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SQuAD
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
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a3b1a4d7ef0e49fdaaf45e972cde132a
During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?
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{ "text": [ "1949 through 1958" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 528 ], "end": [ 544 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ] }
[ "1949 through 1958" ]
SQuAD
The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
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1ac14520d47d4276a1bafd5431de1b84
About how many private radio stations does the region of Puntland have?
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{ "text": [ "six" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "six" ]
SQuAD
The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
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858701e1518f471fbdaa52fef76e9e27
What is the former name of Radio Gaalkacyo?
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{ "text": [ "Radio Free Somalia" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 188 ], "end": [ 205 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "Radio Free Somalia" ]
SQuAD
The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
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af61e777f4e948a4a8159d7344ec631b
Where does RAdio Gaalkacyo operate from?
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{ "text": [ "Galkayo" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 222 ], "end": [ 228 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Galkayo" ]
SQuAD
The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
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459b50b662874bb39323ac631a51eb4d
What province is Galkayo located in?
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{ "text": [ "Mudug province" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 251 ], "end": [ 264 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "Mudug province" ]
SQuAD
The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ...
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effdfe4fbd1244b4a7e1555e17c7f1a9
How many government operated radio stations exist in the Somaliland region?
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{ "text": [ "one" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 324 ], "end": [ 326 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "one" ]
SQuAD
According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear.
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091e0dd7fd314d7b944808f7c2feedad
What is the IST?
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{ "text": [ "Information Support Team" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 112 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "Information Support Team" ]
SQuAD
According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear.
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a1abd5252da64e0dabb9a51719f01a5c
As of December 2012, Somalia did not have systematic what?
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{ "text": [ "internet blocking or filtering" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 151 ], "end": [ 180 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "internet blocking or filtering" ]
SQuAD
According to the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) and the African Union/United Nations Information Support Team (IST), Somalia did not have systemic internet blocking or filtering as of December 2012. The application of content standards online was also unclear.
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aa0225f69f724b62b1d8d58b379954fd
What internet standards were also unlear as of December, 2012?
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{ "text": [ "content standards online" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 222 ], "end": [ 245 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "content standards online" ]
SQuAD
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
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7a305fe65544430e9cb15fadb9f0a638
What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ?
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{ "text": [ "lawyers, judges" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "lawyers, judges" ]
SQuAD
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
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c7d2b3ef21414c99b4b59e80103ce39a
What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law?
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{ "text": [ "civilly-binding force" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 203 ], "end": [ 223 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "civilly-binding force" ]
SQuAD
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
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2a0089a42108495fb7438e5923c79757
What does J.C.B. stand for?
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{ "text": [ "Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 306 ], "end": [ 334 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus" ]
SQuAD
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
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11ebb5aa0c5f47749cd063c90a4f1c55
What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.?
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{ "text": [ "Bachelor of Canon Law" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 357 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "Bachelor of Canon Law" ]
SQuAD
It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici...
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65021d04689e4a8a8a5588233128b47a
What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law?
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{ "text": [ "Juris Canonici Licentiatus" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 406 ], "end": [ 431 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ] }
[ "Juris Canonici Licentiatus" ]
SQuAD
Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard Colleg...
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065311fc381a45a899d5be707fc2547c
Wher e is Lesley University College of Art and Desighn located?
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[ "Metropolitan Boston" ]
SQuAD
Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard Colleg...
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b798d6663e894631944aaf1678063e86
What is another name for New Englans school of Art and Design
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{ "text": [ "Suffolk University" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 263 ], "end": [ 280 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "Suffolk University" ]
SQuAD
Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard Colleg...
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37f4f9fe7419464ba560ad855eb543ca
What is the oldest independant conservatory in the US?
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{ "text": [ "the New England Conservatory" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 327 ], "end": [ 354 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "the New England Conservatory" ]
SQuAD
Metropolitan Boston is home to several conservatories and art schools, including Lesley University College of Art and Design, Massachusetts College of Art, the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, New England Institute of Art, New England School of Art and Design (Suffolk University), Longy School of Music of Bard Colleg...
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What college plays an important role in making Boston known for Jazz?
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{ "text": [ "Berklee College of Music" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 473 ], "end": [ 496 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "Berklee College of Music" ]
SQuAD
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ...
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How long has Boston been a religious center?
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[ "from its earliest days" ]
SQuAD
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ...
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How many Roman Catholic parishes are in Boston?
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{ "text": [ "nearly 300" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 122 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 19 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "nearly 300" ]
SQuAD
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ...
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Where is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located?
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[ "the South End" ]
SQuAD
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ...
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Where is the headquarters for the Christial Scientists?
