query stringlengths 12 2.51k | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|
There were many minor communes in the region between southern Liguria and northern Tuscany ( which was filled by the Malaspina ) . Tuscany in this time was part of feudal Europe . | [
"There were many minor provinces in the region between southern Liguria and northern Tuscany dominated by the Malaspina ; Tuscany in this time was a part of feudal Europe ."
] | [
"Zaragoza was also very powerful and expansive , but inhibited by the neighbor Christian states of the Pyrenees ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text:",
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In 1273 and again in 1277 , Lucca was ruled by a Guelph ( captain of the people ) named Luchetto Gattilusio . | [
"In 1273 and again in 1277 Lucca was ruled by a Guelph capitano del popolo ( captain of the people ) named Luchetto Gattilusio ."
] | [
"After several struggles with the Orsini of Pitigliano and Orvieto , in the following centuries Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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After they won , Castracani was named `` Duke of Lucca '' by Louis IV the Bavarian . | [
"For this he was nominated by Louis IV the Bavarian to become duke of Lucca . Castracani 's tomb is in the church of San Francesco ."
] | [
"The match having come to nothing , leading her mother to name her daughter the coadjutrice of Remiremont Abbey on 19 October 1734 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1325 , in the battle of Altopascio , Lucca soldiers defeated Florence 's Guelphs with the help of Castracani , a leader of the city in time of war . | [
"On 22 and 23 September 1325 , in the battle of Altopascio , Castracani defeated Florence 's Guelphs ."
] | [
"In 1367 the League of God 's House ( Cadi , Gottes Haus , Ca ' di Dio ) was founded to resist the rising power of the Bishop of Chur ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description about History:",
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Nogentel is a commune . It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France . | [
"Nogentel is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France ."
] | [
"Bucy-le-Long is a commune in the department of Aisne in Picardy in northern France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Geography:",
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`` A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld '' is a mix of a song by the ambient house group The Orb . | [
"`` A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules from the Centre of the Ultraworld '' is a single by the ambient house group The Orb ."
] | [
"The single includes the songs `` Help Is Round the Corner '' and `` No More Keeping My Feet on the Ground '' , the third taken from the band 's first EP , Safety ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Before the song was sold by record company Big Life , The Orb changed the name to `` A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld '' . | [
"For its release as a single on record label Big Life , The Orb changed the title to `` A Huge Ever Growing Pulsating Brain That Rules From the Centre of the Ultraworld '' ."
] | [
"Promo singles were released for `` The Man Who Sold the World '' , `` Polly '' , `` Lake of Fire '' , and `` Where Did You Sleep Last Night '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The best of their musical work came when The Orb recorded music for John Peel on BBC Radio 1 . | [
"The culmination of their musical work came when The Orb recorded a session for John Peel on BBC Radio 1 ."
] | [
"Radio 1 's Live Lounge is a collection of live tracks played on Jo Whiley 's Radio 1 show ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The name is taken from a sound effects track from Blake 's 7 on BBC Sound Effects No. 26 - Sci-Fi Sound Effects called `` The Core , A Huge Evergrowing Pulsating Brain which Rules from the Centre of Ultraworld '' . | [
"The title is taken from a sound effects track from Blake 's 7 on BBC Sound Effects No. 26 - Sci-Fi Sound Effects titled `` The Core , A Huge Evergrowing Pulsating Brain which Rules from the Centre of Ultraworld '' ."
] | [
"The album contains the singles `` Allow Me To Introduce Myself ... Mr. Right '' and `` Candle ( Sick and Tired ) '' ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The song , then known as `` Loving You '' , was made quickly with many sound effects and samples from science fiction radio plays , nature sounds , and Minnie Riperton 's `` Lovin ' You '' . | [
"The track , then known as `` Loving You '' , was largely improvisational and featured a wealth of sound effects and samples from science fiction radio plays , nature sounds , and Minnie Riperton 's `` Lovin ' You '' ."
] | [
"The middle bridge , featuring brass instruments , electric guitar and vocals , reprises the beginning of `` You Never Give Me Your Money '' , but with different lyrics ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Orbs version of the song was 19 minutes long and became number 78 on the UK Singles Chart . | [
"Despite its full running time of 19 minutes , the sample-laden single reached # 78 on the UK singles chart ."
