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Later , A.A. Mordvinov reported in his memoirs that the four Grand Duchesses looked `` cold and visibly terribly upset '' by Rasputin 's death . He added that they sat `` huddled up closely together '' on a sofa on the night they heard he was killed . | [
"In his memoirs , A.A. Mordvinov reported that the four Grand Duchesses appeared `` cold and visibly terribly upset '' by Rasputin 's death , and sat `` huddled up closely together '' on a sofa in one of their bedrooms on the night they received the news ."
] | [
"In a May 7 , 1918 letter from Tobolsk to her sister Maria in Yekaterinburg , Anastasia described a moment of joy despite her sadness and loneliness and worry for the sick Alexei : `` We played on the swing , that was when I roared with laughter , the fall was so wonderful !"
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At that time , it is said that there was a short time when the killed bodies were left in the truck and in the basement of the house . | [
"There was reportedly a span of time when the bodies of the victims were left largely unattended in the truck , in the basement and in the corridor of the house ."
] | [
"At the time , he saw only three of them , and he believed them to be fixed stars near Jupiter ."
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Thick smoke and dust filled the room from the shooting , so the gunmen left the room for a few minutes . | [
"Thick smoke had filled the room from so many weapons being fired at close quarters , as well as from plaster dust released from the walls by bullets . To allow the haze to clear , the gunmen left the room for some minutes , leaving all the victims behind ."
] | [
"Jones then lights a flare by piercing it with one of the nails and holds it up in order to locate the door . He then leaves the room and enters a fourth , which is occupied by then bassist Paul Gray ."
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The other remains had different DNA . They were the bodies of the family 's doctor ( Yevgeny Botkin ) , valet ( Alexei Trupp ) , cook ( Ivan Kharitonov ) and Alexandra 's maid ( Anna Demidova ) . | [
"The other remains , with unrelated DNA , correspond to the family 's doctor ( Yevgeny Botkin ) , their valet ( Alexei Trupp ) , their cook ( Ivan Kharitonov ) and Alexandra 's maid ( Anna Demidova ) ."
] | [
"Dr. Yevgeny Sergeivich Botkin , also known as Dr. Eugene Botkin ( 27 March 1865 â `` 17 July 1918 ) was the court physician for Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra and , while in exile with the family , sometimes treated the hemophilia-related complications of the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia ."
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After some time , they begin wondering if `` Madame A. Anderson '' really is the missing Grand Duchess . | [
"As time goes by they begin to suspect that this `` Madame A. Anderson '' really is the missing Grand Duchess ."
] | [
"The play concludes with the revelation that Luckless 's landlady is in reality the Queen of `` Old Brentford '' and that her daughter , Harriot , is now royalty ."
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Anastasia was also called `` Malenkaya '' , meaning `` little ( one ) '' , or `` shvibzik '' , the Russian word for `` imp '' . | [
"Other family nicknames for Anastasia were `` Malenkaya , '' meaning `` little ( one ) , '' or `` shvibzik , '' the Russian word for `` imp . ''"
] | [
"There is also a source claiming that the term originated from Ki Nabalu , where Ki meaning `` have '' or `` exist '' , and Nabalu meaning `` spirit of the dead '' ."
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When some of the pieces of bone in the skulls were missing , they guessed how long or wide it was instead . | [
"They estimated the height and width of the skulls where pieces of bone were missing ."
] | [
"The whole of the lower half of his body and right side of his face are replaced , as is his left arm from the shoulder down , with scarring and metal accouterments covering what little was left of his organic self ."
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Anastasia was a Grand Duchess . Because this made Anastasia an `` Imperial Highness '' , she was higher in rank than other Princesses in Europe who were `` Royal Highnesses '' . | [
"Anastasia 's title is most precisely translated as `` Grand Princess , '' meaning that Anastasia , as an `` Imperial Highness '' was higher in rank than other Princesses in Europe who were `` Royal Highnesses . ''"
] | [
"Shortly afterward , Elizabeth began to be styled Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother . This style was adopted because the normal style for the widow of a king , `` Queen Elizabeth '' , would have been too similar to the style of her elder daughter , now Queen Elizabeth II ."
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In 1994 , a tissue sample from Andersen in a hospital was used for DNA tests with the blood of Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh . Prince Philip was a grandnephew of Empress Alexandra . | [
"DNA tests were conducted in 1994 on a tissue sample from Anderson located in a hospital and the blood of Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , a grandnephew of Empress Alexandra ."
] | [
"In later years , when dozens of people made claims to be surviving members of the imperial family , a woman named Marga Boodts claimed to be Grand Duchess Olga , but her claim was not taken seriously ."
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Russian scientists did not agree with this . They claimed that it was the body of Maria was missing , not Anastasia 's . | [
"Russian scientists contested this conclusion , however , claiming that it was the body of Maria that was missing ."
] | [
"At the time , he saw only three of them , and he believed them to be fixed stars near Jupiter ."
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When she did not recognize the girl , the guard took her away . | [
"Helena Petrovna said she did not recognize the girl and the guard took her away ."
] | [
"At the most dramatic moment , a young boy appears with instructions for the old man : to ring the bell ."
