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a review of the literature and an extensive medline search revealed that this is the first case report of the use of guaifenesin to increase sperm motility . he reported an inability to conceive with his wife after 18 months of unprotected intercourse . a semen analysis was performed that included spermatozoa count , l...	backgrounda review of the literature and an extensive medline search revealed that this is the first case report of the use of guaifenesin to increase sperm motility.casea 32-year - old male presented for an infertility evaluation . he reported an inability to conceive with his wife after 18 months of unprotected int...
the following section describes the treatment procedure for patients with deep infection following tka using modified static spacers . the original prosthesis was removed , followed by intensive irrigation and wide debridement of the infected soft tissue . a 36 fr - diameter straight thoracic catheter ( mallinckrodt me...	the two - stage exchange arthroplasty ( one- or two - stage ) is believed to be the gold standard for the management of infections following total knee arthroplasty . we herein report a novel two - stage exchange arthroplasty technique using an antibiotic - impregnated cement intramedullary nail , which can be easily...
nathan , as an oncology fellow , knew well that white blood cells fought infections . this was an experiment repeated in front of us all the time , he says : chemotherapy lowered his patients ' white blood cells and increased their risk of infections . mackaness had shown that macrophage activation did not depend on d...	t cells tell macrophages when to start making the toxic soup of lysosomal enzymes , reactive oxygen species , and nitric oxide that destroys intracellular pathogens . in 1983 , carl nathan proved that this start signal comes in the form of the secreted cytokine ifn.
temporary henna tattoos or pseudotattoo have become increasingly widespread among children and adolescent , as a safe and economic alternative to permanent tattoos . it is well - known that allergic skin reactions to natural henna are rare , due to its extremely low rate of sensitization . in india , north of africa , ...	temporary henna tattoos or pseudotattoos have become increasingly widespread among children and adolescent . a generalized skin reaction , type erythema multiforme - like reaction is unusual , and rarely reported . we describe the case of a 7-year - old boy who reported erythematous papular bulls - eye shaped lesions...
a 55 year - old man visited our emergency department because of increasing frequency of chest pain . he had undergone off - pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) 10 years ago because of unstable angina associated with three vessel coronary artery disease . at the initial operation , the in situ right internal t...	we report a redo coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) in a 55-year - old man . angina recurred 7 years after the initial surgery . coronary angiography showed all patent grafts except a faint visualization of the in situ right gastroepiploic artery ( rgea ) graft , which was anastomosed to the posterior descend...
since the introduction of extra - oral implants in reconstruction of craniofacial defects , achieving proper prosthesis retention has become more promising . these problems include ulceration of hard and/or soft tissues used for retention , lack of retention due to prosthesis movement , and tissue irritation caused by ...	implant - supported craniofacial prostheses are made to restore defective areas in the face and cranium . this clinical report describes a technique for fabrication of an orbital prosthesis with three adjacent implants in the left lateral orbital rim of a 60-year - old woman . selection of appropriate attachment sy...
the laparoscopic removal of a cervical stump following a supra cervical ( subtotal ) hysterectomy was first described by nezhat et al , and they concluded that the cervical stump could be removed laparoscopically by an experienced surgeon . the advantages of the laparoscopic approach included possible stump adhesiolysi...	a 43-year - old , who underwent a subtotal hysterectomy for postpartum hemorrhage following a normal delivery , 10 years ago , presented with a history of persistent vaginal discharge and post - coital bleeding . a pap smear reported moderate dysplasia , and a subsequent colposcopic biopsy reported severe dysplasia w...
acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ( agep ) is a rare acute reaction that is drug - induced in 90% of the cases , characterized by a widespread , sterile pustular rash . cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat febrile neutropenia , severe infections related to the urinary tract , ...	acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis ( agep ) is a rare cutaneous rash characterized by widespread sterile nonfollicular pustules . cefepime is a fourth generation cephalosporin , used to treat severe infections . a 67-year - old man was admitted with acute gastroenterocolitis . on the seventh day , the pat...
canaliculitis is a common encounter in ophthalmic practice but supernumerary puncta and canaliculi ( spc ) are rare congenital disorders . in a large series a 59-year - old gentleman presented with painful swelling of the left lower lid for a week , which was associated with epiphora . the swelling was confined to the ...	we report the first case of supernumerary puncta and canaliculi presented with canaliculitis . a-59 year - old gentleman presented with painful swelling of the left lower lid for a week , which was associated with epiphora . the swelling was confined to the nasal aspect of the left lower lid ( 0.50.5 mm ) with infl...
often , a new physics faculty member is faced with the duty of renovating the introductory physics labs . we will provide a list of experiments and equipment needed to convert about half of the traditional labs on a 1-year introductory physics lab into microcomputer - based laboratories ( mbls ) . our student body cons...	nowadays , data acquisition software and sensors are being widely used in introductory physics laboratories . this allows the student to spend more time exploring the data that is collected by the computer hence focusing more on the physical concept . very often , a faculty is faced with the challenge of updating o...
the potential relevance of endothelial activation biomarkers to sepsis has been raised in both this journal and others [ 1 - 3 ] . biomarkers for sepsis associated with the endothelial glycocalyx remain relatively unknown , however , and this commentary attempts to reverse this omission . the term glycocalyx ( sweet hu...	sepsis is the third largest cause of death in industrialised countries , but treatment remains largely supportive and effective therapeutic interventions are urgently needed . disruption and dysfunction of the microvascular endothelium leading directly or indirectly to multiple organ failure are now recognised to und...
the adenoma is solitary in 8590% of patients , while others have multiple adenomas or parathyroid hyperplasia . accurate preoperative localization is essential for good surgical outcome , and inability to locate the adenoma in an ectopic gland may delay the diagnosis . nuclear imaging accurately localizes the tumor in ...	primary hyperparathyroidism often presents with protean manifestations , resulting in delayed diagnosis . at times , aberrant development and migration of the gland leads to ectopic location leading to problems in localization . judicious use of combination methods of localization is recommended in treatment failur...
fixed drug eruption ( fde ) is a distinctive variant of drug induced dermatoses characterized by sharply demarcated , erythematous patches with / without blistering that develop within hours of administration of the causative drug and heals with postinflammatory residual hyperpigmentation . it usually recurs at the sam...	fixed drug eruptions ( fde ) are the common dermatological adverse drug reaction accounts for 1621% of all cutaneous drug reactions in india . drugs most frequently implicated in fde are antimicrobials , anticonvulsants , and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs . here , we report a rare case of bullous fde due to cip...
