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She states that warmth and snacks `` is not nearly enough ... what we need is a place where they can go the whole winter . '' | [
"She states that warmth and snacks `` is not nearly enough ... what we need is a place where they can go the whole winter ."
] | [
"However , she explains , `` He is also in an extreme situation and attempting to defend somebody very good against a violent and murderous opponent . ''"
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Centers often coordinate with outside programs such as 211 . | [
"Centers often coordinate with outside programs ."
] | [
"A wide variety of students attend the Village School ."
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According to Detroit writer Naomi Spencer , they serve also as `` a last resort for homeless people to find respite ( relief ) from the cold , especially those with drug addictions , mental illness , or criminal backgrounds , who may not meet requirements imposed by some homeless shelters or religious charity operation... | [
"According to Detroit socialist writer Naomi Spencer , they serve also as `` a last resort for homeless people to find respite from the cold , especially those with drug addictions , mental illness , or criminal backgrounds , who may not meet requirements imposed by some homeless shelters or religious charity opera... | [
"Others simply find shelters too regimented , too much like jail : newspaperman Mike Hendricks quotes a former resident of an unauthorized homeless encampment named Crow , who said that `` some guys would sooner do what they want and not be told what to do . ''"
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During the blizzard of February , 2011 , the City of Ottawa , Illinois did not have established warming centers . | [
"During the blizzard of February , 2011 , the City of Ottawa , Illinois did not have established warming centers , and an ad hoc facility was established ."
] | [
"The town 's water purification system was flooded , resulting in water restrictions that have hampered clean-up efforts ."
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Few countries see Hezbollah as a terrorist organization , the majority do not . | [
"Countries below have officially listed Hezbollah in at least some part as a terrorist organization ."
] | [
"Many consider their actions to be criminal , but the MK deemed the means justified by the end goal of ending apartheid ."
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Few countries see Hezbollah as a terrorist organization , the majority do not . Among those who consider it to be terrorist are the United States , the United Kingdom , and Israel , among those who do not are the European Union and Russia . | [
"The United States , the Netherlands United Kingdom , Egypt , Israel , Australia , and Canada classify Hezbollah as a terrorist organization , in whole or in part ."
] | [
"Its sale is banned in a few countries , including Australia , New Zealand , the United States , the Republic of Ireland , the United Kingdom , Romania and other parts of Europe ."
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Lebanon sees Hezbollah as a legitimate resistance movement . | [
"Throughout most of the Arab and Muslim worlds , Hezbollah is referred to as a resistance movement , engaged in national defense . Even within Lebanon , Hezbollah 's status is contentious ."
] | [
"Serbia also views the mission as an EU recognition of an independent Kosovo ."
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Over the years , the Hezbollah militia has fought a guerrilla war against the Israeli army ( IDF ) in Southern Lebanon . It also attacks Israel 's military positions by firing Katyusha rockets across Israel 's northern border . | [
"Hezbollah then launched more rockets into northern Israel and engaged the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) in guerrilla warfare from hardened positions ."
] | [
"Supporters argue that the barrier is necessary to protect Israeli civilians from Palestinian terrorism , including the suicide bombing attacks that increased significantly during the Second Intifada ; There has been a reduced number of incidents of suicide bombings since the construction of the barrier ."
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An argument over how the it would be governed led to its becoming the Province of North Carolina and the Province of South Carolina . Officially , these two provinces did not become separate colonies until 1729 . | [
"Some take this period as the establishment of separate colonies , but that did not officially occur until 1729 , when seven of the Lords Proprietors sold their interests in Carolina to The Crown , and both North Carolina and South Carolina became royal colonies ."
] | [
"When the Republic of the Seven United Provinces was declared in 1581 , Drenthe became part of it , although it did not gain provincial status until January 1 , 1796 due to its poverty ."
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Le Mesnil-Durand is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Le Mesnil-Durand is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Bretteville-sur-Odon is a commune in the department of Calvados in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
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Verquin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Verquin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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Parfondru is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Parfondru is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
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`` One More Minute '' is a song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic . | [
"`` One More Minute '' is an original song by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic ."
] | [
"`` Another One Rides the Bus '' is a parody of Queen 's `` Another One Bites the Dust '' by `` Weird Al '' Yankovic ."
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It is located in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state . It is 37 km away from the district headquarters Mangalore . | [
"Moodabidri ( also called Mudbidri , Moodbiri and Bedra ) , is a small town 37 km northeast of the Dakshina Kannada district headquarters , Mangalore , in Karnataka , India ."