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{ "text": [ "Back Bay" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 463 ], "end": [ 470 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 84 ] } ] }
[ "Back Bay" ]
SQuAD
Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston serves nearly 300 parishes and is based in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (1875) in the South End, while the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts, with the Cathedral Church of St. Paul (1819) as its episcopal seat, ...
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What was the city's first Anglican church?
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{ "text": [ "King's Chapel" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 573 ], "end": [ 585 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ] }
[ "King's Chapel" ]
SQuAD
In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.
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0fc3a11c3e914c38b4648fadfb62f6ae
When did macaronic Latin start showing signs of Catalan?
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[ "11th century" ]
SQuAD
In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.
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When did texts begin to appear solely in Romance?
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[ "by 1080" ]
SQuAD
In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.
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To what language did Catalan display similarities?
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{ "text": [ "Gallo-Romance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 207 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Gallo-Romance" ]
SQuAD
In the 11th century, documents written in macaronic Latin begin to show Catalan elements, with texts written almost completely in Romance appearing by 1080. Old Catalan shared many features with Gallo-Romance, diverging from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries.
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What Gallo-Romance language did Old Catalan separate from?
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[ "Old Occitan" ]
SQuAD
The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
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What TV station is the main public service broadcaster in Somalia?
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[ "Somali National Television" ]
SQuAD
The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
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Where is Somali National Television located?
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[ "Mogadishu" ]
SQuAD
The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
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What year did experimental broadcasts of Somali National Television begin?
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[ "2011" ]
SQuAD
The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
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When was Somali Nation Television officially re-launched?
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{ "text": [ "April 4, 2011" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 325 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "April 4, 2011" ]
SQuAD
The Mogadishu-based Somali National Television is the principal national public service broadcaster. On March 18, 2011, the Ministry of Information of the Transitional Federal Government began experimental broadcasts of the new TV channel. After a 20-year hiatus, the station was shortly thereafter officially re-launche...
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Howmany hours a day does SNTV broadcast?
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{ "text": [ "24" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 356 ], "end": [ 357 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "24" ]
SQuAD
The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.
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In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west?
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[ "different disciplines and practices" ]
SQuAD
The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.
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What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches?
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{ "text": [ "process of codification" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 150 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "process of codification" ]
SQuAD
The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.
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When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted?
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[ "1990" ]
SQuAD
The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.
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Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws?
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[ "Pope John Paul II" ]
SQuAD
The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II.
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What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches?
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[ "the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches" ]
SQuAD
Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce ...
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What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?
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{ "text": [ "1999" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "1999" ]
SQuAD
Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce ...
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Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet?
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{ "text": [ "Africa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 77 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Africa" ]
SQuAD
Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce ...
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In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage?
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{ "text": [ "53%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 252 ], "end": [ 254 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }
[ "53%" ]
SQuAD
Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce ...
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The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?
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{ "text": [ "internet commerce and telephony" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 302 ], "end": [ 332 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "internet commerce and telephony" ]
SQuAD
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
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What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network?
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{ "text": [ "2008" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "2008" ]
SQuAD
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
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Where is Somtal network located?
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{ "text": [ "Hargeisa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Hargeisa" ]
SQuAD
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
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Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?
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{ "text": [ "mobile banking" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 326 ], "end": [ 339 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "mobile banking" ]
SQuAD
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
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STC stands for what?
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{ "text": [ "Somali Telecommunication Company" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 590 ], "end": [ 621 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 96 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ] }
[ "Somali Telecommunication Company" ]
SQuAD
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
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The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks?
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{ "text": [ "three" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 411 ], "end": [ 415 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "three" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate?
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[ "two" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector?
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[ "private" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media?
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[ "Print media" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched?
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{ "text": [ "2013" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 676 ], "end": [ 679 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ] }
[ "2013" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
{ "tokens": [ "Communications", "in", "Somalia", "encompasses", "the", "communications", "services", "and", "capacity", "of", "Somalia", ".", "Telecommunications", ",", "internet", ",", "radio", ",", "print", ",", "television", "a...
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In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?
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{ "text": [ "National Communications Act" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 714 ], "end": [ 740 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 117 ], "end": [ 119 ] } ] }
[ "National Communications Act" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector?
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{ "text": [ "private" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 212 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "private" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector?
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{ "text": [ "private" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 212 ], "end": [ 218 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "private" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run?
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{ "text": [ "two" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 335 ], "end": [ 337 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "two" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?
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{ "text": [ "Print media" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 443 ], "end": [ 453 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "Print media" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?
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{ "text": [ "radio stations and online portals" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 511 ], "end": [ 543 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ] }
[ "radio stations and online portals" ]
SQuAD
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
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What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch?
