query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Matter attracts other matter with a force called gravity . Light is not matter , but its movement is changed by gravity as though it was matter . | [
"The term `` matter '' is used throughout physics in a bewildering variety of contexts : for example , one refers to `` condensed matter physics '' , `` elementary matter '' , `` partonic '' matter , `` dark '' matter , `` anti '' - matter , `` strange '' matter , and `` nuclear '' matter ."
] | [
"Finally , magnetic charge fails to account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents nor the force that a magnetic field applies to moving electric charges ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
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It is situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea and border on Schleswig-Holstein . | [
"It is situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea and borders on Schleswig-Holstein ."
] | [
"Situated on the scenic German Framework Road , Nienburg lies on the river Weser , approximately 55 k southeast of Bremen , and 45 k northwest of Hanover ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The district was madein 1994 by joining the old districts Gadebusch , Grevesmà 1\/4 hlen and Wismar , and also smaller parts of the districts Sternberg and Schwerin-Land . | [
"The district was created in 1994 by merging the previous districts Gadebusch , Grevesmà 1\\/4 hlen and Wismar , and also smaller parts of the districts Sternberg and Schwerin-Land ."
] | [
"GÃ 1\\/4 strow is a town in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Germany the capital of the district of GÃ 1\\/4 strow ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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1981 ( MCMLXXXI ) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar . | [
"1981 ( MCMLXXXI ) was a common year starting on Thursday ( link displays the 1981 Gregorian calendar ) ."
] | [
"Year 2 ( II ) was a common year starting on Sunday or Monday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ , see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Calendar:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Calendar:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Calendar:"
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There is a debate because the UK has parts of its Constitution codified ( written ) and uncodified ( not written ) . If the constitution is uncodified , then sources for the agreement are still accessible , they are just written in different various political books or tradition , instead of written all in one place lik... | [
"The terms written constitution and codified constitution are often used interchangeably , as are unwritten constitution and uncodified constitution , although this usage is technically inaccurate ."
] | [
"In a mixed government , some issues ( often defined in a constitution ) are decided by the majority of the people , some other issues by few , and some other issues by a single person ( also often defined in a constitution ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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A coalition government , in a parliamentary system , is a government made from a coalition of parties . | [
"A coalition government , in a parliamentary system , is a government composed of a coalition of parties ."
] | [
"The Bundestag ( Federal Diet ; ) is a federal legislative body in Germany . In practice Germany is governed by a bicameral legislature , of which the Bundestag has the role of lower house ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Government and Politics:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Government and Politics:",
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A coalition government , in a parliamentary system , is a government made from a coalition of parties . This means the union of different political parties or groups for a purpose , usually for a short time . | [
"The Cambridge Dictionary defines coalition as : the union of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose , usually for a limited time ."
] | [
"By definition the difference between a confederation and a federation is that the many memberships of the member states in a confederation are voluntary , while the membership in a federation is not ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Government and Politics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Government and Politics:",
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The Soviets hung large banners across it to prevent him looking into the East . | [
"The Soviets hung large red banners across it to prevent him looking into the East ."
] | [
"Afterward , he left their mutilated bodies in front of the palace for all to see ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it but it was closed when the Berlin Wall was built in 1961 . | [
"Following Germany 's surrender and the end of the war , the governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it in a joint effort ."
] | [
"The Four Power Agreement on Berlin ( September 1971 ) and the Transit Agreement ( May 1972 ) helped to slightly ease tensions over the status of West Berlin . While many restrictions remained in place , it also made it easier for West Berliners to travel to East Germany and it simplified the regulations for German... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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On December 21 , 2000 , the Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished at a cost of 3 million dollar cost . | [
"On December 21 , 2000 , the Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished at a cost of six million dollars ( U.S. ) ."
] | [
"In 2006 an Immigration Detention Centre , containing approximately 800 beds , was constructed on the island for the Department of Immigration . Originally estimated to cost $ 210 million , the final cost was over $ 400 million ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When the Nazis came to power , they used the Gate as their symbol . | [
"When the Nazis ascended to power they used the Gate as a party symbol ."
] | [
"They seem to go back as far as 1945 , when used in Berlin at the conclusion of World War II ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In the 1980s West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsà cker said : | [
"In the 1980s , decrying the existence of two German states , West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsà cker said : `` The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed . ''"
] | [
"Weizsà cker was born in the New Castle in Stuttgart , the son of diplomat and politician Ernst von Weizsà cker and Marianne , nà e von Graevenitz , a member of the noted Weizsà cker family ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On the 22nd of December 1989 , the Brandenburg Gate re-opened when Helmut Kohl , the West German Chancellor , walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow , the East German Prime Minister . | [
"On 22 December 1989 , the Brandenburg Gate crossing was reopened when Helmut Kohl , the West German chancellor , walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow , the East German prime minister ."