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Their older sisters Olga and Tatiana were known as `` The Big Pair '' , because they shared a room as well . | [
"Their older sisters Olga and Tatiana also shared a room and were known as `` The Big Pair . ''"
] | [
"Rasputin 's friendship with the Imperial children was evident in some of the messages he sent to them ."
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When the Whites reached Yekaterinburg , the Imperial Family were gone . | [
"When the Whites reached Yekaterinburg , the Imperial Family had simply disappeared ."
] | [
"As the Bolsheviks approached , Alexander Kerensky of the Provisional Government had them moved to Tobolsk , Siberia ."
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According to Gieb Botkin , `` in naughtiness she was a true genius '' . He was the son of the court doctor Yevgeny Botkin , who later died with the family at Ekaterinburg . | [
"`` She undoubtedly held the record for punishable deeds in her family , for in naughtiness she was a true genius , '' said Gleb Botkin , son of the court physician Yevgeny Botkin , who later died with the family at Ekaterinburg ."
] | [
"Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna was told that Vishnyakova 's claim had been immediately investigated , but instead `` they caught the young woman in bed with a Cossack of the Imperial Guard . ''"
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The Russians used a computer program to compare photos of Anastasia with the skulls from the grave . | [
"The Russians identified Anastasia by using a computer program to compare photos of the youngest grand duchess with the skulls of the victims from the mass grave ."
] | [
"DNA tests were conducted in 1994 on a tissue sample from Anderson located in a hospital and the blood of Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , a grandnephew of Empress Alexandra ."
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Dr. Pavel Utkin also told the investigators that the girl , whom he had helped in Perm when she was hurt , had said , `` I am the daughter of the ruler , Anastasia . '' | [
"Utkin also told the White Russian Army investigators that the injured girl , whom he treated at Cheka headquarters in Perm , told him , `` I am the daughter of the ruler , Anastasia . ''"
] | [
"In later years , when dozens of people made claims to be surviving members of the imperial family , a woman named Marga Boodts claimed to be Grand Duchess Olga , but her claim was not taken seriously ."
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Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his wife Alexandra Fyodorovna . Anastasia was murdered with her family on 17 July 1918 by the Bolshevik secret police . | [
"Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia ( , Velikaya Knyazhna Anastasiya Nikolayevna Romanova ) ( â `` July 17 , 1918 ) , was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia , the last sovereign of Imperial Russia , and his wife Alexandra Fyodorovna ."
] | [
"Her mother relied on the counsel of Grigori Rasputin , a Russian peasant and wandering starets or `` holy man , '' and credited his prayers with saving the ailing Tsarevich on numerous occasions ."
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However , DNA testing in 1994 on pieces of Anderson 's tissue and hair showed that she was not related to the Imperial family . | [
"Anderson 's body was cremated upon her death in 1984 , but DNA testing in 1994 on available pieces of Anderson 's tissue and hair showed no relation to DNA of the Imperial family ."
] | [
"Russian scientists contested this conclusion , however , claiming that it was the body of Maria that was missing ."
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In 1956 , a movie called Anastasia was made . Ingrid Bergman acted Anna Anderson , Yul Brynner was General Bounine ( a fictional character based on several real men ) , and Helen Hayes as the Dowager Empress Marie , Anastasia 's grandmother . | [
"The most famous is probably the highly fictionalized 1956 Anastasia starring Ingrid Bergman as Anna Anderson , Yul Brynner as General Bounine ( a fictional character based on several actual men ) , and Helen Hayes as the Dowager Empress Marie , Anastasia 's paternal grandmother ."
] | [
"In 1953 , Peter Zamiatkin , who was reportedly a member of the guard of the Russian Imperial Family , told a 16-year-old fellow hospital patient that he had taken Anastasia and Alexei to his birth village near Odessa at the request of the Tsar ."
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Anastasia and her sisters learned to wash their own clothes and make bread at the Ipatiev House . | [
"Anastasia and her sisters learned how to do their own laundry and assisted the cook in making bread while they were in captivity at the Ipatiev House ."
] | [
"Hallie Erminie Rives , a best-selling American author and wife of an American diplomat , described how 10-year-old Anastasia ate chocolates without bothering to remove her long , white opera gloves at the St. Petersburg opera house ."
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Pierre Gilliard remembered his last sight of the children : `` The sailor Nagorny , who attended to Alexei Nikolaevitch , passed my window carrying the sick boy in his arms , behind him came the Grand Duchesses loaded with valises and small personal belongings . | [
"Pierre Gilliard recalled his last sight of the children at Yekaterinburg : `` The sailor Nagorny , who attended to Alexei Nikolaevitch , passed my window carrying the sick boy in his arms , behind him came the Grand Duchesses loaded with valises and small personal belongings ."
] | [
"In a May 7 , 1918 letter from Tobolsk to her sister Maria in Yekaterinburg , Anastasia described a moment of joy despite her sadness and loneliness and worry for the sick Alexei : `` We played on the swing , that was when I roared with laughter , the fall was so wonderful !"
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Anastasia was executed with her family by a firing squad in the early morning of 17 July 1918 . | [
"Anastasia was executed along with her family by a firing squad in the early morning of July 17 , 1918 ."
] | [
"He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity and executed on October 16 , 1946 ."