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{ "text": [ "2013" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 676 ], "end": [ 679 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ] }
[ "2013" ]
SQuAD
Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one governm...
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Horn Cable Television and Universal TV are examples of what?
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{ "text": [ "private television networks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "private television networks" ]
SQuAD
Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one governm...
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What type of Tv startions replay AL=jazeera and CNN?
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{ "text": [ "private television networks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 60 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "private television networks" ]
SQuAD
Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one governm...
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Where does SBC TV broadcast from?
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{ "text": [ "Bosaso" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 219 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "Bosaso" ]
SQuAD
Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one governm...
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What is the commercial capital of Puntland?
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{ "text": [ "Bosaso" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 219 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "Bosaso" ]
SQuAD
Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one governm...
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Howmany governemnt run channels do Puntland and Somaliland regions have?
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{ "text": [ "one" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 309 ], "end": [ 311 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "one" ]
SQuAD
According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.
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What was the numbe rof Somali internet users in the year 2000?
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{ "text": [ "200" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 97 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "200" ]
SQuAD
According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.
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What was the number of internet users in the year 2011?
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[ "106,000" ]
SQuAD
According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.
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Goes the number of internet users in Somalia continue to rise or fall?
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[ "rise" ]
SQuAD
According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.
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What was the number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2008?
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[ "512,682" ]
SQuAD
According to the Somali Economic Forum, the number of internet users in Somalia rose from only 200 in the year 2000 to 106,000 users in 2011, with the percentage continuing to rise. The number of mobile subscribers is similarly expected to rise from 512,682 in 2008 to around 6.1 million by 2015.
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What is the estimated number of mobile subscribers in Somalia in 2015?
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[ "6.1 million" ]
SQuAD
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
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How many phases made up the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post?
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{ "text": [ "three" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "three" ]
SQuAD
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
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Over what period of time did the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post cover?
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{ "text": [ "ten years" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 236 ], "end": [ 244 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "ten years" ]
SQuAD
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
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How many branch offices will be constructed in the capital in phase one of the reconstruction plan?
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{ "text": [ "16" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 373 ], "end": [ 374 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "16" ]
SQuAD
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
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How many branch offices will be creted in general bases?
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[ "17" ]
SQuAD
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
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What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union?
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{ "text": [ "2012" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 444 ], "end": [ 447 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "2012" ]
SQuAD
The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi...
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What is the STA?
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{ "text": [ "Somali Telecommunication Association" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Somali Telecommunication Association" ]
SQuAD
The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi...
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What sector does the STC oversee?
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{ "text": [ "ICT sector" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 156 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "ICT sector" ]
SQuAD
The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi...
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In 2006, who reported that there were over half a million internet users within the territory?
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{ "text": [ "STA" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "STA" ]
SQuAD
The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi...
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8e064b91710c4e5a873f2857ab8cd435
How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006?
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{ "text": [ "22" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 277 ], "end": [ 278 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "22" ]
SQuAD
The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi...
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e84e5d492a2a4da09052d4b2dde95b76
How many cyber cafes were withing the territory in 2006?
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{ "text": [ "234" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 301 ], "end": [ 303 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "234" ]
SQuAD
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
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c0076e112d6b426f9b8a2170bbb81b9a
What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?
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{ "text": [ "Greek" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Greek" ]
SQuAD
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
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What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?
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{ "text": [ "canons and commentaries upon them" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "canons and commentaries upon them" ]
SQuAD
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
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What does Pēdálion mean in English?
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{ "text": [ "Rudder" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 133 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Rudder" ]
SQuAD
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
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1cf24abe7ebb4c68938992a74ce07f6b
Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?
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{ "text": [ "bishops" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 289 ], "end": [ 295 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 59 ] } ] }
[ "bishops" ]
SQuAD
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
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34eb75d0f1294a67b14d357e20ae6779
Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?
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{ "text": [ "the Ecumenical Councils" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 404 ], "end": [ 426 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "the Ecumenical Councils" ]
SQuAD
The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.
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951fd3f7b7c44baa90f30a3456960bf3
When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced?
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{ "text": [ "2007" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "2007" ]
SQuAD
The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.
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c64bb6da373e448599d22f3268e1b6dc
How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011?
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{ "text": [ "nine" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "nine" ]
SQuAD
The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.
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cd3001ad108e46a39a609cf77b99782b
What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011?
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{ "text": [ "functional regional coverage" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 184 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "functional regional coverage" ]
SQuAD
The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase.
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b79ff3bd5b5b4f339f72fbd529690f0b
How many satellites were launched since 2007?
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{ "text": [ "16" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 198 ], "end": [ 199 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 38 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "16" ]
SQuAD
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera...
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085dd86e92ca48cfb8277183110c56ff
As of what year were dial up, wireless , and satellite services available?