] | [
"The new album Tired of Hanging Around was released on 17 April 2006 and reached # 2 in the UK album charts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1989 , The Orb , with Martin `` Youth '' Glover , developed the musical style of ambient house using samples . | [
"Throughout 1989 , The Orb , along with Martin `` Youth '' Glover , developed the musical genre of ambient house through use of a diverse array of samples and recordings ."
] | [
"Summer would become the first well-known and most popular disco artist , giving her the title ` The Queen of Disco ' , and also played a part in pioneering the electronic sound that later became a part of disco ( see below ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In April 1991 , it was sold as part of the album The Orb 's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld . | [
"In April 1991 , it was released on the debut album The Orb 's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld ."
] | [
"It was their first album released in the United States , preceding the US version of The Clash ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The Orbs version was first sold in October 1989 and was in the UK Singles Chart in 1990 , at number 78 . . | [
"It was originally released in October 1989 and made the UK Singles Chart in 1990 , peaking at # 78 ."
] | [
"The new album Tired of Hanging Around was released on 17 April 2006 and reached # 2 in the UK album charts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Thà odore Chassà riau , a French painter , was born in El Limà n on 1819 . | [
"Thà odore Chassà riau , a French painter , was born in El Limà n in 1819 ."
] | [
"Justina Kristina Casagli , nà e Wà sselius , ( Stockholm , Sweden 4 October 1794-Parma , Italy 1841 ) , was a Swedish opera singer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area . | [
"Plymouth is the largest municipality in Massachusetts by area ."
] | [
"Blacksburg is the largest town in Virginia by population ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Mirepoix derives its name , as many other elements of French cuisine do , from the patron of the chef who established it , in this case one of the house of Là vis , seigneurs of Mirepoix since the eleventh century and a famous name in Languedoc . The particular member of the house of Là vis whose chef is credited by the Dictionnaire de l'Acad à mie franà aise with giving a name to an old technique is Charles-Pierre-Gaston Franà ois de Là vis , duc de Là vis-Mirepoix ( 1699-1757 ) , marà chal de France and ambassador of Louis XV . | [
"Though the cooking technique is probably older , the term mirepoix dates from the eighteenth century and derives , as do many other appellations in French cuisine , from the aristocratic employer of the cook credited with establishing and stabilizing it : in this case , Charles-Pierre-Gaston Franà ois de Là vis , ... | [
"It is during the summer of 1772 , a few months after his wife had given birth to a stillborn daughter , that began Philippe 's secret liaison with one of her ladies-in-waiting , Stà phanie Fà licità Ducrest de St-Albin , comtesse de Genlis , the niece of Madame de Montesson , the morganatic wife of Philippe 's fat... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Cooking:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Cooking:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Historical fiction:"
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Similar such combinations , both in and out of the French culinary repertoire , sometimes include leeks , parsnips , garlic , tomatoes , shallots , mushrooms , bell peppers , chilies , and ginger . | [
"Similar combinations , both in and out of the French culinary repertoire , may include leeks , parsnips , garlic , tomatoes , shallots , mushrooms , bell peppers , chilies , and ginger , according to the requirements of the regional cuisine or the instructions of the particular chef or recipe ."
] | [
"Biennials that are grown for edible leaves or roots are grown as annuals , e.g. beets , Brussels sprouts , cabbage , carrots , celery , lettuce , parsley , and Swiss chard ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Mirepoix consists of onions , carrots and celery ( either common Pascal celery or celeriac ) . | [
"In French cuisine , a Mirepoix is a combination of onions , carrots , and celery ( either common pascal celery or celeriac ) ."
] | [
"However , different recipes , even in the Bolognese tradition , make use of chopped pork or pork sausage , white chicken , rabbit , or goose liver may be added along with the beef or veal for special occasions , and today many use both butter and olive oil for cooking the soffritto of small amounts of celery , car... | SimpleWiki | {
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Mirepoix is used in many dishes , such as stocks , soups , stews and sauces . It is used either raw , roasted or sautà ed with butter . | [
"Mirepoix , either raw , roasted or sautà ed with butter , is the flavor base for a wide number of dishes , such as stocks , soups , stews and sauces ."