] | [
"Chris Gueffroy ( June 21 , 1968 , Pasewalk , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern -- February 6 , 1989 ) was the last person to be shot while trying to escape to West Berlin across the Berlin Wall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Larchamp is a commune of 1017 people ( 1999 ) . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France . | [
"Larchamp is a commune in the Mayenne department in north-western France ."
] | [
"Saint-Benoist-sur-Mer is a commune ( or Saint-Benectict-super-mare ) in the Vendà e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Saint-Ouen-en-Champagne is a commune . It is found in the region Pays de la Loire in the Sarthe department in the west of France . | [
"Saint-Ouen-en-Champagne is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays-de-la-Loire in north-western France ."
] | [
"Sablà - sur-Sarthe , commonly referred to as Sablà , is a commune in the Sarthe department in the Pays de la Loire region in west France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the description about Geography:"
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It was released on June 15 , 2010 and debuted at # 1 on the US Billboard 200 chart and sold 447,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release . | [
"The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart with first-week sales of 447,000 copies ."
] | [
"Released by TriStar Pictures , the film opened to critical acclaim on August 14 , 2009 , in North America and earned $ 37 million in its opening weekend ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The album reached # 1 on the US Billboard R&B \/ Hip-Hop Albums , US Billboard Rap Albums , US Billboard 200 , UK R&B Chart and the Canadian Albums Chart . | [
"It also entered at number one on Billboards R&B \\/ Hip-Hop Albums and Rap Albums chart . In its second week , the album dropped to number two on the Billboard 200 and sold 157,000 copies ."
] | [
"Their debut album CexCells was released on August 14 , 2007 and reached # 18 on the Billboard 200 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Serpent has a block size of 128 bits and supports a key size of 128 , 192 or 256 bits . | [
"Like other AES submissions , Serpent has a block size of 128 bits and supports a key size of 128 , 192 or 256 bits ."
] | [
"In June 2003 , the U.S. Government announced that AES may be used to protect classified information : The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm ( i.e. , 128 , 192 and 256 ) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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However , many cryptanalysts believe that if implementations considered to overcome the XSL attack , the XSL attack would be more difficult than a brute force attack . | [
"However , many cryptanalysts believe that once implementation considerations are taken into account the XSL attack would be more expensive than a brute force attack ."
] | [
"Weak keys usually represent a very small fraction of the overall keyspace , which usually means that , if one generates a random key to encrypt a message , weak keys are very unlikely to give rise to a security problem ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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For that reason , Rijndael was selected as the winner in the AES competition . | [
"Hence , Rijndael was selected as the winner in the AES competition ."
] | [
"Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher which was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) contest , where it came second to Rijndael ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is completely placed in the public domain and can be freely used by anyone . | [
"It is completely in the public domain and can be freely used by anyone ."
] | [
"Among other things , it explains how the layout of books can be improved and how books are stored on Wikipedia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The XSL attack , if effective and would weaken Serpent ( though not as much as it would weaken Rijndael , which became AES ) . | [
"The XSL attack , if effective , would weaken Serpent ( though not as much as it would weaken Rijndael , which became AES ) ."
] | [
"Bruce Schneier notes that while Blowfish is still in use , he recommends using the more recent Twofish algorithm instead ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher which was the second finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) contest after Rijndael . | [
"Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher which was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) contest , where it came second to Rijndael ."
] | [
"Hence , Rijndael was selected as the winner in the AES competition ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Serpent was widely viewed as a more traditional approach to security than the other AES finalists choosing a larger security margin : the designers estimated 16 rounds to be sufficient against known types of attack , but specified 32 rounds as insurance against future progress in cryptanalysis . | [
"Serpent was widely viewed as taking a more conservative approach to security than the other AES finalists , opting for a larger security margin : the designers deemed 16 rounds to be sufficient against known types of attack , but specified 32 rounds as insurance against future discoveries in cryptanalysis ."
] | [
"The vetting process for a new cipher design standard usually takes many years and includes exhaustive testing of large quantities of ciphertext for any statistical departure from random noise ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The 32 rounds make Serpent more secure than Rijndael ; however , Rijndael with 10 rounds is faster and easier to implement for small Block ciphers and on embedded system . | [
"The 32 rounds means that Serpent has a higher security margin than Rijndael ; however , Rijndael with 10 rounds is faster and easier to implement for small blocks ."
