query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
The Herald Sun is the biggest selling daily newspaper in Australia . It sells about 515,000 copies each day and is read by 1,500,000 people . | [
"The Herald Sun is the highest-circulating daily newspaper in Australia , with a weekday circulation of 515,000 and readership of 1,500,000 ."
] | [
"It has over 3.5 million subscribers and is read by 23 million adults each week , including over 18 million men ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Toyota Sienna is a family-sized Minivan that is built by Toyota Motor Corporation . The Sienna is built in Princeton , Indiana . | [
"The Toyota Sienna is a family minivan currently manufactured by Toyota at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indiana in Princeton , Indiana , United States for the North American market ."
] | [
"The Ford Flex is a full-size crossover manufactured by Ford Motor Company ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Automotive:"
} |
Later on Vikramaditya invaded Ujjain and drove away the Sakas . | [
"The date is supposed to mark the victory of king Vikramaditya over the Sakas , who had invaded Ujjain ."
] | [
"Gardabhilla himself was forgiven though . The defeated king retired to the forest where he was killed by a tiger ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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The powerful king of Ujjain , called Gardabhilla , kidnapped a nun , who was the sister of the monk . | [
"It mentions that Gardabhilla , the then powerful king of Ujjain , abducted a nun called Sarasvati who was the sister of the monk ."
] | [
"When he did tapasya and sadhana at Bavania in Gujarat , he was known as Tallaiya Baba ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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But in the end , Gardabhilla was forgiven and run away to a forest , where he was killed by a tiger . | [
"Gardabhilla himself was forgiven though . The defeated king retired to the forest where he was killed by a tiger ."
] | [
"The enraged monk sought help of the Saka ruler , a `` Sahi '' , in Sakasthana . Despite heavy odds ( but aided by miracles ) the Saka king defeated Gardabhilla and made him a captive ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The monk went to the Saka King to get help , and in the end , the Saka King beat Gardabhilla and catpured him and made him a prisoner . | [
"The enraged monk sought help of the Saka ruler , a `` Sahi '' , in Sakasthana . Despite heavy odds ( but aided by miracles ) the Saka king defeated Gardabhilla and made him a captive ."
] | [
"Once again in the form of the beautiful Tamamo-no-Mae , the fox prophesied that Miura-no-suke would kill it the next day , and begged for its life ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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To commemorate this event he started a new era called the Vikrama era . | [
"To the new era was established to commemorate this event ."
] | [
"Preceding it was the Einin era , and following it was the Kengen era ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Following the attack of the Axis powers on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941 , and the quick defeat of the Yugoslav army ( Jugoslovenska vojska ) , the whole country was occupied by Axis forces . | [
"Following the attack of the Axis powers on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941 , and the quick defeat of the Yugoslav Army ( Jugoslavenska Vojska ) , the country was occupied by Axis forces ."
] | [
"Vladko MaÄ ek , the leader of the Croatian Peasant Party ( HSS ) which was the most influential party in Croatia at the time , rejected German offers to lead the new government ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The coup failed and its conspirators were executed . | [
"The LorkoviÄ - VokiÄ coup failed and its conspirators were executed ."
] | [
"The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial , and rumors persisted that he had in fact died of torture ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In August 1944 , there was an attempt by Foreign Minister in NDH government Mladen LorkoviÄ and Minister of War Ante VokiÄ to execute a coup d'etat against Ante PaveliÄ . | [
"In August 1944 , there was an attempt by the NDH Foreign Minister Mladen LorkoviÄ and Minister of War Ante VokiÄ to execute a coup d' Ã tat against Ante PaveliÄ ."
] | [
"Ustashe 's unseen cruelty and savagery applied against Serbs and Jews even prompted the German command to demand that FrancetiÄ , as the commander of the 1st Brigade Black Legion , be dismissed which PaveliÄ refused , promoting FrancetiÄ to commander of all Ustashe field formations ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They were soon overpowered and the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) effectively ceased to exist in May 1945 , near the end of the war . | [
"They were soon overpowered and the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH ) effectively ceased to exist in May 1945 ."
] | [
"After the Soviet invasion of Poland , remnants of the Brigade fought both Wehrmacht and Red Army troops , capitulating on October 6 , 1939 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about History:"
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Before meeting Hitler , to appease the public , PaveliÄ published the `` Important Government 's Announcement '' (  '' VaÅ 3\/4 na obavijest Vlade `` ) in which he threatened those who were spreading the news `` about non-existent threats of disarmament of the Ustashe units by representatives of one foreign power , a... | [
"Before meeting Hitler , to appease the public , PaveliÄ published an `` Important Government Announcement '' (  '' VaÅ 3\\/4 na obavijest Vlade `` ) , in which he threatened those who were spreading the news `` about non-existent threats of disarmament of the Ustashe units by representatives of one foreign power... | [
"Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , commander-in-chief of all the Croatian camps , announced the great `` efficiency '' of the Jasenovac camp at a ceremony as early as 9 October 1942 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The NDH army withdrew towards Zagreb with German and Cossak troops by early 1945 , and continued fighting for a week after the German surrender on May 9th , 1945 . | [
"By early 1945 , the NDH army withdrew towards Zagreb with German and Cossak troops , and continued fighting for a week after the German surrender on May 9 , 1945 ."