] | [
"Lentil soup , which is usually served hot , may be vegetarian , but can also be made with meat stock or pieces of meat ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In Cajun cuisine , a mirepoix or trinity is a combination of onions , celery and bell peppers . | [
"In Cajun cuisine , a mirepoix or ( jocularly so-called ) `` holy trinity '' is a combination of onions , celery and bell peppers ."
] | [
"Red or green lentils may be used . Other ingredients may include vegetables such as carrots , potatoes , celery , parsley , and onion ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Traditionally , the ratio for mirepoix is 2:1:1 of onions , celery , and carrots . The ratio for bones to mirepoix for stock is 10:1 . | [
"Traditionally , the weight ratio for mirepoix is 2:1:1 of onions , celery , and carrots ; the ratio for bones to mirepoix for stock is 10:1 ."
] | [
"The spiciest of all the variants , Cajun andouille is made of butt or shank meat and fat , seasoned with salt , cracked black pepper , and garlic , and smoked over pecan wood and sugar cane for up to seven or eight hours at approximately 175 Â F ( 80 Â C ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the text:",
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For the combination mirepoix au gras , or a Matignon , ham or pork belly are used as additional ingredients . | [
"A mirepoix au gras contains diced ham or pork belly as an additional ingredient ."
] | [
"However , different recipes , even in the Bolognese tradition , make use of chopped pork or pork sausage , white chicken , rabbit , or goose liver may be added along with the beef or veal for special occasions , and today many use both butter and olive oil for cooking the soffritto of small amounts of celery , car... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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So one might speak of the Eocene fauna as being different from the Miocene fauna . Or , say , the fauna of a particular habitat . | [
"Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place , e.g. the `` Sonoran Desert fauna '' or the `` Burgess shale fauna '' ."
] | [
"The Late Jurassic of North America , however , is the exact opposite of the Middle Jurassic ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The area is thought to have got its name from the Old Norse word `` Krkor '' which means a corner of land . . | [
"The suburb is said to derive its name from the Old Norse `` Krkor '' which means a nook or corner of land ."
] | [
"The place name La Hoguette is believed to derive from the Old Norse word Haugr meaning a knoll or a hill ."
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Crookes is an area of the City of Sheffield , England , about 2.5 kilometers ( 1.5 miles ) west of the center of the city . | [
"Crookes is a suburb of the City of Sheffield , England , about 2.5 km ( 1.5 miles ) west of the city center ."
] | [
"Burgess Hill is situated in the Sussex Weald , 10 miles ( 16 km ) north of Brighton , and about 4.5 miles ( 7.5 km ) south of Haywards Heath ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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On November 24 1831 , Sarah married Andrew Jackson , Jr. . He was the adopted son of president Andrew Jackson . | [
"Sarah married Andrew Jackson , Jr. , the adopted son of Andrew Jackson , in Philadelphia on November 24 , 1831 ."
] | [
"Daisy Kennedy , was born in Washington , D.C. on January 4 , 1879 , and was the daughter of a former American slave ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Her fatherâ s name was Peter Yorke . Her father had worked as a sea captain , and then became a merchant . | [
"Her father Peter Yorke , a sea captain and successful merchant , died in 1815 ."
] | [
"Her father , John Stewart , is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Sarah Yorke Jackson ( July 1805 ? - August 23 , 1887 ) was the daughter in law of US President Andrew Jackson . | [
"Sarah Yorke Jackson ( July 16 , 1803 -- August 23 , 1887 ) was the daughter-in-law of U.S. President Andrew Jackson ."
] | [
"Lucretia Rudolph-Garfield ( April 19 , 1832 -- March 14 , 1918 ) , wife of James A. Garfield , was First Lady of the United States in 1881 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Her two aunts raised all the three children . | [
"She was raised by two aunts ."
] | [
"Six of his brothers and sisters died while young and in 1741 , his father died ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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While going to New Orleans , her mother died in 1820 . Sarah had two other sisters . | [
"Her mother Mary Haines Yorke died during a trip to New Orleans in 1820 leaving Sarah and her two sisters orphaned ."
