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what is a listing agreement | a listing agreement is a contract under which a property owner as principal authorizes a real estate broker as agent to find a buyer for the property on the owner s terms in exchange for this service the owner pays a commission less commonly the term listing agreement also refers to a contract made between a security i... | |
how a listing agreement works | a listing agreement authorizes the broker to represent the seller and their property to third parties the listing agreement is an employment contract rather than a real estate contract the broker is hired to represent the seller but no property is transferred between the two under the provisions of real estate license ... | |
what are listing requirements | listing requirements comprise the various criteria and minimum standards established by stock exchanges such as the new york stock exchange nyse that companies must meet to list their shares for trading a company will be allowed to list shares for trading only if it meets initial as well as ongoing requirements compani... | |
when firms request listings they have to prove to an exchange that they meet the listing requirements the high visibility and liquidity that a listing supports is strong incentive for a company to meet listing requirements | once a security is listed the issuing firm usually must maintain a set of related but less stringent trading requirements otherwise the company faces delisting while no legal penalty is involved being delisted can mean huge consequences for a company because its stock won t be traded on the exchange firms can cross lis... | |
what listing requirements does nasdaq have | nasdaq has three different tiers of listings nasdaq global select market nasdaq global market and nasdaq capital market each tier has its specific listing requirements in the instance of an ipo all companies must have 1 25 million shares outstanding and 2200 total shareholders or 450 shareholders with 100 shares each t... | |
what are the largest stock exchanges | by market capitalization the largest stock exchanges are the new york stock exchange and the nasdaq both are located in the new york as of march 2022 the combined value of shares listed on both exchanges reached over 36 trillion 5 | |
what is a living trust | a living trust is a legal arrangement established by an individual the grantor during their lifetime to protect their assets and direct their distribution after the grantor s death it is an estate planning tool that can help family members and beneficiaries avoid a lengthy public complex and sometimes costly probate pr... | |
how living trusts work | living trusts are significant in that they allow a trustee to manage the assets in the trust and transfer them to beneficiaries after the grantor s death they begin with the establishment of a trust instrument during the lifetime of the grantor this is a legal document that lays out the rules and provisions of the trus... | |
how to create a living trust | normally it s a smart idea to obtain the assistance of an estate lawyer to establish a living will however here s a general idea of the steps you ll take to create one | |
is a living will the same as a living trust | no a living will is a directive written by an individual granting power of attorney and other rights to a trusted other if that individual becomes incapacitated or loses the ability to communicate a living or intervivos trust establishes a legal entity the trust which holds assets that can be distributed without probat... | |
how much does a living trust cost | establishing a living trust usually requires an attorney depending on the attorney and the complexities of your living trust it will cost between 1 100 to 1 500 for an individual and 1 700 and 2 500 for a couple you can cut down on these costs by creating one yourself or using an online service such as legalzoom 8 | |
what are some disadvantages of living trusts | the downsides of trusts aside from their cost will depend on whether it is a revocable or irrevocable trust each of which serves its own purpose a revocable trust is not sheltered from tax authorities or creditors which limits its usefulness as a way to protect assets while one is still alive an irrevocable trust invol... | |
what is a living wage | the term living wage refers to a theoretical income level that allows individuals or families to afford adequate shelter food and other life necessities the goal of a living wage is to allow employees to earn enough income for a satisfactory standard of living and prevent them from falling into poverty economists sugge... | |
what constitutes a living wage can vary slightly depending on who s defining it some 60 plus definitions and descriptions of the term exist according to the global living wage coalition despite some deviations the organization found certain common themes when comparing how it s defined in human rights declarations by n... | the consensus is that a living wage provides individuals with enough income to support themselves without falling below the federal poverty line fpl it gives workers and their families the means to maintain a decent standard of living so they can afford the idea of a living wage isn t new but it became a hot topic foll... | |
what is the living wage in the u s | the living wage in the united states was 25 02 per hour in 2022 or 104 077 70 per year before taxes based on a family of four with two working adults and two children 4 this varies by state however the highest livable wage was for massachusetts in 2024 at a total of 128 086 mississippi had the lowest living wage at a t... | |