] | [
"Ratodero ( town ) is the capital of Ratodero Taluka a sub-division of Larkana District in the Sindh province of Pakistan , it is located some 30 km away from the district capital Larkana ."
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The Three Jewels , also called the Three Treasures , the Three Refuges , or the Triple Gem , are the three things that Buddhists give themselves to , and in return look toward for guidance , in the process known as taking refuge . | [
"The Three Jewels , also called the Three Treasures , the Three Refuges , or the Triple Gem ( à à à ) ( Pali : tiratana ) , are the three things that Buddhists take refuge in , and look toward for guidance , in the process known as taking refuge ."
] | [
"Dharma refers not only to the sayings of the Buddha , but also to the later traditions of interpretation and addition that the various schools of Buddhism have developed to help explain and to expand upon the Buddha 's teachings ."
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Orchard is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Orchard is a city in Mitchell County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Cairo is a city in Alexander County , Illinois in the United States ."
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Edmund Phelps was born in 1933 near Chicago , but he grew up and went to school in Hastings-on-Hudson , New York , where his family had moved when he was six years old . | [
"Phelps was born in Evanston , Illinois , and moved with his family to Hastings-on-Hudson , New York when he was six years old , where he spent his school years ."
] | [
"Margaret Spellings , born Margaret Dudar on November 30 , 1957 in Michigan , moved with her family to Houston when she was in the third grade ."
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In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow worked on the reform of the USSR . | [
"In 1990 Phelps took part in a mission from the then-forming EBRD to Moscow , where he and Kenneth Arrow designed a proposal for the reform of the USSR ."
] | [
"He became involved with poverty reduction after observing the famine of 1974 , and established a rural economic program as a research project ."
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In 1971 , Phelps moved to the Economics Department at Columbia University , where Nobel prize winners William Vickrey and James J. Heckman were studying . Nobel Prize winner Robert Mundell joined three years later , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor . | [
"In 1971 , Phelps moved to the Economics Department at Columbia University , which also included future Nobel prize winners William Vickrey and James J. Heckman ( future laureate Robert Mundell joined three years later ) , as well as Phoebus Dhrymes , Guillermo Calvo and John B. Taylor ."
] | [
"In 1941 Hurwicz was a research assistant to Paul Samuelson at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and to Oskar Lange at the University of Chicago ."
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Work at the Cowles Foundation gave Phelps the chance to meet with other important economists who were working on growth theory , such as David Cass and Nobel Prize winner Tjalling Koopmans . | [
"His position at Cowles gave Phelps the chance to interact with Arthur Okun and other notables in the field . He was able to collaborate with other top economists working on growth theory , including David Cass and fellow Nobelist Tjalling Koopmans ."
] | [
"Roger Bruce Myerson ( born March 29 , 1951 ) is an American economist and Nobel laureate recognized with Leonid Hurwicz and Eric Maskin for `` having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory . ''"
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While at Pennsylvania , most of Phelps ' research was on the links between employment , wages and inflation . He wrote about this in 1968 : `` Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor Market Equilibrium '' . | [
"While at Penn , Phelps ' research focused mainly on the link between employment , wage setting and inflation , leading to his influential 1968 paper `` Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor Market Equilibrium '' ."
] | [
"He went on to earn a master 's degree in experimental psychology in 1976 , and a Ph. . D in clinical psychology in 1979 at the University of North Texas , where his dissertation was titled `` Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Psychological Intervention '' ."
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Phelps also worked with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988-98 , they held the Villa Mondragone International Seminar . | [
"( Structural Slumps : The Modern Equilibrium Theory of Employment , Interest and Assets '' ( see Selected PublicationsPhelps also collaborated closely with Luigi Paganetto at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and , between 1988 â `` 98 , as co-organizers of the Villa Mondragone International Seminar ."
] | [
"Together with Nishizawa , from 2005 to 2008 , she held the Jean Labatut Professorship at the School of Architecture at Princeton University , in Princeton , New Jersey in the United States , where she has also served on the advisory council for several years ."
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Meeting with Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and reading the work of John Rawls , whom he met during that year , gave Professor Phelps an interest to research outside of macroeconomics . | [
"Discussions with fellow Nobel prize winners Amartya Sen and Kenneth Arrow , and especially the influence of the philosophy of John Rawls , whom he met during the year at the Center , led Phelps to undertake some research outside macroeconomics ."