though both minor and major spontaneous or post - operative bleeding is the most common presentation of this rare disorder , there are several case reports of thrombotic complications also . there are few reports of myocardial infarction ( mi ) in the literature in patients of afibrinogenemia . a 33-year - old man , wh...	afibrinogenemia is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:1,000,000 . usual presentation of this disorder is spontaneous bleeding , bleeding after minor trauma and excessive bleeding during interventional procedures . paradoxically , few patients with afibrinogenemia may also...
mesenteric pseudocyst is a term used to describe abdominal cystic mass without the origin of abdominal organ.(1 ) this has been classified according to embryologic , ehiologic , histologic , and ther data , causing considerable confusion . it was considered the term mesenteric cyst as merely descriptive , and apply a h...	mesenteric pseudocyst is rare . this term is used to describe the abdominal cystic mass , without the origin of abdominal organ . we presented a case of mesenteric pseudocyst of the small bowel in a 70-year - old man . esophago - gastro - duodenoscopy showed a 3.5 cm sized excavated lesion on the posterior wall o...
we used the lrn as a conduit to maintain the confidentiality and anonymity of the variola testing sites . a convenience sample of 45 laboratory workers completed an online survey developed by researchers at the university of nebraska medical center ( omaha , ne , usa ) . nonidentifying demographic information was colle...	to evaluate the need to revaccinate laboratory workers against smallpox , we assessed regular revaccination at the us laboratory response network s variola testing sites by examining barriers to revaccination and the potential for persistence of immunity . our data do not provide evidence to suggest prolonging the reco...
compromised renal functions and previous central nervous system ( cns ) disease have been shown to predispose to this neurotoxicity . we describe a case of acute transient encephalopathy in a patient treated with ceftriaxonefor enteric fever infection . the present case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and managem...	ceftriaxone is a commonly used , third - generation cephalosporin . encephalopathy is a rare side effect of third- and fourth - generation cephalosporins . renal failure and previous disease of the central nervous system predispose to this neurotoxicity . we describe a case of acute transient encephalopathy in a ...
a 2-year - old asian indian female presented to us with mild fever and swelling of the right upper lid of 10 days duration . there was no history of preceding viral illness or significant medical history necessitating treatment with antibiotics . cutaneous anthrax was unlikely as there was no history of unexplained cat...	ecthyma gangrenosum ( eg ) is a cutaneous infection which usually occurs in immunocompromised patients . we report a case of eg of the eyelid treated with escharotomy and skin grafting , highlighting the importance of surgical management . a 2-year - old asian indian female presented to us with right upper lid edema ...
recent times have witnessed much turmoil regarding the ' life is sacred at any cost ' maxim . current technology is capable of indiscriminately maintaining some of the vital functions of the body , but the same technology does not necessarily allow us to heal underlying disease processes . an unintended side effect of ...	when patients or their families rarely request inappropriate end of life care in the icu for capricious reasons . end of life treatment decisions that only prolong discomfort and death are usually emotional and based on unrealistic expectations . i explore some of those reasons in this paper .
oral infections of geotrichum candidum are clinically similar to candidiasis and commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and hiv infection , . cases of dissemination and fungemia are reported in patients with chronic and acute myeloid leukemia , , , , , , . old women post - partum with isolated renal calculi and ren...	geotrichum candidum is yeast like fungi that cause infections in immunocompromised patients . we report a case of renal fungal ball with geotrichum candidum in a 27 yr . old women post - partum . this case to our knowledge is the first case of renal fungal bezoar due to geotrichum candidum reported in india .
many different chemotherapy regimens were therefore developed.13 however , little is known on the feasibility and efficiency of chemotherapy for these cancer types in patients with severe renal failure.46 only case reports on the pharmacology of irinotecan in patients with colon or rectal cancer are available at presen...	we present the first case report of a complete response of metastatic gastroesophageal cancer in a chronic hemodialysis patient with irinotecan - based chemotherapy . an elderly dialysis patient presented with diffuse liver metastases by a gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma . he received combination chemotherapy with ...
in 2009 , a 52-year - old woman presented with a single lesion on her nose , which started as a papule , referred to sedighe tahereh clinic , isfahan , iran . the lesion had existed for a period of 14 months and was slowly increasing in size , enlarging to a plaque . the diagnosis of leishmaniasis was confirmed with a ...	leishmaniasis is a protozoan infection due to organisms of the genus leishmania . the differential diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes arthropod bites , basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) and other malignancies . bcc is the most common form of skin cancer . we present a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis resista...
in the previous issue of critical care , chase and coworkers reported on their implementation into clinical practice and evaluation of the specialized relative insulin nutrition table ( sprint ) . this is an improved protocol in the form of a wheel - based system to control blood glucose levels and nutritional intake...	the report by chase and coworkers in the previous issue of critical care describes the implementation into clinical practice of the specialized relative insulin nutrition table ( sprint ) for tight glycaemic control in critically ill patients . sprint is a simple , wheel - based system that modulates both insulin rat...
group a included patients of arm with ru fistula who had undergone posterior sagittal anorectoplasty ( psarp ) without closure of ru fistula , from february 2006 to january 2010 . the rest of the psarp procedure was the same as conventionally done , the only difference being that we did not close the ru fistula after s...	aim : to study the effect of nonclosure of rectourethral ( ru ) fistula and to do a comparative analysis of the complications with and without nonclosure of ru fistula during posterior sagittal anorectoplasty ( psarp ) in anorectal malformation cases ( arm).materials and methods : a total of 68 cases of arm were includ...
organic foreign bodies are generally associated with severe inflammatory reaction and infection , while the nature of reaction elicited by inorganic foreign bodies depends on the material of the foreign body . graphite , which is the major constituent of pencil lead , has been reported to remain inert in the eye for a ...	retained intraocular graphite foreign bodies are uncommon . although they are generally inert , they have been reported to cause severe inflammatory reaction and progressive damage to intraocular structures . we report a case of a six - year - old girl with a retained intraocular graphite pencil lead foreign body i...
ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate was first reported by melicow and pachter in 1967 as an endometrial carcinoma prostatic utricle . since then , ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate has been found to account for 0.27.5% of all prostate carcinomas . a 73-year - old man was referred to our hospital due to an eleva...	ductal adenocarcinoma is an unusual variant of adenocarcinoma of the prostate . a 73-year - old male was referred to our hospital for the further examination of an elevated prostate - specific antigen level of 23.4 ng / ml . radical prostatectomy ( rp ) was performed based on the diagnosis obtained by a prostate ne...
incidental detection of small renal masses is increasing . this has led to an increase in biopsy of small renal masses , a proportion of which needle biopsy of small renal masses is controversial owing to the risk of seeding malignant cells along the needle tract . needle tract seeding is a rare event ; the incidence i...	a 66-year - old man underwent computed tomography - guided needle biopsy of a suspicious renal mass . two months later he underwent partial nephrectomy . histology revealed a 30-mm clear cell renal cell carcinoma , up to fuhrman grade 3 . an area of the capsule was interrupted , which corresponded to a hemorrhagi...
a male neonate born to g2 p1l1 mother at term by spontaneous vaginal delivery to iii degree consanguineous marriage was found to have proximal shortening of both upper and lower limbs [ figure 1 ] . the antenatal period was uneventful and antenatal ultrasound was reportedly not done during pregnancy and the mother was ...	a male neonate was born with rhizomelic shortening of limbs . skeletal radiograph showed punctate calcification of epiphysis of humerus , femur , and tibia . the diagnosis and a brief review of literature pertaining to the condition with emphasis on antenatal diagnosis and counseling are being reported .
a 56-year - old female presented with best corrected visual acuity ( bcva ) of 20/120 and nuclear sclerosis ( nuclear opacity 3 , nuclear color 2 using lens opacification classification system iii ) in the left eye ( le ) . the surgery was performed using proparacaine drops ( paracain ophthalmic solution 0.5% , sunways...	foldable intraocular lens ( iol ) implantation using an injector system through 2.8-mm clear corneal incision following phacoemulsification provides excellent speedy postoperative recovery . in our reported case , a sensar ar40e iol ( abbott medical optics , usa ) was loaded into emerald c cartridge , outside the vie...
when the gallbladder is not visualized in its normal location , the possibility of its ectopic location should be considered . a case of incidentally detected anomalous position of gall bladder causing confounding problem in interpretation of pet - ct is described . a 70-year - old man , with h / o chronic liver diseas...	the purpose of this study was to appraise the imageologists of a possible mislocalization of tracer accumulation to anomalously placed gallbladder during positron emission tomography - computed tomography ( pet / ct ) examination . pet / ct is increasingly playing an important role in staging and restaging of the dis...
anterior cervical spine fusion and stabilization is a well established procedure for cervical myelopathy , radiculopathy , neoplasms , and cervical trauma2 ) . although injuries to the pharynx and esophagus are known complications of anterior cervical spine surgery , delayed pharyngeal or esophageal perforation is rare...	although anterior approaches to the cervical spine are popular and safe , they cause some of complications . esophageal perforation after anterior spinal fusion is a rare but potentially life - threatening complication . we present a rare case of delayed esophageal perforation caused by a cervical screw placed via th...
a dna sequence contains six potential open reading frames ( orfs ) , three on one strand and three on the reverse strand . however , typically only one of the six is actually expressed because it is associated with appropriate genetic signals that specify the dna strand and the reading frame to be transcribed and trans...	alterorf is a searchable database that contains information regarding alternate open reading frames ( orfs ) for over 1.5 million genes in 481 prokaryotic genomes . the objective of the database is to provide a platform for improving genome annotation and to serve as an aid for the identification of prokaryotic genes...
the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) is over expressed in various solid malignancies including non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . however , they are associated with a dermatologic side effects , which can occasionally be responsible for discontinuation of the egfr inhibitors . hence , we report a case of m...	we report a case of gefitinib - induced skin ulceration in a 50-year - old female with metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung who developed this adverse effect 2 weeks following initiation of gefitinib at a dose of 250 mg / day . the ulcer improved with stopping gefitinib for 2 weeks and also addition of topical steroids an...
a 28-year - old man who was known to have fhi in the right eye was referred for secondary iol implantation . six years before referral , his right eye had undergone cataract surgery which was complicated by the capsular rupture and vitreous prolapse , for which the patient received complete anterior vitrectomy with rem...	implantation of iris - claw artisan intraocular lens ( iol ) is a surgical option for correction of aphakia ; however , these iols have not been used in eyes with uveitis including fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis ( fhi ) due to possible risk of severe postoperative intraocular inflammation . in the case reported he...
frontometaphyseal dysplasia ( fmd ) , also called gorlin cohen syndrome , is a hereditary x - linked dominant syndrome described in 1969 with less than 30 cases described in the literature . this case report of a child with fmd is presented owing to the rarity of the syndrome and the anticipated difficult airway , whic...	frontometaphyseal dysplasia ( fmd ) , also called gorlin - cohen syndrome , is a rare hereditary x - linked dominant craniotubular bone disorder . the presentation describes the airway management of a 2-year - old child suffering from fmd with significant retrognathia , posted for major long bone corrective osteotomy...
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic , autoimmune , demyelinating disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) . presenting symptoms can vary greatly , but most commonly involve weakness , paresthesia , gait difficulty , or visual deficits . virtually any area of the cns white matter can be involved , though this mo...	while brain stem involvement in multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is relatively common , isolated cranial nerve palsies are rare , especially when they represent the initial presenting sign of a new diagnosis of ms . this report describes a patient with no prior history of ms whose sole presenting sign was an isolated abduce...
non - hodgkin lymphomas ( nhls ) account for approximately 60% of all lymphomas in children and adolescents . childhood nhls are subdivided into burkitt 's lymphoma , diffuse large b - cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) , lymphoblastic lymphoma , and anaplastic large - cell lymphoma . dlbcl is characterized by relatively more fre...	extra nodal presentation of non hodgkins lymphoma ( nhl ) is a rare entity , and data available about the nhl that primarily involves of middle ear and mastoid is limited . we report a case of diffuse large b cell lymphoma ( dlbcl ) , in a 2 year 8 month old boy , who developed otalgia and facial palsy . computed tom...
acute pancreatitis due to antipsychotic treatment is rare but sometimes causes a fatal adverse effect . some atypical antipsychotic agents , including clozapine , olanzapine , quetiapine , and risperidone , are associated with acute pancreatitis.1,2 ) among them , acute pancreatitis caused by risperidone is the rarest....	acute pancreatitis with antipsychotic treatment is rare but sometimes causes a fatal adverse effect . most cases of acute pancreatitis due to atypical antipsychotic agents are reported to occur within six months of starting antipsychotic administration . acute pancreatitis caused by risperidone is rare . the pati...