] | [
"According to reports by General Glaise-Horstenau , Hitler was angry with PaveliÄ , whose policy inflamed the rebellion in Croatia , thwarting any prospect of deploying NDH forces on the Eastern Front ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Moreover , Hitler was forced to engage his forces in quelling the rebellion . | [
"Moreover , Hitler was forced to engage large forces of his own to keep the rebellion in check ."
] | [
"Schleicher , who had come to see Papen as a threat , blocked the martial law move by unveiling the results of a war games exercise that showed if martial law was declared , the Nazi SA and the Communist Red Front Fighters would rise up , the Poles would invade and the Reichswehr would be unable to cope ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Hitler and Mussolini installed the Croatian UstaÅ e , who had long sought Croatian independence , forming the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH - Nezavisna DrÅ 3\/4 ava Hrvatska ) . | [
"Slavko Kvaternik , deputy leader of the UstaÅ e proclaimed the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia ( NDH - Nezavisna DrÅ 3\\/4 ava Hrvatska ) on April 10 , 1941 ."
] | [
"The issue of StarÄ eviÄ 's alleged racism was further elaborated by Ivo Pilar , under the pseudonym L. von SÃ 1\\/4 dland ) The same book was translated into Croatian in 1943 , by Independent State of Croatia , as one of the tenets of its UstaÅ e. This racist work was reprinted in 1990 in Croatia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The British Army then turned over a number of them to the partisan forces . | [
"The British Army , however , turned disarmed soldiers and civilians over to the partisan forces ."
] | [
"The second was to keep open the supply lines to their own armies in North Africa ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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Ante PaveliÄ detached from the group and fled to Austria , Italy and finally Argentina . | [
"Ante PaveliÄ detached from the group and fled to Austria , Italy , Argentina and finally Spain , where he died in 1959 ."
] | [
"Vjekoslav `` Maks '' LuburiÄ , one of the chiefs of the secret police , started building concentration camps in the summer of the same year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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For that reason , Hitler summoned PaveliÄ to his war headquoters in Vinica ( Ukraine ) on September 23 , 1942 . | [
"For that reason , Hitler summoned PaveliÄ to his war headquarters in Vinnytsia ( Ukraine ) on 23 September 1942 ."
] | [
"The war ended on the insistence of the Entente in mid-September ( negotiations took place in SuwaÅ ki in early October ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The end of the war resulted in the establishment of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , with the Constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia officially making Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina one of six constituent republics in the new state . | [
"The end of the war resulted in the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Yugoslavia ( which later became the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ) , with the Constitution of 1946 officially making each of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina one of the six constituent republics of the new state ."
] | [
"One of the hardest tasks during his term was dealing with the crisis of the Yugoslav wars after the disintegration of former Yugoslavia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Political Science:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Political Science:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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The rest of the group , consisting of over 150,000 soldiers ( including Cossak troops ) and civilians negotiated passage with the British forces on the Austrian side of the Austrian-Slovenian border . | [
"The rest of the group , consisting of over 150,000 soldiers ( including Cossak troops ) and civilians , negotiated with the British forces for passage to the Austrian side of the Austrian-Slovenian border ."
] | [
"At the Pyrenees , he released another 11,000 Iberian troops who showed reluctance to leave their homeland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In May 1945 , a large column composed of UstaÅ a followers and NDH Army troops and civilians retreated from the partisan forces , heading northwest towards Italy and Austria . | [
"In May 1945 , a large column composed of anti-communists , Chetniks , UstaÅ a followers , NDH Army troops and civilians retreated from the partisan forces , heading northwest towards Italy and Austria ."
] | [
"According to reports by General Glaise-Horstenau , Hitler was angry with PaveliÄ , whose policy inflamed the rebellion in Croatia , thwarting any prospect of deploying NDH forces on the Eastern Front ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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According to the Glaise von Horstenau reports , Hitler was angry with PaveliÄ whose policy inflamed the rebellion in Croatia - by which Hitler lost ability to engage the Independent State of Croatia forces on the Eastern Front . | [
"According to reports by General Glaise-Horstenau , Hitler was angry with PaveliÄ , whose policy inflamed the rebellion in Croatia , thwarting any prospect of deploying NDH forces on the Eastern Front ."
] | [
"PaveliÄ 's regime was not officially recognized by the Vatican , but the Church never condemned the genocide and forced conversions to Catholicism perpetrated by the UstaÅ e. Soon after coming to power in April 1941 , PaveliÄ was given a private audience in Rome by Pope Pius XII , an act for which the Pope was wid... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Colorado State University is the main university of Colorado State University System . | [
"The university is the state 's land grant university , and the flagship university of the Colorado State University System ."