] | [
"The term â constitutional economicsâ was coined in 1982 by the U.S. economist Richard McKenzie to designate the main topic of discussion at a conference held in Washington , D.C. Mackenzieâ s neologism was then adopted by another American economist â `` James M. Buchanan â `` as a name for a new academic sub-disci... | SimpleWiki | {
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In the year 1969-1970 Professor Phelps worked for the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University . | [
"Phelps spent the year 1969-1970 at the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Science at Stanford University ."
] | [
"He joined the engineering faculty and the physics faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1951 . He was Professor of Electrical Engineering and of Physics at Illinois ."
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It was the first idea of the natural rate of unemployment and said that inflation rates did not affect labor market . | [
"It also introduced the concept of the natural rate of unemployment and argued that labor market equilibrium is independent of the rate of inflation , thus there is no long run tradeoff between unemployment and inflation ."
] | [
"At that point , determinants were firmly established ."
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Also , during the academic year of 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he met with Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani . | [
"During the academic year 1962-63 Phelps visited MIT , where he was in contact with future Nobel prize winners Paul Samuelson , Robert Solow and Franco Modigliani ."
] | [
"John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are among those who have delivered the lecture since it was inaugurated in 1992 ."
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His main interest was macroeconomics , but RAND focused on defense work so Phelps decided to return to the his studies the next year , 1960 . | [
"However , feeling he could not pursue macroeconomics ( his main research interest ) at RAND ( which focused on defense work ) , Phelps decided to return to the academic world ."
] | [
"Capecchi came to MIT as a graduate student intending to study physics and mathematics , but during the course of his studies , he became interested in molecular biology ."
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He became interested in the continuing high unemployment in Europe and published some work about it with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) . | [
"He became interested in the puzzle of the persistent high unemployment in Europe despite no let-up in inflation and published on this subject with Jean-Paul Fitoussi ( the director of OFCE ) ."
] | [
"Their results suggested that rational expectations are not the correct way to model agents ' expectations . They organized a conference on this issue in 1981 and published the proceedings in a 1983 book ."
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During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo worked on research for making contracts using asymmetric information . | [
"During the '70s , Phelps and Calvo also collaborated on research regarding optimal contracts under asymmetric information ."
] | [
"Davidson and Chaudri identify `` transformation '' as the key feature of the genre ."
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The story of the meeting was published the next year in a book which was very important and is known as the `` Phelps volume '' . | [
"The conference papers were published the next year in a book which had a strong and lasting influence , becoming known as the `` Phelps volume '' ."
] | [
"Scott wrote in his private journal in 1826 , in what later became a widely quoted comparison :"
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A book was published in 1983 about what people said at a big meeting they had to talk about rational expectations in 1981 . | [
"Their results suggested that rational expectations are not the correct way to model agents ' expectations . They organized a conference on this issue in 1981 and published the proceedings in a 1983 book ."
] | [
"There were different schools of thought as to the causes of inflation ."
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In the next years , Keynesian economics were thought of as less important after the publication of John Muth 's work called rational expectations . Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with new ideas about prices and wages being kept the same for certain time . | [
"Phelps , with Calvo and John Taylor , started a program to rebuild Keynesian economics with rational expectations by employing sticky wages and prices ."
] | [
"The winners applied game theory , a field advanced by mathematician John Forbes Nash , to discover the best and most efficient means to reach a desired outcome , taking into account individuals ' knowledge and self-interest , which may be hidden or private ."
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There , his professors were some of the greatest economists , such as Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , and he studied with Arthur Okun . | [
"While at Yale he studied under some renowned economists , including future Nobel prize winners James Tobin and Thomas Schelling , among others ."
] | [
"John Ledyard ( 2007 ) , Robert Lucas , Roger Myerson , Edward C. Prescott , James Quirk , Nancy Stokey and Neil Wallace are among those who have delivered the lecture since it was inaugurated in 1992 ."
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He published some of his research in a 1994 book . | [
"He published partial research results in a 1994 book ."
] | [
"Eventually 58 of her 77 published works first appeared in the journal 's pages ."
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As part of this research , Phelps published in 1961 a famous paper on the golden rule savings rate , one of his most important works for economic science . | [
"As part of this research , Phelps published a famous paper in 1961 on the golden rule savings rate , one of his major contributions to economic science ."
] | [
"Their results suggested that rational expectations are not the correct way to model agents ' expectations . They organized a conference on this issue in 1981 and published the proceedings in a 1983 book ."
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He knew of important unsolved problems and had new ideas , such as the gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics . | [
"He quickly became aware of an important unsolved problem with the existing theory , and the existing gap between microeconomics and macroeconomics ."