] | [
"For example , the Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding ( OAEP ) scheme uses a simple Feistel network to randomize ciphertexts in certain asymmetric key encryption schemes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be called a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area . | [
"Temperatures that people from a hotter climate consider normal can be termed a heat wave in a cooler area if they are outside the normal climate pattern for that area ."
] | [
"Warming centers are generally opened for only a few days at a time based on the conditions of the area , although some are open for specific portion of the year when weather conditions are adverse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A heat wave is a long period of extremely hot weather , which may be followed by high humidity . | [
"A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively hot weather , which may be accompanied by high humidity ."
] | [
"Continental climate is a climate that is characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby . Often winter temperature is cold enough to support a fixed period of snow each year , and relatively moderate precipitation occurring mostly in summer , althou... | SimpleWiki | {
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The term is used on both common weather changes and to very hot spells which may occur only once a century . | [
"The term is applied both to routine weather variations and to extraordinary spells of heat which may occur only once a century ."
] | [
"Warming centers are generally opened for only a few days at a time based on the conditions of the area , although some are open for specific portion of the year when weather conditions are adverse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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There is no definition of a heat wave that everyone agrees on ; the term depends on the usual weather in the area . | [
"There is no universal definition of a heat wave ; the term is relative to the usual weather in the area ."
] | [
"It is an imprecise description and the area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was devised by doctor and situation comedy writer Fintan Coyle and the comedian Cathy Dunning , and developed for television by the BBC Entertainment department . | [
"It was devised by Fintan Coyle and Cathy Dunning , and developed for television by the BBC Entertainment department ."
] | [
"After her time on Buffy , Benson began production on a series of animation films for the BBC with co-creator Christopher Golden and animation studio Cosgrove Hall ."
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The UK version , hosted by Anne Robinson , reached its 1,000 th episode on 18 December 2006 . | [
"The UK version , hosted by Anne Robinson , voiced by Jon Briggs reached its 1,000 th episode on 18 December 2006 ."
] | [
"It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 21 , 1991 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They were planned by the London , Brighton and South Coast Railway but were delayed by the Grouping and were introduced by the Southern Railway . | [
"They were planned by the London , Brighton and South Coast Railway but were delayed by the World War I and the grouping and were introduced by the Southern Railway ."
] | [
"LNER Class Y11 was a class of petrol powered 0-4-0 locomotives built by Motor Rail & Tram Car Company Limited under their Simplex brand and introduced in the years 1919 â `` 1925 for the London and North Eastern Railway ( LNER ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The county has a major tourism industry . | [
"The county has a major tourist industry ."
] | [
"Mullan also has its own fire department ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Oxford University Press has headed a concentration of print and publishing firms ; the university is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies . | [
"Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms ; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies ."
] | [
"The lone college in its earliest beginning has sprung to 12 colleges , seven graduate , two professional schools , and a score of research and specialized centers , including a teaching hospital , an entrepreneurial center , and an integrated learning center for toddlers ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Oxfordshire ( short Oxon , from the Latinised form Oxonia ) is a county in the South East of England , bordering on Northamptonshire , Buckinghamshire , Berkshire , Wiltshire , Gloucestershire , and Warwickshire . | [
"Oxfordshire ( or ; archaically the County of Oxford ; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of `` Oxford '' , Oxonia ) is a county in the South East region of England , bordering on Warwickshire , Northamptonshire ( to the north\\/northeast ) , Buckinghamshire ( to the east ) , Berkshire ( to the south ) , Wilt... | [
"The Thames Valley Police cover the counties of Berkshire , Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The area was part of the Cotswolds wool trade from the 13th century . | [
"The area was part of the Cotswolds wool trade from the 13th century , generating much wealth , particularly in the western portions of the county in the Oxfordshire Cotswolds ."
] | [
"Jeffersonville began as an important trading center for cattle in Eastern Kentucky during the mid-19th century ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Future population growth in the county is hoped to be concentrated around Banbury , Bicester , Didcot and Witney , near the South Midlands growth area . | [
"Future population growth in the county is hoped to be concentrated around Oxford , Banbury , Bicester , Didcot and Witney , near the South Midlands growth area ."
] | [
"The town 's bus services and major bus routes include route X5 to Milton Keynes , Cambridge and Oxford and services to Northampton , Kettering and other towns in the region ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is divided into five local government districts : Oxford , Cherwell , Vale of the White Horse ( after the Uffington White Horse ) , West Oxfordshire and South Oxfordshire . | [
"It is divided into five local government districts : Oxford , Cherwell , Vale of White Horse ( after the Uffington White Horse ) , West Oxfordshire and South Oxfordshire ."
