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SQuAD
For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha...
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53376ebd64bd4a7dae62bd25a990944f
In what year did Stalin order the development of ICBMs?
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{ "text": [ "1947" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 624 ], "end": [ 627 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }
[ "1947" ]
SQuAD
For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha...
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2f7d2b9581d24d6aa740609039b929db
What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?
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{ "text": [ "air force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 514 ], "end": [ 522 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 97 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ] }
[ "air force" ]
SQuAD
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
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2d9a6bcdaa3a44b3abf062aadee1591b
The US Air Force began research of ICBMs in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1945" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 217 ], "end": [ 220 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "1945" ]
SQuAD
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
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e5673e5dcd7f40179ff27213053e54db
What type of rocket was first researched by the Air Force?
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{ "text": [ "MX-774" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 231 ], "end": [ 236 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "MX-774" ]
SQuAD
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
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d790f40205ca49fdbd983985dfe893b4
The MX-774 was tested in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1947" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 340 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "1947" ]
SQuAD
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
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6bf9423484a14fecbae37c5e63ec0a40
The Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family was tested where?
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{ "text": [ "Cape Canaveral" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 423 ], "end": [ 436 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Cape Canaveral" ]
SQuAD
The United States had multiple rocket programs divided among the different branches of the American armed services, which meant that each force developed its own ICBM program. The Air Force initiated ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. However, its funding was cancelled and only three partially successful launches w...
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bed40367dc394854b7bca91e1fe60f60
The Atlas-A first launched on what date?
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{ "text": [ "June 11, 1957" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 648 ], "end": [ 660 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ] }
[ "June 11, 1957" ]
SQuAD
On September 20, 1963, in a speech before the United Nations General Assembly, President Kennedy proposed that the United States and the Soviet Union join forces in their efforts to reach the Moon. Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev initially rejected Kennedy's proposal.
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126139cb0b474bc2ab6f48f03e301ae1
When did US President John F. Kennedy, in a speech, propose to join forces to reach the moon with the USSR?
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[ "September 20, 1963" ]
SQuAD
He justified the program in terms of its importance to national security, and its focus of the nation's energies on other scientific and social fields. He rallied popular support for the program in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech, on September 12, 1962, before a large crowd at Rice University Stadium, in Houst...
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fd7ff4ace67c48d6a8d83a53f7159e0d
"We choose to go to the Moon" speech was given at what location in Texas?
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{ "text": [ "Rice University Stadium" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 287 ], "end": [ 309 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "Rice University Stadium" ]
SQuAD
In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T...
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80ac65c29e1548a9bc3653b5591d7bb6
The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1959" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 243 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "1959" ]
SQuAD
In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. T...
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a2f62a019ed94446a2e94204182f5cc0
Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?
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{ "text": [ "Luna 3" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 434 ], "end": [ 439 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ] }
[ "Luna 3" ]
SQuAD
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock...
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53707e3b89494cf6adb784ec94fa57d0
The first American to travel into space was whom?
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{ "text": [ "Alan Shepard" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Alan Shepard" ]
SQuAD
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock...
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d6d688228d40477fb529c0e074633a87
When did Alan Shepard first arrive in space?
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{ "text": [ "May 5, 1961" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "May 5, 1961" ]
SQuAD
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock...
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25800caa698845e598792eb1b44bad21
The spaceship that carried Alan Shepard was named what?
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{ "text": [ "Freedom 7" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 167 ], "end": [ 175 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "Freedom 7" ]
SQuAD
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock...
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7bdb1252daae4da28eca4e379fbf102a
The first person to have control over driving their spacecraft was whom?
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{ "text": [ "Alan Shepard" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Alan Shepard" ]
SQuAD
Three weeks later, on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space, launched in a ballistic trajectory on Mercury-Redstone 3, in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7. Though he did not achieve orbit like Gagarin, he was the first person to exercise manual control over his spacecraft's attitude and retro-rock...
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c8489b54c75e4247b8ef3640bc98c25c
Which president awarded Alan Shepard the NASA Distinguished Service Medal?
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{ "text": [ "John F. Kennedy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 530 ], "end": [ 544 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 101 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ] }
[ "John F. Kennedy" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets...
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31c426c4d59e4251b43047d3d4d15d44
Where were the actual origin of the Space Race?
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{ "text": [ "Germany" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "Germany" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets...