is 15 an hour considered a livable wage | raising the federal minimum wage to 15 an hour from the current 7 25 an hour still doesn t provide a livable wage to many low income adults and families in certain locations earning 15 an hour at a full time job would equate to approximately 31 200 before taxes this increase would still not meet a livable wage in most ... | |
what is the difference between a living wage and a minimum wage | a minimum wage is the least amount a worker can be paid hourly as determined by law paying an individual below the minimum wage is illegal a living wage is the amount an individual or family would have to earn to avoid living in poverty this amount is usually higher than the minimum wage and it s not mandated by law th... | |
what is a living will | a living will also known as an advance directive is a legal document that specifies the type of medical care that an individual does or does not want in the event they are unable to communicate their wishes in the case of an unconscious person who suffers from a terminal illness or a life threatening injury doctors and... | |
what is included in a living will | a living will addresses many of the medical procedures common in life threatening situations such as resuscitation via electric shock ventilation and dialysis one can choose to allow some of these procedures or none of them one can also indicate whether they wish to donate organs and tissues after death even if the pat... | |
how to make a living will | before making a living will it s best to understand that it will not serve as a last will and testament whereby property and personal effects are allocated to others upon death a living will stipulates the type and levels of medical care one receives if incapacitated and for how long the living will details the goals a... | |
when facing the loss of a loved one families often disagree over treatment so having a healthcare proxy reduces confusion over one s final wishes one should discuss wishes with the proxy before naming this person and be sure the proxy is willing to follow through with their desires | living will vs living trustalthough a living will and a living trust are commonly referred to in estate planning they are different a living will involves how the subject person will be cared for if in a compromised or incapacitated state this medical directive terminates upon the death of that person a living trust de... | |
do i lose control of my living will if i appoint a proxy | you will not lose control of your living will while you have the ability or capacity to make decisions if incapacitated the proxy has the legal authority to act on your behalf making decisions about your healthcare review the living will with the proxy to ensure they understand your wishes and agree to enforce them whe... | |
what is the difference between a living will and a last will and testament | a living will addresses the type of medical treatment given to a person who is unable to make those decisions for themselves the living will carries out the expressed wishes regarding the medical care of a person should they become unable to manage their care the last will and testament are the expressed wishes of a pe... | |
what is a bank s living will | a bank s living will is a legal report filed annually by companies instructing how the business will be liquidated in the event of insolvency 1 banks with at least 50 billion in assets are required to file a living will with regulators | |
what is an llc operating agreement | an llc operating agreement is a document that customizes the terms of a limited liability company according to the specific needs of its members it also outlines the financial and functional decision making in a structured manner it is similar to articles of incorporation that govern the operations of a corporation alt... | |
how llc operating agreements work | an llc is a type of u s business entity that is easy to form and simple to manage and importantly limits the liability of owners since an llc is a hybrid of a partnership and corporation it provides the twin benefit of pass through taxation with limited liability 1to take full advantage of having an llc you should go o... | |
what to include in an llc operating agreement | there are many issues that must be covered in the llc operating agreement the general format of the document includes the following llc operating agreements should also outline the specific definitions of terms used in the agreement as well as list the purpose of the business a statement of its intent to form how it wi... | |
does an llc have shares of stock like a corporation | no while it is sometimes common to describe llc membership as a share this is not the same as stock units in a corporation while members of an llc have the right to share profits and make decisions concerning their company an llc cannot raise money by issuing stock shares | |
what is the difference between a partnership and an llc | a partnership is a comparatively simple vehicle for business relationships unlike an llc there is no requirement for formal paperwork a partnership is considered to have formed whenever two or more partners go into business together also unlike an llc partners may be held personally liable for the partnership s busines... | |
does a single member llc need an operating agreement | a handful of states require all llc s to have an operating agreement even if they have only one member these include new york missouri and california in the other states it is not required but it is strongly encouraged since they can protect the members from problems that the llc may encounter | |
what is lloyd s of london | lloyd s of london often referred to today simply as lloyd s is an insurance and reinsurance marketplace its members operate as syndicates to provide insurance coverage for businesses organizations and individuals the syndicates specialize in different types of risks and each syndicate decides which risks to insure the ... | |