] | [
"The Thames Valley Police cover the counties of Berkshire , Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Other significant settlements are Bicester , Banbury , and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford ; Witney to the west ; Thame and Chinnor to the east ; and Abingdon , Wantage , Didcot and Henley-on-Thames to the south . | [
"Other significant settlements are Banbury , Bicester , Kidlington , and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford ; Witney to the west ; Thame and Chinnor to the east ; and Abingdon , Wantage , Didcot , Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south ."
] | [
"Didcot is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire about 10 m south of Oxford ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Vale of the White Horse and parts of South Oxfordshire south of the River Thames were historically part of Berkshire , but were added to the administrative county in 1974 . | [
"The Vale of the White Horse district and parts of the South Oxfordshire administrative district south of the River Thames were historically part of Berkshire , but were added to the administrative county of Oxfordshire in 1974 ."
] | [
"Christ Church Cathedral is the cathedral of the diocese of Oxford , which consists of the counties of Oxfordshire , Buckinghamshire and Berkshire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Historically the area has always had some importance , it has been good agricultural land resting between the main southern cities and Oxford ( whose name came from Anglo-Saxon Oxenaford = `` ford for oxen '' ) . | [
"The university in the county town of Oxford ( whose name came from Anglo-Saxon Oxenaford = `` ford for oxen '' ) grew in importance during the Middle Ages and early modern period ."
] | [
"Around 55 AD , a piled bridge was constructed , and the local Romans built a small trading settlement next to itâ '' the town of Londinium ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The importance of agriculture as an employer has gone down in the 20th century ; today less than one percent of the county 's population are involved . | [
"The importance of agriculture as an employer has declined rapidly in the 20th century though ; currently under one percent of the county 's population are involved due to high mechanisation ."
] | [
"In the United States , according to Business magazine , an estimated 15 million functionally illiterate adults held jobs at the beginning of the 21st century ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Morris Motors was founded in Oxford in 1912 and MG in Abingdon in 1929 . | [
"Morris Motors was founded in Oxford in 1912 , bringing heavy industry to an otherwise agricultural county ."
] | [
"Halls was first made in the 1930s in Britain by the Halls Brothers company ( founded 1893 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The area is known for the concentration of motorsport companies and facilities . | [
"The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities ."
] | [
"Over the last 20 years a tourist industry has developed because of the pleasant scenery and gold mining history ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Evaporation is a very essential part of the water cycle . | [
"Evaporation is an essential part of the water cycle ."
] | [
"A chemical change can have a huge impact on a physical change ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Alden is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Alden is a city in Hardin County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Magnolia is a city in Harrison County , Iowa in the United States of America ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Del Rio is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County , Texas , United States . | [
"Del Rio is a border city in and the county seat of Val Verde County , Texas , United States . ."
] | [
"Tucumcari is a city in and the county seat of Quay County , New Mexico , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is near the Laughlin Air Force Base . | [
"Del Rio is also home to Laughlin Air Force Base , the busiest pilot training base in the United States Air Force ."
] | [
"It was located in Picnic Point National Park , near the South Sydney Power station ."
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She was returned to her owners at Deptford on May 25 , 1789 . | [
"She arrived back in England on 25 May 1789 ."
] | [
"Gould and Gilbert arrived with in Hobart on the Parsee on 19 September 1838 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Fishburn and the Golden Grove left Port Jackson in November 1788 to return to England . She had to rest at the Falkland Islands for several days as several sailors were sick . | [
"She left Port Jackson on 19 November 1788 , keeping company with the Golden Grove until losing sight of her on 11 April 1789 after several days at the Falkland Islands for recovery of crew members who were sick with scurvy ."
] | [
"The captain of the Manilus , known in the Victorian Shipping records as the `` Plague ship '' , would not receive his bounty as forty-five of the ship 's 243 passengers had been lost to yellow fever during the journey from Scotland 's shores ."
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BratovoeÅ ti is a commune found in Dolj County , Romania . | [
"BratovoeÅ ti is a commune in VÃ cents lcea County , Romania with a population of 3,693 people . It has the following constituent villages : BÄ doÅ i , BratovoeÅ ti , Georocu Mare and Prunet ."
] | [
"RÃ cents Å ca is a commune located in Suceava County , Romania ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Bavarian or Austro-Bavarian is a major group of Upper German varieties . Like standard German , Austro-Bavarian is a High German language , but they are not the same language . | [
"Austro-Bavarian or Bavarian ( German : Bairisch , autonym Boarisch ) is a major group of Upper German varieties spoken in the south east of the German language area ."