] | [
"There are also two schools in Normal that are operated by Illinois State University ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The university has about 1,400 faculty in eight colleges and 55 academic departments . | [
"The university has approximately 1,300 faculty in eight colleges and 55 academic departments ."
] | [
"Winona State University ( also known as `` WSU '' ) is a comprehensive , public university in Winona , Minnesota , United States with more than 8,600 enrolled undergraduate and graduate students ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Houchin is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Houchin is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
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Advance Australia Fair is the official national anthem of Australia . | [
"`` Advance Australia Fair '' is the official national anthem of Australia ."
] | [
"In 1976 a petition was presented to parliament asking for it to be made the national anthem , and , with the permission of Queen Elizabeth II , it became the country 's second national anthem on November 21 , 1977 , on equal standing with God Save The Queen . Up until then `` God Save The Queen '' was New Zealand ... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Chernobyl disaster occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Pripyat , Ukraine . | [
"The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukrainian SSR ( now Ukraine ) ."
] | [
"The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ) announced on 27 March that workers hospitalized as a precaution on 25 March had been exposed to between 2 and 6 Sv of radiation at their ankles when standing in water in unit 3 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is in Kansas City , Missouri . | [
"It is located in Kansas City , Missouri ."
] | [
"He lives in Paradise Valley , Montana , where he wrote his first book ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It is made of a plastic or metal container , which contains a flammable liquid or gas . There is also a means of producing the flame , and extinguishing it , when it is no longer needed . | [
"It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with a flammable fluid or pressurized liquid gas , a means of ignition , and some provision for extinguishing the flame ."
] | [
"While sodium reacts with water at room temperature , the sodium piece melts with the heat of the reaction to form a sphere , if the reacting sodium piece is large enough ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Market Rasen is a town in Lincolnshire , England . In 2001 there were 3,230 people living in Market Rasen . | [
"Originally , `` Rasen '' , as it is known locally , was called `` East Rasen '' and also `` Rasen Parva '' or `` Little Rasen '' ."
] | [
"Brigg ( formerly Glanford Brigg ) in North Lincolnshire , England , is a small market town on the River Ancholme with a population of 5,076 in 2,213 households ( 2001 UK census ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This category is for articles and events specifically related to the 8th century , which began in the year 701 and ended in the year 800 . | [
"The 8th century is the time from 701 to 800 ."
] | [
"The 2nd millennium was a period of time that commenced on January 1 , 1001 , and ended on December 31 , 2000 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Quincy-sous-le-Mont is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Quincy-sous-le-Mont is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Berry-au-Bac is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He plays for Ankaragà 1\/4 cà 1\/4 . | [
"On 29 January 2010 , he signed a six month contract with Ankaragà 1\\/4 cà 1\\/4 ."
] | [
"He is currently managing FK Å 1\\/2 eljezniÄ ar ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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In the earlier years of the band , they were under SM Entertainment , later switching to Good Entertainment . | [
"However , after going to court , Shinhwa won the case , thus moving completely from SM Entertainment to Good Entertainment ."
] | [
"After only a few appearances , she joined a stable called The Gathering and was written into angles with the group ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Sports:"
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They are called `` Clovis culture '' because archaeologists first found their artifacts at Clovis , New Mexico . | [
"It is generally accepted that Clovis people hunted mammoth as Clovis points have repeatedly been found in sites containing mammoth remains . Mammoth was only a small part of the Clovis diet ; extinct bison , mastodon , sloths , tapir , palaeolama , horse ( the association of Clovis with horse remains is in dispute... | [
"The later Gravettian occupation , which occurred 25,000 to 27,000 years ago , left little but a child 's footprints , the charred remains of ancient hearths and carbon smoke stains from torches that lit the caves ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Class 395 is the designation of new dual-voltage EMUs being built to operate new high speed domestic services on the High Speed 1 railway line in the United Kingdom . | [
"British Rail Class 395 is a dual-voltage electric multiple unit ( EMU ) used by train operating company Southeastern for its services along High Speed 1 and onwards to the Kent coast . The trains were built in Japan by Hitachi and shipped to the United Kingdom to operate new high speed domestic services ."
] | [
"The Grand Central Railway Company Limited is a privately-owned train operating company operating passenger rail services under the name Grand Central on the East Coast Main Line ( ECML ) in the United Kingdom ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Transportation:",
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The trains will be the fastest operating domestic service trains in Britain , running at a maximum speed of 225 k when they are introduced by operator Southeastern in 2009 . | [
"The trains are the fastest operating domestic service trains in the United Kingdom , running at a maximum speed of 140 m."