] | [
"Capra is purportedly setting the grounds for change in many new theories , one of which is the living systems theory , a theoretical framework for ecology ."
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In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a permanent job as professor of economics . | [
"In 1966 , Phelps left Yale and moved to University of Pennsylvania , where he was offered a tenured position as professor of economics ."
] | [
"Benfey was born in Merion , Pennsylvania but spent most of his childhood in Richmond , Indiana and attended The Putney School . He began his undergraduate studies at Earlham College , where his father was a professor in the Chemistry department , and completed his B.A. at Guilford College ."
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In the late '70s , Professor Phelps researched with Roman Frydman , who was taught by Phelps . They worked on rational expectations and showed problems in it . | [
"In the late '70s , Phelps and one of his former students , Roman Frydman , conducted some research on the implications of assuming rational expectations , first independently and then in collaboration ."
] | [
"While at the Cowles Foundation , his research focused mainly on neo-classical growth theory , following the seminal work of Solow ."
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In 1972 , Phelps published a book about his new theory . | [
"In 1972 , Phelps published a new book which focused on the derivation of policy implications of his new theory ."
] | [
"These studies led to four articles :"
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At the Cowles Foundation , his research was mainly on future prices and wages , following the work of Robert Solow . | [
"While at the Cowles Foundation , his research focused mainly on neo-classical growth theory , following the seminal work of Solow ."
] | [
"In the late '70s , Phelps and one of his former students , Roman Frydman , conducted some research on the implications of assuming rational expectations , first independently and then in collaboration ."
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William Fellner and Henry Wallich were very important in his study courses . | [
"Phelps was also strongly influenced by William Fellner and Henry Wallich , whose courses emphasized the expectations of agents ."
] | [
"By this time , he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation ."
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In 1951 , he went to Amherst College as an undergraduate student . | [
"In 1951 , he went to Amherst College for his undergraduate education ."
] | [
"After graduating from Stockholm , Pohjola moved to Boston , Massachusetts to study under a scholarship at Berklee College of Music ."
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The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but was not used in a lot of schools . | [
"The book , Political Economy , was published in 1985 , but had limited classroom adoption ."
] | [
"The historical journal , a forum where academic historians could exchange ideas and publish newly discovered information , came into being in the 19th century ."
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He took a research job at the Cowles Foundation , and a teaching job at Yale . | [
"So , the next year , in 1960 , he took a research position at the Cowles Foundation , while also doing some teaching at Yale ."
] | [
"The Burbidges worked at Harvard , the University of Chicago and Cambridge University , before Margaret obtained work at the California Institute of Technology , while Geoffrey worked at the Mount Wilson Observatory and Palomar Observatory ."
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In January 1969 , Phelps held a meeting at Pennsylvania University to support the research on inflation and employment . | [
"In January 1969 , Phelps organized a conference at Penn in support of the research on the microfoundations of inflation and employment determination ."
] | [
"With the encouragement of this group of scientists , Stebbins directed his research towards evolution ."
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At his fathers advice , Phelps took his first economics course in his second year at Amherst . | [
"At his father 's advice , Phelps enrolled in his first economics course in his second year at Amherst ."
] | [
"Having graduated , she agreed , and they were married at Harvard University , where he attended liberal arts studies for two years ."
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Phelps has been the McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 . | [
"Phelps has been McVickar Professor of Political Economy at Columbia University since 1982 ."
] | [
"He joined the engineering faculty and the physics faculty at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1951 . He was Professor of Electrical Engineering and of Physics at Illinois ."
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Professor Phelps became interested in the Eastern European transition economies while there . | [
"From work at EBRD and collaboration with his former student Roman Frydman , Phelps developed a strong interest in the Eastern European transition economies ."
] | [
"In 1965 a Harkness Fellowship gave him the opportunity to continue his studies in the United States and he decided to dedicate himself to composition ."
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He also published research on economic justice , using ideas from Rawls book `` A Theory of Justice '' . | [
"He also published research on economic justice , applying ideas from Rawls ' book A Theory of Justice ."
] | [
"Social Justice ( sometimes `` Social Equality and Global Equality and Economic Justice '' ) is one of the Four Pillars of the Green Party and is sometimes referred to as `` Social and Global Equality '' or `` Economic Justice '' ."
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Professor Phelps published research on the inflation tax and the effects of fiscal policy on inflation . | [
"There he published research on the inflation tax and the impact of fiscal policy on optimal inflation ."
] | [
"Some of these policies included encouraging production , investment and labour-intensive manufacturing , changing real exchange rates and altering the distribution of government resources ."