] | [
"Although the Slavic languages split from a common proto-language later than any other group of the Indo-European language family , enough differences exist between the various Slavic dialects and languages to make communication between speakers of different Slavic languages difficult ."
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Like standard German , Austro-Bavarian is a High German language , but they are not the same language . However , Austro-Bavarian and Standard German have influenced each other and the vast majority of Austro-Bavarian speakers speak Standard German as well . | [
"In contrast to many other dialects of German , Austro-Bavarian differs sufficiently from Standard German to make it difficult for native Austro-Bavarian speakers to adopt standard pronunciation ."
] | [
"For example , English is related to other Indo-European languages and Mandarin is related to other Sino-Tibetan languages . By this criterion , each language isolate constitutes a family of its own , which explains the exceptional interest that these languages have received from linguists ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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However , Austro-Bavarian and Standard German have influenced each other and the vast majority of Austro-Bavarian speakers speak Standard German as well . | [
"With the spread of universal education , the exposure of speakers of Austro-Bavarian to Standard German has been increasing , and many younger people , especially in the region 's cities , and larger towns speak standard German with only a slight accent ."
] | [
"However , the Galician community does not regard Galician as a variety of Portuguese but as a distinct language . They point out that modern Galician descended , without interruption and in situ , from mediaeval Galician ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The Austro-Bavarian language has its origins in the Germanic tribe known as the Bavarii , who established a tribal duchy , which covered much of what is today Bavaria and some of Austria in the early Middle Ages and was eventually subdued by Charlemagne . | [
"The Austro-Bavarian regiolect has its origins in the Germanic tribe known as the Bavarii , who established a tribal duchy , which covered much of what is today Bavaria and some of Austria in the early Middle Ages and was eventually subdued by Charlemagne ."
] | [
"The Salian Franks were one of two Frankish tribes who were then occupying the area west of the lower Rhine , with their center in an area known as Toxandria , between the Meuse and Scheldt ( in what is now the Netherlands and Belgium ) . Clovis 's power base was to the southwest of this , around Tournai and Cambra... | SimpleWiki | {
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Giraffatitan ( meaning `` giraffe titan '' ) is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs that lived during the late Jurassic Period about 140 million years ago . | [
"Giraffatitan , meaning `` giraffe titan '' , is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the late Jurassic Period ( Kimmeridgian-Tithonian stages ) ."
] | [
"Suchomimus ( `` crocodile mimic '' ) is a genus of large spinosaurid dinosaur with a crocodile-like mouth that lived 112 million years ago , during the late Aptian stage of the Cretaceous period in Africa ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
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In 1988 , Gregory S. Paul said that there were some differences between the Brachiosaurus brancai and the North American Brachiosaurus , so he created a subgenus called Brachiosaurus ( Giraffatitan ) brancai . | [
"In 1988 , Gregory S. Paul noted that Brachiosaurus brancai ( on which most popular depictions of Brachiosaurus were based ) showed significant differences from the North American Brachiosaurus , especially in the proportions of its trunk vertebrae and in its more gracile build . Paul used these differences to crea... | [
"In this environment , it was an apex predator at the top of the food chain , probably preying on other large dinosaurs like the hadrosaur Saurolophus or the sauropod Nemegtosaurus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1991 , George Olshevsky said there were enough differences to make its own genus , creating Giraffatitan . | [
"In 1991 , George Olshevsky asserted that these differences were enough to place the African brachiosaurid in its own genus , simply Giraffatitan ."
] | [
"The first suggestion for a name came from Galle , who proposed the name Janus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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It was one of the largest animals known to have walked the earth . | [
"Giraffatitan was one of the largest animals known to have walked the earth ."
] | [
"Two of his crewmen were the first recorded humans to have set foot on Christmas Island ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The GukanshÅ records that he ruled from the palace of Ukena-no-miya at Katashiro in Kawachi in what will come to be known as Yamato province . | [
"Jien records that he ruled from the palace of Ukena-no-miya at Katashiro in Kawachi in what will come to be known as Yamato province ."
] | [
"In 1871 the area from the Kiso Three Rivers in the north to present-day Tsu became AnÅ tsu Prefecture , and the area south of that became Watarai Prefecture ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This name must must have been regularized many centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Annei . | [
"It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication , which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Annei , possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known... | [
"Instead , Henry would be required to ask for the lands from Richard ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The GukanshÅ records that Annei was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei . | [
"Emperor Annei was either the eldest son or the only son of Emperor Suizei ."
] | [
"Yoshimune was not the son of any former shogun ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This emperor is venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara . | [
"This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) at Nara ."