] | [
"It is the central London railway terminus for suburban First Capital Connect services from Hertford , Welwyn Garden City and Letchworth and was , until March 2009 , a terminus for trains on the Thameslink line , also run by First Capital Connect ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Saint Vincent is an island and is the largest island located on the chain of islands called Saint Vincent and the Grenadines . | [
"It is the largest island of the chain called Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ."
] | [
"Basseterre , estimated population 15,500 in 2000 , is the capital of the Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the West Indies ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Calhoun is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Calhoun is a city in McLean County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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At the time , most ( but not all ) of the letters from F through I were already designated , so the use of the letter K was considered quite reasonable . | [
"At the time , most ( but not all ) of the letters from F through to J were already designated , so the use of the letter K was considered quite reasonable ."
] | [
"Later during the 80 's , the added names were made a permanent part of the Eastern Pacific lists , and other names were added for even-numbered years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The German-speaking scientists who isolated and described vitamin K ( in addition to naming it as such ) did so because the vitamin is intimately involved in the ` Koagulation ' ( clotting ) of blood following wounding . | [
"The German-speaking scientists who isolated and described vitamin K ( in addition to naming it as such ) did so because the vitamin is intimately involved in the Koagulation of blood following wounding ."
] | [
"Today scurvy is known to be caused by a nutritional deficiency , but until the isolation of vitamin C and its direct link to scurvy in 1932 , numerous theories and treatments were proposed , often on little or no experimental data . This inconsistency is attributed to the lack of vitamin C as a distinct concept , ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Currently there are no vitamins F to J. These existed at some time . Today they are either reclassified ( no longer seen as vitamins ) . | [
"The reason that the set of vitamins skips directly from E to K is that the vitamins corresponding to letters F-J were either reclassified over time , discarded as false leads , or renamed because of their relationship to vitamin B , which became a complex of vitamins ."
] | [
"The dogma classes these into 3 groups of 3 : 3 general transfers ( believed to occur normally in most cells ) , 3 special transfers ( known to occur , but only under specific conditions in case of some viruses or in a laboratory ) , and 3 unknown transfers ( believed never to occur ) ."
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A vitamin is a chemical compound that is needed for the human body to work correctly . They include Vitamin A , many B vitamins ( like B1 , B2 , B3 , B6 , and B12 ) , Vitamin C , Vitamin D , Vitamin E , and Vitamin K. For example , citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons contain vitamin C. | [
"For example , ascorbic acid ( vitamin C ) is a vitamin for humans , but not for most other animals , and biotin and vitamin D are required in the human diet only in certain circumstances ."
] | [
"Apart from a high level of proteins , lentils also contain dietary fiber , folate , vitamin B1 , and minerals ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The following table lists chemicals that had previously been classified as vitamins , as well as the earlier names of vitamins that later became part of the B-complex . | [
"The table on the right lists chemicals that had previously been classified as vitamins , as well as the earlier names of vitamins that later became part of the B-complex ."
] | [
"Although chemically it is an amino acid , GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities , because the term `` amino acid , '' used without a qualifier , conventionally refers to the alpha amino acids , which GABA is not , nor is it a protein ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Gurdaspur district ( Doabi : à à 3\/4 à à à à 3\/4 à -- à à à à à à à ) is a district in the Amritsar division part of the state of Doab ( India ) , situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India . | [
"Gurdaspur district ( Doabi : à -- à à à à à à à à à 1\\/4 à à à 3\\/4 ) is a district in the state of Punjab , situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India ."
] | [
"à à 3\\/4 à -- \\/ Ø Ù Ù Ø Ù Ø Ú \\/ Anaá tnÄ g \\/ , meaning abode of springs and lakes ) , ( An-ant = un-ending , Naga = Springs ) a city and a municipality in Anantnag district in the state of Jammu & Kashmir , India . Anantnag is regarded as the commercial and financial capital of the valley of Kashmir ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It is located on bank of Chenab River . | [
"It is located on left bank of the Chenab River on the Sargodha to Faisalabad road ."
] | [
"Namli Maira is a mountainous rural area located in Abbottabad District ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Chiniot is a city of Punjab province in Pakistan and a capital of Chiniot District . | [
"It is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan . Chiniot is the capital of Chiniot District , until 2009 it was part of Jhang District in the former Faisalabad Division ."
] | [
"Vehari District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan - the city of Vehari is the capital of the district ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In the International Phonetic Alphabet , `` global '' rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising left-to-right ( â -- ) and falling left-to-right ( â ) , respectively . | [
"In the International Phonetic Alphabet , global rising and falling intonation are marked with a diagonal arrow rising left-to-right ( â -- ) and falling left-to-right ( â ) , respectively ."
] | [
"Leonese language has a system with 5 vowels in a stressed position , represented a , e , i , o , u and three ( two archiphonemes \\/ I \\/ , \\/ U \\/ and one phoneme \\/ a \\/ ) in non-stressed position , represented with e , u , a at the end of word ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Some languages like Chikasaw and kalaallisut have the opposite pattern : rising for statements and falling with questions . | [
"Some languages like Chickasaw and Kalaallisut have the opposite pattern : rising for statements and falling with questions ."