] | [
"The fourth and youngest of the boys , Peter Nice , went to live with a first cousin of their father in Birmingham , Alabama as an infant ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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She acted as the First Lady of the United States from November 26 , 1834 to March 4 , 1837 . | [
"She served as White House hostess and unofficial First Lady of the United States from November 26 , 1834 to March 4 , 1837 ."
] | [
"In 1832 , Pierce was elected as a Democrat to the 23rd and 24th Congresses ( March 4 , 1833 -- March 4 , 1837 ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The couple lived in the family plantation farm in Tennessee . There in 1834 , a fire destroyed the main house . | [
"The couple remained at the Hermitage managing the plantation until a fire destroyed much of the main house in 1834 ."
] | [
"The  # 150 proceeds from the first house financed the building of the next two houses on the same plot of land , one of which was kept by the Laing Family to live in ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 2003 , it brought Portugal 's first UEFA Cup and in 1987 it brought Portugal 's first UEFA Supercup . | [
"In 1987 , FC Porto also gained the UEFA Supercup ( another first for Portugal ) and , in 2004 , it brought Portugal 's first UEFA Champions League trophy ."
] | [
"Jagiellonia BiaÅ ystok won the Polish Cup in 2010 , Super Cup and qualified to play in the third round qualification of the UEFA Europa League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Domestically they hold the best record of five titles in a row , having won the Portuguese Liga 24 times , the Portuguese Cup 17 times and Portuguese Supercup 19 times and 1 Liga intercalar of Portugal ( 61 national titles ) , and also : | [
"Domestically they hold the best record of five titles in a row , having won the Portuguese Liga 24 times . Other titles won by the club include the Portuguese Cup 15 times and Portuguese Supercup 17 times ( 51 national titles ) ."
] | [
"French teams are third , having won 53 Grands Prix between three teams ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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The host city , Sochi , Russia , was chosen on July 4 , 2007 , during the 119th International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) meeting in Guatemala City , Guatemala . | [
"The city was elected on July 4 , 2007 , during the 119th International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) Session in Guatemala City , Guatemala ."
] | [
"Johnson was present at the closing ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as London 's representative to receive the Olympic flag from Guo Jinlong , the Mayor of Beijing in order to announce formally London as Olympic host city ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia text about Sports:",
"pos": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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This will be Russia 's first time hosting the Winter Olympics ( the Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow though ) . | [
"This will be the first time that the Russian Federation will host the Winter Olympics ; the Soviet Union hosted the 1980 Summer Games in Moscow ."
] | [
"Korea , Liechtenstein , and Turkey returned after having missed the 1952 Winter Olympics , while Argentina , Denmark , New Zealand , and Portugal did not compete at these Games , after having participated in the previous edition ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games , is an international winter sports event that will be celebrated from February 7 to February 23 , 2014 . | [
"The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXII Olympic Winter Games , will be the next Winter Olympics celebrated from February 7 to February 23 , 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia ."
] | [
"The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia between 15 March and 26 March 2006 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence about Sports:",
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Simiane-Collongue is a commune of 5,570 people ( 2005 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in the south of France . | [
"Simiane-Collongue is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in southern France ."
] | [
"Allauch ( Alaug in Occitan ; ) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rh à ne in the Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Itch ( Latin : pruritus ) is an unpleasant sensation that leads to the desire or reflex to scratch . | [
"Itch ( Latin : pruritus ) is an unpleasant sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch ."
] | [
"Active anaphylaxis is what is naturally observed . Two weeks or so after an animal , including humans , is exposed to certain allergens , active anaphylaxis ( which is simply called `` anaphylaxis '' ) would be elicited upon exposure to the same allergens ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Pain creates a reflex withdrawal while itch leads to a scratch reflex . | [
"Pain creates a withdrawal reflex while itch leads to a scratch reflex ."
] | [
"Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Itch has many similarities to pain and both are unpleasant sensory experiences but their behavioral response patterns are different . | [
"Modern science has shown that itch has many similarities to pain , and while both are unpleasant sensory experiences , their behavioral response patterns are different ."