] | [
"Jien records that Kaika was the second son of Emperor KÅ gen , and that he ruled from the palace of Isakawa-no-miya at Kasuga in what will come to be known as Yamato province ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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This emperor 's posthumous name literally means `` steady tranquility '' . | [
"This emperor 's posthumous name literally means `` steady tranquillity '' ."
] | [
"It is popularly translated as `` seize the day '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Emperor Annei was the 3rd emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . | [
"Emperor Annei ; also known as shikitsuhikotamatemi no Mikoto ; was the 3rd emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession ."
] | [
"The dynasty was interrupted briefly by the Second Zhou Dynasty ( October 8 , 690 â `` March 3 , 705 ) when Empress Wu Zetian seized the throne , becoming the first and only Chinese empress regnant , ruling in her own right ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Kojiki records only his name and genealogy . | [
"In Kojiki and Nihonshoki only his name and genealogy were recorded ."
] | [
"The Shintoshu explains origins of Japanese deities from a Buddhist perspective while the Hotsuma Tsutae records a substantially different version of mythology ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The actual site of his grave is not known . | [
"The actual site of Annei 's grave is not known ."
] | [
"The place where Waste was executed is now the site of a Roman Catholic church ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Very little information is available for study prior to the reign of the 29th monarch , Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ? | [
"The reign of Emperor Kimmei ( 509 ?"
] | [
"He succeeded to the throne at the age of 11 , on the death of his father on 4 April 1588 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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According to the saying , Wakefield was making chocolate cookies and because there was no more regular chocolate , she used broken pieces of semi-sweet chocolate instead , thinking it would melt and mix into the batter . | [
"Wakefield is said to have been making chocolate cookies and on running out of regular baker 's chocolate , substituted broken pieces of semi-sweet chocolate from Nestlà thinking that it would melt and mix into the batter ."
] | [
"It may form some bubbles during cooking , which results in a pale pancake with dark spots where the bubbles were , but the pancake does not rise ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Instead , it did not , and that was how chocolate chip cookies were made . | [
"It clearly did not and the chocolate chip cookie was born ."
] | [
"Even when bats , and finally racquets , became standard equipment for the game , the name did not change ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She owned the Toll House Inn , in Whitman , Massachusetts . The Toll House Inn was a very famous restaurant that served and made food in a home cooking style . | [
"She owned the Toll House Inn , in Whitman , Massachusetts , a very popular restaurant that featured home cooking in the 1930s ."
] | [
"It was created in 1934 by A.W. Leo , Tom Yates , Ralph Harrison as an ice cream topping in a converted garage in Fullerton , Calif. ; customers later discovered that it made an appealing drink when mixed with water ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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A chocolate chip cookie is a cookie that came from the United States . It has chocolate chips inside them , which are the most important ingredient . | [
"A chocolate chip cookie is a drop cookie that originated in the United States and features chocolate chips as its distinguishing ingredient ."
] | [
"A butter cake is a cake in which one of the main ingredients is butter . Butter cakes consist of taking the most basic of ingredients butter , sugar , eggs , flour , and a leavening agent ( baking powder or baking soda ) and transforming them into a baked good ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The restaurant 's popularity in the 1930s was not just because of its style , but it was also because Ruth gave diners a whole extra helping and some home made cookies to take home with them . | [
"The restaurant 's popularity was not just due to its home-cooked style meals ; her policy was to give diners a whole extra helping of their entrà es to take home with them and a serving of her homemade cookies for dessert ."
] | [
"These TV cookery programs brought the recipes of these cooks to a new audience who were keen to try out new ways of cooking ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The original recipe has a dough made of butter and both brown and white sugar . | [
"The traditional recipe combines a dough composed of butter and both brown and white sugar with semi-sweet chocolate chips ."
] | [
"English pancakes have three key ingredients : plain flour , eggs , and milk ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The chocolate chip cookie was accidentally made by Ruth Graves Wakefield in 1933 . | [
"The chocolate chip cookie was accidentally developed by Ruth Graves Wakefield in 1930 ."
] | [
"Bubble gum was invented by Walter Diemer in 1928 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Other kinds have additional ingredients , such as nuts and oatmeal . | [
"Variations include recipes with other types of chocolate or additional ingredients , such as nuts or oatmeal ."
] | [
"Its main ingredients are rice , barley , and a small quantity of soybeans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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Ronald William George Barker ( 25 September 1929 â `` 3 October 2005 ) , popularly known as Ronnie Barker and ( as a writer ) Gerald Wiley , was an English comic actor and writer . | [
"Ronald William George `` Ronnie '' Barker , OBE ( 25 September 1929 â `` 3 October 2005 ) was a British actor , comedian , writer , broadcaster and businessman ."