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What were German aerospace engineers experimenting with in the 1930's?
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{ "text": [ "liquid-fueled rockets" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 299 ], "end": [ 319 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "liquid-fueled rockets" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets...
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5f8ad4dcba024d9bb913371016842e7d
What engineer was recruited by Becker and Dornberger to join their secret program?
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{ "text": [ "Wernher von Braun" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 774 ], "end": [ 790 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ] }
[ "Wernher von Braun" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets...
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Which war in history did the Space Race begin to take root?
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{ "text": [ "World War II" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "World War II" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race can trace its origins to Germany, beginning in the 1930s and continuing during World War II when Nazi Germany researched and built operational ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, during the last stages of the Weimar Republic, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets...
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A secretive army installation began in Kummersdorf-West in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1932" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 918 ], "end": [ 921 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 165 ], "end": [ 165 ] } ] }
[ "1932" ]
SQuAD
As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy.
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What two locations in Florida were renamed after Kennedy by President Johnson?
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{ "text": [ "Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 207 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities" ]
SQuAD
As President, Johnson steadfastly pursued the Gemini and Apollo programs, promoting them as Kennedy's legacy to the American public. One week after Kennedy's death, he issued an executive order renaming the Cape Canaveral and Apollo launch facilities after Kennedy.
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Which two space programs were heavily worked on by President Johnson?
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{ "text": [ "Gemini and Apollo" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "Gemini and Apollo" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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Whose technology enabled the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the united States?
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[ "German rocket technology" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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Who was able to launch the first orbiting satellite?
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{ "text": [ "the Soviet Union" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "the Soviet Union" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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Who was the first human in space?
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{ "text": [ "Yuri Gagarin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1080 ], "end": [ 1091 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 203 ], "end": [ 204 ] } ] }
[ "Yuri Gagarin" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?
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{ "text": [ "July 20, 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1144 ], "end": [ 1156 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 218 ], "end": [ 221 ] } ] }
[ "July 20, 1969" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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On what date did the Space Race begin?
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{ "text": [ "August 2, 1955" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 702 ], "end": [ 715 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 130 ] } ] }
[ "August 2, 1955" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?
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{ "text": [ "October 4, 1957" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 990 ], "end": [ 1004 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 182 ], "end": [ 185 ] } ] }
[ "October 4, 1957" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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Who was the first person in space?
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{ "text": [ "Yuri Gagarin" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1080 ], "end": [ 1091 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 203 ], "end": [ 204 ] } ] }
[ "Yuri Gagarin" ]
SQuAD
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocke...
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What was the date that the first human reached space?
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{ "text": [ "April 12, 1961" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1097 ], "end": [ 1110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 207 ], "end": [ 210 ] } ] }
[ "April 12, 1961" ]
SQuAD
On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut...
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Who was the Senate's Majority Leader in 1958?
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[ "Lyndon B. Johnson" ]
SQuAD
On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut...
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The National Aeronautics and Space Act was established in what year?
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[ "1958" ]
SQuAD
On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut...
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What was NASA called before it became NASA?
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{ "text": [ "National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 410 ], "end": [ 451 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics" ]
SQuAD
On April 2, 1958, President Eisenhower reacted to the Soviet space lead in launching the first satellite, by recommending to the US Congress that a civilian agency be established to direct nonmilitary space activities. Congress, led by Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson, responded by passing the National Aeronaut...
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The first US satellite was launched on what date?
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[ "April 2, 1958" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ...
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The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?
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{ "text": [ "Vanguard" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 133 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "Vanguard" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ...
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Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?
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{ "text": [ "Florida" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 331 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "Florida" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force ...
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in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?
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{ "text": [ "Jupiter-C rocket" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 854 ], "end": [ 869 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 153 ], "end": [ 156 ] } ] }
[ "Jupiter-C rocket" ]
SQuAD
Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ...
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De Rerum Natura is a poem by who?
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{ "text": [ "Lucretius" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 170 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "Lucretius" ]
SQuAD
Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ...
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What kinf of explanation does De Rerum Natura provide for phenomena?
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[ "mechanistic explanations" ]
SQuAD
The United States launched three more Mercury flights after Glenn's: Aurora 7 on May 24, 1962 duplicated Glenn's three orbits; Sigma 7 on October 3, 1962, six orbits; and Faith 7 on May 15, 1963, 22 orbits (32.4 hours), the maximum capability of the spacecraft. NASA at first intended to launch one more mission, extendi...