] | [
"Modern medicine , both conventional and complementary , recognizes that the different rheumatic disorders have different causes ( and several of them have multiple causes ) and require different kinds of treatment ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits ( anatomical or molecular characteristics ) , and the distribution of organisms ( biogeography ) . | [
"Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits ( e.g. , anatomical or molecular characteristics ) and the distribution of organisms ( biogeography ) ."
] | [
"In many ways , the evolution of the brown algae parallels that of the green algae and red algae , as all three groups possess complex multicellular species with an alternation of generations . Analysis of 5S rRNA sequences reveals much smaller evolutionary distances among genera of the brown algae than among gener... | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Systematics is used to help us understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth . | [
"Systematics , in other words , is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth ."
] | [
"In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Systematics is the study of the diversification of life on the planet Earth , both past and present , and the relationships among living things through time . | [
"Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of life on the planet Earth , both past and present , and the relationships among living things through time ."
] | [
"In some cases this is due to the dearth of fossils , in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia sentence:",
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Systematics is the field which ( a ) provides scientific names for organisms , ( b ) describes them , ( c ) preserves collections of them , ( d ) provides classifications for the organisms , keys for their identification , and data on their distributions , ( e ) investigates their evolutionary histories , and ( f ) considers their environmental adaptations . | [
"Systematic biology ( hereafter called simply systematics ) is the field that ( a ) provides scientific names for organisms , ( b ) describes them , ( c ) preserves collections of them , ( d ) provides classifications for the organisms , keys for their identification , and data on their distributions , ( e ) invest... | [
"Karyotypes can be used for many purposes ; such as , to study chromosomal aberrations , cellular function , taxonomic relationships , and to gather information about past evolutionary events ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Relationships are usually seen as evolutionary trees ( cladograms , phylogenetic trees , phylogenies ) . | [
"Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees ( synonyms : cladograms , phylogenetic trees , phylogenies ) ."
] | [
"In 1898 he used the similarity in embryos to describe phylogenetic relationships ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the description:",
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Catherine Hardwicke ( born Helen Catherine Hardwicke ) is an American production designer and film director . | [
"Catherine Hardwicke ( born Helen Catherine Hardwicke ; ) is an American production designer and film director ."
] | [
"Mark Boal ( born 1973 ) is an American journalist , screenwriter and film producer ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the Wikipedia description:",
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Lisbourg is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Lisbourg is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Samer is a commune and in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
"query": "Represent the sentence about Geography:",
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Wayland is a city of Kentucky in the United States . | [
"Wayland is a city in Floyd County , Kentucky , United States ."
] | [
"Meadowview Estates is a city in Jefferson County , Kentucky in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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A cubic foot is a measure of volume . | [
"It is defined as the volume of a cube with sides of one foot ( 0.3048 m ) in length . A standard cubic foot ( abbreviated scf ) is a measure of quantity of gas , sometimes but not always defined as a cubic foot of volume at 60 degrees Fahrenheit and 14.7 pounds per square inch ( PSI ) of pressure ."
] | [
"Inches of mercury , ( inHg ) is a unit of measurement for pressure ."
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This is usually translated to On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia . | [
"It is variously rendered On the Best State of a Republic and on the New Island of Utopia , Concerning the Highest State of the Republic and the New Island Utopia , On the Best State of a Commonwealth and on the New Island of Utopia , Concerning the Best Condition of the Commonwealth and the New Island of Utopia , ... | [
"The central theme was titled Young Women Plucking the Fruits of Knowledge or Science ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Its original title is De Optimo Republicae Statu deque Nova Insula Utopia . | [
"The title De optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia literally translates , `` Of a republic 's best state and of the new island Utopia '' ."
] | [
"He named it simply Saturni Luna ( or Luna Saturni , Latin for `` Saturn 's moon '' ) , publishing in the 1655 tract De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The locomotives were built at the BR Works in Darlington and Doncaster over the period 1953-62 . | [
"The locomotives were built at the BR Works in Darlington and Doncaster over the period 1953 â `` 1962 ."
