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SQuAD
In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and...
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d0292109e642430db3c5dab962a10647
What should you check storage spaces in your home for twice-yearly?
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{ "text": [ "hazardous materials" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 425 ], "end": [ 443 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "hazardous materials" ]
SQuAD
DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations obs...
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During the fall time shift from 02:00 to 01:00, how many times will a clock show the times between 01:00:00 and 01:59:59?
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[ "twice" ]
SQuAD
DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations obs...
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c1c1c0fca431474da7ffe27384ed8462
What might a clock showing the same times twice in one day lead to?
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[ "confusion" ]
SQuAD
DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations obs...
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8dc05958938f407b94993d442864c694
What do people often have trouble remembering to do for DST?
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{ "text": [ "change their clocks" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 106 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "change their clocks" ]
SQuAD
DST's clock shifts have the obvious disadvantage of complexity. People must remember to change their clocks; this can be time-consuming, particularly for mechanical clocks that cannot be moved backward safely. People who work across time zone boundaries need to keep track of multiple DST rules, as not all locations obs...
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What added complexity do people working across time zones have to keep track of?
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[ "multiple DST rules" ]
SQuAD
Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l...
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Is it better to harvest grain before or after the morning dew evaporates?
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[ "after" ]
SQuAD
Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l...
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What animal on dairy farms is affected by timing?
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{ "text": [ "cows" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 439 ], "end": [ 442 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 80 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "cows" ]
SQuAD
Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l...
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What does earlier milk delivery do to cows?
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{ "text": [ "disrupts their systems" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 511 ], "end": [ 532 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "disrupts their systems" ]
SQuAD
Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l...
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Some farmers oppose DST because their farm laborers arrive to work and leave later or earlier?
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[ "earlier" ]
SQuAD
Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers, parents of young children, and others whose hours are set by the sun and they have traditionally opposed the practice, although some farmers are neutral. One reason why farmers oppose DST is that grain is best harvested after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and l...
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f541012287cb46178786817ea454c051
Besides farmers, what other group of people set their schedules by the sun?
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[ "parents of young children" ]
SQuAD
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
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When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
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[ "1837" ]
SQuAD
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
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Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
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{ "text": [ "King William IV" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "King William IV" ]
SQuAD
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
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In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
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{ "text": [ "1887, 1909 and 1925" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 107 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "1887, 1909 and 1925" ]
SQuAD
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
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When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?
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{ "text": [ "1971" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 146 ], "end": [ 149 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "1971" ]
SQuAD
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
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What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?
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{ "text": [ "minor amendments" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 172 ], "end": [ 187 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "minor amendments" ]
SQuAD
The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.
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a15b4cf80cc74b1c8760fdca31d54beb
How many satellite offices does the Royal Institute run in the UK?
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{ "text": [ "a dozen" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "a dozen" ]
SQuAD
The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.
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When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?
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{ "text": [ "1966" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 157 ], "end": [ 160 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "1966" ]
SQuAD
The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.
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In what city was the first RIBA branch office opened?
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{ "text": [ "Cambridge" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 144 ], "end": [ 152 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Cambridge" ]
SQuAD
The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.
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What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?
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{ "text": [ "the East of England" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "the East of England" ]
SQuAD
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
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Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?
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[ "an extra hour" ]
SQuAD
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
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During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?
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{ "text": [ "three" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 368 ], "end": [ 372 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 86 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "three" ]
SQuAD
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
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What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?
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{ "text": [ "Double Summer Time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 558 ], "end": [ 575 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 124 ], "end": [ 126 ] } ] }
[ "Double Summer Time" ]
SQuAD
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
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What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?
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[ "Central European Midsummer Time" ]
SQuAD
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
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What was Riba's first name?
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[ "Institute of British Architects in London" ]
SQuAD
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
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In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
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[ "1834" ]
SQuAD
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
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In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
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[ "London" ]
SQuAD
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
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In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
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[ "Architects" ]
SQuAD
DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ...
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What do societies with standardized work schedules have more time for because of the increase in afternoon daylight from DST?
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[ "outdoor exercise" ]
SQuAD
DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ...
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What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?
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[ "vitamin D" ]
SQuAD
DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ...
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b47a02e7a7894aa1bebc07a07a9f0b57
What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?
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[ "Gordon Gund" ]
SQuAD
DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ...
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What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?
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[ "skin cancer" ]
SQuAD
DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin ...
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Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?
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[ "rise earlier" ]
SQuAD
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
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In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
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[ "westward" ]
SQuAD
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
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About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
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[ "67" ]
SQuAD
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
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What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
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{ "text": [ "Central Standard Time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 336 ], "end": [ 356 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "Central Standard Time" ]
SQuAD
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
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Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
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[ "negative DST" ]
SQuAD
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
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What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
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[ "1971" ]
SQuAD
In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including...
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In what year did the NBS revisit the DOT's 1975 study and find traffic fatalities unaffected?
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[ "1976" ]
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In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including...
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What organization made their own estimation in 1995 of a drop in traffic deaths by 1.2%?
