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Apollo_7 | Apollo 7 was an October 1968 human spaceflight mission carried out by the United States . It was the first mission in the United States ' Apollo program to carry a crew into space . It was also the first U.S. spaceflight to carry astronauts since the flight of Gemini XII in November 1966 . The AS-204 mission , also kno... | |
Anoxia | The term anoxia means a total depletion in the level of oxygen , an extreme form of hypoxia or `` low oxygen '' . The terms anoxia and hypoxia are used in various contexts : Anoxic waters , sea water , fresh water or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen Anoxic event , when the Earth 's oceans become com... | |
Antarctic_Plate | The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica and extending outward under the surrounding oceans . After breakup from Gondwana ( the southern part of the supercontinent Pangea ) , the Antarctic plate began moving the continent of Antarctica south to its present isolated location causing... | |
Antarctic_sea_ice | Antarctic sea ice is the sea ice of the Southern Ocean . It extends far north in winter and retreats almost to the coastline each summer . Sea ice is frozen seawater that is usually less than a few meters thick . This is in contrast to ice shelves , which are formed by glaciers , float in the sea , and are up to a kilo... | |
Antarctandes | The Antarctandes ( Antartandes in Spanish ) , also known as the Antarctic Peninsula cordillera , is the mountain range that is located in the axis of the Antarctic Peninsula and can be considered the continuation of the Andes mountains in the Antarctic continent . According to this theory the Andes start at the border ... | |
Aquaculture | Aquaculture , also known as aquafarming , is the farming of fish , crustaceans , molluscs , aquatic plants , algae , and other aquatic organisms . Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions , and can be contrasted with commercial fishing , which is the harvesting o... | |
Archipelago | An archipelago ( -LSB- ɑːrkᵻˈpɛləɡoʊ -RSB- ) , sometimes called an island group or island chain , is a chain , cluster or collection of islands . The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι - -- arkhi - ( `` chief '' ) and πέλαγος -- pélagos ( `` sea '' ) through the Italian arcipelago . In Italian , possibly f... | |
Arctic_resources_race | The Arctic resources race refers to the competition between global entities for newly available natural resources in the Arctic . As the ice in the Arctic melts at a record rate and the sea ice extent continues to decrease due to global climate change , the Arctic waters become more navigable and Arctic resources -- su... | |
Arctic_ecology | Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic , the region north of the Arctic Circle ( 66 33 ' ) . This is a region characterized by stressful conditions as a result of extreme cold , low precipitation , a limited growing season ( 50 -- 90 days ) and virtu... | |
Andalusia | Andalusia ( Andalucia ) ( -LSB- ˌændəˈluːsiə , _ - ziə , _ - ʒə -RSB- Andalucía -LSB- andaluˈθi.a , - si.a -RSB- ) is an autonomous community in southern Spain . It is the most populated and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities in the country . The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recog... | |
Arctic_policy_of_Norway | Arctic Policy of Norway is Norway 's foreign relations with other Arctic countries , and Norway 's government policies on issues occurring within the geographic boundaries of `` the Arctic '' or related to the Arctic or its peoples . Since Norway is itself an Arctic nation , the Arctic Policy of Norway includes its dom... | |
Arch_Coal | Arch Coal is an American coal mining and processing company . The company mines , processes , and markets bituminous and sub-bituminous coal with low sulfur content in the United States . Arch Coal is the second largest supplier of coal in the U.S. behind Peabody Energy . The company supplies 15 % of the domestic marke... | |
Arctic_policy_of_Canada | The Arctic policy of Canada includes both the foreign policy of Canada in regard to the Arctic region and Canada 's domestic policy towards its Arctic territories . This includes the devolution of powers to the territories . Canada 's Arctic policy includes the plans and provisions of these regional governments . It en... | |
Arctic_Archipelago_Marine_Ecozone_(CEC) | The Arctic Archipelago Marine Ecozone , as defined by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation ( CEC ) , is a marine ecozone in the Canadian Arctic , encompassing Hudson Bay , James Bay , the internal waters and some shores of the islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago , and the shores of the territories , nort... | |
