w... | |
what is the hong kong stock exchange hkg | the hong kong stock exchange hkg is a stock exchange based in hong kong known formally as the stock exchange hong kong the hong kong stock exchange is one of the world s largest securities markets by market capitalization it is owned and operated as a subsidiary of hong kong exchanges and clearing limited hkex which wa... | |
how can i invest in hong kong | there are several ways you can take advantage of hong kong s stock market and economy as an investor you can purchase shares exchange traded funds etfs and or mutual funds that hold hong kong securities in their portfolios american depositary receipts adrs of hong kong companies and index funds if you want to invest di... | |
what is an honorarium | an honorarium is a voluntary payment that is given to a person for services for which fees are not legally or traditionally required honoraria are typically used to help cover costs for volunteers or guest speakers and may be considered taxable income for example when a guest makes a speech at a conference they might r... | |
how an honorarium works | an honorarium is a different type of payment than a per diem which is a daily allowance paid to employees or consultants to cover business trip expenses like a hotel stay travel and food an honorarium is often provided for services meriting compensation that propriety prevents from requesting for example a world renown... | |
what is the scenario for an honorarium to be paid | an honorarium is often provided for services meriting compensation that propriety prevents from requesting who is usually paid an honorarium an honorarium is a payment given to guest speakers who don t charge a fee for their services it is often used in academic settings by universities | |
how is an honorarium treated tax wise | an honorarium is taxable organizations paying honoraria report them to both the speaker and the internal revenue service irs on a 1099 misc form if compensation is 600 or greater in one calendar year a speaker must report the honorarium as income even if they don t receive form 1099 the bottom linean honorarium is give... | |
what is a hook reversal | hook reversals are short term candlestick patterns that predict a reversal in the trend s direction the pattern occurs when a candlestick has a higher low and a lower high than the previous session s candlestick this pattern differs from engulfing patterns in that the size difference between the first and second bar s ... | |
how a hook reversal works | hook reversal patterns are popular candlestick patterns among active traders since they occur fairly frequently and are relatively easy to spot since the second candlestick changes to the opposite color the strength and reliability of the pattern often depends on the strength of the uptrend or downtrend that preceded i... | |
what was the hope credit | the hope credit or the hope scholarship tax credit was a nonrefundable education tax credit offered to eligible american taxpayers qualifying students could claim this tax credit for their first two years of postsecondary education 1the hope and other lifetime learning credits were enacted to encourage higher education... | |
when the hope credit was expanded and renamed the american opportunity tax credit a portion of the tax credit also became refundable this means if the credit brings the amount of tax the taxpayer owes to zero they can have 40 of the remaining amount of the credit up to 1 000 refunded to them 6 | special considerations education tax creditsthe american recovery and reinvestment act arra expanded the hope credit in 2009 this made the credit more accessible to parents and students 7 now more people qualify for the hope credit under the auspices of the american opportunity tax credit the aotc made the hope credit ... | |
what is hope now alliance | the term hope now alliance refers to a public private initiative that worked to combat home foreclosures that emerged from the subprime mortgage market meltdown the initiative was launched in 2007 and was comprised of members from the u s government the secondary mortgage market lenders mortgage backed securities mbs i... | |
what is horizon analysis | horizon analysis compares the projected discounted returns of a security or investment portfolio s total returns over several time frames or investment horizons understanding horizon analysishorizon analysis uses scenario analysis to estimate a more realistic expectation of an investment or portfolio s performance typi... | |
when investors have a longer investment horizon they can take on more risk since the market has many years to recover in the event of a pullback for example an investor with an investment horizon of 30 years would typically have most of their assets allocated to equities | beyond that an investor with a long time horizon may invest their assets in what are considered riskier types of equities such as mid cap and small cap stocks these types of stocks or sub asset classes tend to exhibit much larger price swings over short time periods than do large cap stocks because they tend to be less... | |
what is horizon analysis | horizon analysis compares the projected discounted returns of a security or investment portfolio s total returns over several time frames or investment horizons understanding horizon analysishorizon analysis uses scenario analysis to estimate a more realistic expectation of an investment or portfolio s performance typi... | |
when investors have a longer investment horizon they can take on more risk since the market has many years to recover in the event of a pullback for example an investor with an investment horizon of 30 years would typically have most of their assets allocated to equities | beyond that an investor with a long time horizon may invest their assets in what are considered riskier types of equities such as mid cap and small cap stocks these types of stocks or sub asset classes tend to exhibit much larger price swings over short time periods than do large cap stocks because they tend to be less... | |