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[ "the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety" ]
SQuAD
In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including...
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What's the abbreviation for Single/Double Summer Time?
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[ "SDST" ]
SQuAD
In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including...
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In the two weeks following the time change ending British Summer Time, what percentage hike is there in traffic accidents?
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[ "11%" ]
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In 1975 the US DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction at 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including...
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How much less, on average, do workers in the U.S. sleep on Mondays after switching to DST, according to the 2009 study?
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[ "40 minutes" ]
SQuAD
The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.
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What was the RIBA Library's first address?
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[ "9 Conduit Street" ]
SQuAD
The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.
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Where did RIBA move its library?
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[ "66 Portland Place" ]
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The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.
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In what year did RIBA move its library?
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[ "1934" ]
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The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war.
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Which architect's work was preserved throughout World War II by the Royal Institute's Library?
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The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
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What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?
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[ "the general advancement of Civil Architecture" ]
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The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
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What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
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[ "The original Charter of 1837" ]
SQuAD
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
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70e2ab579a9e40b3913cf53cda4cfde2
What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
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{ "text": [ "promoting and facilitating" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 137 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 29 ] } ] }
[ "promoting and facilitating" ]
SQuAD
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, eve...
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db2df93780664169bb62a95d177775a3
What author is credited with explaining the usage of daylight saving time and daylight savings time with an "s" in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English?
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{ "text": [ "Richard Meade" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "Richard Meade" ]
SQuAD
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, eve...
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9f72490d803b4bbdaa3943c8ad64e4cf
In 1978, according to Meade, which form of the phrase was more commonly used: daylight saving time or daylight savings time?
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{ "text": [ "daylight savings time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "daylight savings time" ]
SQuAD
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, eve...
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c6f78424586c43fa808a9ef1b3122767
Which form of the phrase is more common in print publications?
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{ "text": [ "daylight saving time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 214 ], "end": [ 233 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "daylight saving time" ]
SQuAD
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, eve...
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e0bab0248e9f4bd3ae77f8251a76632d
Joining Merriam-Webster's and the Oxford dictionary, the older form of the phrase without the "s" is still listed first in what dictionary?
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{ "text": [ "American Heritage" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 362 ], "end": [ 378 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "American Heritage" ]
SQuAD
As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an "s") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English ("the change has been virtually accomplished"). Nevertheless, eve...
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57774e7606e04bc1b2ef46ee602a7716
Along with "daylight saving" and "daylight savings," what alternate form does Merriam-Webster's include?
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[ "daylight time" ]
SQuAD
RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.
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9cadfe8f609d41969e074648959c894d
What is the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?
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{ "text": [ "to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture" ]
SQuAD
RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.
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baa3500e1eaa443999c2946b413a6770
When did the Royal Institute and ARB reach accord on a shared body of criteria?
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{ "text": [ "2011" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 135 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "2011" ]
SQuAD
RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.
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1d5a235a93d94e3e932c3b0ec65b3320
What does ARB stand for?
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{ "text": [ "Architects Registration Board" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 201 ], "end": [ 229 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "Architects Registration Board" ]
SQuAD
RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.
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15daf149fd8c42368b9386f7daba222b
What is a key difference between the ARB and Royal Institute?
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{ "text": [ "RIBA also validates courses outside the UK" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 256 ], "end": [ 297 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "RIBA also validates courses outside the UK" ]
SQuAD
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
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aeca496a574c4bc08d1188d03669dadc
What are three divisions of RIBA Enterprises?
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{ "text": [ "RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing" ]
SQuAD
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
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f36c926a1bf34414ae734a4e4a785107
What are two publications produced by RIBA Publishing?
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{ "text": [ "RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 92 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal" ]
SQuAD
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
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74157258f8a1421a93b6ae22aaf0f06f
What does NBS stand for?
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{ "text": [ "National Building Specification" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 161 ], "end": [ 191 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "National Building Specification" ]
SQuAD
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
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3738c4256b6a4014a7efb29d3b96ace4
How many people work for the NBS?
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{ "text": [ "130" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 204 ], "end": [ 206 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "130" ]
SQuAD
Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which op...
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3b79fbc503994347b7beeeb201e58771
Where is the NBS located?
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{ "text": [ "Newcastle" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 135 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "Newcastle" ]
SQuAD
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
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e24b13d92d50498b8a3bae7927a12d00
The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?
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{ "text": [ "historical and predicted clock shifts" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 13 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "historical and predicted clock shifts" ]
SQuAD
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
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a4aded20116f4c939379161bb1b1f5c5
IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?
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{ "text": [ "system maintenance" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 378 ], "end": [ 395 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "system maintenance" ]
SQuAD
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
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d28ea3dd0a62492da2508a2af026f1f1
What environment variable defines a location's name?
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{ "text": [ "TZ" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 423 ], "end": [ 424 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "TZ" ]
SQuAD
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
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f84934b7b4c147cbaecc794d14d25fe9
What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?