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He became a member of the EBRDs Economic Advisory Board , and stayed there until 1993 . | [
"After the EBRD was established , he became a member of its Economic Advisory Board , where he stayed until 1993 ."
] | [
"After the 1990 election , she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in the Federal Minister for Health on 18 January 1991 ."
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His economics teacher was James Nelson and his studies were based on a famous textbook by Paul Samuelson . | [
"James Nelson gave the course , which was based on the famous textbook by Paul Samuelson ."
] | [
"During his years teaching at the college , he translated textbooks in French , Italian , and Spanish ; his first published book was in 1833 , a translation of the poetry of medieval Spanish poet Jorge Manrique ."
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In 1972 he published research he named `` statistical discrimination '' . | [
"As a result , in 1972 he published seminal research in the new field he named statistical discrimination ."
] | [
"At that time , he was Born 's assistant , working with quantum interpretation of band spectra of diatomic molecules ."
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In the 1980s Professor Phelps worked with European universities and institutions , such as Banca d'Italia ( most of his 1985-86 holidays were spent in Italy ) and Observatoire Franà ais des Conjonctures à conomiques ( OFCE ) . | [
"` In the 1980s Phelps increased collaboration with European universities and institutions , including Banca d'Italia ( where he spent most of his 1985-86 sabbatical and Observatoire Franà ais des Conjonctures à conomiques ( OFCE ) ."
] | [
"After attending the Lycà e Joffre and then the University of Montpellier , one of the oldest European universities , Comte was admitted to the à cole Polytechnique in Paris ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Economics:",
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During this time Phelps worked with other economists on research of economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and best population growth . | [
"During this period , along with the research on the Phillips curve , Phelps also collaborated with other economists on research regarding economic growth , the effects of monetary and fiscal policy and optimal population growth ."
] | [
"For the poorest developing countries in the world , the bank 's assistance plans are based on poverty reduction strategies ; by combining a cross-section of local groups with an extensive analysis of the country 's financial and economic situation the World Bank develops a strategy pertaining uniquely to the count... | SimpleWiki | {
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In its announcement , the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Phelps ' work had `` deepened our understanding of the relation between short-run and long-run effects of economic policy . '' | [
"In announcing the prize , the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said Phelps ' work had `` deepened our understanding of the relation between short-run and long-run effects of economic policy . ''"
] | [
"According to Professor Nick Hastie , director of the Medical Research Council 's Human Genetics Unit , said : `` It is very unusual for a piece of work to completely revolutionize the whole way we think about biological processes and regulation , but this has opened up a whole new field in biology . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Economics:",
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He also wrote papers about other economic theories , such as monetary economics ( Ricardian equivalence ) and its importance when producing the best economic growth . | [
"He also wrote papers dealing with other areas of economic theory , such as monetary economics or Ricardian equivalence and its relation to optimal growth ."
] | [
"As such , the term gained popularity within neoliberal or free-market economics as a description of processes such as downsizing in order to increase the efficiency and dynamism of a company ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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During the next years , Professor Phelps worked to calculate the natural rate of unemployment . | [
"During the next years , Phelps tried to build a theory to determine endogenously the natural rate of unemployment ."
] | [
"These reviews were highly influential and provided a basis for others to study the role of polyploidy in evolution ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Economics:",
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During the early '80s he wrote a textbook about economics knowledge . | [
"During the early '80s he wrote an introductory textbook synthesizing the current economics knowledge ."
] | [
"The author subsequently released such a glossary on his own website ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For example , the Commonwealth of Australia or the Commonwealth of Independent states . | [
"Besides the Commonwealth Games , a number of other sporting competitions are organised on a Commonwealth basis , through championship tournaments such as the Commonwealth Judo Championships , Commonwealth Rowing Championships , Commonwealth Sailing Championships , and Commonwealth Shooting Championships . The Comm... | [
"He or she is thus the equivalent of an Executive Officer in the United States Army ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For example , the Commonwealth of Australia or the Commonwealth of Independent states . But , the Commonwealth of Nations is different and a separate organization . | [
"The Commonwealth of Nations , normally referred to as the Commonwealth and formerly known as the British Commonwealth , is an intergovernmental organization of fifty-four independent member states ."
] | [
"In addition , it is a future where the only two surviving superpowers , the United States and China , fused to form the central federal government , called the Alliance , resulting in the fusion of the two cultures as well ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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à quihen-Plage is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Ã quihen-Plage is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Saint-L Ã ger is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ornate Reef seasnake ( Hydrophis ornatus ) is a species of sea snake . | [
"Ornate Reef seasnake Hydrophis ornatus is a species of sea snake ."