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Some of these people said that the girl was Anastasia when they saw photographs of the grand duchess by White Russian Army investigators . | [
"Some of the witnesses identified the girl as Anastasia when they were shown photographs of the grand duchess by White Russian Army investigators ."
] | [
"At Tobolsk , she and her sisters sewed jewels into their clothing in hopes of hiding them from their captors , since Alexandra had written to warn them that she , Nicholas and Maria had been searched upon arriving in Ekaterinburg , and had items confiscated ."
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In his memoirs , Alexander Strekotin , one of the guards at the Ipatiev House , called Anastasia `` very friendly and full of fun '' . Another guard said Anastasia was `` a very charming devil ! | [
"In his memoirs , one of the guards at the Ipatiev House , Alexander Strekotin , remembered Anastasia as `` very friendly and full of fun , '' while another guard said Anastasia was `` a very charming devil !"
] | [
"Xenia 's younger sister , Olga , wrote about the joy of her wedding , `` The Emperor was so happy ."
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But the next day , on 15 July 1918 , Anastasia and her sisters seemed happier . They joked and helped move the beds in their shared bedroom so that the cleaning women could clean the floors . | [
"But the next day , on July 15 , 1918 , Anastasia and her sisters appeared in good spirits as they joked and helped move the beds in their shared bedroom so that cleaning women could clean the floors ."
] | [
"Pierre Gilliard recalled his last sight of the children at Yekaterinburg : `` The sailor Nagorny , who attended to Alexei Nikolaevitch , passed my window carrying the sick boy in his arms , behind him came the Grand Duchesses loaded with valises and small personal belongings ."
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She and other members of her family performed plays for their parents and others in the spring of 1918 . | [
"She and other members of the household performed plays for the enjoyment of their parents and others in the spring of 1918 ."
] | [
"The unofficial period of mourning ended when Emily hosted a New Year 's party at the White House on January 1 , 1830 ."
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Ermakov told his wife that Anastasia was killed by a bayonet , and Yurovsky wrote that as the bodies were carried out , one or more of the girls cried out and were hit on the back of the head with a club . However , the back of Maria 's skull does not show any signs of having been clubbed . | [
"Although Ermakov 's archived statement does not say so , he told his wife that Anastasia was finished off with bayonets , while Yurovsky wrote that as the bodies were carried out , one or more of the girls cried out and were clubbed on the back of the head ."
] | [
"Shocked by the constant beating of the heart and a feeling that not only are the officers aware of the sound , but that they also suspect him , the narrator confesses to killing the old man and tells them to tear up the floorboards to reveal the body ."
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They were told they were moving to a new place for their safety . They claimed it was because of the possible violence which might happen when the White Army reached Yekaterinburg . | [
"They were told they were being moved to a new location to ensure their safety in anticipation of the violence that might ensue when the White Army reached Yekaterinburg ."
] | [
"Ironically , it now appears that rumors started to hide the fact that the family was dead actually fueled the rumors they were alive ."
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`` They were completely at ease ( comfortable ) with him . '' | [
"`` They were completely at ease with him . ''"
] | [
"Lyon was impressed and commented , `` It 's Jean Harlow all over again . ''"
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In October 1917 , the Bolshevik revolution struck Russia . A civil war began shortly after that . | [
"After the Bolshevik revolution in October 1917 , Russia quickly disintegrated into civil war ."
] | [
"He assumed office at a critical period , when the republic was all but openly attacked by General Boulanger ."
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Another time , eight people said that they saw a young woman being captured at a railway station at Siding 37 in September 1918 after trying to escape . | [
"In another incident , eight witnesses reported the recapture of a young woman after an apparent escape attempt in September 1918 at a railway station at Siding 37 , northwest of Perm ."
] | [
"At one point he lost his gun in a garden at Rose Hill , and was subsequently attacked by natives , leaving him wounded in several places ."
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One of the greatest mysteries of the 20th century was if Anastasia had survived or not . | [
"Anastasia 's supposed survival was one of the celebrated mysteries of the 20th century ."
] | [
"The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial , and rumors persisted that he had in fact died of torture ."
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In 1986 , NBC began a mini-series inspired by a book published in 1983 by Peter Kurth called Anastasia : The Riddle of Anna Anderson . | [
"In 1986 , NBC broadcast a mini-series loosely based on a book published in 1983 by Peter Kurth called Anastasia : The Riddle of Anna Anderson ."
] | [
"Neiderman is arguably best known as the author of The Devil 's Advocate , later adapted into a film of the same name , and the screenwriter who adapted Rain , based on a series of novels released under Andrews ' name ."
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Zamiatkin said that after the rest of the family had been killed , he escaped with the children on a ship . | [
"After the assassination of the rest of the royal family , Zamiatkin reportedly escaped with the children via ship , sailing from Odessa to Alexandria ."
] | [
"Baader , the masked gunman , and the three women then fled through a window ."
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Nagorny tried to come to her assistance ( help ) ; he was roughly pushed back by one of the commisars ... '' Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden , too , spoke of her last sad memory of Anastasia : `` Once , standing on some steps at the door of a house close by , I saw a hand and a pink-sleeved arm opening the topmost ( highes... | [
"Nagorny tried to come to her assistance ; he was roughly pushed back by one of the commisars ... '' Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden told of her sad last glimpse of Anastasia : `` Once , standing on some steps at the door of a house close by , I saw a hand and a pink-sleeved arm opening the topmost pane ."