an atlanto - axial synovial cyst is very rare . since the first report of this lesion by onofrio and mih1 ) in 1988 , to our knowledge . however , the current report described a patient with a large hemorrhagic cystic mass which was seen around prevertebral space of the atlantoaxial joint on the left side and the obstr...	synovial cyst on prevertebral space of c1 - 2 joint is rare but may be associated hemorrhagic event . we describe a case of a 72-year - old woman who presented with sudden severe headache in her left occipital area with dyspnea . she had rheumatoid arthritis for 14-years . large hemorrhagic cystic mass was seen a...
colchicine is a widely used drug for treatment of familial mediterranean fever ( fmf ) . clinical manifestations of colchicine intoxication include abdominal cramps , diarrhea , myotoxicity , hemolytic anemia and ( pan)cytopenia . a 9-years - old female patient , receiving colchicine for four months with a dose of 1 mg...	colchicine is frequently used in the treatment of familial mediterranean fever ( fmf ) . first symptoms of colchicine intoxication are gastrointestinal disturbances , such as abdominal cramps , diarrhea , pancytopenia and so on . herein , we report a female fmf patient with pancytopenia and hemophagocytic lymphohit...
he had suffered from intermittent headache for 2 months and had taken benzodiazepines and analgesics under the diagnosis of somatoform disorder at a local clinic . he had a 5-day history of diplopia and a 3-day history of blurred vision that progressed to blindness during the preceding 24 hours . on admission his blood...	ocular complications of hiv - related cryptococcal meningitis are reasonably common , but complete binocular blindness as the first manifestation of hiv is extremely rare . a 58-year - old man presented with binocular blindness . he experienced blurred vision for 3 days before the blindness . mild pleocytosis was p...
most common cause of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( lgib ) in elderly patient is diverticular disease and mortality rate is very low 24% . a massive lgib from primary ilio - rectal fistula is rare and difficult to diagnosis but more common from secondary after previous vascular surgery a variety of treatment opt...	abstractmassive lower gastrointestinal from primary isolated ilio - rectal fistula is a rare condition and difficult to diagnosis and emergency surgery for this situation has a high mortality rate . this report describes a successful operation in an 88-year - old man at present with massive lower gastrointestinal hem...
the majority of swallowed indigestible foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract without complications [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] . however , there are three physiological narrowings involving the pylorus , duodenal c - loop and ileocecal valve . foreign bodies longer than 10 cm , such as a toothbrush , can not neg...	most ingested foreign bodies will pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract . nevertheless , long and rigid foreign bodies are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal impaction , perforation and bleeding . moreover , there has been no case of spontaneous passage of a toothbrush reported . the...
a 55-year - old man presented at our emergency department with sudden - onset sharp chest pain that had started two hours previously . he also complained of progressive swelling and bruising on his neck , and the development of dysphagia and dyspnea over the previous two hours . he had a history of admission with spont...	hematemesis is a rare manifestation of a ruptured bronchial artery aneurysm ( baa ) in the mediastinum . it is difficult to diagnose a ruptured baa presenting as hematemesis , because it can be confused with other diseases , such as boerhaave s syndrome , variceal disease , or a perforated ulcer . in this report , ...
in the previous issue of critical care , kmpers and colleagues demonstrated a direct correlation between increased peripheral blood levels of the vascular growth factor , angiopoietin ( angpt)-2 , and mortality in 43 critically ill adults with sepsis . endothelial injury is one of the main hallmarks of sepsis , leadi...	the early recognition and management of sepsis remain the greatest challenges in the field of critical care medicine . endothelial injury is one of the hallmarks of sepsis , leading to capillary leak , microcirculatory dysfunction , organ failure , and eventual death in many critically ill patients . the angiogenic...
pentalogy of cantrell is a rare multiple congenital malformation which occurs worldwide with a reported incidence of 5.5 per million live births.1 the exact cause is not known but is mainly thought to be sporadic , though its being associated with some chromosomal disorders like trisomy 1823 and deletion on locus at xq...	pentalogy of cantrell is a rare congenital malformation whose exact cause is not completely understood ; it is characterized by defects in the anterior abdominal and thoracic walls consisting of omphalocoele , diaphragmatic defect , ectopia cordis , intracardiac defects and sternal clefts . the complex has variable c...
we report involvement of unusual site in ilio - acetabular region with breach in articular cartilage . intra - operatively breach in acetabular roof was seen which was missed in the scan . this case report emphasizes about the rarity of the lesion in this location and the rare chances of breach in articular cartilage o...	introduction : desmoid tumor of bone is a rare benign tumor . it is reported commonly in mandibular and meta - diaphyseal region of long bones . we report involvement of unusual site in ilio - acetabular region with breach in articular cartilage.case report : a 40 year old female presented with pain in the left hip ....
few similar cases are reported in literature but none of them is associated with mirizzi syndrome . radiological images could help the surgeon to choose the surgical strategy and to evaluate the presence of associated diseases . in our case laparoscopic surgery showed to be an excellent approach for both the cholecyste...	a gallbladder incarcerated hernia associated with mirizzi syndrome is a very rare entity and to our knowledge this is the first case ever described in literature . an 85-year - old man presented at the emergency department with a tender right upper quadrant mass . computed tomography ( ct ) revealed the presence of a...
the long - term survival of patients with hematological malignancies has improved dramatically over the past decades . nowadays , about 40% of patients with acute leukemia or high - grade non - hodgkin lymphoma survive for more than 5 years and about 30% of these patients can be cured . unfortunately , owing to their u...	the spectacular improvement in long - term prognosis of patients with hematological malignancies since the 1980s , coupled with the subsequent improvement over the past decade in short- and mid - term survival in cases of critical illness , resulted in an increasing referral of such patients to the icu . a remaining qu...
congenital coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the descending aorta which typically is located at the ligamentum arteriosum just distal to the left subclavian artery . this condition may be undiagnosed until adult life , when the clinical presentation most often is high blood pressure ( bp ) in both or more seld...	the present case shows that a normal brachial blood pressure ( bp ) does not exclude severe coarctation and should be considered in normotensive patients presenting with a systolic murmur and/or unexplained severe left ventricular hypertrophy . congenital coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing of the descending aort...