] | [
"The nouns and adjectives are created by removing the ending and thus obtaining the root ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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All languages use pitch semantically , that is , as intonation , for instance for emphasis , to convey surprise or irony , or to pose a question . | [
"All languages use pitch pragmatically , that is , as intonation , for instance for emphasis , to convey surprise or irony , or to pose a question ."
] | [
"is a punctuation mark usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume , and often marks the end of a sentence ."
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After Miller 's death in 2007 , scientists examined sealed vials preserved from the original experiments . They were able to show that there were well over 20 different amino acids produced in Miller 's original experiments . | [
"After Miller 's death in 2007 , scientists examining sealed vials preserved from the original experiments were able to show that there were actually well over 20 different amino acids produced in Miller 's original experiments ."
] | [
"The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes ( filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria , but that may contain DNA ) in deep rocks might be seen as lending support to Gold 's theory ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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That is considerably more than those Miller originally reported , and more than the 20 that naturally occur in life . | [
"That is considerably more than what Miller originally reported , and more than the 20 that naturally occur in life ."
] | [
"More than 800 people were added as of April 2009 , and 44 organizations that supported the campaign ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Miller and Urey experiment ( or Ureyâ `` Miller experiment ) was an experiment to make organic compounds out of inorganic ones by applying a form of energy . | [
"The Miller and Urey experiment ( or Ureyâ `` Miller experiment ) was an experiment that simulated hypothetical conditions thought at the time to be present on the early Earth , and tested for the occurrence of chemical origins of life ."
] | [
"No new notable research or theory on the subject appeared until 1924 , when Alexander Oparin reasoned that atmospheric oxygen prevents the synthesis of certain organic compounds that are necessary building blocks for the evolution of life ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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California is represented by two senators : Barbara Boxer , and Dianne Feinstein . | [
"At the present time , both of California 's Senators , Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer , are Jewish ."
] | [
"Deborah Ann Greer `` Debbie '' Stabenow ( born April 29 , 1950 ) is the junior United States Senator from Michigan and a member of the Democratic Party ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It also has some of the country 's largest cities , such as Los Angeles , San Diego , San Jose , and San Francisco . | [
"Its five largest cities are Los Angeles , San Diego , San Jose , San Francisco , and Fresno ."
] | [
"Warne is closer to the capitals of six other states ( Georgia , Alabama , Tennessee , South Carolina , Kentucky , and West Virginia ) than to Raleigh , the capital of North Carolina ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1846 , as the Mexican-American War was starting , some Americans in California hoped to create a California Republic . | [
"The California Republic was short lived . The same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War ( 1846 â `` 1848 ) ."
] | [
"With the election of Lincoln , the Civil War broke out ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This Republic ended suddenly , however , when Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into San Francisco Bay . He said that California was now part of the United States . | [
"When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States ."
] | [
"Yellville is named after Archibald Yell who was the first member of the United States House of Representatives from Arkansas , second Governor of Arkansas , and who fell in combat at the Battle of Buena Vista in the Mexican-American War . Yellville existed well before the state of Arkansas was accepted into the Un... | SimpleWiki | {
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Tunceli is a province in the eastern part of Turkey . | [
"Tunceli ( ; Zazaki : Dersim is a city in Turkey . It is the provincial capital of Tunceli Province ."
] | [
"Van Province is a province in eastern Turkey , between Lake Van and the Iranian border ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The province was named Dersim before 1936 . The word Dersim means silver door in the Kurdish language . | [
"The original name of the area was Dersim ."
] | [
"Erzincan ( Turkish Erzincan , Persian , Arabic : Ø Ø Ø Ù Ù Ø Ø Ù , also known in Byzantine sources as Celtzene and Acilisene to the Romans ) is the capital of Erzincan Province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In our solar system , there are 4 gas giants : Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune . | [
"There are four gas giants in our Solar System : Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune ."
] | [
"At perihelion , it moves much closer to the Sun than Uranus , while at aphelion it moves out well beyond the orbit of Neptune ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A gas giant is a large planet that has a solid core , but a very thick atmosphere . This means that most of the planet is made up of gas . | [
"A gas giant ( sometimes also known as a Jovian planet after the planet Jupiter , or giant planet ) is a large planet that is not primarily composed of rock or other solid matter ."
] | [
"Its density was found to be very low ( around 1.2 times the density of water ) , indicating that the asteroid is porous to very porous ; from 25 % to as much as 60 % of it may be empty space , depending on the details of its composition ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Glycogen storage disease type II ( Pompe 's Disease ) is a disease that causes glycogen to accumulate in lysosomes . | [
"It is the only glycogen storage disease with a defect in lysosomal metabolism , and the first glycogen storage disease to be identified , in 1932 ."