] | [
"Although Ermakov 's archived statement does not say so , he told his wife that Anastasia was finished off with bayonets , while Yurovsky wrote that as the bodies were carried out , one or more of the girls cried out and were clubbed on the back of the head ."
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Anastasia 's family called Anastasia and her older sister Maria `` The Little Pair '' . | [
"Anastasia and her older sister Maria were known within the family as `` The Little Pair . ''"
] | [
"Olga 's friends and family generally called her simply Olga Nikolaevna or nicknamed her `` Olishka '' or `` Olya '' ."
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In 1981 , they had already been canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad as holy martyrs . | [
"The family had previously been canonized in 1981 by the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad as holy martyrs ."
] | [
"He is a Catholic saint , known also as Trojan and Troyen ; his feast day is November 30 ."
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Several women have claimed to have been Anastasia . The most famous was Anna Anderson . | [
"Several women have falsely claimed to have been Anastasia , the most notorious of whom was Anna Anderson ."
] | [
"According to Dr. Gill who conducted the tests , `` If you accept that these samples came from Anna Anderson , then Anna Anderson could not be related to Tsar Nicholas or Tsarina Alexandra . ''"
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But in 1910 , Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva told other people in the family that Rasputin was allowed to see the four girls when they were wearing their nightgowns . | [
"However , one of the girls ' governesses , Sofia Ivanovna Tyutcheva , was horrified in 1910 that Rasputin was permitted access to the nursery when the four girls were in their nightgowns and wanted him barred ."
] | [
"In a May 7 , 1918 letter from Tobolsk to her sister Maria in Yekaterinburg , Anastasia described a moment of joy despite her sadness and loneliness and worry for the sick Alexei : `` We played on the swing , that was when I roared with laughter , the fall was so wonderful !"
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Tyutcheva said the children did not talk about Rasputin with her and kept his visits a secret . | [
"Tyutcheva said the children had been taught not to discuss Rasputin with her and were careful to hide his visits from the nursery staff ."
] | [
"Helena Petrovna said she did not recognize the girl and the guard took her away ."
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Anastasia was 17 years and one month old when she was killed ; Maria was 19 years , one month old , and Alexei was just two weeks before his fourteenth birthday . | [
"Anastasia was seventeen years and one month old at the time of the assassination , while her sister Maria was nineteen years , one month old and her brother Alexei was two weeks shy of his fourteenth birthday ."
] | [
"He was once said to have lived to be 99 years old , but it is more likely that he died in his 90th or 91st year ."
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The bodies of the Tsar , Tsarina , and three daughters were found in a grave near Yekaterinburg in 1991 ; however , the bodies of Alexei Nikolaevich and one of his sisters ( either Anastasia or Maria ) were not there . | [
"The mass grave near Ekaterinburg which held the remains of the Tsar , his wife , and three daughters was revealed in 1991 , but the bodies of Alexei Nikolaevich and one of his sisters â '' either Anastasia or her older sister Maria â '' were not discovered there ."
] | [
"The film revolves around Anna Anderson , who believes that she is Anastasia Romanov , daughter of Nicholas II of Russia ."
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They had been killed by the Bolshevik secret police , commanded by Yurovsky . | [
"The execution was carried out by forces of the Bolshevik secret police under the command of Yurovsky ."
] | [
"Utkin also told the White Russian Army investigators that the injured girl , whom he treated at Cheka headquarters in Perm , told him , `` I am the daughter of the ruler , Anastasia . ''"
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Anastasia 's older sister , Maria , is said to have hemorrhaged in December 1914 during an operation to remove her tonsils . | [
"Anastasia 's older sister , Maria , reportedly hemorrhaged in December 1914 during an operation to remove her tonsils , according to her paternal aunt Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia , who was interviewed later in her life ."
] | [
"He had several operations and , in 2006 , was operated on for on a brain tumor ."
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After the scandal , Nicholas asked Rasputin to leave St. Petersburg for a time . Rasputin went on a pilgrimage to Palestine . | [
"After the scandal , Nicholas ordered Rasputin to leave St. Petersburg for a time , much to Alexandra 's displeasure , and Rasputin went on a pilgrimage to Palestine ."
] | [
"The gossip was fueled by ardent , yet by all accounts innocent , letters written to Rasputin by the Tsarina and the four grand duchesses which were released by Rasputin and which circulated throughout society ."
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All the parents and children has his or her own special DNA . | [
"The parents and all five children are now accounted for , and each has his or her own unique DNA profile ."
] | [
"These would sometimes be actual personal secrets similar to the other contestants ."
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In January 2008 , Russian scientists said that the remains of a young boy and woman found near Yekaterinburg in August 2007 might be the missing bodies . | [
"In January 2008 , Russian scientists announced that the charred remains of a young boy and a young woman found near Ekaterinburg in August 2007 were most likely those of the thirteen-year-old Tsarevich and one of the four Romanov grand duchesses ."
] | [
"She was an elder sister of the famous Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia , whose alleged escape from the assassination of the imperial family was rumored for nearly 90 years ."