in rare conditions , bacteria from carbuncles can spread into the bloodstream and migrate to other areas of the body , causing serious complications such as septicemia and infections in the liver , bones , joints , heart , and central nervous system . we describe an original case of forehead carbuncle with intractable ...	although carbuncles are commonly seen and may heal on their own or respond well to treatment , in rare conditions , bacteria from carbuncles can spread into the bloodstream and migrate to other areas of the body . herein , we report on an elderly female who suffered from forehead carbuncle with intractable headache ,...
placental polyp is a somewhat pedunculated remnant of chorionic tissue retained in the uterine cavity for an indefinite time . it may result in abnormal uterine bleeding and slightly elevated detectable titers of serum -human chorionic gonadotropin ( hcg ) . these pedunculated masses of villi are often found within day...	placental polyp is retained placental tissue within the endometrial cavity , which forms a nidus for inflammation and bleeding . there are very few reported cases of the clinical placental polyp . here , we report a case of 34-year - old g4l3ab1 woman with the chief complaint of intermittent vaginal bleeding since ...
many organs can be herniated into the scrotum such as small intestine , appendix , colon , and ovaries . ureteral herniation is extremely rare , usually asymptomatic and is reported as isolated case report or small series . we report the case of an 88-year - old man treated for inguinoscrotal hernia where the left uret...	an inguinoscrotal hernia is a common disorder that usually contains intraperitoneal organs ( small intestine , colon , appendix , ovaries ) . extraperitoneal ureteral herniation into an inguinoscrotal hernia is a rare condition and often associated with congenital abnormalities or postoperative anatomic changes . a...
pancreatic heterotopia is defined as the presence , outside its usual location , of pancreatic tissue which lacks anatomical and vascular continuity with the pancreas proper ( 1 ) . the heterotopic pancreas ( hp ) is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly , with an incidence between 0.55% and 13.7% in autopsy series ...	heterotopic , aberrant or ectopic pancreas is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue in topographic anomaly , with no anatomical , neural or vascular connection to the normal pancreas . it is a rare condition found mainly in stomach , duodenum and jejunum . ileal heterotopic pancreas is an uncommon condition an...
primary neuroendocrine carcinoma ( nec ) of the breast is a rare distinct clinicopathological entity , comprising 0.5 - 2% of breast carcinomas world - wide . in 2003 , primary nec of the breast was identified as a distinct entity by the world health organization ( who ) classification of tumors . the who classificatio...	cases of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma ( nec ) of the breast have been reported , though rare . we report the case of a 45-year - old woman presented with jaundice and evaluated to have liver metastasis from neuroendocrine origin . she underwent whole body positron emission tomography / computed tomography , whi...
hemifacial spasm is a disorder of the seventh cranial nerve , and is characterized by irregular , involuntary and recurrent tonic and clonic contractions of the ipsilateral facial expression muscles . each spontaneous motor paroxysm starts with eye twitching and progresses to involve the other muscles innervated by the...	hemifacial spasm is a disorder of the seventh cranial nerve , which is characterized by irregular , involuntary and recurrent tonic and clonic contractions of the ipsilateral facial expression muscles . this disorder affects mainly adults , and there are few cases reported in childhood . the main etiologies are vas...
the common occurrence of these tumors is prevalent among males in their second or third decades of life with site predilection toward trunk and extremities , especially in the forearm . however , the incidence of al is extremely rare in the intraoral region , with only 21 reported cases in english literature . a 90-yea...	we present an extremely rare case of noninfiltrating angiolipoma ( al ) of the buccal mucosa in a 90-year - old patient reaching a size of 14 cm 10 cm . al is rare in the soft tissues of oral cavity , and till date , only 22 cases have been reported , including our case . if size be taken into consideration , our ...
oral angiokeratomas are most commonly found as a component of the generalized systemic disorder in fabry 's disease or fucosidosis , where multiple angiokeratomas can be found on the skin and the oral mucosa . we report a rare case of a patient with multiple oral and scrotal angiokeratomas in the absence of a systemic ...	we report a 60-year - old man who presented with a 2-year history of painless red raised lesions involving the tongue and scrotum . histopathology was suggestive of angiokeratoma . oral angiokeratomas are most commonly found as a component of the generalized systemic disorder in fabry 's disease or fucosidosis . ...
subdural spinal hematoma is an extremely rare complication of spinal and epidural anesthesia and may lead to cauda equina syndrome , bowel bladder dysfunction or even complete permanent paraplegia . a 60-year - old female patient was diagnosed to have osteoarthritis of right knee joint and was advised knee arthroplasty...	combined spinal - epidural anesthesia ( cse ) is considered safe in lower limb surgeries . we report a case of sudden neurological deterioration in a stable postoperative patient who was given cse for total knee replacement and low molecular weight heparin in postoperative period . on the 4th postoperative day , sh...
successful laparoscopic treatment has been described previously in only a few cases . rarely the diagnosis is suspected preoperatively when using only ultrasound . other diagnostic tests like magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography ( mrcp ) , endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) and intraoperativ...	double gallbladder is a rare finding in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis or acute cholecystitis . the incidence has been described as 1 in every 4000 - 5000 patients during autopsy . to identify the gallbladder ( gb ) duplication prior to surgical removal of the gb is of upmost importance . it is not unus...
in the present issue of critical care , linder and colleagues present a new study in which they assess the clinical importance of serial measurements of heparin - binding protein ( hbp ) plasma levels in critically ill septic and nonseptic patients . they found that hbp plasma levels are significantly higher in patient...	heparin - binding protein ( hbp ) , also known as azurocidin , has multiple functions in the inflammatory process , especially during severe infections . beside its antimicrobial properties , hbp may induce vascular leakage leading to extravascular efflux , which is an important pathophysiologic event in the developm...
adrenal myelolipoma is a tumor - like lesion composed of variable amounts of mature adipose tissue and bone marrow elements . in spite of wbc and rbc precursors such as megakaryocytes giercke in 1905 first described and 24 years later , oberling coined the term myelolipoma. only two cases under the age of 16 are repor...	myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor of adrenal gland and rarer in children . myelolipoma contains adipose tissue and myeloid precursor producing white blood cells ( wbc ) , red blood cells ( rbc ) and megakaryocytes . asymptomatic tumor does not require treatment whereas symptomatic tumor needs operation . we are ...