] | [
"The dice snake ( Natrix tessellata ) is a European nonvenomous snake belonging to the family Colubridae , subfamily Natricinae ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The idyllic place was called Shangri-la , a Chinese word meaning `` Heaven on earth '' . | [
"The idyllic place was called Shangri-la , a Tibetan word meaning `` Heaven on earth '' ."
] | [
"The name ` Araluen ' meant ` water lily ' or ` place of the water lilies ' in the local aboriginal dialect ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Brig . ( Retd ) Muhammad Aslam Khan , the first commander of the Northern Scouts who liberated the Northern Areas in 1948 . | [
"Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Brig . ( Retd ) Muhammad Aslam Khan , the first commander of the Northern Scouts of the Pakistan Army ."
] | [
"His ancestral roots linked to Rajput Clans of Rajisthan ( present-day India ) . His father had moved from Rajistan and settled in Karachi after the Sindh was under the jurisdiction of British empire since 1843 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Ka ( Ð , Ð ) is the tenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet . | [
"Ka ( Ð Ð ; italics : Ð Ð ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet ."
] | [
"Tse ( Ð Ñ ; italics : Ð Ñ ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Language and Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Language and Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Language and Linguistics:"
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Naked Lunch ( sometimes referred to as The Naked Lunch ) is a novel by William S. Burroughs originally published in 1959 . | [
"Naked Lunch ( sometimes The Naked Lunch ) is a novel by William S. Burroughs originally published in 1959 ."
] | [
"The novel first appeared as a two-part series in Rolling Stone magazine in 1971 , was printed as a book in 1972 , and was later adapted into a film of the same name in 1998 starring Johnny Depp and Benicio del Toro ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The book was originally published with the title The Naked Lunch in Paris in 1959 by Olympia Press . | [
"The book was originally published with the title The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press ."
] | [
"This book by itself is out of print having been published along with nine short stories in the collection The Worthing Saga ( 1990 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Time magazine included the novel in its `` TIME '' 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 '' . | [
"The novel was included in Time magazine 's `` 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 '' ."
] | [
"Uncle Daddy was awarded a Christopher Medal in the Books for Young People , ages 10 â `` 12 category in 2002 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The American edition was titled Naked Lunch and was different from the Olympia Press edition . | [
"It was titled Naked Lunch and was substantially different from the Olympia Press edition , because it was based on an earlier 1958 manuscript in Allen Ginsberg 's possession . The article `` the '' in the title was never intended by the author , but added by the editors of the Olympia Press 1959 edition ."
] | [
"It also initially published only the first part of the novel ( `` Fantine '' ) , which was launched simultaneously in major cities ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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An American edition by Grove Press followed soon after in 1962 . | [
"Because of US obscenity laws , a complete American edition ( by Grove Press ) did not follow until 1962 ."
] | [
"Cecilia , or Memoirs of an Heiress was published in July 1782 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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His books were translated into more than 20 languages . | [
"These have been translated into more than 20 languages ."
] | [
"The novel remains widely read and controversial , selling around 250,000 copies a year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Mulisch was born in Haarlem and lived in Amsterdam from 1958 until the end of his life . | [
"Mulisch was born in Haarlem and lived in Amsterdam from 1958 , following the death of his father in 1957 , until the end of his own life ."
] | [
"After that she lived in Switzerland and the Netherlands , before settling in France during 1992 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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He wrote more than 30 works . | [
"He wrote more than 30 novels , plays , essays , poems and philosophical reflections ."
] | [
"Svoboda wrote a total of 80 songs for Gott ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Pithon is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Pithon is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Belleu is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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On the November 24 episode of Raw , Jericho defeated Randy Orton and Batista ( David Bautista ) in a Triple Threat match to earn a championship match against Cena at Armageddon . | [
"On the November 24 episode of Raw , Jericho defeated Randy Orton and Batista in a Triple Threat match to earn a title match against Cena at Armageddon ."
] | [
"Raw General Manager Eric Bischoff liked the idea of the match , but concluded with adding that he made a promise to Michaels for granting him a World title match at Backlash ; instead Bischoff booked a Triple Threat match between Benoit , Michaels and Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
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Armageddon ( 2008 ) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) , which took place on December 14 , 2008 at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York . | [
"Armageddon ( 2008 ) was a professional-wrestling pay-per-view ( PPV ) event produced by the World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) promotion , which took place on December 14 , 2008 at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo , New York ."