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Then , as the bodies were taken away , two of the grand duchesses moved . | [
"Then , as the bodies were taken out of the cellar room , two of the grand duchesses showed signs of life ."
] | [
"At the time , he saw only three of them , and he believed them to be fixed stars near Jupiter ."
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They were buried with the names Anastasia and Maria Nikolaevna . | [
"They were buried under the names Anastasia and Maria Nikolaevna ."
] | [
"Olga 's friends and family generally called her simply Olga Nikolaevna or nicknamed her `` Olishka '' or `` Olya '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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They used metal detectors to find the bones . | [
"The bones were found using metal detectors and metal rods as probes ."
] | [
"They 've been known to dig up human corpses in India ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Others in Perm later said that they saw Anastasia , her mother and sisters in Perm after they were killed , but this was only a rumor . | [
"Although other witnesses in Perm later reported that they saw Anastasia , her mother Alexandra Fyodorovna and sisters in Perm after the murder , that story is now widely discredited as nothing more than a rumor ."
] | [
"Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna was told that Vishnyakova 's claim had been immediately investigated , but instead `` they caught the young woman in bed with a Cossack of the Imperial Guard . ''"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The remains of the Imperial Family were buried in 1998 . At that time , a body that measured about 5 feet , 7 inches ( 170 cm ) was buried as the body of Anastasia . | [
"In 1998 , when the remains of the Imperial Family were finally interred , a body measuring approximately 5 ' 7 '' was buried under the name of Anastasia ."
] | [
"He was once said to have lived to be 99 years old , but it is more likely that he died in his 90th or 91st year ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Her mother trusted Grigori Rasputin , a Russian peasant and wandering `` holy man '' . | [
"Her mother relied on the counsel of Grigori Rasputin , a Russian peasant and wandering starets or `` holy man , '' and credited his prayers with saving the ailing Tsarevich on numerous occasions ."
] | [
"Ivan and Alyosha are brothers ; Ivan questions the possibility of a personal , benevolent God and Alyosha is a novice monk ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The four girls sometimes signed letters with their nickname , OTMA . | [
"The four girls sometimes signed letters using the nickname , OTMA , which was derived from the first letters of their first names ."
] | [
"It was dedicated `` To my friend Ivor Atkins '' ."
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The Tsar cried `` What ? '' | [
"The Tsar had time to say only `` What ? ''"
] | [
", though sometimes they would say `` and this is I 've Got a Secret ! '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Anderson 's DNA matched with a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska , a missing Polish factory worker . | [
"Anderson 's mitochondrial DNA was a match with a great-nephew of Franziska Schanzkowska , a missing Polish factory worker ."
] | [
"As time goes by they begin to suspect that this `` Madame A. Anderson '' really is the missing Grand Duchess ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Rasputin 's friendship with the Imperial children can be seen in some of the messages he sent to them . | [
"Rasputin 's friendship with the Imperial children was evident in some of the messages he sent to them ."
] | [
"At school with his fellow students however , Sergei would join the military to serve the revolution , which would divide him from his father ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Christian Ziege ( born 1 February 1972 ) is a former German football player . | [
"Christian Ziege ( born February 1 , 1972 in Berlin ) is a former German football ( soccer ) defender and midfielder ."
] | [
"Manfred Kaltz ( born 6 January 1953 ) is a former German football player and manager ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Cominform is an organization set up in 1947 to coordinate the European Communist parties . | [
"The intended purpose of Cominform was to coordinate actions between Communist parties under Soviet direction ."
] | [
"Peaceful coexistence ( or , `` Peaceful co-existence - as a form of the continuation of the class struggle '' ) was a theory developed and applied by the Soviet Union at various points during the Cold War in the context of its ostensibly Marxistâ `` Leninist foreign policy and was adopted by Soviet-influenced `` C... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Gucci Mane has a large tattoo of an ice cream cone tattooed onto his face which he got after he was released from the hospital . | [
"After his release from hospital , Mane visited a tattoo parlor and had a large tattoo of an ice cream cone inked onto his face ."
] | [
"While Joacim was drinking with his girlfriend in a rock club he had been frequenting for over a decade , he was attacked by an unidentified person who hit him in the head with a beer glass and hastily escaped ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Radric Davis ( born February 2 , 1980 in Birmingham , Alabama ) , known by his stage name , Gucci Mane , is an American rapper . | [
"Radric Davis ( born February 2 , 1980 ) , better known by his stage name Gucci Mane , is an American rapper ."
] | [
"Michael Wayne Atha ( born December 30 , 1979 ) , better known by his stage name Yelawolf , is an American rapper ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Several of his symphonies are recorded ( the date 1973 in the Musicweb review of the Melodiya recording of symphony 3 is probably a typographical error , since the publisher 's listing also gives 1975 for the first performance of that work . ) | [
"( The date 1973 in the Musicweb review of the Melodiya recording of symphony 3 is probably a typographical error , since the publisher 's listing also gives 1975 for the first performance of that work . )"
] | [
"Ordering the complete list of Bach 's compositions by opus number or by publication date were both out of the question : Bach did n't use opus numbers , and few of his works were published in his lifetime ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Avet Terterian ( 1929 - 1994 ) was a leading Armenian composer , awarded by Konrad Adenauer prize . | [
"Avet Terterian ( also Alfred Roubenovich Terterian or Terteryan ) ( July 29 , 1929 in Baku , Azerbaijan â `` December 11 , 1994 in Yekaterinburg , Russia ) was an Armenian composer , awarded the Konrad Adenauer Prize ."