obsessive compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a common psychiatric disorder ( 2% - 3% of the general population ) which is diagnosed easily most of the time by the psychiatrist or even the physician . it is sometimes very difficult to properly diagnose a person for ocd based only on an interview . the presentation of ocd ma...	obsessive compulsive disorder ( ocd ) is a common psychiatric disorder which is easily recognized . however , sometimes patients of ocd present in such an atypical or bizarre way that their problem comes to notice as being a psychiatric disorder after multiple consultations in different specialties . we are reporti...
we did a single - center retrospective analysis of seven patients with pelvic abscess treated by eus transrectal drainage between january 2010 and august 2014 . there were four men and three women , with a median age of 50 years ( range 22 - 68 ) . a concomitant intravenous antibiotic treatment was always administered ...	background and objective : pelvic abscesses are a well - known complication of intestinal diseases or abdominal surgery . we report our case series concerning transrectal drainage by endoscopic ultrasound ( eus).methods : between january 2010 and august 2014 , seven patients received transrectal drainage by endoscopic ...
lymphangioma circumscriptum ( lc ) or microcystic lymphatic malformation is a hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic channels of the skin . treatment of lc is difficult because of the persistent nature of the disease due to deeper subcutaneous cisternal connections . we report here a case of lc treated effectively...	lymphangioma circumscriptum ( lc ) , a hamartomatous lymphatic malformation , is a therapeutic challenge for the dermatologist . various modalities like surgical excision , lasers , and sclerotherapy have been used in the past to treat this notorious skin condition . we report the efficacy of a radiofrequency ablat...
a patient was immediately referred to our department after epidural endoscopy with severe bilateral visual impairment and underwent complete ophthalmologic examination . a 45-year old man suffered from low back pain unresponsive to pharmacologic treatment , radiating to the left hip and left lower extremity , due to a ...	purposeto report a case of acute visual loss after endoscopic spinal surgery.methodsa patient was immediately referred to our department after epidural endoscopy with severe bilateral visual impairment and underwent complete ophthalmologic examination.resultsvisual acuity was decreased in both eyes . fundus examinati...
spinal epidural hemangiomas have been reported in the literature , but most of them were cavernous type hemangiomas that enable a preoperative differential diagnosis with relative ease . the limited number of spinal epidural hemangiomas and few radiological findings make an exact diagnosis difficult prior to surgery . ...	a spinal epidural hemangioma is rare . in this case , a 51 year - old female patient had low back pain and right thigh numbness . she was initially misdiagnosed as having a ruptured disc with possible sequestration of granulation tissue formation due to the limited number of spinal epidural hemangiomas and little -...
schwannoma may arise from any peripheral nerve and is often found in the chest wall and posterior mediastinum . however , case reports of intrapulmonary schwannoma are extremely rare . a 38-year - old man was referred to our institution because of an abnormal shadow found incidentally on the chest x - ray . the plain c...	a 38-year - old man without any symptoms was admitted to our institution because of an abnormal shadow found incidentally on a chest x - ray . chest computed tomography showed a round mass in the lingular segment of the left upper lobe . lingular segmentectomy was performed , and the histopathological diagnosis was...
written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images . a copy of the written consent is available for review by the editor - in - chief of this journal on request . lumbar hernias are rare and good history and general physical examination can rule out most o...	lumbar hernias are uncommon and about 300 cases have been reported till date . they commonly occur due to trauma , surgery and infection . they are increasingly being reported after motor vehicle collision injuries . however , spontaneous lumbar hernias are rare and are reported infrequently . it is treated with diff...
duodeno - duodenal intussusception , which involves the distal invagination of a segment of the duodenum , is a rare condition owing to the retroperitoneal fixation of the duodenum , which is sometime absent in cases of intestinal malrotation . the vast majority ( 8090% ) of cases of intestinal intussusception are seco...	highlightsintussusception is not always seen on ultrasonography but can revealed by a ct-scan.any child , and especially those with previous congenital disorders , must undergo upper gi- endoscopy at the presence of intermittent upper gastrointestinal symptoms as vomiting , abdominal pain and gastro - oesophageal reflu...
we report the case of a 13yearold boy with neuromuscular proximal thoracic scoliosis who was found to have significant torsion of the left main bronchus during general anesthesia for posterior instrumented spinal fusion of t2 to l4 . this patient had a background history of multicore myopathy , which resulted in progre...	key clinical messagepulmonary function tests such as flowvolume loops and reconstructive radiological imaging may aid the detection of large airway obstruction prior to corrective surgery for severe scoliosis . intraoperative use of halogravity traction may help to reduce the severity of the scoliosis , and thus the ...
the vertebral fractures is the most common complications of osteoporosis.13 ) these fractures result in significant mortality and morbidity including prolonged and intractable pain.4,13 ) percutaneous vertebroplasty , a therapeutic procedure for filling the collapsed vertebral body with polymethylmethacrylate , provide...	we experienced a 73-year - old male with lumbar nerve root compression due to leakage of bone cement after vertebroplasty . he was underwent vertebroplasty for acute osteoporotic l4 compression fracture at our hospital . after vertebroplasty , his back pain was improved but right leg pain was newly developed . lu...
in order to select dna fragments of interest to be purified , these should be resolved in agarose or acrylamide gels gel stained with ethidium bromide by electrophoresis using 0.5x tbe buffer ( tris borate , edta ) at 120 volts for 1 hour . for this , ~ 700 ng of plasmid pproex - gdmre11s ( 6000-bp ) previously digeste...	purified dna fragments are used for different purposes in molecular biology and they can be prepared by several procedures . most of them require a previous electrophoresis of the dna fragments in order to separate the band of interest . then , this band is excised out from an agarose or acrylamide gel and purified b...
germ cell tumors often complicate uncorrected cryptorchidism with an incidence of 9.8% reported by martin . occurrence of pure yolk sac tumor however is uncommon in the undescended testis with only a few cases reported in literature . we present a case of yolk sac tumor in a 2-year - old boy in the undescended testis w...	yolk sac tumor is the most common germ cell tumor in infants and children . majority of them arise in the gonads . yolk sac tumor of undescended testis has been rarely diagnosed . we present a case of yolk sac tumor in right undescended testis in a 2-year - old child primarily diagnosed by fine needle aspiration ...