what is horizontal analysis | horizontal analysis is used in financial statement analysis to compare historical data such as ratios or line items over a number of accounting periods horizontal analysis can either use absolute comparisons or percentage comparisons where the numbers in each succeeding period are expressed as a percentage of the amoun... | |
how horizontal analysis works | horizontal analysis allows investors and analysts to see what has been driving a company s financial performance over several years and to spot trends and growth patterns this type of analysis enables analysts to assess relative changes in different line items over time and project them into the future an analysis of t... | |
how to perform a horizontal analysis | a horizontal analysis is performed by following the three primary steps to perform a horizontal analysis you must first gather financial information of a single entity across periods of time most horizontal analysis entail pulling quarterly or annual financial statements though specific account balances can be pulled i... | |
is often used by management to drive strategic decision making | used to gauge a company s concentration or relationship between certain accountsrestates account balances to proportional percentages | |
is often used by investors or creditors to evaluate risk and corporate finance profiles | criticism of horizontal analysisdepending on which accounting period an analyst starts from and how many accounting periods are chosen the current period can be made to appear unusually good or bad for example the current period s profits may appear excellent when only compared with those of the previous quarter but ar... | |
what are the benefits of horizontal analysis | horizontal analysis is valuable because analysts assess past performance along with the company s current financial position or growth trends emerge and these can be used to project future performance horizontal analysis can also be used to benchmark a company with competitors in the same industry | |
how can an investor use horizontal analysis | investors can use horizontal analysis to determine the trends in a company s financial position and performance over time to determine whether they want to invest in that company however investors should combine horizontal analysis with vertical analysis and other techniques to get a true picture of a company s financi... | |
what is the difference between horizontal analysis and vertical analysis | the primary difference between vertical analysis and horizontal analysis is that vertical analysis is focused on the relationships between the numbers in a single reporting period or one moment in time horizontal analysis looks at certain line items ratios or factors over several periods to determine the extent of chan... | |
when can horizontal analysis be used | horizontal analysis is most useful when an entity has been established has strong record keeping capabilities and has traceable bits of historical information that can be dug into for more information as needed this type of analysis is more specific relevant for analyzing the value we maybe selling or acquiring the bot... | |
what is a horizontal channel | horizontal channels are trend lines that connect variable pivot highs and lows to show the price contained between the upper line of resistance and the lower line of support a horizontal channel is also known as a price range or sideways trend image by sabrina jiang investopedia 2021 | |
how a horizontal channel works | a horizontal channel or sideways trend has the appearance of a rectangle pattern it consists of at least four contact points this is because it needs at least two lows to connect as well as two highs buying and selling pressure is equal and the prevailing direction of price action is sideways horizontal channels form i... | |
what are horizontal levels in technical analysis | horizontal levels in technical analysis are price points where resistance or support previously occurred they allow traders to determine entry and exit points on their trades | |
what are the basic principles of technical analysis | the basic principles of technical analysis are trends entry exit signals indicators and patterns the bottom linehorizontal channels used in technical analysis provide traders with specific points of when to buy and sell they are clear to use and provide a systematic approach to trading typically occurring in times of p... | |
what is horizontal equity | horizontal equity is an economic theory that states that individuals with similar income and assets should pay the same amount in taxes horizontal equity should apply to individuals considered equal regardless of the tax system in place the more neutral a tax system is the more horizontally equitable it is considered t... | |
what is horizontal integration | horizontal integration is the acquisition of a business operating at the same level of the value chain in the same industry that is they make or offer similar goods or services this is in contrast to vertical integration where firms expand into upstream or downstream activities which are at different stages of producti... | |
when two companies merge two separate entities create a new joint organization the brand of one of those two companies is usually retained though the composition of operations and personnel is shared between both of the former individual companies in addition the product line of both companies is often similar and equa... | in a merger both companies are striving to become a larger presence in their existing market most mergers are of similar firms where integration of the two companies may be seamless due to the similarities between what the two former companies used to do similar to a merger an acquisition occurs when one company outrig... | |