what is underwriting | underwriting refers to taking on risk in return for a fee part of the underwriting process is assessing the risk involved and setting the fee accordingly | |
what is reinsurance | reinsurance is a way that insurance companies protect themselves from risk by for example transferring a portion of their portfolio to other insurers in exchange for a share of the premiums | |
what is marine insurance | one of the oldest forms of insurance marine insurance can cover ships their cargoes and related risks the hull of the titanic for example was insured for a total of 1 million with multiple lloyd s syndicates taking on portions of the policy 6the bottom linelloyd s of london commonly known as lloyd s is a major marketpl... | |
what is a load | a load is a sales charge or commission charged to an investor when buying or redeeming shares in a mutual fund sales charge commissions can be structured in a number of ways they are determined by the mutual fund company and charged by mutual fund intermediaries in mutual fund transactions common types of sales charges... | |
how sales loads work | a load is a sales charge that compensates an intermediary for distributing shares of a mutual fund loads vary by share class and are determined by the mutual fund company mutual fund companies structure sales charges by share class they provide a sales charge schedule in the mutual fund s prospectus loads can be front ... | |
what is a load fund | a load fund is a mutual fund that comes with a sales charge or commission the fund investor pays the load which goes to compensate a sales intermediary such as a broker financial planner or investment advisor for his time and expertise in selecting an appropriate fund for the investor the load is either paid upfront at... | |
what is a loan | the term loan refers to a type of credit vehicle in which a sum of money is lent to another party in exchange for future repayment of the value or principal amount in many cases the lender also adds interest or finance charges to the principal value which the borrower must repay in addition to the principal balance loa... | |
why are loans used | loans are advanced for a number of reasons including major purchases investing renovations debt consolidation and business ventures loans also help existing companies expand their operations loans allow for growth in the overall money supply in an economy and open up competition by lending to new businesses the interes... | |
what is a loan shark | a loan shark is a slang term for predatory lenders who give informal loans at extremely high interest rates often to people with little credit or collateral because these loan terms may not be legally enforceable loan sharks have sometimes resorted to intimidation or violence in order to ensure repayment | |
how can you reduce your total loan cost | the best way to reduce your total loan cost is to pay more than the minimum payment whenever possible this reduces the amount of interest that accumulates eventually allowing you to pay off the loan early be warned however that some loans may have early pre payment penalties | |
how do you become a loan officer | a loan officer is a bank employee who is responsible for approving mortgages car loans and other loans each state has different licensing requirements but the standard is at least 20 hours of pre licensing classes in addition mortgage loan officers must pass the nmls national test in addition to a criminal background c... | |
what is a loan application fee | a loan application fee is charged to a potential borrower for processing and underwriting an application for a loan such as a mortgage or car loan loan application fees may be required for all types of loans and are intended to pay for the costs of the process of loan approval but are considered by many observers to be... | |
what is a loan commitment | a loan commitment is an agreement by a commercial bank or other financial institution to lend a business or individual a specified sum of money a loan commitment is useful for consumers looking to buy a home or a business planning to make a major purchase the loan can take the form of a single lump sum or in the case o... | |
what is a loan committee | a loan committee is the lending or management committee of a bank or other lending institution it generally consists of upper level officers with management authority the loan committee analyzes and subsequently approves or rejects any loan that the initial loan officer does not have the authority to approve typically ... | |
what is a loan constant | a loan constant is a percentage that shows the annual debt service on a loan compared to its total principal value the calculation for a loan constant is the annual debt service divided by the total loan amount when shopping for a loan borrowers can compare the loan constant of various loans before making a decision th... | |
how a loan constant works | a loan constant is a comparison of a loan s annual debt service to the loan s total principal value a loan s debt service is the total cash the borrower must pay to cover the repayment of interest and principal on the loan for a given period the loan constant is expressed as a percentage and can be determined for all t... | |
what is a loan credit default swap lcds | a loan credit default swap lcds is a type of credit derivative in which the credit exposure of an underlying loan is exchanged between two parties a loan credit default swap s structure is the same as a regular credit default swap cds except that the underlying reference obligation is limited strictly to syndicated sec... | |