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How many more Mercury missions were there after John Glenn's?
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[ "3" ]
SQuAD
Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moo...
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What year was the Gemini project confirmed?
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[ "1962" ]
SQuAD
The Soviets kept the details and true appearance of the Vostok capsule secret until the April 1965 Moscow Economic Exhibition, where it was first displayed without its aerodynamic nose cone concealing the spherical capsule. The "Vostok spaceship" had been first displayed at the July 1961 Tushino air show, mounted on it...
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At what event was the Vostok spaceship first displayed to the public ?
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{ "text": [ "July 1961 Tushino air show" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 279 ], "end": [ 304 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "July 1961 Tushino air show" ]
SQuAD
The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA...
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Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?
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{ "text": [ "US Air Force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "US Air Force" ]
SQuAD
The US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA...
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Man in Space Soonest was reestablished as what in November 26, 1958?
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{ "text": [ "Project Mercury" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 401 ], "end": [ 415 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 76 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "Project Mercury" ]
SQuAD
Most of the novice pilots on the early missions would command the later missions. In this way, Project Gemini built up spaceflight experience for the pool of astronauts who would be chosen to fly the Apollo lunar missions.
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Project Gemini helped recruit experienced people for which upcoming lunar missions?
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[ "Apollo" ]
SQuAD
On October 2, 1997, it was reported that Khrushchev's son Sergei claimed Khrushchev was poised to accept Kennedy's proposal at the time of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint ve...
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President Kennedy was killed when?
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[ "November 22, 1963" ]
SQuAD
On October 2, 1997, it was reported that Khrushchev's son Sergei claimed Khrushchev was poised to accept Kennedy's proposal at the time of Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963. During the next few weeks he reportedly concluded that both nations might realize cost benefits and technological gains from a joint ve...
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How did US President Kennedy die?
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[ "assassination" ]
SQuAD
Gagarin's flight changed this; now Kennedy sensed the humiliation and fear on the part of the American public over the Soviet lead. He sent a memo dated April 20, 1961, to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, asking him to look into the state of America's space program, and into programs that could offer NASA the opportun...
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President Kennedy sent a letter on April 20, 1961 to who about the US's space program?
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{ "text": [ "Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 172 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w...
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2889baffe36d40e9aa0b2e074f099ea1
The first woman that went into space was whom?
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{ "text": [ "Valentina Tereshkova" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 179 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "Valentina Tereshkova" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w...
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What spacecraft carried Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space?
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{ "text": [ "Vostok 6" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Vostok 6" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w...
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df20087fd72f4a0b924d189d0868f581
The first woman to launch into space was on what date?
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{ "text": [ "June 16, 1963" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "June 16, 1963" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union duplicated its dual-launch feat with Vostok 5 and Vostok 6 (June 16, 1963). This time they launched the first woman (also the first civilian), Valentina Tereshkova, into space on Vostok 6. Launching a woman was reportedly Korolev's idea, and it was accomplished purely for propaganda value. Tereshkova w...
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eaa41a3e03004f94839507bf953a9485
The first woman to go into space was from which country?
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{ "text": [ "The USSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 436 ], "end": [ 443 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 88 ] } ] }
[ "The USSR" ]
SQuAD
In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary "thaw" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing "race" began to s...
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Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War?
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{ "text": [ "Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev" ]
SQuAD
In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary "thaw" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing "race" began to s...
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When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War?
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{ "text": [ "May 1972" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "May 1972" ]
SQuAD
On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micromet...
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2a9c8046c11644269cd72883b461f636
The first US satellite to launch without failure was on what date?
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{ "text": [ "January 31, 1958" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "January 31, 1958" ]
SQuAD
On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micromet...
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The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?
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{ "text": [ "cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 916 ], "end": [ 1035 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 179 ], ...
[ "cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites" ]
SQuAD
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t...
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d89e63a18b7b491fbd05da400ceb5d13
The Ranger program from 1959 was managed by what organization?
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{ "text": [ "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory" ]
SQuAD
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t...
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b575256b6bb84a0c9abb605f3dca8dc4
The first spacecraft to make it to the Moon was what?
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{ "text": [ "Ranger 4" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 352 ], "end": [ 359 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "Ranger 4" ]
SQuAD
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t...