Apartment | An apartment ( American English ) , flat ( British English ) or unit ( Australian English ) is a self-contained housing unit ( a type of residential real estate ) that occupies only part of a building , generally on a single level without stairs . Such a building may be called an apartment building , apartment complex ... | |
Aqua_(satellite) | Aqua ( EOS PM-1 ) is a multi-national NASA scientific research satellite in orbit around the Earth , studying the precipitation , evaporation , and cycling of water . It is the second major component of the Earth Observing System ( EOS ) preceded by Terra ( launched 1999 ) and followed by Aura ( launched 2004 ) . The... | |
Arctic_realm | The Arctic realm is one of the planet 's twelve marine realms , as designated by the WWF and Nature Conservancy . It includes the coastal regions and continental shelves of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas , including the Arctic Archipelago , Hudson Bay , and the Labrador Sea of northern Canada , the seas surrounding... | |
Arctic_oscillation | The Arctic oscillation ( AO ) or Northern Annular Mode/Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode ( NAM ) is an index ( which varies over time with no particular periodicity ) of the dominant pattern of non-seasonal sea-level pressure variations north of 20N latitude , and it is characterized by pressure anomalies of one sign in... | |
Arctic_Circle_(organization) | The Arctic Circle is a nonprofit organization introduced by President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson of Iceland on April 15 , 2013 , at the National Press Club in Washington . The organization 's mission is to facilitate dialogue among political and business leaders , environmental experts , scientists , indigenous representat... | |
Arctic_dipole_anomaly | The Arctic dipole anomaly is a pressure pattern characterized by high pressure on the arctic regions of North America , and a low pressure on the Eurasia region . This pattern sometimes replaces the Arctic oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation . It was observed for the first time in the first decade of 2000s a... | |
Arctic_methane_emissions | Arctic methane release is the release of methane from seas and soils in permafrost regions of the Arctic . While a long-term natural process , it is exacerbated by global warming . This results in a positive feedback effect , as methane is itself a powerful greenhouse gas . The Arctic region is one of the many natura... | |
Arctic_Alaska | Arctic Alaska or Far North Alaska is a region of the U.S. state of Alaska generally referring to the northern areas on or close to the Arctic Ocean . It commonly includes North Slope Borough , Northwest Arctic Borough , Nome Census Area , and is sometimes taken to include parts of the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area . Some... | |
Arktika_2007 | Arktika 2007 ( Российская полярная экспедиция '' Арктика-2007 '' ) was a 2007 expedition in which Russia performed the first ever crewed descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole , as part of research related to the 2001 Russian territorial claim , one of many territorial claims in the Arctic , made possible , in p... | |
Antilles_Current | The Antilles Current is a highly variable surface ocean current of warm water that flows northwesterly past the island chain that separates the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . The current results from the flow of the Atlantic North Equatorial Current . This current completes the clockwise - cycle or convection (... | |
Antarctic_ice_sheet | The Antarctic ice sheet is one of the two polar ice caps of the Earth . It covers about 98 % of the Antarctic continent and is the largest single mass of ice on Earth . It covers an area of almost 14 e6km2 and contains 26.5 e6km3 of ice . Approximately 61 percent of all fresh water on the Earth is held in the Antarctic... | |
Antarctic_Circle | The Antarctic Circle is the most southerly of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth . The region south of this circle is known as the Antarctic , and the zone immediately to the north is called the Southern Temperate Zone . South of the Antarctic Circle , the sun is above the horizon for 24 con... | |
Antarctica | Antarctica ( UK English -LSB- ænˈtɑːktɪkə -RSB- or -LSB- ænˈtɑːtɪkə -RSB- , US English -LSB- æntˈɑːrktɪkə -RSB- ) is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surroun... | |
Antarctica_cooling_controversy | An apparent contradiction in the observed cooling behavior of Antarctica between 1966 and 2000 became part of the public debate in the global warming controversy , particularly between advocacy groups of both sides in the public arena including politicians , as well as the popular media . In his novel State of Fear , M... | |