what is the loan credit default swap index markit lcdx | the loan credit default swap index markit lcdx is a specialized index of loan only credit default swaps cds covering 100 north american companies with unsecured debt trading in broad secondary markets the lcdx is traded over the counter and several large investment banks manage it provide liquidity and assist in pricin... | |
what is loan grading | loan grading is a classification system that involves assigning a quality score to a loan based on a borrower s credit history quality of the collateral and the likelihood of repayment of the principal and interest a score can also be applied to a portfolio of loans loan grading is part of a lending institution s loan ... | |
how loan grading works | being able to manage their lending capacity effectively is central to the success of a bank so banks must come up with a loan grading system that accurately evaluates credit risk or the probability of loss due to a borrower s failure to make payments the processes that banks use to grade loans help examiners and manage... | |
what is the loan life coverage ratio llcr | the loan life coverage ratio llcr is a financial ratio used to estimate the solvency of a firm or the ability of a borrowing company to repay an outstanding loan llcr is calculated by dividing the net present value npv of the money available for debt repayment by the amount of outstanding debt llcr is similar to the de... | |
how to calculate the loan life coverage ratio | the llcr can be calculated using the above formula or by using a shortcut dividing the npv of project free cash flows by the present value of the debt outstanding in this calculation the weighted average cost of debt is the discount rate for the npv calculation and the project cash flows are more specifically the cash ... | |
what does the loan life coverage ratio tell you | llcr is a solvency ratio the loan life coverage ratio is a measure of the number of times over the cash flows of a project can repay an outstanding debt over the life of a loan a ratio of 1 0x means that llcr is at a break even level the higher the ratio the less potential risk there is for the lender depending on the ... | |
what is a loan lock | a loan lock refers to a lender s promise to offer a borrower a specified interest rate on a mortgage and to hold that rate for an agreed upon period of time a loan lock helps protect borrowers from an increase in interest rates during the lock period however mortgage lenders may charge a fee for a rate lock or add a ma... | |
how a loan lock works | a loan lock guarantees a borrower that a mortgage lender will upon closing provide a loan with a specified interest rate typically lenders offer quotes to prospective borrowers that reflect prevailing interest rates at the time of the offer rather than at the time of settlement the quoted rate will also include a lende... | |
is it better to lock in a mortgage rate or wait | if you re buying a home and under contract it may make sense to lock in the interest rate since mortgage rates fluctuate and can increase which would increase your monthly payment | |
what are the disadvantages of a loan lock | the disadvantage of locking in your interest rate is that rates could fall and you might miss out on locking in your mortgage at a lower rate however for an added cost you may be able to add a float down provision allowing you to get the lower rate if rates decrease | |
how long can a lender lock in a rate | typically a lender can lock in a rate for 30 45 or 60 days 1the bottom linea loan rate lock is an agreement between a mortgage lender and a borrower to lock in an interest rate up to the loan s closing since interest rates fluctuate a rate lock helps protect the borrower from a rate increase and a higher monthly paymen... | |
what is a loan loss provision | a loan loss provision is an income statement expense set aside as an allowance for uncollected loans and loan payments this provision is used to cover different kinds of loan losses such as non performing loans customer bankruptcy and renegotiated loans that incur lower than previously estimated payments loan loss prov... | |
how a loan loss provision works | banking industry lenders generate revenue from the interest and expenses they receive from lending products banks lend to a wide range of customers including consumers small businesses and large corporations lending standards and reporting requirements are constantly changing and constraints have been rigorously tighte... | |
what is loan modification | loan modification is a change made to the terms of an existing loan by a lender it may involve a reduction in the interest rate an extension of the length of time for repayment a different type of loan or any combination of the three such changes usually are made because the borrower is unable to repay the original loa... | |
how loan modification works | although a loan modification may be made for any type of loan they are most common with secured loans such as mortgages 1a lender may agree to a loan modification during a settlement procedure or in the case of a potential foreclosure in such situations the lender has concluded that a loan modification will be less cos... | |
what types of loans are eligible for modification | although many loans may have options for modification mortgages are the most commonly modified loans your loan holder may have a specific program in place for times of need | |
do i need a lawyer to get a loan modification | some loan companies may have programs in place to help with modifications but a lawyer may help the process go more smoothly however you are not required to have a lawyer to apply for a loan modification | |
what are the ways a loan can be modified | a modification can help you lower the interest rate extend the loan term switch from a variable rate to a fixed rate and move missed payments to the end of the loan term any one of these actions could lower your monthly payment amount and make it easier to repay the bottom lineif you re on the brink of a loan foreclosu... | |