] | [
"Rafael Ishkhanyan or Ishkhanian ( , 1922 -- 1996 ) was an Armenian philologist and historian ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Paul Hermann MÃ 1\/4 ller ( January 12 , 1899 â `` October 12 , 1965 ) was an Swiss chemist . | [
"Paul Hermann MÃ 1\\/4 ller also known as Pauly Mueller ( January 12 , 1899 -- October 12 , 1965 ) was a Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate ."
] | [
"Heinrich Brà 1\\/4 ning ( 26 November 1885 -- 30 March 1970 ) was a German politician during the Weimar Republic ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1948 for his discoveries discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of DDT in the control of vector diseases . | [
"In 1948 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his 1939 discovery of insecticidal qualities and use of DDT in the control of vector diseases such as malaria and yellow fever ."
] | [
"Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin that Ernst Boris Chain had previously surmised , and then the structure of vitamin B12 , for which she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Lamiaceae or Labiatae , also known as the mint family , is a family of plants comprising about 210 genera and some 3,500 species . | [
"Lamiaceae or Labiatae , also known as the mint family , is a family of flowering plants ."
] | [
"Cirsium is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae , one of several genera known commonly as thistles ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It has been considered closely related to Verbenaceae but several recent phylogenetic studies have shown that a lot of the genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae , whereas the core genera of Verbenaceae are not closely related to Lamiaceae and are more closely related to other members of the Lamia... | [
"It had traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae , but in the 1990s , phylogenetic studies showed that many genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae ."
] | [
"Both American and Asiatic species are considered sister taxa , and are more closely related to each other than other species of bear ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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After name was `` Japanese forced occupation '' ( Hangeul : ì 1\/4 ì ê ì ê ; Ilje gangjeomgi , Hanja : æ -- å å 1\/4 å æ ) . | [
"Other terms include `` Japanese forced occupation '' ( Hangeul : ; Ilje gangjeomgi , Hanja : æ -- å å 1\\/4 å æ ) or `` Wae ( Japanese ) administration '' ( Hangeul : , Wae jeong , Hanja : ) ."
] | [
"Jumong is often said to be the Korean transcription of the hanja as æ è ' ( Jumong , ì # 1\\/4 ë 1\\/2 ) , é ' ç ( Chumo , ì '' ë ) , or ä '' ç ( Jungmo , ì ` ë ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Korea under Japanese rule or Japanese ruled in Korea was Korean was Colony of Japan 's 35-year imperialist expansion 22 August 1910 to 15 August 1945 . | [
"Korea was under Japanese rule as part of Japan 's 35-year imperialist expansion ( 22 August 1910 to 15 August 1945 ) ."
] | [
"That lasted until the abolition of the han system took place in 1871 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The album stayed on the Billboard Hot Country Albums chart for 108 weeks peaking at # 2 and peaked # 11 on the Billboard 200 . | [
"It peaked at number two in the Billboard Hot Country Albums chart , and spent 108 weeks on the chart . It also reached number 11 on the Billboard 200 ."
] | [
"Damnation was released on April 14 , 2003 , and garnered the band its first appearance on the US Billboard 200 at number 192 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This category is for the television series based in the Star Trek universe . | [
"This category contains articles on the various Star Trek television series ."
] | [
"Categorization for articles on characters of the television series The Simpsons ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Assesse is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur . | [
"Assesse is a Belgian municipality located in the Walloon province of Namur ."
] | [
"Gesves is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Namur ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Arcis-sur-Aube is a commune of the Aube dà partement in the north-central part of France . | [
"Arcis-sur-Aube is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
] | [
"Brienne-le-Ch à cents teau is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Geography:",
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The Second Balkan War was fought by Greece , Serbia , the Ottoman Empire and Romania against Bulgaria . | [
"The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913 when Bulgaria attacked its erstwhile allies in the First Balkan War , Serbia and Greece , while Montenegro , Romania and the Ottoman Empire intervened later against Bulgaria ."
] | [
"The Italian campaign refers to a series of battles fought between the armies of Austria-Hungary and Italy , along with their allies , in northern Italy between 1915 and 1918 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The First Balkan War was fought by Greece , Serbia , Montenegro and Bulgaria ( the Balkan League ) against the Ottoman Empire . | [
"Though the Balkan allies had fought together against the common enemy , that was not enough to overcome their mutual rivalries . The Second Balkan War broke out on 16 June 1913 when Bulgaria attacked its erstwhile allies in the First Balkan War , Serbia and Greece , while Montenegro , Romania and the Ottoman Empir... | [
"The Entente cordiale , along with the Anglo-Russian Entente and the Franco-Russian Alliance , later became part of the Triple Entente among the UK , France , and Russia ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Balkan Wars were a series of wars fought in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 ( First Balkan War ) and 1913 ( Second Balkan War ) . | [
"The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913 ."