Aral_Sea | The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake lying between Kazakhstan ( Aktobe and Kyzylorda Regions ) in the north and Uzbekistan ( Karakalpakstan autonomous region ) in the south . The name roughly translates as `` Sea of Islands '' , referring to over 1,100 islands that once dotted its waters ; in the Turkic languages aral me... | |
Argo_(oceanography) | Argo is an international program that uses profiling floats to observe temperature , salinity , currents , and , recently , bio-optical properties in the Earth 's oceans ; it has been operational since the early 2000s . The real-time data it provides is used in climate and oceanographic research . A special research in... | |
Aronia | Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs , the chokeberries , in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps . The genus is usually considered to contain two or three species , one of which is naturalized in Europe . A fourth form that has long been cultivated under ... | |
Arctic | The Arctic ( -LSB- ˈɑrktɪk -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɑrtɪk -RSB- ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth . The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean , adjacent seas , and parts of Alaska ( United States ) , Canada , Finland , Greenland ( Denmark ) , Iceland , Norway , Russia and Sweden . Land within the Arcti... | |
Arctic_Satellite_Composite_Project | The Arctic Satellite Composite Project , a grant funded by the Arctic Sciences division of the National Science Foundation ( NSF ) , is a project dedicated to developing satellite composite images , of various wavelengths , over the Arctic polar region of the globe . The project , based out of the Space Science and Eng... | |
Antarctic_continental_shelf | The Antarctic continental shelf is a geological feature that underlies the Southern Ocean , surrounding the continent of Antarctica . The shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep , its edge lying at depths averaging 500 meters ( the global mean is around 100 meters ) , with troughs extending as far as 2000 meters d... | |
Antarctic_Treaty_System | The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements , collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System ( ATS ) , regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica , Earth 's only continent without a native human population . For the purposes of the treaty system , Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice she... | |
Apollo_17 | Apollo 17 was the final mission of NASA 's Apollo program , the enterprise that landed the first humans on the Moon . Launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern Standard Time ( EST ) on December 7 , 1972 , with a crew made up of Commander Eugene Cernan , Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans , and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt ,... | |
Anoxic_event | Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events ( anoxia conditions ) refer to intervals in the Earth 's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen ( O2 ) at depths over a large geographic area . During some of these events , euxinia , waters that contained hydrogen sulfide , developed . Although anoxic events have... | |
Arctic_Circle_(disambiguation) | Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth . It may also refer to : Arctic Circle Restaurants , a chain of burger and shake restaurants based in Midvale , Utah , USA Arctic Circle Air , an American airline based in Fairbanks , Alaska , USA Arctic Circle Raceway , the big... | |
Anticyclone | An anticyclone ( that is , opposite to a cyclone ) is a weather phenomenon defined by the United States National Weather Service 's glossary as `` a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure , clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere , counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere ... | |
Architecture_of_New_York_City | The building form most closely associated with New York City is the skyscraper , which has shifted many commercial and residential districts from low-rise to high-rise . Surrounded mostly by water , the city has amassed one of the largest and most varied collection of skyscrapers in the world . New York has architect... | |
Anthropocene | The Anthropocene is a proposed epoch dating from the commencement of significant human impact on the Earth 's geology and ecosystems . The Anthropocene thus includes , but also transcends , the duration of anthropogenic climate change . , neither the International Commission on Stratigraphy nor the International Union ... | |
Anaheim,_California | Anaheim ( pronounced -LSB- ˈænəhaɪm -RSB- ) is a city in Orange County , California , part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 336,265 , making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th most populous city in California . Anaheim is the ... | |