] | [
"Christopher Todd Mordetzky ( born January 8 , 1983 ) is an American professional wrestler best known by his ring name `` The Masterpiece '' Chris Masters . He currently wrestles for World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) on its SmackDown brand ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The second round was started by Punk defeating John Morrison with the GTS , and Mysterio defeated Kingston by pinning him with an Oklahoma roll . As a result , CM Punk would wrestle Rey Mysterio in the finals of the tournament . | [
"In the second round , Punk defeated Morrison and Mysterio defeated Kingston , resulting in Mysterio and Punk both qualifying for the finals at Armageddon ."
] | [
"Heel tag team Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase took exception to this and tried to gain his respect . Unsuccessful until the pay-per-view event Unforgiven , the three of them , alongside new recruit Manu , assaulted World Heavyweight Champion CM Punk , costing him his title ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The main rivalry on the SmackDown brand was between Edge , Triple H and Jeff Hardy over the WWE Championship . | [
"The main rivalry heading into Armageddon on the SmackDown brand was a match involving three competitors , known as a Triple Threat match in WWE , for the WWE Championship between Edge , Triple H , and Jeff Hardy ."
] | [
"At WrestleMania , Orton retained the WWE Championship in a Triple Threat match involving Cena and Triple H. Orton won the match by pinning Cena after a Pedigree from Triple H. The following month , at Backlash , Orton lost the title to Triple H in a Fatal Four-Way Elimination match , which also included Cena and J... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Sports:",
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At Survivor Series , Cena returned to the WWE after a neck injury and defeated Jericho to win the championship . | [
"At WWE 's November Survivor Series PPV event , Cena returned to the WWE after a legitimate neck injury ( that he sustained at SummerSlam ) and defeated Jericho to win the championship ."
] | [
"Throughout the weeks on Raw , Michaels got revenge on both Vince McMahon and the Spirit Squad , until the May 22 episode of Raw , where the Spirit Squad were scripted to injure Michaels ' left knee ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On the November 29 edition of SmackDown , General Manager Vickie Guerrero announced a Beat the Clock Sprint tournament , where the one of the three competitors ( Triple H , Hardy , and Kozlov ) would face Edge at Armageddon for the WWE Championship . | [
"SmackDown General Manager , Vickie Guerrero announced on the November 28 , 2008 episode of SmackDown that Triple H , Hardy , and Vladimir Kozlov would compete in a `` Beat the Clock '' challenge to gain the opportunity to face Edge at Armageddon for the title ."
] | [
"On the January 12 edition of ECW , however , Tatsu was not able to win the battle royal when he was eliminated by Kane . At the Royal Rumble Tatsu competed in his first Royal Rumble match , but was eliminated by John Cena ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The next week , Vickie Guerrero announced that WWE board members had decided Edge would have to defend the title against both Triple H and Jeff Hardy . | [
"One week later on the December 5 , 2008 episode of SmackDown , it was announced that the WWE Board of Directors had decided Edge would have to defend the title against both Triple H and Hardy at Armageddon ."
] | [
"Benoit responded by saying that it 's just not going to happen and stated that he 's the one who challenges Triple H for the World title , not Michaels . After Michaels responded by superkicking Benoit , he then signed his own name on the paper as the challenger to Triple H 's World Championship ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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The main rivalry on the Raw brand was between John Cena and Chris Jericho , with the two fighting over the World Heavyweight Championship . | [
"John Cena and Chris Jericho were involved in the main rivalry on the Raw brand over the World Heavyweight Championship ."
] | [
"Raw General Manager Eric Bischoff liked the idea of the match , but concluded with adding that he made a promise to Michaels for granting him a World title match at Backlash ; instead Bischoff booked a Triple Threat match between Benoit , Michaels and Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
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It contains the three colors of the Flag of Romania : red , yellow , and blue . | [
"It also consists of the three colors : red , yellow , and blue , which represent the colors of the national flag ."
] | [
"The most common variety has seven colors , purple , blue , azure , green , yellow , orange and red , and is emblazoned in bold with the Italian word PACE , meaning `` peace '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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The Coat of arms of Romania is the coat of arms that has been adopted by the Romanian Parliament on 10 September , 1992 . | [
"The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania ."
] | [
"The flag was adopted in 1914 but flown for the first time only at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp , Belgium ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
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It displays a golden aquila that is holding a cross in its beak . It also shows a mace and a sword in its claws . | [
"As a central element it shows a golden aquila holding a cross in its beak and a mace and a sword in its claws ."