what is the difference between horizontal integration and vertical integration | horizontal integration is the strategy of acquiring other companies that reside along a similar area of the supply chain for example a manufacturer may acquiring a competing manufacturing firm to better enhance its process labor force and equipment vertical integration occurs when a company acquires a company outside o... | |
what is the main advantage of horizontal integration | the main advantage of horizontal integration is the strategically focused decision to penetrate a specific section of a supply chain horizontal integration allows a company to potentially acquire a competitor gain greater insight into the market expand its product line or create economies of scale horizontal integratio... | |
why is horizontal integration important | horizontal integration is important because it allows a company to grow expand diversify and gather a larger market presence horizontal integration further enhances a company s current position in the market and instead of transitioning to widely different aspects of the supply chain it allows a company to become more ... | |
what is a horizontal line | in technical analysis a horizontal line is often drawn on a price chart to highlight areas of support or resistance in geometric analysis a horizontal line proceeds parallel to the x axis put another way on a perfectly horizontal line all values on the line will have the same y value understanding a horizontal linehori... | |
where a horizontal line is drawn is subjective not all traders may place the horizontal line at the same price | at highly important prices where a horizontal line may be drawn it is possible the price will whipsaw around it this could cause confusion or some potential losing trades until the price makes a more decisive move above or below the line | |
what is a horizontal market | a horizontal market is diversified so that the products created are able to meet the needs of more than one industry a horizontal market is one in which the output good or service is widely used and in wide demand and so the producers bear little risk in demand for their output producers do however typically face a gre... | |
what is a horizontal merger | a horizontal merger is a merger or business consolidation that occurs between firms that operate in the same industry the aim is usually to create more efficient economies of scale exploit cost based and revenue based synergies increase market share and generally gain an advantage over other competitors operating in th... | |
when everything goes to plan horizontal mergers can enable the new entity to gain an edge over the competition and potentially wipe some of it out | horizontal mergers often don t live up to expectations merging two different corporate cultures can be difficult and projections may end up being overambitious horizontal merger vs vertical mergerthe main objective of a vertical merger is to improve a company s efficiency or reduce costs a vertical merger occurs when t... | |
what are some potential drawbacks of horizontal mergers | horizontal mergers can lead to reduced competition which may result in higher prices decreased innovation and fewer choices for consumers additionally integrating two companies with different corporate cultures and operations can pose social challenges and there may be regulatory scrutiny to ensure the merger does not ... | |
how do horizontal mergers affect market competition | horizontal mergers can have a significant impact on market competition by reducing the number of competitors in the industry the merged entity may gain increased market power potentially leading to higher prices reduced product differentiation and limited choices for consumers regulatory authorities often assess the po... | |
do vertical mergers encourage innovation | vertical mergers can have both positive and negative effects on innovation on one hand integrating different stages of the value chain may foster collaboration and information sharing potentially leading to improved product development and innovation on the other hand vertical mergers can reduce the incentive for compa... | |
what is a horizontal spread | a horizontal spread more commonly known as a calendar spread is an options or futures strategy created with simultaneous long and short positions in the derivative on the same underlying asset and the same strike price but with different expiration months understanding horizontal spreadthe goal of a horizontal spread i... | |
what is a horizontal well | a horizontal well is a type of directional drilling technique where an oil or gas well is dug at an angle of at least eighty degrees to a vertical wellbore this technique has become increasingly common and productive in recent years 1 operators use it to retrieve oil and natural gas in situations in which the shape of ... | |
how a horizontal well works | horizontal wells took a more prominent role in fossil fuel extraction during the 2010s as technology has developed horizontal drilling has lowered costs and improved the efficiency of oil and natural gas extraction especially in the u s 1the emergence of horizontal wells has been facilitated by two components of the dr... | |
what is the hospital insurance trust fund | the federal hospital insurance trust fund is also known as part a of medicare the health insurance program for people aged 65 and older in the united states the program is financed through payroll taxes from current workers and employers and taxes on social security benefits 1this trust fund is overseen by a board of t... |
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