Antofagasta | Antofagasta ( -LSB- antofaˈɣasta -RSB- ) is a port city in northern Chile , about 1100 km north of Santiago . It is the capital of Antofagasta Province and Antofagasta Region . According to the 2012 census , the city has a population of 345,420 . Formerly part of Bolivia , Antofagasta was captured by Chile in the War... | |
Appalachian_Mountains | The Appalachian Mountains ( -LSB- æpəˈlæʃᵻn , _ - ˈleɪtʃᵻn -RSB- , There are at least eight possible pronunciations depending on three factors : Whether the stressed vowel is -LSB- slinkeɪ -RSB- or -LSB- slinkæ -RSB- , Whether the `` ch '' is pronounced as a fricative -LSB- slinkʃ -RSB- or an affricate -LSB- slinktʃ ... | |
Argument_from_nonbelief | An argument from nonbelief is a philosophical argument that asserts an inconsistency between the existence of God and a world in which people fail to recognize him . It is similar to the classic argument from evil in affirming an inconsistency between the world that exists and the world that would exist if God had cert... | |
Anoxic_waters | Anoxic waters are areas of sea water , fresh water , or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen and are a more severe condition of hypoxia . The US Geological Survey defines anoxic groundwater as those with dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 0.5 milligrams per litre . This condition is generally foun... | |
Archaea | The Archaea ( -LSB- ɑrˈkiːə -RSB- or -LSB- ɑrˈkeɪə -RSB- or ) constitute a domain and kingdom of single-celled microorganisms . These microbes ( archaea ; singular archaeon ) are prokaryotes , meaning that they have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles in their cells . Archaea were initially classif... | |
Aragonite | Aragonite is a carbonate mineral , one of the two most common , naturally occurring , crystal forms of calcium carbonate , CaCO3 ( the other forms being the minerals calcite and vaterite ) . It is formed by biological and physical processes , including precipitation from marine and freshwater environments . Aragonite... | |
Arctic_Circle | The Arctic Circle is the most northerly of the abstract five major circles of latitude as shown on maps of the Earth . It marks the northernmost point at which the noon sun is just visible on the northern winter solstice and the southernmost point at which the midnight sun is just visible on the northern summer solstic... | |
Antidisestablishmentarianism_(word) | The English word antidisestablishmentarianism ( -LSB- æn.taiˌdɪs.ɛsˌtæb.lɪʃ.məntˈɛ.ri.ənˌɪ.zəm -RSB- ) is notable for its unusual length of 28 letters and 12 syllables , and is one of the longest words in the English language . It has been cited as the longest word in the English language , excluding coined and technic... | |
Antarctic | The Antarctic ( US English -LSB- æntˈɑrktɪk -RSB- , UK English -LSB- ænˈtɑrktɪk -RSB- or -LSB- æntˈɑrtɪk -RSB- and -LSB- ænˈtɑrtɪk -RSB- or -LSB- ænˈɑrtɪk -RSB- ) is a polar region , specifically the region around the Earth 's South Pole , opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole . The Antarctic comprises in th... | |
Artemis_(satellite) | Artemis is a geostationary earth orbit satellite ( GEOS ) for telecommunications , built by Alenia Spazio for ESA . The Artemis satellite operates at the 21.5 E orbital position . The mission was planned for many years , with launch initially intended for 1995 and slipping ; it was intended for launch on Ariane 5 but... | |
Arctic_char | Arctic char or Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ) is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae , native to alpine lakes and arctic and subarctic coastal waters . Its distribution is circumpolar . It spawns in fresh water and populations can be lacustrine , riverine or anadromous , where they return from the ocean to ... | |
Arctic_sea_ice_decline | Arctic sea ice decline is the sea ice loss observed in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean . The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) Fourth Assessment Report states that greenhouse gas forcing is largely , but not wholly , responsible for the decline in Arctic sea ice extent . A study from 2011 suggested ... | |
Arctic_ice_pack | The Arctic ice pack is the ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity . The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer , reaches a minimum around mid-September , then increases during fall and winter . Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50 % of winter cover . Som... | |
Antarctic_Circumpolar_Current | The Antarctic Circumpolar Current ( ACC ) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica . An alternative name for the ACC is the West Wind Drift . The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and has a mean transport of 100-150 Sverdrups ( Sv , million m ³ / s ) , mak... | |