] | [
"The motorized formations received much attention in the world press in the opening years of the war , and were cited as the reason for the success of the German invasions of Poland ( September 1939 ) , Norway and Denmark ( April 1940 ) , Belgium , France and Netherlands ( May 1940 ) , Yugoslavia ( April 1941 ) and... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Ottoman Empire and Romania declared war on Bulgaria , because they wanted to gain Bulgarian territories , and by the end of the Second Balkan War Bulgaria had lost almost all its gains from the First Balkan War . | [
"Their armies repulsed the Bulgarian offensive and counter-attacked penetrating into Bulgaria , while Romania and the Ottoman Empire took the opportunity to intervene against Bulgaria and make territorial gains . In the resulting Treaty of Bucharest , Bulgaria lost most of the territories it had gained in the First... | [
"After the end of World War I , the Central Powers ' surrender to the Western Allies , the chaos of the Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Versailles finally allowed and helped the restoration of Poland 's full independence after 123 years ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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MÃ cents checourt is a commune . | [
"MÃ cents checourt is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Thà odore Chassà riau , a French painter , was born in El Limà n in 1819 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Many different virarities of popularity exist , and many ways in which to gain it . | [
"Many different variations of popularity exist , and many ways in which to gain it ."
] | [
"However , it has come over time to have a much more significant meaning to the player and fans ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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This inverse nature of interpersonal popularity is often overlooked by people ( particularly the young ) who are attempting to become popular : being loud may be successful in gaining attention , but is unlikely to provide mutual respect . | [
"This reciprocal nature of interpersonal popularity is often overlooked by people ( particularly the young ) who are attempting to become popular : being loud may be successful in gaining attention , but is unlikely to provide mutual respect ."
] | [
"Lust exposes people to others ; romantic attraction encourages people to focus their energy on mating ; and attachment involves tolerating the spouse ( or indeed the child ) long enough to rear a child into infancy ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Likewise , amicability is an important part of popularity , as a person who does not like others is unlikely to be liked by others . | [
"Likewise , amicability is an important component of popularity , as a person who does not like others is unlikely to be liked by others ."
] | [
"Harriot believes that the only important characteristic of a lover is his merit , which , to her , is his ability to become financially successful ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Social dynamics:",
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General popularity usually involves respect in two ways : a popular person is respected by groups of people and will take that respect , thus reinforces relief of deserving the popularity . | [
"General popularity usually involves respect in two directions : a popular person is respected by peers and will reciprocate that respect , thus reinforcing the belief of deserving the popularity ."
] | [
"They commonly included such types as something which happened to a person , owning something , or an occupation , hobby , achievement or skill ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Popularity figures are an important part of many people 's personal value systems , and forms a critical part of success in fields such as Management , politics , Entertainment Industry among others . | [
"Popularity figures are an important part of many people 's personal value systems and form a vital component of success in people-oriented fields such as management , politics , and entertainment , among others ."
] | [
"Initially used in professional sports , the term is now also commonly used in amateur sports , as well as in other completely unrelated fields of endeavor such as business and music awards ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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Popularity is the act of being well-liked or common . | [
"Popularity is the quality of being well-liked or common , or having a high social status ."
] | [
"Aliteracy ( sometimes spelled alliteracy ) is the state of being able to read but being uninterested in doing so ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Circadian rhythm sleep disorders occur when the circadian rhythm is disrupted or is not functioning properly . They usually affect other bodily functions as well , and not just sleep . | [
"Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are a family of sleep disorders affecting , among other things , the timing of sleep ."
] | [
"Sleepwalking in adults is less common , but when it does occur , the events occur three times more often per year and last for more years than in children . Sleepwalking in old age is rare and usually indicates another disorder ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description about Sleepwalking:"
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Many people have problems with their sleep , appetite , alertness etc. when they work a shift during the times when their circadian rhythms indicate that they should be asleep . | [
"Humans , like most animals and plants , have biological rhythms , known as circadian rhythms , which are controlled by a biological clock and work on a daily time scale . These affect body temperature , alertness , appetite , hormone secretion etc. as well as sleep timing ."
] | [
"Normally , this happens twice a dayâ '' once in the morning and once in the evening , the times during when the most people commute ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Alto Paraà so de Goiàs ( usually just Alto Paraà so ) is a small town and a municipality in Goiàs state , Brazil . | [
"Alto Paraà so de Goiàs ( usually referred to as Alto Paraà so ) is a small town and a municipality in northeastern Goiàs state , Brazil ."
] | [
"Cascavel is a city and municipality in western Paranà state , Brazil ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Wolfgang Schà 1\/4 ssel ( born June 7 , 1945 , in Vienna ) was the Chancellor of Austria from February 4 2000 until January 11 2007 . | [
"Wolfgang Schà 1\\/4 ssel ( ; born 7 June 1945 ) is an Austrian People 's Party politician . He was Chancellor of Austria from February 2000 to January 2007 ."
] | [
"Paul Hermann MÃ 1\\/4 ller also known as Pauly Mueller ( January 12 , 1899 -- October 12 , 1965 ) was a Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington , D.C. area . | [
"The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team and members of the East Division of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) in the National Football League ( NFL ) ."