what is a loan note | a loan note is an extended form of a generic i owe you iou document from one party to another it enables a payee borrower to receive payments from a lender possibly with an interest rate attached over a set period of time and ending on the date at which the entire loan is to be repaid loan notes are usually provided in... | |
how a loan note works | a loan note a form of promissory agreement includes all of the associated loan terms it is considered a legally binding agreement with both parties considered committed to the terms as they are written a loan note can be drawn up by either borrower or lender though it is more traditionally completed by the lender the n... | |
what is a loan officer | a loan officer is a representative of a bank credit union or other financial institution who assists borrowers in the application process 1 loan officers are often called mortgage loan officers since that is the most complex and costly type of loan most consumers encounter however most loan officers assist consumers an... | |
how a loan officer works | the loan officer is the direct contact for most borrowers applying for a loan from a financial institution the entire process can be handled over the internet but most consumers probably still prefer a well informed human on the other side of a costly and complex transaction in fact one reason why banks continue to hav... | |
what is a mortgage loan | a mortgage loan is a secured installment loan used for a singular purpose to purchase real estate the loan amount covers the principal used to purchase the property and it can include funds for paying insurance and property taxes as well 4 | |
is a loan officer a good job | the median salary for a loan officer was 65 740 per year in 2022 loan officers work indoors in typically comfortable surroundings with full benefits if employed by a bank or credit union if you re interested in a stable white collar job a loan officer position may be a great choice 1the bottom lineloan officers are the... | |
what is a loan participation note | a loan participation note lpn is a fixed income security that permits investors to buy portions of an outstanding loan or package of loans lpn holders participate on a pro rata basis in collecting interest and principal payments and are similarly exposed to a proportional risk of default banks credit unions or other fi... | |
how a loan participation note works | to meet the needs of local borrowers and increase loan income many community banks use loan participation agreements in which one or more banks share in the ownership of a loan community banks have also formed lending consortia one example is the community investment corporation of north carolina cicnc an affordable ho... | |
what is a loan production office | a loan production office lpo is an administrative division of a bank that as the name implies deals solely with loan related activities the federal reserve defines an lpo as a staffed facility other than a branch which is open to the public and provides lending related services such as loan information and applications... | |
how a loan production office works | located on the bank s premises or at another location the loan production office reviews and process loan applications checking for underwriting standard compliance and completeness of documents it most often deals with residential mortgages but services other sorts of loans as well an lpo processor or underwriter perf... | |
what is loan servicing | loan servicing refers to the administrative aspects of a loan from the time the proceeds are dispersed to the borrower until the loan is paid off loan servicing includes sending monthly payment statements collecting monthly payments maintaining records of payments and balances collecting and paying taxes and insurance ... | |
how loan servicing works | loan servicing can be carried out by the bank or financial institution that issued the loans a non bank entity specializing in loan servicing or a third party vendor for the lending institution loan servicing may also refer to the borrower s obligation to make timely payments of principal and interest on a loan as a wa... | |
what is a loan shark | a loan shark is a person who or an entity that loans money at extremely high interest rates and often uses threats of violence to collect debts the interest rates are generally well above an established legal rate and often loan sharks are members of organized crime groups loan sharks charge borrowers interest usually ... | |
how a loan shark works | a loan shark can be a person within a personal or professional network offering to provide loans at high interest rates they may be found in underbanked neighborhoods on the internet or through personal networks their funds are usually from unidentified sources and they work for personal businesses or unregistered enti... | |
is borrowing from a loan shark legal | it is not illegal to borrow from a loan shark it s just extremely risky loan shark are themselves illegal lenders but their victims haven t broken the law | |
what is a payday loan | a payday loan is a short term loan meant to be repaid by your next payday payday loans typically have extremely high interest rates and are often considered a form of predatory lending | |
what are some alternatives to payday loans or loan sharks | if you need money quickly consider asking a family member for help or taking out a personal loan even if you have bad credit you may still qualify for a personal loan which should have lower interest rates and more reasonable repayment terms the bottom lineloan sharks often prey on those that feel like they have no oth... | |