a 70 year old woman first visited our clinic for right hand bradykinesia and gait disturbance unresponsive to levodopa treatment . at age 67 , she started to feel clumsiness in her right hand and to walk with very short stride and festination . her gait disturbance rapidly worsened until she was unable to walk without ...	parkinson s disease is a principal underlying disease of neuroleptic malignant syndrome ( nms ) occurring in parkinsonian disorders , but nms may occur in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy . we report first patient with corticobasal degeneration ( cbd ) who developed nms after a...
kawasaki disease ( kd ) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown cause that occurs primarily in children and rarely in adults . in the absence of specific laboratory tests , we report an unusual case of an elderly man with several unique features of incomplete kd . a 75-year - old white man was admitted to our hospit...	kawasaki disease ( kd ) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology , affecting predominantly young children . here , we describe an unusual case of a 75-year - old man with several unique features of incomplete kd . healthcare professionals should therefore be aware of the importance of considering kd at any age ...
this 41-year - old housewife , educated up to sixth standard , hailing from middle socioeconomic status , with nil contributory family history , and suffering from hypertension and myopia in left eye ( + 0.75 ) and hypermetropia in right eye ( 0.75 ) , reported to outpatient clinic with history of 10-years duration cha...	a case of obsessive - compulsive disorder ( ocd ) with seasonal variation in symptoms of 10-years duration is reported because of its rarity . the phenomenology of the observed disorder was obsessions related to dirt and contamination resulting in washing compulsions with onset in october and complete resolution in a...
restrictive cardiomyopathies are defined as restrictive ventricular physiology in the presence of normal or reduced diastolic volumes ( of one or both ventricles ) , normal or reduced systolic volumes , and normal ventricular wall thickness . usually , patients develop severe symptoms of heart failure over a short peri...	restrictive cardiomyopathy ( rcm ) is a relatively rare form of cardiomyopathy with high mortality which is characterized by impaired filling of the ventricles in the presence of normal wall thickness and systolic function . rcm is generally seen in association with infiltrative , storage , or systemic diseases . w...
maintaining the microsurgical field , free from flooding with irrigation fluid , is important to get good vessel approximation in microsurgery . the commonly followed practice is to keep dry gauze at the periphery of the field so as to siphon off the excessive fluid . a certain amount of the irrigation fluid still rema...	during microvascular anastomosis , it is important to maintain the microsurgical field irrigated yet dry so as to achieve a good view of the vessels for approximation . in this method , an infant feeding tube ( size 4 ) , with its tip sandwiched between layers of dry gauze and a surgical glove component placed in the...
kerosene is refined oil belonging to the hydrocarbon group of compounds , obtained from crude petroleum . poisoning is due to inhalation of fumes or ingestion of small amounts accidentally ( children ) or most of the cases reported in the literature were self - inflicted with the intention of committing suicide which c...	kerosene is refined oil belonging to the hydrocarbon group of compounds , available for domestic use in developing countries . poisoning is due to inhalation , ingestion . kerosene . we report a rare case of attempted suicide by means of intravenous injection of kerosene . it has a devastating effect and it is im...
a 16-year - old boy visited to our neurology clinic with a 12-month history of a clicking noise in the both ears and palatal discomfort . the clicking resembled the sound of snapping fingernails and was externally audible at a distance of 50 cm . he denied any voluntary control over this movement as well as any sensati...	essential palatal tremor ( ept ) is a rare disorder which shows rhythmic involuntary movement of the muscles of soft palate , especially tensor veli palatini muscle . ept is classified by two subtypes , which is primary and secondary ept . secondary ept includes psychogenic type . we describe a case of intractabl...
a 54 year - old - man , presented with multiple , small , well- defined , gray - brown , papules and small papillomatous patches located on his penis , which had appeared over the last year ( figure 1 ) . genital warts , lichen planus , a verrucous nevus and bp were suspected among our clinical diagnosis . the dermosco...	bowenoid papulosis ( bp ) corresponds to an in situ squamous cell carcinoma ( scc ) located in the anogenital region . it is related to hpv , and presents with gray - brown elevated papules or plaques . a biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis ; however , dermoscopy may be useful to differentiate this disease fr...
however , the style of the application may induce both allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from the nsaids and their ingredients . we describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis with diffuse erythematous reaction caused by allergic sensitivity to a component , diisopropanolamine , of a compress used by the...	compresses containing a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ( nsaid ) are commonly used in japan . however , this treatment may induce both allergic and photoallergic contact dermatitis from the nsaids and their ingredients . here , we describe a case of allergic contact dermatitis with diffuse erythematous reaction d...
torsion of uterine adnexa is an important cause of acute abdominal pain reported in the literature.1 however , isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts has rarely been described as a cause for acute abdomen.23 we report a rare case of isolated torsion of fimbrial cysts leading to acute abdomen . a 22-yr - old female presente...	we present a case of a 22-year - old female who presented with acute abdomen and amenorrhea . emergency laprotomy was done with a clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy . on laprotomy , twisted fimbrial cysts were found . thus , although fimbrial cysts are rarely twisted , they should be considered as a cause of...
gender bias in different types of congenital defects is well know . a significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for congenital heart disease with several lesions occurring more frequently in males or in females.12 this difference may be related to differences in hormonal constitution . it has been proposed that...	a significant bias in sex ratio has been documented for several congenital cardiac malformations . transposition of the great arteries has been associated with a such a bias but no explanation has been proposed for this bias . we evaluated 95 isolated livebirths with transposition of the great arteries cases referr...
several randomized trials have demonstrated that breast - conserving surgery followed by radiation therapy , which is called breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) , is as effective as mastectomy and should be a standard treatment for early - stage breast cancer . recently , there has been an increase in reports of angios...	several randomized trials have shown that breast - conserving therapy ( bct ) is as effective as mastectomy and should be a standard treatment for early - stage breast cancer . recently , there has been an increase in reports of angiosarcoma ( as ) after bct . herein , we report a case of as which developed after b...
high concentrations of factor viii and von willebrand factor ( vwf ) contribute to a hypercoagulable state in hyperthyroidism . lower vwf concentrations in hypothyroidism may protect against venous thrombosis .. studies have suggested hypercoagulable state in hypothyroidism . 45-year - old female presented in emergency...	cerebral venous thrombosis ( cvt ) is a multifactorial condition which is described as idiopathic in 12.5% of patients . hyperthyroidism has been associated with cvt in many case reports , and increased levels of factor viii and von willebrand factor ( vwf ) have been proposed as the possible link in this association...