] | [
"Beriberi is a nervous system ailment caused by a thiamine deficiency ( deficiency of vitamin B1 ) in the diet ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Under Emperor Diocletian , the persecution of Christians because the strongest . | [
"Under Emperor Diocletian , the persecution of Christians reached its peak ."
] | [
"As a result of this idea , in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , the Roman Catholic Church identified the Roman Catholicism to the Croatian nationhood which turned most of its priesthood into ardent Ustashe supporters ."
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In the next century , the Arabs also captured southern Italy and Sicily . | [
"In the following century , the Arabs also captured southern Italy and Sicily ."
] | [
"Eventually , because of Rome , the art of baking became known throughout Europe , and eventually spread to the eastern parts of Asia ."
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In 1000 AD , the Eastern Empire was at its largest point : Basileios II reconquered Bulgaria and Armenia , culture and trade flourished . | [
"In 1000 AD , the Eastern Empire was at its height : Basileios II reconquered Bulgaria and Armenia , culture and trade flourished ."
] | [
"In the following century , the Arabs also captured southern Italy and Sicily ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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All religions except Christianity were banned in 391 AD by an edict of Emperor Theodosius I. | [
"All religions except Christianity were prohibited in 391 AD by an edict of Emperor Theodosius I."
] | [
"The Guard was dissolved by Emperor Constantine I in the 4th century ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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However , the expansion was suddenly stopped in 1071 at the Battle of Manzikert . | [
"However , soon after the expansion was abruptly stopped in 1071 at the Battle of Manzikert ."
] | [
"Its status as a state went into full effect two years later on January 1 , 1979 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Byzantines , however , managed to stop Islamic invader from moving further into their lands during the 8th century and , beginning in the 9th century , took parts of the conquered lands back over . | [
"The Byzantines , however , managed to stop further Islamic expansion into their lands during the 8th century and , beginning in the 9th century , reclaimed parts of the conquered lands ."
] | [
"The Goth leader Theodoric the Great , king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths , was allied by marriage with the Vandals as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I. Like the Goths , the Vandals , whose influence can best be judged in their longest-lasting kingdom in North Africa , were... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Eastern Empire came to an end when Mehmed II conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453 . | [
"The Eastern Empire came to an end when Mehmed II conquered Constantinople on May 29 , 1453 ."
] | [
"This period spanned the years from March 1259 through April 1260 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Byzantines were threatened by the rise of Islam , whose followers took over the territories of Syria , Armenia and Egypt and soon threatened to take over Constantinople . | [
"In the east , partially resulting from the destructive Plague of Justinian , the Byzantines were threatened by the rise of Islam , whose followers rapidly conquered the territories of Syria , Armenia and Egypt during the Byzantine-Arab Wars , and soon presented a direct threat to Constantinople ."
] | [
"The Goth leader Theodoric the Great , king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths , was allied by marriage with the Vandals as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I. Like the Goths , the Vandals , whose influence can best be judged in their longest-lasting kingdom in North Africa , were... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Beginning with Emperor Nero in the first century AD , the Roman government did not like Christianity . At some points , people could be put to death because they were Christians . | [
"Beginning with Emperor Nero in the 1st century AD , Roman official policy towards Christianity was negative , and at some points , simply being a Christian could be punishable by death ."
] | [
"Longinus ' legend grew over the years to the point that he was said to have converted to Christianity after the Crucifixion , and he is traditionally venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and several other Christian communions ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Several centuries of fighting and Turkic invasions ultimately made it possible for Emperor Alexius I Comnenus to send a call for help to the West in 1095 . | [
"Several centuries of internal strife and Turkic invasions ultimately paved the way for Emperor Alexius I Comnenus to send a call for help to the West in 1095 ."
] | [
"The Fourth Crusade was initiated in 1202 by Pope Innocent III , with the intention of invading the Holy Land through Egypt ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The conquest of Constantinople in 1204 split what little land remained in the Empire into new countries , the ultimate winner being Nicaea . | [
"The conquest of Constantinople in 1204 fragmented what little remained of the empire into successor states , the ultimate victor being that of Nicaea ."
] | [
"The term can also be used for the art of Eastern Orthodox states which were contemporary with the Byzantine Empire and were culturally influenced by it , without actually being part of it ( the `` Byzantine commonwealth '' ) , such as Bulgaria , Serbia , or Rus and also for the art of the Republic of Venice and Ki... | SimpleWiki | {
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A century later , in 395 AD , it was permanently split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire . | [
"The Empire was permanently divided into the Eastern Roman Empire ( later known as the Byzantine Empire ) and the Western Roman Empire in 395 ."