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412e8a2b588d4b3faa52d115445b4fcb
The first Ranger mission that didn't fail was which one?
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{ "text": [ "Block III Ranger 7" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 703 ], "end": [ 720 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 146 ] } ] }
[ "Block III Ranger 7" ]
SQuAD
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t...
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The Block III Ranger 7 mission successfully reached the moon on what date?
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{ "text": [ "July 31, 1964" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 740 ], "end": [ 752 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 150 ], "end": [ 153 ] } ] }
[ "July 31, 1964" ]
SQuAD
The US reacted to the Luna program by embarking on the Ranger program in 1959, managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The Block I Ranger 1 and Ranger 2 suffered Atlas-Agena launch failures in August and November 1961. The 727-pound (330 kg) Block II Ranger 3 launched successfully on January 26, 1962, but missed t...
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2f81e2691e5548c89de60082f1f2a720
What program led to the establishment of the Ranger program?
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{ "text": [ "Luna" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Luna" ]
SQuAD
The UN ultimately created a Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, which was signed by the United States, USSR, and the United Kingdom on January 27, 1967 and went into force the following October 10.
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db39698e92794963bf97e844ad252ac4
The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space was signed by three countries on what date?
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{ "text": [ "January 27, 1967" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 245 ], "end": [ 260 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 48 ] } ] }
[ "January 27, 1967" ]
SQuAD
Between October 14–16, 1964, Leonid Brezhnev and a small cadre of high-ranking Communist Party officials, deposed Khrushchev as Soviet government leader a day after Voskhod 1 landed, in what was called the "Wednesday conspiracy". The new political leaders, along with Korolev, ended the technologically troublesome Voskh...
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Korolev died on what date?
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{ "text": [ "January 14, 1966" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 523 ], "end": [ 538 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 96 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ] }
[ "January 14, 1966" ]
SQuAD
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i...
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533f1a2fe8714b009c32e7f966d9a162
What year did the US lose its monopoly to the atomic bomb?
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{ "text": [ "1949" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 193 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "1949" ]
SQuAD
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i...
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What type of bomb was first developed during the Cold War?
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{ "text": [ "the hydrogen bomb" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 605 ], "end": [ 621 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 106 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ] }
[ "the hydrogen bomb" ]
SQuAD
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i...
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ICBMs is an abbreviation for what?
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{ "text": [ "intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 635 ], "end": [ 708 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 119 ] } ] }
[ "intercontinental strategic bombers and intercontinental ballistic missiles" ]
SQuAD
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i...
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The SAC is an abbreviation for what US force?
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{ "text": [ "Strategic Air Command" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1220 ], "end": [ 1240 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 211 ], "end": [ 213 ] } ] }
[ "Strategic Air Command" ]
SQuAD
In simple terms, the Cold War could be viewed as an expression of the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism. The United States faced a new uncertainty beginning in September 1949, when it lost its monopoly on the atomic bomb. American intelligence agencies discovered that the Soviet Union had exploded i...
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1b78d65060514306bb7b500deb859288
During what decade, did a fear of communism oversweep the US?
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{ "text": [ "1950s" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 837 ], "end": [ 841 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 143 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ] }
[ "1950s" ]
SQuAD
The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev...
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Who created the circumlunar program called Zond?
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{ "text": [ "Vladimir Chelomey" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Vladimir Chelomey" ]
SQuAD
The circumlunar program (Zond), created by Vladimir Chelomey's design bureau OKB-52, was to fly two cosmonauts in a stripped-down Soyuz 7K-L1, launched by Chelomey's Proton UR-500 rocket. The Zond sacrificed habitable cabin volume for equipment, by omitting the Soyuz orbital module. Chelomey gained favor with Khruschev...
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Which type of craft were two astronauts to fly in during Zond?
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{ "text": [ "Soyuz 7K-L1" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "Soyuz 7K-L1" ]
SQuAD
On May 10, 1962, Vice President Johnson addressed the Second National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space revealing that the United States and the USSR both supported a resolution passed by the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly on December 1962, which not only urged member nations to "extend the rules...
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A problem was resolved by whom when both the US and the USSR supported a cooperative space program?