the main therapeutic approach is adrenalectomy and extraction of the tumor from the inferior vena cava and the right atrium . this requires a precise evaluation of the extent of spread of the tumor , a meticulous pre - operative planning and a combined team including general and cardiac surgeons and a cardio - pulmonar...	backgroundadrenocortical carcinoma is a rare , highly malignant tumor . cardiac involvement of the tumor is very rare . echocardiography facilitates the evaluation of the cardiac involvement of the tumor.case presentationwe describe a patient with an adrenal tumor . transthoracic echo showed its extension into th...
syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia . although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza . we report a case of siadh in a patient with influenza...	context : syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone ( siadh ) is a common cause of hyponatremia . although it has been associated with different pulmonary infections , there have been only few case reports describing the association of siadh with influenza.case report : we report a case of siadh in ...
most commonly they arise from cells lining of the central canal within the spinal cord and present as intramedullary tumor . a 59-year - old woman complained of pain in neck over the past 6 years . about 10 months before , she came to us ; she noted pain in her back which was radiating down the lower limbs to the littl...	spinal ependymoma commonly presents as an intramedullary tumor . we present a rare case of multicentric intradural extramedullary spinal ependymoma . a 59 years old female presented to us with spastic quadriparesis for 10 months . magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord showed discretely located enhancing t...
strongyloides stercoralis is a human intestinal nematode that is considered a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas . it is endemic in southeast asia , africa , west indies , south america , bangladesh , and pakistan . the ability to replicate in the human host permits autoinfection of s. stercoral...	s. stercoralis infection is very common in south east asian countries including india . chronic infection is very common with symptoms of diarrhea , abdominal pain , nausea , vomiting , anemia , and cough . hyperinfection and dissemination usually occur in immunocompromised patients with symptoms mimicking asthma ,...
relevant studies were identified through medline , embase , cochrane library , scopus , and clinicaltrials.gov electronic databases and hand - searched from inception through december 2014 . prospective and retrospective observational cohort studies examining the association between statin use ( on hospital admission o...	background : statins modify inflammatory cell signaling during the immune response to infection . this has been considered as a pleotropic effect . effects of statins in inflammatory conditions such as bacteremia have been found to be controversial.aims:we examined the effect of statins on the mortality of bacterem...
intralobar pulmonary sequestration ( ilps ) with an anomalous systemic arterial blood supply represents a mass of nonfunctioning parenchyma surrounded by visceral pleura ( 1 , 2 ) . unlike extralobar sequestration , radiographically demonstrated calcification in the ilps has been reported in some case series , but prim...	the radiologic features of intralobar pulmonary sequestration ( ilps ) have been describe and include the identification of a feeding systemic artery with venous drainage through pulmonary veins . primary sequestration associated with typical hamartoma signs is really rare and has been described only once . we desc...
in a previous issue of critical care , prowle and colleagues describe the results of a cohort study in which incidence and attributable mortality of bloodstream infection ( bsi ) were investigated in university - affiliated hospitals . the cohort included 6,339 patients with an icu stay > 72 hours , of which 330 develo...	mortality associated with nosocomial bloodstream infection is multifactorial . source of infection , etiology , age , underlying disease , acute illness , and appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy all contribute to the final outcome . as such , estimates of mortality attributable to bloodstream infection may dif...
carcinoma of the gallbladder is more common in women and usually seen in patients older than 50 years of age . it is more common in the white population than the black and in western countries than the mediterranean . although areas of squamous differentiation is seen in adenocarcinoma , pure primary squamous cell carc...	squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare and constitutes only 0.5 - 3% of all malignancies of this organ . most of the reported cases have had a component of adenocarcinoma . we report a 70-year - old man who presented with acute onset right upper quadrant pain . he operated on based on a presumptive di...
urinary stones are rarely seen in the urethra and are usually encountered in men with urethral stricture or diverticulum . urethral diverticula can present in many ways , including recurrent urinary tract infections ( utis ) , dysuria , increased urinary frequency , urgency , and hematuria . in addition to causing the ...	abstracturethral diverticula with calculi have a low incidence as reported in the literature . diverticulum of female urethra is rare , often discovered due to associated complications . we report a case of diverticulum of the female urethra containing giant calculi in a 62-year - old multiparous woman . she cons...
in the lips assay , ia-2 ( amino acids 601979 ) was cloned into the pren2 mammalian expression vector downstream of the renilla luciferase ( ruc ) reporter ( 35 ) . monkey kidney cells ( cos1 ) in a 100 mm dish were transfected , and 48 h later , the cells were sonicated , clarified by centrifugation , and the extract ...	objective insulinoma - associated protein 2 ( ia-2 ) is a major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes , and ia-2 autoantibodies are routinely detected by a liquid - phase radioimmunoprecipitation assay . the present experiments were initiated to develop a new assay that does not require the use of radioisotopes or autoanti...
it was a prospective , non - randomized , interventional case - series study of patients with large macular holes . all patients in the study had idiopathic large macular holes as determined by bio microscopy and optical coherence tomography ( oct ) imaging . exclusion criteria were macular holes of < 700 m and macular...	we are presenting the initial results of inverted internal limiting membrane ( ilm ) flap technique for large macular hole . five eyes of five patients with large diameter macular hole ( > 700 m ) were selected . all patients underwent inverted ilm flap technique for macular hole . anatomical closure and function...
a 44-year - old male was visited for back pain and mass around left buttock . he had a medical history that included a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis , from which he had recovered completely 20 years previous . he was under medication from a local clinic and pharmacy for 1 month prior to visiting the hospital due ...	spontaneous rupture of colon cancer , combined with psoas abscess formation , is rare . a 44-year - old male visited for back pain and left buttock mass . abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance image revealed a large abscess in the left psoas muscle and in the left lower quadrant area . ten days aft...
hamiltonian mapping demonstrates how the standard wham formalism can be modified and used to extrapolate information about a biased hamiltonian from the unmodified reference hamiltonian , h0(x ) , where x represents the molecular coordinates . wham is typically used along with umbrella sampling , in which a set o...	molecular recognition by intrinsically disordered proteins ( idps ) plays a central role in many critical cellular processes . toward achieving detailed mechanistic understanding of idp target interactions , here we employ the hamiltonian mapping methodology , which is rooted in the weighted histogram a...

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