] | [
"Peter Aurness ( March 18 , 1926 â `` March 14 , 2010 ) , known professionally as Peter Graves , was an American film and television actor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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250 kilometers of cross-country ski tracks and 30 ski-lifts turn any kind of skiing . | [
"250 kilometres of cross-country ski tracks and 30 ski lifts make any kind of skiing possible ."
] | [
"Flà ming-Skate is a 160 k long route specially for inline skating , the only such route in Germany ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Hiking trails adding up to about 2,500 kilometers , leading through forests , across mountains and through valleys make Schmallenberg . | [
"Schmallenberg has a lot of hiking trails adding up to approximately 2,500 kilometres , leading through forests , across mountains and through valleys ."
] | [
"The mountains reach a height of 1547 m. The northern island contains many glaciers , while the southern one has a tundra landscape ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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The town at the upper course of the river Lenne has developed into one of Westphaliaâ s winter sports centers . | [
"Recently , the town at the upper course of the river Lenne has developed into one of Westphaliaâ s winter sport centers ."
] | [
"Surrounded by grassland , meadows and pastures , the town has preserved many of its elegant historic buildings until today and is recognized as one of the architecturally most intact gold towns in Victoria ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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The Benedictine monastery began in 1072 near Schmallenberg on a site at the foot of the Wilzenberg mountain , by Saint Anno , Archbishop of Cologne . | [
"In 1072 a Benedictine monastery of Grafschaft was founded near the Wilzenberg mountain by Saint Anno II , Archbishop of Cologne ."
] | [
"It was then located on the territory of Lower Lorraine , in the area of Geldern and Roermond , with its main stronghold at Montfort ( built 1260 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Lennestadt borders in the north on the communities of Bestwig and Meschede , in the east on Winterberg , in the south on Bad Berleburg , and in the west on the towns of Eslohe and Lennestadt . | [
"Schmallenberg in the North borders to the Municipality of Bestwig and the Town of Meschede , in the East to the Town of Winterberg , in the South to the Town of Bad Berleburg , and in the West to the Municipality of Eslohe ( Sauerland ) and the Town of Lennestadt ."
] | [
"Neighbour villages of Mettingen are Recke in the west , Neuenkirchen , ( Lower Saxony ) in the north , Ibbenbà 1\\/4 ren in the south and Westerkappeln in the east ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Monroe Regional Airport ( Louisiana ) ( airport code KMLU ) serves the city of Monroe , Louisiana . | [
"Monroe Regional Airport is a public use airport in Ouachita Parish , Louisiana , United States ."
] | [
"Its county seat is Mobile , Alabama ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Monroe Regional Airport is known as the birthplace of Delta Air Lines , that is where they were founded . | [
"The airport is advertised as the birthplace of Delta Air Lines ; the airport 's logo is a variant on the Delta logo ."
] | [
"With its new system of transpacific flights established , Northwest began to advertise itself as the Northwest Orient Airlines , although its registered corporate name remained `` Northwest Airlines '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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It opened on July 1 2006 with the New York Philharmonic playing . | [
"The Center opened on July 1 , 2006 , with a performance of the New York Philharmonic ."
] | [
"From September 4 , 1995 , the Mall became a venue for live television for the first time ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence about Shopping/Mall:"
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Woodstock was put on by Michael Lang , Artie Kornfeld , John Roberts and Joel Rosenman . | [
"Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of Michael Lang , John Roberts , Joel Rosenman , and Artie Kornfeld ."
] | [
"Early in 1966 at the Cheetah Club on Broadway at 53rd Street , Linda Keith , the girlfriend of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards , befriended Hendrix and recommended him to Stones ' manager Andrew Loog Oldham and later , producer Seymour Stein ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Joni Mitchell 's song `` Woodstock '' , about the event , also became a major hit song for Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young . | [
"The event was captured in the successful 1970 documentary movie Woodstock , an accompanying soundtrack album , and Joni Mitchell 's song `` Woodstock '' which commemorated the event and became a major hit for Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young ."
] | [
"Lead track `` Blue '' turned out to be a Top 40 hit in Canada ( peaking at # 33 ) , but the record 's production had been very expensive and the album failed to sell as expected in the U.S. Among the album 's songs is `` Miss Williams ' Guitar , '' a love song for Olson 's then-girlfriend , singer-songwriter Victo... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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On August 13 2006 , Crosby Stills Nash & Young amazed 16,000 fans at the new Center -- exactly 37 years after they played at Woodstock . | [
"On August 13 , 2006 , Crosby , Stills , Nash & Young performed to 16,000 fans at the new Center â '' 37 years after their historic performance at Woodstock ."