] | [
"Sixteen Class 121 single-car driving motor vehicles were built from 1960 , numbered 55020 â `` 55035 ."
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The British Rail Class 10 diesel locomotive was a variation on the Class 08 diesel-electric shunter . A Blackstone diesel engine was fitted instead of one made by the English Electric company . | [
"The British Rail Class 10 diesel locomotive was a variation on the Class 08 diesel-electric shunter in which a Blackstone diesel engine was fitted instead of one made by the English Electric company ."
] | [
"It shares the same bodyshell and core structure as the Turbostar , which is in turn the most common post-privatisation diesel multiple unit ( DMU ) family , and both evolved from the Class 168 Clubman design by ADtranz ."
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The Roche limit , sometimes referred to as the Roche radius , is the distance within which a celestial body , held together only by its own gravity , will disintegrate due to a second celestial body 's tidal forces exceeding the first body 's gravitational self-attraction . Inside the Roche limit , orbiting material will tend to disperse and form rings , while outside the limit , material will tend to coalesce . | [
"Since tidal forces overwhelm gravity within the Roche limit , no large satellite can coalesce out of smaller particles within that limit ."
] | [
"These include the fission of the Moon from the Earth 's crust through centrifugal forces , which would require too great an initial spin of the Earth , the gravitational capture of a pre-formed Moon , which would require an unfeasibly extended atmosphere of the Earth to dissipate the energy of the passing Moon , a... | SimpleWiki | {
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Venetia Burney ( 1918-2009 ) is known for suggesting name the Pluto for newly discovered celestial body in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh . At that time , Venetia Burney was an 11 year old schoolgirl living in Oxford , England . | [
"Venetia Phair , nà e Burney ( 11 July 1918 â '' 30 April 2009 ) was the first person to suggest the name Pluto for the object discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930 ."
] | [
"Margaret Spellings , born Margaret Dudar on November 30 , 1957 in Michigan , moved with her family to Houston when she was in the third grade ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was built by John Sheffield , 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 . | [
"The house which forms the architectural core of the present palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde ."
] | [
"In 1749 Grenville married Elizabeth Wyndham ( before 1731-5 December 1769 ) , daughter of Sir William Wyndham , and the grand-daughter of the Duke of Somerset ."
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Planquery is a commune . It is found in the region Basse-Normandie in the Calvados department in the northwest of France . | [
"Planquery is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
] | [
"Trois-Monts ( French for three-mountains ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France ."
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Belle-et-Houllefort is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Belle-et-Houllefort is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Pernes ( or Pernes-en-Artois ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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It decomposes to manganese ( II ) fluoride when heated . | [
"On heating , MnF3 decomposes to manganese ( II ) fluoride ."
] | [
"Arsine reacts with mercury ( II ) bromide :"
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Brà villers , Pas-de-Calais is a commune . It is found in the region Nord-Pas-de-Calais in the Pas-de-Calais department in the north of France . | [
"Brà villers is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
] | [
"Gauchin-L Ã gal ( or Gauchin-le-Gal ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France ."
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Tampa Bay is a bay in St. Petersburg , Florida , USA that spreads trough Hillsborough Bay , Old Tampa Bay , Middle Tampa Bay , and Lower Tampa Bay . | [
"Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and estuary along the Gulf of Mexico on the west central coast of Florida , comprising Hillsborough Bay , Old Tampa Bay , Middle Tampa Bay , and Lower Tampa Bay ."
] | [
"Several smaller rivers also empty into the bay : Dog River , Deer River , and Fowl River on the western side of the bay , and Fish River on the eastern side ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Grans is a commune of 4,078 people ( 2007 ) . It is found in the region Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in the south of France . | [
"Grans is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rh à ne department in southern France ."
] | [
"Allauch ( Alaug in Occitan ; ) is a commune situated east of Marseille in the department of Bouches-du-Rh à ne in the Provence-Alpes-C à te d'Azur region of France ."
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Students also operate a local cable channel known as Buckeye TV , which airs mostly in the campus housing . | [
"Students also operate a local cable channel known as Buckeye TV , which airs primarily on the campus cable system operated by the Office of Information Technology ( OIT ) ."