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{ "text": [ "timezone-independent epoch time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 799 ], "end": [ 829 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 154 ], "end": [ 158 ] } ] }
[ "timezone-independent epoch time" ]
SQuAD
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
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4d60da06bc7e4e299cbc9e635b4fa17b
What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?
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{ "text": [ "tztab" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 238 ], "end": [ 242 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 47 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "tztab" ]
SQuAD
Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve...
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6b2f4aa92e07498a8211e8a98d6e5634
What year did an accident occur at a German facility with molten steel because of the change to DST?
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{ "text": [ "1993" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "1993" ]
SQuAD
Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve...
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dcdbf3b41a7b4abdb83d9bd66f3a1818
For how much more time was the molten steel supposed to cool when the computer mix-up happened in the German steel facility?
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{ "text": [ "one hour" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 185 ], "end": [ 192 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "one hour" ]
SQuAD
Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve...
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d4cd89f2ed26497d822d6c740da62f81
Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change?
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{ "text": [ "software developers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 483 ], "end": [ 501 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "software developers" ]
SQuAD
Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve...
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fe90bb43d38f44e481a9c46576fe1654
What time system do some computer systems use to avoid the issues of changes in local time?
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{ "text": [ "Coordinated Universal Time" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 828 ], "end": [ 853 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 139 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ] }
[ "Coordinated Universal Time" ]
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Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve...
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What type of computer systems use an internal clock based on UTC time?
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[ "Unix-based" ]
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RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.
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What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation?
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{ "text": [ "RIBA Enterprises" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "RIBA Enterprises" ]
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RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.
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Where does RIBA's business group have its headquarters office?
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[ "15 Bonhill Street in London" ]
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RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.
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How many people work for RIBA Enterprises?
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[ "over 250" ]
SQuAD
RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.
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How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office?
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[ "180" ]
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
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What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?
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{ "text": [ "the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 184 ], "end": [ 241 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom" ]
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
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Which items of legislation did the Royal Institute play a large role in promoting?
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[ "the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Registration) Acts, 1931 to 1938" ]
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
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Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?
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{ "text": [ "the Liverpool University School of Architecture" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 420 ], "end": [ 466 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 74 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "the Liverpool University School of Architecture" ]
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
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What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?
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{ "text": [ "Encyclopædia Britannica" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 567 ], "end": [ 589 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 95 ], "end": [ 96 ] } ] }
[ "Encyclopædia Britannica" ]
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In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
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How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?
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[ "twenty" ]
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The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any...
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When does the Royal Institute's Guide indicate the first RIBA Board was established?
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{ "text": [ "1904" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 242 ], "end": [ 245 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "1904" ]
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The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any...
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What school document had to meet the standards of the Board for admittance?
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{ "text": [ "syllabus" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 365 ], "end": [ 372 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }
[ "syllabus" ]
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The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any...
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What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?
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{ "text": [ "an approved external examiner" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 441 ], "end": [ 469 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 84 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "an approved external examiner" ]
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The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any...
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What body carried out on-site inspection of member schools of the RIBA Board?
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[ "Visiting Board" ]
SQuAD
Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the rela...
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What natural rhythm is disrupted by seasonal changes?
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[ "circadian rhythm" ]
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Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the rela...
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In 2005, what country used increased health risks as rationalization for getting rid of DST?
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[ "Kazakhstan" ]
SQuAD
Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the rela...
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Which Russian president argued that the country should stay in DST year-round because of the stresses of time shifts?
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[ "Dmitri Medvedev" ]
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Clock shifts were found to increase the risk of heart attack by 10 percent, and to disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. A 2008 study found that although male suicide rates rise in the weeks after the spring transition, the rela...
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According to the Swedish study in 2008, for how many weekdays following the "spring forward" do you have a higher risk of heart attack?
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[ "three" ]
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The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
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What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
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[ "Usui civium decori urbium" ]
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The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
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Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
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The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
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What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?
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[ "honorary secretary" ]
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The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
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Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?
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[ "Eric Gill" ]
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The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
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When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?
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[ "1960" ]
SQuAD
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
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ef8d27022dc0478ba3c972680e6f8c41
What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
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{ "text": [ "1995" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 159 ], "end": [ 162 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "1995" ]
SQuAD
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
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f990aeafbd8643f4b6dc45dec6746abf
Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
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{ "text": [ "marked Israel as not having DST" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 228 ], "end": [ 258 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 49 ] } ] }
[ "marked Israel as not having DST" ]
SQuAD
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
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7f3205db479348a0a2763c8e00b87955
How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
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{ "text": [ "twice a year" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 323 ], "end": [ 334 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 60 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "twice a year" ]
SQuAD
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
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b9211c0e55f4465683da5bd8c4c99b9f
What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
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{ "text": [ "The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 372 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law" ]
SQuAD
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
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f6569776e75949e3b37be6c0a2882a87
Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
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{ "text": [ "the Gregorian calendar" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 747 ], "end": [ 768 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 131 ], "end": [ 133 ] } ] }
[ "the Gregorian calendar" ]