Anacortes,_Washington | Anacortes -LSB- ˌænəˈkɔrtəs -RSB- is a city in Skagit County , Washington , United States . The name `` Anacortes '' is an adaptation of the name of Anne Curtis Bowman , who was the wife of early Fidalgo Island settler Amos Bowman . Anacortes ' population was 15,778 at the time of the 2010 census . It is one of two pri... | |
Arabian_Peninsula | The Arabian Peninsula , simplified Arabia ( الجزيرة العربية , `` Arabian island '' ) is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate . From a geological perspective , it is considered a subcontinent of Asia . It is the largest peninsula in the world , at 3237500 sqkm . The Arabian Pen... | |
Arctostaphylos | Arctostaphylos ( -LSB- ˌɑːrktoʊˈstæfᵻləs , _ - lɒs -RSB- arkto bear + staphyle grape ) is a genus of plants comprising the manzanitas ( -LSB- ˌmænzəˈniːtəz -RSB- ) and bearberries . They are shrubs or small trees . There are about 60 species of Arctostaphylos , ranging from ground-hugging arctic , coastal , and mount... | |
Anthropogenic_biome | Anthropogenic biomes , also known as anthromes or human biomes , describe the terrestrial biosphere in its contemporary , human-altered form using global ecosystem units defined by global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems . Anthromes were first named and mapped by Erle Ellis and Navin Raman... | |
Antimatter | In particle physics , antimatter is a material composed of the antiparticle `` partners '' to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter . A particle and its antiparticle have the same mass as one another , but opposite electric charge and other quantum numbers . For example , a proton has positive charge while an ... | |
Arctic_Lowlands | The Arctic Lowlands and Hudson Bay Lowlands are a physiographic division , lying between the Canadian Shield and the Innuitian region To the south of the surfaces and lowland plains . This is a region of tundra , a treeless Plain , with a cold , dry climate and poorly drained soil . Most of the Arctic Lowlands region ... | |
Antarctic_realm | Antarctica is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms . The ecosystem includes Antarctica and several island groups in the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans . The continent of Antarctica is so cold and dry that it has supported only 2 vascular plants for millions of years , and its flora presently consists of a... | |
Arctic_Ocean | The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world 's five major oceans . The International Hydrographic Organization ( IHO ) recognizes it as an ocean , although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea , classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlanti... | |
Annual_cycle_of_sea_level_height | The annual cycle of sea level height ( or seasonal cycle or annual harmonic ) describes the variation of sea level that occurs with a period of one year . Historically , analysis of the annual cycle has been limited by locations with tide gauge records , i.e. , coastlines and some islands in the deep ocean , and by spa... | |
April_2010_Rio_de_Janeiro_floods_and_mudslides | The April 2010 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides was an extreme weather event that affected the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in the first days of April 2010 . At least 212 people died , 161 people have been injured ( including several rescuers ) , while at least 15,000 people have been made homeless . A further ... | |
Arctic_geoengineering | Temperatures in the Arctic region have tended to increase more rapidly than the global average . Projections of sea ice loss that are adjusted to take account of recent rapid Arctic shrinkage suggest that the Arctic will likely be free of summer sea ice sometime between 2059 and 2078 . Various climate engineering schem... | |
Andes | The Andes or Andean Mountains ( Cordillera de los Andes ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world . They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America . This range is about 7000 km long , about 200 to wide ( widest between 18 ° south and 20 ° south latitude ) , and of an av... | |
Anishinaabe | Anishinaabe ( or Anishinabe , plural : Anishinaabeg ) is the autonym for a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States that include the Odawa , Ojibwe , Potawatomi , Oji-Cree , Mississaugas , and Algonquin peoples . The Anishinaabeg speak Anishinaabemowin , or Anishinaabe languages th... | |
Anti-nuclear_movement_in_France | In the 1970s , an anti-nuclear movement in France , consisting of citizens ' groups and political action committees , emerged . Between 1975 and 1977 , some 175,000 people protested against nuclear power in ten demonstrations . In 1972 , the anti-nuclear weapons movement maintained a presence in the Pacific , largely... | |