] | [
"Originating in the eastern Mediterranean coast of the Middle East ( modern Israel and Palestine ) , it quickly spread to Syria , Mesopotamia , Asia Minor and Egypt , it grew in size and influence over a few decades , and by the 4th century had become the dominant religion within the Roman Empire ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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However , Christianity became an officially supported religion in the Roman Empire under Constantine I , who was the next Emperor . With the signing of the Edict of Milan in 313 , it quickly became the biggest religion . | [
"However , it became an officially supported religion in the Roman state under Diocletian 's successor , Constantine I , with the signing of the Edict of Milan in 313 , and quickly became dominant ."
] | [
"Religious persecution has taken place at least since the Persecution of early Christians in the Roman Empire , and has happened in completely different historical , geographical and social contexts , but still , some generalizations are necessary . One period of religious persecution which has been studied extensi... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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In classical economics , capital is one of three factors of production , the others being land and labor . | [
"In classical economics , capital is one of three ( or four , in some formulations ) factors of production ."
] | [
"Although these goods are free goods ( in the economic sense ) once they have been produced , they do require scarce resources , such as skilled labor , to create them in the first place ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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For him , both were kinds of capital . | [
"For an enterprise , both were kinds of capital ."
] | [
"At first , he is successful , but soon realizes that he left a `` property of Bart Simpson '' label on the radio ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The classical economist David Ricardo would use the above definition for the term fixed capital while including raw materials and intermediate products are part of his circulating capital . | [
"Within classical economics , Adam Smith ( Wealth of Nations , Book II , Chapter 1 ) distinguished fixed capital from circulating capital , including raw materials and intermediate products ."
] | [
"The term `` investment '' is used differently in economics and in finance . Economists refer to a real investment ( such as a machine or a house ) , while financial economists refer to a financial asset , such as money that is put into a bank or the market , which may then be used to buy a real asset ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Example trick arrows include : glue arrows , net arrows , explosive arrows , grappling arrows , and boxing-glove arrows . | [
"Dressed like Robin Hood , Green Arrow is an archer who invents trick arrows with various special functions , such as glue arrows , net arrows , explosive arrows , time bomb arrows , grappling arrows , fire extinguishing arrows , flash arrows , tear gas arrows , cryonic arrows , boxing-glove arrows , and even a kry... | [
"The rage aura can be customized with different colors and effects to appear like fire , electricity , ice , among others ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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The stated intention of ASALA was `` to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its alleged responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915 , pay reparations , and cede territory for an Armenian homeland '' . | [
"The stated intention of ASALA was `` to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its responsibility for the deaths of 1.5 million Armenians in 1915 , pay reparations , and cede territory for an Armenian homeland '' ."
] | [
"The term `` Armenian Question '' as used in European history , became common place among diplomatic circles and in the popular press after the Congress of Berlin ; that in like Eastern Question , refers to powers of Europe 's involvement to the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Russo-Turki... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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According to Dr Tessa Hofmann , Turkish officials frequently used the accusation of collaboration with the ASALA and foreign Armenian circles to incriminate extreme left-wing Turkish opposition groups . | [
"According to Tessa Hofmann , Turkish officials frequently used the accusation of collaboration with the ASALA and foreign Armenian circles to incriminate extreme left-wing Turkish opposition groups ."
] | [
"It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties , nationalistic groups , religious groups , revolutionaries , and ruling governments ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ( ASALA ) was a Marxist-Leninist guerilla organization , that operated from 1975 to 1986 . | [
"The Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ( ASALA ) was a Marxist-Leninist militant organization , that operated from 1975 to 1986 ."
] | [
"The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) was founded in 1964 and is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people diplomatically and engage in political violence ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description about Politics:",
"pos": "Represent the description about Politics:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
In many countries where an  # sd system (  # 1 = 20 shillings = 240 pence ) is used , the process of decimalisation was carried out . | [
"The currency was decimalised in all countries where a pounds-shillings-pence  # sd system (  # 1 = 20 shillings = 240 pence ) was previously used ."
] | [
"Note , however , that the à re would remain as a subdivision unit for electronic payments ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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When countries form a monetary union , redenomination may be required and the conversion ratio is often not a nice even number , or even less than 1 . | [
"When countries form a monetary union , redenomination may be required . The conversion ratio is often not a round number , and may be less than 1 ."
] | [
"An exception to this is temperature wherein the conversion will be rounded either to precision comparable to that of the input value or to that which would give three significant figures when expressed in kelvins , whichever is the most precise ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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While they were at it , some chose to change the main unit as well . | [
"Several countries chose to change the main currency unit at the same time ."
] | [
"Some version simply changed the political character of the song :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Clarbec is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Clarbec is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Saint-Georges-d ` Aunay is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
} |
Unlike some other ornithischians , the Leaellynasaura did not have any tendons in its tail . | [
"Unlike more advanced ornithischians , Leaellynasaura lacked ossified tendons in its tail ."
] | [
"They were herbivorous quadrupeds with longer forelegs than hind legs - the name derives from the Greek for arm lizard - and long necks ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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It also has more vertebrae in its tail than any other ornithischians except for some hadrosaurs . | [
"It also has more tail vertebrae than any other ornithischians except for some hadrosaurs ."