] | [
"The Charlotte Bobcats is a professional basketball team based in Charlotte , North Carolina ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The team plays at FedExField in Landover , Maryland . The team 's head office and training area are at Redskin Park in Ashburn , Virginia . | [
"The team plays at FedExField in Landover , Maryland , while its headquarters and training facility are at Redskin Park in Ashburn , Virginia ."
] | [
"The team relocated from the Astrodome in Houston , Texas to the state of Tennessee in 1997 . While waiting for a permanent stadium to be built in Nashville , the team played temporarily at Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium in Memphis for one season before moving to Nashville in 1998 and playing in Vanderbilt Stadium .... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The result of this is called Pareto efficiency , named after Vilfredo Pareto , who first used it in his studies . | [
"Pareto efficiency , or Pareto optimality , is a concept in economics with applications in engineering and social sciences . The term is named after Vilfredo Pareto , an Italian economist who used the concept in his studies of economic efficiency and income distribution ."
] | [
"Many of those whom subsequent centuries term evolutionary biologists read him , notably Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace , for each of whom Malthusianism became an intellectual stepping-stone to the idea of natural selection ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Captain James Cook , FRS ( 27 October 1728 ( O.S. ) â `` 14 February 1779 ) was an English explorer , navigator and cartographer . | [
"Captain James Cook FRS RN ( 7 November 1728 â `` 14 February 1779 ) was a British explorer , navigator and cartographer , ultimately rising to the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy ."
] | [
"Philip Carteret , Seigneur of Trinity ( January 22 , 1733 , Trinity Manor , Jersey â `` July 21 , 1796 , Southampton ) was a British naval officer and explorer who participated in two of the Royal Navy 's circumnavigation expeditions in 1764-66 and 1766-69 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
"neg": "Represent the description:"
} |
Focus on the Family ( FOTF , or FotF ) is an American evangelical group . The non-profit organization was founded in 1977 by James Dobson , and is based in Colorado Springs , Colorado . | [
"Focus on the Family ( FOTF , or FotF ) is an American evangelical Christian tax-exempt non-profit organization founded in 1977 by psychologist James Dobson , and is based in Colorado Springs , Colorado ."
] | [
"Dennis James Kennedy ( November 3 , 1930 - September 5 , 2007 ) , better known as D. James Kennedy , was an American Christian broadcaster , church pastor , and founder of the Coral Ridge Presbyterian Church in Fort Lauderdale , Florida , where he was senior pastor from 1960 until his death in 2007 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
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"neg": "Represent the text:"
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The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC ) is a university in Chapel Hill , North Carolina . | [
"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( also known as UNC , UNC-Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university located in Chapel Hill , North Carolina , United States ."
] | [
"The University of Texas at San Antonio ( also referred to as UTSA ) is a state university located in San Antonio , Texas , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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Sirnach is a municipality of the district of MÃ 1\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland . | [
"Sirnach is a municipality in the district of MÃ 1\\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | [
"Bettwiesen is a municipality in the district of MÃ 1\\/4 nchwilen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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"neg": "Represent the sentence about Geography:"
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Theodoros Zagorakis ( born 27 October 1971 ) is a former Greek football player . | [
"Theodoros Zagorakis ( , born October 27 , 1971 in Lydà a ( a village near the city of Kavala ) , is a retired Greek footballer ."
] | [
"Alessandro Costacurta ( born 24 April 1966 ) is an Italian former professional football defender turned manager ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text about Sports:",
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JiÅ Ã JaroÅ Ã k ( born 27 October 1977 ) is a Czech football player . He has played for Czech Republic national team . | [
"JiÅ Ã JaroÅ Ã k ( born 27 October 1977 ) is a Czech footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Zaragoza and the Czech national team ."
] | [
"Marc-Vivien Foà ( 1 May 1975 â `` 26 June 2003 ) was a Cameroonian international footballer , who played in midfield for both club and country ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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"neg": "Represent the Wikipedia description:"
} |
The Psycho-Social , Chemical , Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness is the debut studio album by American hip hop group , Jedi Mind Tricks . | [
"The Psycho-Social , Chemical , Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness ( often abbreviated as The Psycho-Social CD ) is the debut album of underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks ."
] | [
"Chapter V : Unbent , Unbowed , Unbroken is the fifth studio album release by Swedish metal band HammerFall ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The producer of the album was Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind . | [
"The group consists of Ikon the Verbal Hologram ( now known as Vinnie Paz ) and producer Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind ."
] | [
"A departure from her previous work with Rodney Jerkins and his Darkchild camp , Brandy worked with Timbaland and his protà gà Walter Millsap III on the majority of the production of the album , featuring additional credits by Warryn Campbell , Organized Noise , Theron Feemster , Big Chuck , and Kanye West ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence:",
"pos": "Represent the description:",
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Eugene Curran Kelly ( August 23 , 1912 â `` February 2 , 1996 ) , better known as Gene Kelly , was an American dancer , actor , singer , director , producer , and choreographer . | [
"Eugene Curran `` Gene '' Kelly ( August 23 , 1912-February 2 , 1996 ) was an American dancer , actor , singer , film director and producer , and choreographer ."
] | [
"Peter Aurness ( March 18 , 1926 â `` March 14 , 2010 ) , known professionally as Peter Graves , was an American film and television actor ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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