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{ "text": [ "Political Committee of the UN General Assembly" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 199 ], "end": [ 244 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Political Committee of the UN General Assembly" ]
SQuAD
On May 10, 1962, Vice President Johnson addressed the Second National Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Space revealing that the United States and the USSR both supported a resolution passed by the Political Committee of the UN General Assembly on December 1962, which not only urged member nations to "extend the rules...
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The cooperative space program was passed on what date?
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{ "text": [ "December 1962" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 249 ], "end": [ 261 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "December 1962" ]
SQuAD
Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ...
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What first person from the USSR controlled their own spacecraft?
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{ "text": [ "Gherman Titov" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Gherman Titov" ]
SQuAD
Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ...
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Gherman Titov from the USSR drove his own spacecraft on what date?
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{ "text": [ "August 6, 1961" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "August 6, 1961" ]
SQuAD
Gherman Titov became the first Soviet cosmonaut to exercise manual control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch pad turnaround and the capability to launch two piloted spacecraft, Vostok 3 and Vostok 4, in essentially identical orbits, on August 11 and 12, 1962. The two ...
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Radio communication was possible between which two spacecrafts in August 11 and 12, 1962?
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{ "text": [ "Vostok 3 and Vostok 4" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 229 ], "end": [ 249 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }
[ "Vostok 3 and Vostok 4" ]
SQuAD
In 1967, both nations faced serious challenges that brought their programs to temporary halts. Both had been rushing at full-speed toward the first piloted flights of Apollo and Soyuz, without paying due diligence to growing design and manufacturing problems. The results proved fatal to both pioneering crews.
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Both crews were killed on which spacecraft missions in 1967?
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{ "text": [ "Apollo and Soyuz" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 167 ], "end": [ 182 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Apollo and Soyuz" ]
SQuAD
Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations. During 1969 and 1970, they launched six more Soyuz flights after Soyuz 3, then launched the first space station, the Salyut 1 laboratory designed by Kerim Kerimov, on April 19, 1971. Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempte...
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The USSR launched their first space station on what date?
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{ "text": [ "April 19, 1971" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 260 ], "end": [ 273 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "April 19, 1971" ]
SQuAD
Having lost the race to the Moon, the USSR decided to concentrate on orbital space stations. During 1969 and 1970, they launched six more Soyuz flights after Soyuz 3, then launched the first space station, the Salyut 1 laboratory designed by Kerim Kerimov, on April 19, 1971. Three days later, the Soyuz 10 crew attempte...
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Who made up the crew of the Soyuz 11?
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{ "text": [ "Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 438 ], "end": [ 493 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev" ]
SQuAD
The United States recovered from the Apollo 1 fire, fixing the fatal flaws in an improved version of the Block II command module. The US proceeded with unpiloted test launches of the Saturn V launch vehicle (Apollo 4 and Apollo 6) and the Lunar Module (Apollo 5) during the latter half of 1967 and early 1968. Apollo 1's...
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Apollo 7 launched from Earth on what date?
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{ "text": [ "October 11, 1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 486 ], "end": [ 501 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 96 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ] }
[ "October 11, 1968" ]
SQuAD
The United States recovered from the Apollo 1 fire, fixing the fatal flaws in an improved version of the Block II command module. The US proceeded with unpiloted test launches of the Saturn V launch vehicle (Apollo 4 and Apollo 6) and the Lunar Module (Apollo 5) during the latter half of 1967 and early 1968. Apollo 1's...
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ae78fe21b50845938c424d68c2c5baaf
Who was in charge of the Apollo 7 mission on board?
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{ "text": [ "Walter Schirra" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 446 ], "end": [ 459 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "Walter Schirra" ]
SQuAD
Unknown to the Americans, the Soviet Moon program was in deep trouble. After two successive launch failures of the N1 rocket in 1969, Soviet plans for a piloted landing suffered delay. The launch pad explosion of the N-1 on July 3, 1969 was a significant setback. The rocket hit the pad after an engine shutdown, destroy...
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The Soviet, N1 Rocket exploded and was destroyed on what date?
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{ "text": [ "July 3, 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 224 ], "end": [ 235 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "July 3, 1969" ]
SQuAD
Meanwhile, the USSR continued briefly trying to perfect their N1 rocket, finally canceling it in 1976, after two more launch failures in 1971 and 1972.
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Which year did the USSR cancel the N1 rocket program after two failures that didn't launch?
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[ "1976" ]
SQuAD
The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a "dress rehearsal" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where t...