] | [
"KFAX is a radio station licensed to transmit from San Francisco , California and heard in the Bay Area ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Architecture on the Ohio State campus is a mix of traditional , modern , and post-modern styles . | [
"Architecture on the Ohio State campus does not conform to a unifying theme such as Gothic revival or Georgian but rather is an eclectic mix of traditional , modern and post-modern styles ."
] | [
"Surrounding it are numerous attractions and services , some in structures designed to mimic the `` California Crazy '' form of architecture from Hollywood 's Golden Age ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In the last 25 years , thirty-two Ohio State faculty members have been given the Guggenheim Fellowship , which is more than all other public and private Ohio universities combined . | [
"In the last quarter century , 32 Ohio State faculty members have been awarded the prestigious Guggenheim Fellowship , which is more than all other public and private Ohio universities combined ."
] | [
"CSU prepares about 60 % of the teachers in the state , 40 % of the engineering graduates , and more graduates in business , agriculture , communications , health , education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State 's main urban campus is in Columbus . It has a size of 1755 acres , and it is about 2.5 m north of the city 's downtown . | [
"Ohio State 's 3,469 acres of campus is approximately 2.5 m north of the city 's downtown ."
] | [
"It is located about 200 miles ( 320 kilometers ) west of Fort Worth , and spans parts of four Texas counties and covers nearly 100000 a , several times the size of Manhattan ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Wexner Center for the Arts is at the east end of The Oval . | [
"Anchoring the traditional campus gateway at the eastern end of The Oval is the Wexner Center for the Arts ."
] | [
"The Ohio State College of Medicine is located on the southern edge of the central campus ."
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U.S. News & World Report has ranked Ohio State University as the best public university in Ohio , one of the top 60 universities in the United States , and one of the top 20 public universities in the United States . | [
"Ohio State is currently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as the best public university in Ohio , among the top 130 universities in the world , among the top 60 universities in the United States , and among the top 20 public universities in the United States ."
] | [
"UC Santa Barbara is a `` very high activity '' research university and spent $ 191.2 million on research expenditures in the 2007 fiscal year , 97th-largest in the United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Ohio State University has been noted by multiple publications as one of the highest ranked universities in the United States and in the world . | [
"Ohio State is currently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as the best public university in Ohio , among the top 130 universities in the world , among the top 60 universities in the United States , and among the top 20 public universities in the United States . Ohio State has been officially designated as the flag... | [
"CSU prepares about 60 % of the teachers in the state , 40 % of the engineering graduates , and more graduates in business , agriculture , communications , health , education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined ."
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In various surveys and rankings , it has been included among the best campuses in the nation for African Americans . | [
"In various surveys and rankings it has been included among the best campuses in the nation for African Americans ."
] | [
"The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance at Arizona State University detailed analysis and rankings of American universities currently places Ohio State as the 24th ranked university in America , the 10th ranked public university in the country and the top overall university in Ohio ."
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The average ACT score was 27 . | [
"The middle 50 % range of ACT scores for the enrolled class was 26 â `` 30 , with an average ACT score of 27 ."
] | [
"The per capita income for the village is $ 14,467 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The school was also ranked as the 24th best university in the US , 10th top public university , and top school in Ohio by Arizona State University . | [
"The Lombardi Program on Measuring University Performance at Arizona State University detailed analysis and rankings of American universities currently places Ohio State as the 24th ranked university in America , the 10th ranked public university in the country and the top overall university in Ohio ."
] | [
"Playboy Magazine , in its May 2006 issue , ranked McGill as the tenth best party school in North America . McGill was the only Canadian university in the list ."
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In 1916 , Ohio State was the first university in Ohio to be in the Association of American Universities . | [
"In 1916 , Ohio State was elected into membership in the Association of American Universities ."
] | [
"Michigan State University , the University of Michigan , and Wayne State University are the three major research institutions in the state ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The main , permanent work kept in the center is Picasso 's Nude on a Black Armchair , a forty-five million dollar painting that Wexner gave to Ohio State . | [
"The centerpiece of The Wexner Center 's permanent collection is Picasso 's Nude on a Black Armchair , which was purchased by alumnus Leslie Wexner at auction for forty-five million dollars and then donated to the university ."