] | [
"Various theories had been proposed to explain the ancestry of the `` segnosaurids , '' with some scientists even suggesting they were descendants of the sauropodomorphs - but new , well-preserved finds such as Alxasaurus in 1993 and Beipiaosaurus in 1996 provided details about the bird-like pelvis , feet and skull... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
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Leaellynasaura is known from two nearly complete skeletons and two skulls . | [
"Leaellynasaura is known from several specimens including two nearly complete skeletons and two fragmentary skulls ."
] | [
"The type specimen or holotype of Sinovenator changii is IVPP 12615 , a partial skull and disarticulated skeleton ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
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} |
The tail is known for being among the longest of its relatives : it was three times longer than the rest of the whole body . | [
"The tail is noteworthy as among the longest relative to its body size of any ornithischian : the tail was three times as long as the rest of the body combined ."
] | [
"Adult males have a large and fleshy nose which overhangs its mouth , but the female Proboscis Monkey does not have a large nose in comparison to the male ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Edward , the Black Prince ( 15 June 1330 â `` 8 June 1376 ) was the oldest son of King Edward III of England . | [
"Edward of Woodstock , Prince of Wales , Duke of Cornwall , Prince of Aquitaine , KG ( 15 June 1330 â `` 8 June 1376 ) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault , and father to King Richard II of England ."
] | [
"Eleanor of Provence ( c. 1223 â `` 24\\/25 June 1291 ) was Queen consort of England as the spouse of King Henry III of England from 1236 until his death in 1272 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about History:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about History:"
} |
Oswaldo de Oliveira ( born 5 December 1950 ) is a Brazilian football manager . | [
"Oswaldo de Oliveira Filho ( born , December 5 , 1950 , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil ) is a Brazilian football manager ."
] | [
"Alcindo Sartori ( born 21 October 1967 ) is a retired Brazilian football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:"
} |
He manages for Kashima Antlers . | [
"He currently manages Kashima Antlers ."
] | [
"In English , it calls itself Nerima City ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Wolfgang Rolff ( born 26 December , 1959 ) is a former German football player . | [
"Wolfgang Rolff ( born 26 December 1959 ) is a German football manager and former player ."
] | [
"Bernd Patzke ( born 14 March 1943 ) is a former German football player ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sports:"
} |
It was made after the canton of Jura split from the canton of Bern . | [
"Bernese Jura is the name for the French-speaking area of the Swiss canton of Bern , and from 2010 one of five administrative divisions of the canton ."
] | [
"Spreitenbach became a municipality in the short-lived canton of Baden ; since 1803 the municipality has been in the canton of Aargau ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Elemer Kaiser Bolton ( June 23 , 1886 â `` July 30 , 1968 ) , was a chemist , and a biologist . He invented Neoprene . | [
"Elmer Keiser Bolton ( June 23 , 1886 â `` July 30 , 1968 ) was an American chemist and research director for DuPont , notable for his role in developing neoprene and directing the research that led to the discovery of nylon ."
] | [
"Ivan ( Janez ) Regen ( known also as Johann Regen ) ( December 9 , 1868 â `` July 27 , 1947 ) was a Slovenian biologist , best known for his studies in the field of bioacoustics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
} |
Grand Mound is a city of Iowa in the United States . | [
"Grand Mound is a city in Clinton County , Iowa , United States ."
] | [
"Spragueville is a city in Jackson County , Iowa , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
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Heinrich Sutermeister ( born Feuerthalen , 12 August , 1910 -- died Vaux-sur-Morges , 16 March , 1995 ) was a Swiss composer . | [
"Heinrich Sutermeister ( born Feuerthalen , 12 August 1910 â `` died Vaux-sur-Morges , 18 March 1995 ) was a Swiss opera composer ."
] | [
"Heinz Wewers ( born 27 July 1927 - 29 August 2008 ) was a German footballer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:"
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Castlevania : Dawn of Sorrow is an action-adventure video game made by Konami for the Nintendo DS handheld game console . | [
"Castlevania : Dawn of Sorrow , known in Japan as AkumajÅ Dracula : Sougetsu no JÅ `` jika , is an action-adventure game developed and published by Konami . It is part of Konami 's Castlevania video game series and the first Castlevania game to be released on the Nintendo DS ."
] | [
"Picross DS is a puzzle video game developed by Jupiter and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia text:"
} |
Castlevania : Dawn of Sorrow is an action-adventure video game made by Konami for the Nintendo DS handheld game console . It 's the sequel to Castlevania : Aria of Sorrow for the Game Boy Advance and stars Soma Cruz . | [
"Dawn of Sorrow is set in the fictional universe of the Castlevania series ."
] | [
"Mega Man Star Force , known in Japan as , is a Mega Man action role-playing video game published and developed by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
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