Armstrong_Power_Plant | Armstrong Power Station is a coal fired thermal power station with 356 MW in Washington Township , Armstrong County along the Allegheny River across from Mahoning Creek and Templeton , Pennsylvania , about 10 miles north of Kittanning , Pennsylvania , USA whose two units went in service in 1958/1959 . The chimney of Ar... | |
Arid | A region is arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available water , to the extent of hindering or preventing the growth and development of plant and animal life . Environments subject to arid climates tend to lack vegetation and are called xeric or desertic . Most `` arid '' climates surround the equator ; ... | |
Antarctic_Cold_Reversal | The Antarctic Cold Reversal ( ACR ) was an important episode of cooling in the climate history of the Earth during the deglaciation at the close of the last ice age . It illustrates the complexity of the climate changes at the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene Epochs . The Last Glacial Maximum and sea-l... | |
Aquatic_mammal | Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are a diverse group of mammals that dwell partly or entirely in bodies of water . They include the various marine mammals who dwell in oceans , as well as various freshwater species , such as the European otter . They are not a taxon and are not unified by any distinct biological groupin... | |
Arctic_Climate_Impact_Assessment | The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment ( ACIA ) is a study describing the ongoing climate change in the Arctic and its consequences : rising temperatures , loss of sea ice , unprecedented melting of the Greenland ice sheet , and many impacts on ecosystems , animals , and people . The ACIA is the first comprehensively res... | |
Antarctic_oscillation | The Antarctic oscillation ( AAO , to distinguish it from the Arctic oscillation or AO ) is a low-frequency mode of atmospheric variability of the southern hemisphere . It is also known as the Southern Annular Mode ( SAM ) . It is defined as a belt of westerly winds or low pressure surrounding Antarctica which moves nor... | |
Anecdotal_evidence | Anecdotal evidence is evidence from anecdotes , i.e. , evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony . When compared to other types of evidence , anecdotal evidence is generally regarded as limited in value due to a number of potential weaknesses , but may be co... | |
Antarctic_Peninsula | The Antarctic Peninsula is the northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica , located at the base of the Southern Hemisphere . At the surface , it is the biggest , most prominent peninsula in Antarctica as it extends 1300 km from a line between Cape Adams ( Weddell Sea ) and a point on the mainland south of Eklund I... | |
Apologetics | Apologetics ( from Greek ἀπολογία , `` speaking in defense '' ) is the religious discipline of defending or proving the truth of religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse . Early Christian writers ( c. 120 -- 220 ) who defended their beliefs against critics and recommended their faith to outsid... | |
Antithesis | Antithesis ( Greek for `` setting opposite '' , from ἀντί `` against '' and θέσις `` position '' ) is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition , or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect . Antithesis can be defin... | |
Anthropocentrism | Anthropocentrism ( -LSB- ˌænθroʊ-poʊ-ˈsɛntrɪzəm -RSB- from Greek ἄνθρωπος , ánthrōpos , `` human being '' ; and κέντρον , kéntron , `` center '' ) the belief that considers human beings to be the most significant entity of the universe and interprets or regards the world in terms of human values and experiences . The t... | |
Astra_1K | Astra 1K was a communications satellite manufactured by Alcatel Space for SES . When it was launched on November 25 , 2002 it was the largest civilian communications satellite ever launched , with a mass of 5250 kg . Intended to replace the Astra 1B satellite and provide backup for 1A , 1C and 1D at the Astra 19.2 ° E ... | |
Atlantic_hurricane | An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean , usually in the summer or fall . A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location . A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean , a typhoon occurs in the... | |
Asteroid | Asteroids are minor planets , especially those of the inner Solar System . The larger ones have also been called planetoids . These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disc of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet ... | |
Atmospheric_duct | In telecommunication , an atmospheric duct is a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that radio signals ( and light rays ) are guided or ducted , tend to follow the curvature of the Earth , and experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ... | |