] | [
"To the sides of the shield are a coconut palm to the right and a carnauba palm to the left , connected by two branches of sugar cane ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
The design for it came from the coat of arms that the Kingdom of Romania created back in 1922 . | [
"It is based on the Lesser Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Romania ( used between 1922 and 1947 ) , redesigned by Victor Dima ."
] | [
"In 1877 , it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was rarely used ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Chaos was found in 1998 by the Deep Ecliptic Survey , with Kitt Peak 's 4 m telescope . | [
"Chaos was discovered in 1998 by the Deep Ecliptic Survey , with Kitt Peak 's 4 m telescope ."
] | [
"Shoemaker-Levy 9 , at the time captured by and orbiting Jupiter , was located on the night of March 24 , 1993 , in a photograph taken with the 40 c Schmidt telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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19521 Chaos is a Kuiper belt object . | [
"19521 Chaos , is a cubewano , a Kuiper belt object not in resonance with any planet ."
] | [
"279 Thule is a large main-belt asteroid ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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People in Mangalore speak many languages like Kannada , Tulu , Konkani and Beary . | [
"The four main languages in Mangalore are Tulu , Konkani , Kannada , and Beary with Tulu language being the mother tongue of the plurality ."
] | [
"The chief languages of the Presidency were Sindhi in Sindh , Kutchi in Kutch , Gujarati and Hindustani in Gujarat , Marathi in Thana and the central division , Gujarati and Marathi in Khandesh , and Marathi and Kannada in the southern division ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Mangalore is a city in the state of Karnataka , India . It is the capital city of Dakshina Kannada district . | [
"Mangalore is located at in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka ."
] | [
"The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara , whose impressive ruins surround modern Hampi , now a World Heritage Site in modern Karnataka , India ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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} |
Haywards Heath is a town in West Sussex , England , UK . | [
"He was intercepted in Haywards Heath by local Parliamentarians and defeated . Haywards Heath as a settlement is a relatively modern development ."
] | [
"Keymer is a village in the Mid Sussex District of West Sussex , England ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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It includes approximately 11,000 species divided up into about 10 families . | [
"It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families ."
] | [
"It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects the homes of approximately 10,000 people from flooding ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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} |
The order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants . | [
"Lamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants ."
] | [
"Regardless of the exact classification of charophyceans , the consensus among botanists is that they are the organisms most closely related to embryophytes ( land plants ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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A few well-known members of this order are the lavender , the lilac , the olive , the jasmine , the ash tree , the teak , the snapdragon , and a number of table herbs such as mint , basil , and rosemary . | [
"Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender , lilac , olive , jasmine , the ash tree , teak , snapdragon , sesame , psyllium , and a number of table herbs such as mint , basil , and rosemary ."
] | [
"Examples of true annuals include corn , wheat , rice , lettuce , peas , watermelon , beans , zinnia and marigold ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Larissa ( Greek : Î Î Ï Î Ï Î ) is the capital city of the Thessaly periphery of Greece , and capital of the Larissa Prefecture . Larissa is found in the north of the Thessaly plain near at the foot of the mountain Olympus . | [
"Larissa is a city and the capital of the Thessaly periphery of Greece and capital of the Larissa peripheral unit ."
] | [
"West Macedonia is one of the thirteen peripheries of Greece , consisting of the western part of the region of Macedonia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Larissa is crossed by Pineios river . | [
"Larissa lies on the river Pineios ."
] | [
"The lower town lies in the valley of TÃ cents rnava Mare river ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Saint-Morillon is a commune . It is found in the region Aquitaine in the Gironde department in the southwest of France . | [
"Saint-Morillon is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in south-western France ."
] | [
"Bayon-sur-Gironde ( Baion in Occitan ) is a commune in the Gironde department in south-western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:"
} |
Clinton Richard Dawkins ( born Nairobi , 26 March 1941 ) is a British ethologist , evolutionary biologist and writer who held the post of Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford . | [
"Clinton Richard Dawkins , FRS , FRSL ( born 26 March 1941 ) is a British ethologist and evolutionary biologist . He is an emeritus fellow of New College , Oxford , and was the University of Oxford 's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008 ."
] | [
"Andrew Zachary Fire ( born April 27 , 1959 ) is an American biologist and professor of pathology and of genetics at the Stanford University School of Medicine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The influence can be seen throughout Dawkins ' book The Selfish Gene . | [
"a. W. D. Hamilton hugely influenced Dawkins and the influence can be seen throughout Dawkins ' book The Selfish Gene ."
] | [
"Weber 's essay The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is his most famous work ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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