what is loan stock | loan stock refers to shares of common or preferred stock that are used as collateral to secure a loan from another party the loan earns a fixed interest rate much like a standard loan and can be secured or unsecured a secured loan stock may also be called a convertible loan stock if the loan stock can be directly conve... | |
when loan stock is being used as collateral the lender will find the highest value in shares of a business that are publicly traded and unrestricted these shares are easier to sell if the borrower is unable to repay the loan | lenders may maintain physical control of the shares until the borrower pays off the loan at that time the shares would be returned to the borrower as they are no longer needed as collateral this type of financing is also known as portfolio loan stock financing risks to lenderssince the price of a share can fluctuate wi... | |
what are the characteristics of loan stock | loan stocks are long term agreements so are seen as a form of long term debt financing they are negotiated at a fixed rate with pre determined interest payment periods and the amount of collateral | |
what are the different types of loan stocks | loan stocks can be unsecured or convertible unsecured loan stocks are more risky and these lenders are equal to other unsecured creditors if there is a default convertible loan stocks allow for the conversion into common shares providing lenders with a form of collateral | |
what is stock lending | stock lending is the lending of shares to another party for a fee as well as with interest charges stock lending is primarily done in short sell trades where the seller doesn t own the stock but needs it for the trade it can also be used for hedging and arbitrage trades the bottom lineloan stock is used to reduce the r... | |
what is loan syndication | the term loan syndication refers to the process of involving a group of lenders that fund various portions of a loan for a single borrower loan syndication most often occurs when a borrower requires an amount that is too large for a single lender or when the loan is outside the scope of a lender s risk exposure levels ... | |
how does loan syndication work | loan syndication is a process that involves multiple banks and financial institutions who pool their capital together to finance a single loan for one borrower there is only one contract and each bank is responsible for their own portion of the loan one institution acts as the lead and is responsible for getting other ... | |
how does a loan syndication affect the borrower | loan syndication doesn t affect borrowers any differently than other types of loans the borrower generally applies for a loan at one bank if approved this institution approaches others to form a syndicate which allows them each to spread the risk after the loan is advanced the borrower signs a single contract which nam... | |
what are the disadvantages of the loan syndication process | the main drawback to the loan syndication process is the amount of time it takes to get approved or denied that s because it can take a number of days even weeks to get approval and the syndicate together | |
what is the loan to cost ltc ratio | the loan to cost ltc ratio is a metric used in commercial real estate construction to compare the financing of a project as offered by a loan with the cost of building the project the ltc ratio allows commercial real estate lenders to determine the risk of offering a construction loan it also allows developers to under... | |
what does the loan to cost ltc ratio tell you | the ltc ratio is used to calculate the percentage of a loan or the amount that a lender is willing to provide to finance a project based on the hard cost of the construction budget after the construction has been completed the entire project will have a new value for this reason the ltc ratio and the ltv ratio are used... | |
how do i calculate the loan to cost ltc ratio | divide the amount of a loan for a construction project by the cost of the project and you have the loan to cost ltc ratio | |
how is the ltc ratio used | the ltc ratio is used to calculate the percentage of a loan or the amount that a lender is willing to provide to finance a project based on the hard cost of the construction budget | |
how is the ltc ratio different from the ltv ratio | the loan to cost ltc ratio compares the financing amount of a commercial real estate project to its cost the loan to value ltv ratio on the other hand compares the loan amount to the expected market value of the completed project the bottom linethe loan to cost ltc ratio compares the financing of a project as offered b... | |
what is the loan to deposit ratio ldr | the loan to deposit ratio ldr is used to assess a bank s liquidity by comparing a bank s total loans to its total deposits for the same period the ldr is expressed as a percentage if the ratio is too high it means that the bank may not have enough liquidity to cover any unforeseen fund requirements conversely if the ra... | |
what the ldr can tell you | a loan to deposit ratio shows a bank s ability to cover loan losses and withdrawals by its customers investors monitor the ldr of banks to make sure there s adequate liquidity to cover loans in the event of an economic downturn resulting in loan defaults also the ldr helps to show how well a bank is attracting and reta... | |
what is an ideal ldr | typically the ideal loan to deposit ratio is 80 to 90 a loan to deposit ratio of 100 means a bank loaned one dollar to customers for every dollar received in deposits it received it also means a bank will not have significant reserves available for expected or unexpected contingencies regulations also factor into how b... |
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