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How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?
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{ "text": [ "47,400 feet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 262 ], "end": [ 272 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "47,400 feet" ]
SQuAD
The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a "dress rehearsal" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where t...
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The Lunar Module completed its first low Earth orbit on what date?
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{ "text": [ "March 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 115 ], "end": [ 124 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "March 1969" ]
SQuAD
By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1....
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Which country succesfully launched the first person into space in 1961?
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{ "text": [ "the USSR" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 190 ], "end": [ 197 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "the USSR" ]
SQuAD
By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1....
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The first ship to carry a human through space was called what?
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{ "text": [ "Vostok 1" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 318 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "Vostok 1" ]
SQuAD
By 1959, American observers believed that the Soviet Union would be the first to get a human into space, because of the time needed to prepare for Mercury's first launch. On April 12, 1961, the USSR surprised the world again by launching Yuri Gagarin into a single orbit around the Earth in a craft they called Vostok 1....
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How long did Yuri Gagarin orbit the earth in the spacecraft?
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{ "text": [ "108 minutes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 812 ], "end": [ 822 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 160 ], "end": [ 161 ] } ] }
[ "108 minutes" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 ...
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When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?
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{ "text": [ "July 24, 1969" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "July 24, 1969" ]
SQuAD
Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 ...
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Where did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?
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{ "text": [ "Pacific Ocean" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "Pacific Ocean" ]
SQuAD
The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach...
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On what date was the first successful three man astronaut crew?
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{ "text": [ "October 12, 1964" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 363 ], "end": [ 378 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "October 12, 1964" ]
SQuAD
The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach...
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The first flight in a spacecraft that allowed no suits to be worn inside was was?
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{ "text": [ "Voskhod 1" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 350 ], "end": [ 358 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "Voskhod 1" ]
SQuAD
The greater advances of the Soviet space program at the time allowed their space program to achieve other significant firsts, including the first EVA "spacewalk" and the first mission performed by a crew in shirt-sleeves. Gemini took a year longer than planned to accomplish its first flight, allowing the Soviets to ach...
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The US Apollo Command Module flew without spacesuits in what year?
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{ "text": [ "1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 1029 ], "end": [ 1032 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 178 ], "end": [ 178 ] } ] }
[ "1968" ]
SQuAD
The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent...
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b28a6e183df642f9a1c9e9edb7e62ea8
How many people saw the first step onto the Moon?
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{ "text": [ "723 million" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "723 million" ]
SQuAD
The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM's landing footpad were, "That's one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent...
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When did they launch from the Moon to reattach to the Columbia?
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{ "text": [ "The next day" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 379 ], "end": [ 390 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ] }
[ "The next day" ]
SQuAD
The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.
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c2a4b93af3194efbb84aae5ba7191846
Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?
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{ "text": [ "R-7 rocket" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "R-7 rocket" ]
SQuAD
On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav...
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bab7ba32e2ba47a3ab33d531b3c57e6c
The Voskhod 2 carrying two humans was launched on what date?
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{ "text": [ "March 18, 1965" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "March 18, 1965" ]
SQuAD
On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav...
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373e33f234ec42a6916be2215f3205fe
Who was the first person to take a spacewalk?
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{ "text": [ "Alexey Leonov" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 206 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Alexey Leonov" ]
SQuAD
On March 18, 1965, about a week before the first American piloted Project Gemini space flight, the USSR accelerated the competition, by launching the two-cosmonaut Voskhod 2 mission with Pavel Belyayev and Alexey Leonov. Voskhod 2's design modifications included the addition of an inflatable airlock to allow for extrav...
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c18f0c7aa72346d4b77ef29fa8278b55
Which of two Voskhod 2's occupants was almost killed?
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{ "text": [ "Alexey Leonov" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 206 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Alexey Leonov" ]
SQuAD
The Soviet Union also fixed the parachute and control problems with Soyuz, and the next piloted mission Soyuz 3 was launched on October 26, 1968. The goal was to complete Komarov's rendezvous and docking mission with the un-piloted Soyuz 2. Ground controllers brought the two craft to within 200 meters (660 ft) of each ...
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13a2deb1ae2848f7bf0e22a5ddbdcc56
The Soyuz 3 began its mission to space on what date?
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{ "text": [ "October 26, 1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ] }
[ "October 26, 1968" ]