Baja_California | Baja California , ( Lower California ) , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California ) , is a state in Mexico . It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico . Before becoming a state in 1952 , the area was known as the North Terr... | |
BBC_Earth | BBC Earth is a brand used by BBC Worldwide since 2009 to market and distribute the BBC 's natural history content to countries other than the United Kingdom . BBC Worldwide is the commercial arm of the public service broadcaster . BBC Earth commercially represents the BBC Natural History Unit , the largest wildlife d... | |
Automatic_weather_station | An automatic weather station ( AWS ) is an automated version of the traditional weather station , either to save human labour or to enable measurements from remote areas . An AWS will typically consist of a weather-proof enclosure containing the data logger , rechargeable battery , telemetry ( optional ) and the meteor... | |
Artificial_photosynthesis | Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis , a process that converts sunlight , water , and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen ; as an imitation of a natural process it is biomimetic . The term , artificial photosynthesis , is commonly used to refer t... | |
Autoimmunity | Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues . Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease . Prominent examples include celiac disease , diabetes mellitus type 1 , sarcoidosis , systemic lupus erythematosus ( S... | |
Attribution_of_recent_climate_change | Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent climate changes on Earth , commonly known as ` global warming ' . The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record , when records are most reliable ; particular... | |
Barack_Obama | Barack Hussein Obama II ( -LSB- bəˈrɑːk_huːˈseɪn_oʊˈbɑːmə -RSB- ; born August 4 , 1961 ) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017 . He is the first African American to have served as president . He previously served in the U.S. Senate representing Illinois from 2... | |
Astrophysics | Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry `` to ascertain the nature of the heavenly bodies , rather than their positions or motions in space . '' Among the objects studied are the Sun , other stars , galaxies , extrasolar planets , the interstellar medium and the cosm... | |
Balance_of_nature | The balance of nature is a theory that proposes that ecological systems are usually in a stable equilibrium or homeostasis , which is to say that a small change in some particular parameter ( the size of a particular population , for example ) will be corrected by some negative feedback that will bring the parameter ba... | |
Asia | Asia is Earth 's largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa . Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 km2 , about 30... | |
Atlantic_Seaboard_fall_line | The Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line , or Fall Zone , is a 900 mi escarpment where the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain meet in the eastern United States . Much of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line passes through areas where no evidence of faulting is present . The fall line marks the geologic boundary of hard metamorpho... | |
Bandwagon_effect | The bandwagon effect is a phenomenon whereby the rate of uptake of beliefs , ideas , fads and trends increases the more that they have already been adopted by others . In other words , the bandwagon effect is characterized by the probability of individual adoption increasing with respect to the proportion who have alre... | |
Atlantic_coastal_plain | The Atlantic coastal plain is a physiographic region of low relief along the East Coast of the United States . It extends 2200 mi from the New York Bight southward to a Georgia/Florida section of the Eastern Continental Divide , which demarcates the plain from the ACF River Basin in the Gulf Coastal Plain to the west .... | |
Autumn | Autumn ( British English ) or fall ( American English ) is one of the four temperate seasons . Autumn marks the transition from summer to winter , in September ( Northern Hemisphere ) or March ( Southern Hemisphere ) , when the arrival of night becomes noticeably earlier and the arrival of day becomes noticeably later ... | |
Associated_Press | The Associated Press ( AP ) is an American multinational nonprofit news agency headquartered in New York City that operates as a cooperative , unincorporated association . The AP is owned by its contributing newspapers and radio and television stations in the United States , all of which contribute stories to the AP an... |
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