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{ "text": [ "2009" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "2009" ]
SQuAD
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera...
{ "tokens": [ "As", "of", "2009", ",", "dial", "up", ",", "wireless", "and", "satellite", "services", "were", "available", ".", "Dial", "up", "internet", "services", "in", "Somalia", "were", "among", "the", "fastest", ...
be71e740582e4b9a9643d4cd923bfc57
What was the landline growth rate of Somalia in 2009?
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{ "text": [ "12.5%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 199 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "12.5%" ]
SQuAD
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera...
{ "tokens": [ "As", "of", "2009", ",", "dial", "up", ",", "wireless", "and", "satellite", "services", "were", "available", ".", "Dial", "up", "internet", "services", "in", "Somalia", "were", "among", "the", "fastest", ...
1fc4a791e64547c79fa893c639e199e0
What was the flat rate per month for unlimited landline calls in Somalia in the year 2009?
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{ "text": [ "$10 per month" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 377 ], "end": [ 389 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 74 ] } ] }
[ "$10 per month" ]
SQuAD
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera...
{ "tokens": [ "As", "of", "2009", ",", "dial", "up", ",", "wireless", "and", "satellite", "services", "were", "available", ".", "Dial", "up", "internet", "services", "in", "Somalia", "were", "among", "the", "fastest", ...
592afdec27864136a2c25f4d68c5dd0b
What was Somalias largest ISP in 2009?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "Somalias", "largest", "ISP", "in", "2009", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 18, 26, 30, 33, 37 ] }
{ "text": [ "Global Internet Company" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 510 ], "end": [ 532 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }
[ "Global Internet Company" ]
SQuAD
As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera...
{ "tokens": [ "As", "of", "2009", ",", "dial", "up", ",", "wireless", "and", "satellite", "services", "were", "available", ".", "Dial", "up", "internet", "services", "in", "Somalia", "were", "among", "the", "fastest", ...
21f0604eae7249fcba2870698885fdef
Who was the only provider of dial up service in Somalias SouthCentral regions in 2009?
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{ "text": [ "Global Internet Company" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 510 ], "end": [ 532 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 102 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ] }
[ "Global Internet Company" ]
SQuAD
Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.
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282a089e0d7042ffb5a4abdd6b9dcce0
What happened in 1975-1982?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "happened", "in", "1975", "-", "1982", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 14, 17, 21, 22, 26 ] }
{ "text": [ "Spanish transition to democracy" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 2 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Spanish transition to democracy" ]
SQuAD
Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.
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ac90155fcd094e6a977d95de7dc0c2b0
What has this official language state done for Catalan?
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{ "text": [ "increased prestige" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 196 ], "end": [ 213 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "increased prestige" ]
SQuAD
Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.
{ "tokens": [ "Since", "the", "Spanish", "transition", "to", "democracy", "(", "1975–1982", ")", ",", "Catalan", "has", "been", "recognized", "as", "an", "official", "language", ",", "language", "of", "education", ",", "an...
fc1da273ae654cc9964ebe2c61608a6e
Where is there nothing like this non-state speech community?
{ "tokens": [ "Where", "is", "there", "nothing", "like", "this", "non", "-", "state", "speech", "community", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 6, 9, 15, 23, 28, 33, 36, 37, 43, 50, 59 ] }
{ "text": [ "Europe" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 240 ], "end": [ 245 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "Europe" ]
SQuAD
Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been recognized as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media, all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. There is no parallel in Europe of such a large, bilingual, non-state speech community.
{ "tokens": [ "Since", "the", "Spanish", "transition", "to", "democracy", "(", "1975–1982", ")", ",", "Catalan", "has", "been", "recognized", "as", "an", "official", "language", ",", "language", "of", "education", ",", "an...
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Besides being the official language and language of education, what other group uses Catalan?
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{ "text": [ "mass media" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 156 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "mass media" ]
SQuAD
During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound sys...
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What has Catalan often been considered?
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{ "text": [ "dialect of Spanish" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 145 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "dialect of Spanish" ]
SQuAD
During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound sys...
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420c69fa040741f99d509f105090b5a4
During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect?
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{ "text": [ "Francoist" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 10 ] } ] }
[ "Francoist" ]
SQuAD
In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/.
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1705a4cab20c403a89496ba61bfc649f
When did the reference Catelaner first appear?
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{ "text": [ "mid 14th century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "mid 14th century" ]
SQuAD
In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/.
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e50e3fa1c373417b9be30a86cad8a8bc
What is a Catalan person called in the 15th century?
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{ "text": [ "Catellain" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 135 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Catellain" ]
SQuAD
In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/.
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What language is the source of the term Catellain?
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[ "French" ]