] | [
"The album , Nuff Said ( 1968 ) , contains live recordings from the Westbury Music Fair , April 7 , 1968 , three days after the murder of Martin Luther King , Jr. ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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In 1997 , the concert place and 1,400 surrounding acres were bought by Alan Gerry , and have become the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts . | [
"In 1997 , the site of the concert and 1400 a surrounding was purchased by Alan Gerry for the purpose of creating the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts ."
] | [
"Moreover , its National Office , which was previously located in Manhattan , was moved to Chicago at about the same time ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
When Lang and Kornfeld told the idea to Rosenman and Roberts , Rosenman got the idea of a rock concert with the same musicians . | [
"It was Roberts and Rosenman who had the finances ."
] | [
"After that , he tried to sell the script with the intention of playing the lead role ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The Woodstock Music and Art Festival was a rock music festival at Max Yasgur 's 600 acre ( 2.4 km ) dairy farm in the town of Bethel , New York from 15 Augustâ `` 18 August 1969 . | [
"Woodstock Music & Art Fair ( informally , Woodstock or The Woodstock Festival ) was a music festival , billed as `` An Aquarian Exposition : 3 Days of Peace & Music '' . It was held at Max Yasgur 's 600-acre ( 2.4 km ; 240 ha , 0.94 mi ) dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel , New York ,... | [
"Alfred Edward Morgans ( 17 February 1850 â `` 10 August 1933 ) was Premier of Western Australia for just 32 days , from 21 November to 23 December 1901 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about History:"
} |
Paragould is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America . | [
"Paragould is a city in Greene County , Arkansas , United States ."
] | [
"Walnut Ridge is a city in Lawrence County , Arkansas , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Bedtime Stories is a 2008 film directed by Adam Shankman starring Adam Sandler . | [
"Bedtime Stories is a 2008 American family-fantasy-comedy film directed by Adam Shankman that stars Adam Sandler in his first appearance in a family-oriented film ."
] | [
"Heavyweights is a 1995 Disney comedy film , directed by Steven Brill and co-written by Brill with Judd Apatow ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Alto-relievo ( high-relief ) may been seen in the pediments of classical temples , e.g. the Parthenon . | [
"Alto-relievo ( high relief ) can be seen in the pediments of classical temples such as the Parthenon ."
] | [
"In the 6th century , gorgoneia of a canonical `` lion mask type '' were ubiquitous on Greek temples , especially in and around Corinth ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
Year 1684 was a leap year that started on Saturday when using the Gregorian calendar . | [
"Year 1684 ( MDCLXXXIV ) was a leap year starting on Saturday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar ."
] | [
"2005 ( MMV ) was a Common year that started on a Saturday ( dominical letter B ) in the Gregorian calendar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Calendar:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Calendar:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Beriberi is a disease of the nervous system caused by a person not getting enough thiamine in the diet . | [
"Beriberi is a nervous system ailment caused by a thiamine deficiency ( deficiency of vitamin B1 ) in the diet ."
] | [
"The primary cause of rickets is a vitamin D deficiency . Vitamin D is required for proper calcium absorption from the gut ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Thiamine is needed to breakdown food such as glucose . It is also found on the membranes of neurons . | [
"Thiamine is involved in the breakdown of energy molecules such as glucose and is also found on the membranes of neurons ."
] | [
"Vitamin D is added to some calcium supplements . Proper vitamin D status is important because vitamin D is converted to a hormone in the body which then induces the synthesis of intestinal proteins responsible for calcium absorption ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
There is also a rare type of genetic beriberi . | [
"A rare condition known as genetic beriberi is passed down through families ."
] | [
"It is a type of neuropathic pain ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Symptoms of beriberi include severe lethargy and tiredness . There are also problems that affect the cardiovascular system , the nervous system , muscles , and gastrointestinal systems . | [
"Symptoms of beriberi include severe lethargy and fatigue , together with complications affecting the cardiovascular , nervous , muscular , and gastrointestinal systems ."
] | [
"In the minority of patients who experience acute phase symptoms , they are generally mild and nonspecific , and rarely lead to a specific diagnosis of hepatitis C. Symptoms of acute hepatitis C infection include decreased appetite , fatigue , abdominal pain , jaundice , itching , and flu-like symptoms ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Edmondo Fabbri ( born 16 September , 1921 ) is a former Italian football player . | [
"Edmondo Fabbri ( 16 November 1921 - 8 July 1995 ) was an Italian football ( soccer ) player and coach ."
] | [
"Francesco Rizzo ( born 30 May 1943 ) is a retired Italian footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Sports:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Sports:"
} |
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