] | [
"A self-portrait , a drawing in silverpoint , is dated 1484 ( Albertina , Vienna ) â when I was a child , '' as his later inscription says ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1906 , Ohio made a law that said The Ohio State University was the state 's `` flagship campus '' , or the best school in the state of Ohio . | [
"In 1906 , Ohio State 's status as the state 's flagship campus was written into law by the Ohio legislature through the Eagleson Bill ."
] | [
"However , `` Cal Poly '' has also been used to refer to Cal Poly Pomona , as both itself and California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo , California were one institution spanning two locations from 1938 to 1966 . Cal Poly Pomona 's office of public affairs recommends not to abbreviate the universit... | SimpleWiki | {
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The Ohio State College of Medicine is on the southern edge of the central campus . | [
"The Ohio State College of Medicine is located on the southern edge of the central campus ."
] | [
"Forbes High School , a public school , is located to the north of town ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 2007 , China 's Shanghai Jiao Tong University said Ohio State was the 61st best university in the world . | [
"Three years back , China 's Shanghai Jiao Tong University placed Ohio State as the 61st ranked university in the world in their 2007 Academic Ranking of World Universities ."
] | [
"Playboy Magazine , in its May 2006 issue , ranked McGill as the tenth best party school in North America . McGill was the only Canadian university in the list ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State won national championships in baseball , men 's basketball , football , men 's swimming & diving , men 's track and field , men 's golf , men 's gymnastics , men 's fencing , men and women 's fencing , and synchronized swimming . | [
"Ohio State has also won national championships in men 's swimming & diving , men 's outdoor track & field , men 's golf , men 's gymnastics , men 's fencing , co-ed fencing , and multiple synchronized swimming championships ."
] | [
"After graduating from PJC in spring 1939 , Robinson transferred to UCLA , where he became the school 's first athlete to win varsity letters in four sports : baseball , basketball , football , and track ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Office of Student Life helps students with things such as student housing ; food service ; health , wellness and counseling ; activities , organizations and leadership development ; recreation and intramurals . | [
"Among these are student housing ; food service ; health , wellness and counseling ; activities , organizations and leadership development ; recreation and intramurals ."
] | [
"CSU prepares about 60 % of the teachers in the state , 40 % of the engineering graduates , and more graduates in business , agriculture , communications , health , education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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In 1916 , Ohio State was the first university in Ohio to be in the Association of American Universities . Ohio State is still the only Ohio public university in the association . | [
"In 1916 , Ohio State became the first university in Ohio to be extended membership into the Association of American Universities , and remains the only public university in Ohio among the organization 's 60 members ."
] | [
"Columbia University in the City of New York ( Columbia University ) is a private research university in Manhattan , New York City and one of the eight members of the Ivy League ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The traditional school songs are arranged to fit this unique instrumentation . | [
"The traditional school songs from `` Carmen Ohio '' to `` Hang on Sloopy '' to `` Fight the Team Across the Field '' , are arranged to fit this unique instrumentation ."
] | [
"Each program addresses a single theme , marked by a theme song , which is introduced verse by verse ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Ohio State University ( OSU ) is a public university in Columbus , Ohio , USA . | [
"The Ohio State University , commonly referred to as Ohio State or OSU , is a public research university located in Columbus , Ohio ."
] | [
"The University of Texas at San Antonio ( also referred to as UTSA ) is a state university located in San Antonio , Texas , United States ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio Stateâ s faculty includes a Nobel Prize-winning physicist , Kenneth G. Wilson . It has twenty-one members of the United States National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering , plus four members of the Institute of Medicine . | [
"Ohio Stateâ s faculty currently includes a Nobel Prize-winning physicist , 21 members of the National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering , four members of the Institute of Medicine , and 177 elected fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ."
] | [
"While in college he emigrated to the United States and graduated with a bachelor 's degree at Miami University , a master 's at the University of Pittsburgh , and a Ph. D. at University of Pennsylvania by age 25 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The center was built mostly from a twenty-five million dollar gift from Ohio State graduate Leslie Wexner . | [
"Its founding was financed in large part by Ohio State alumnus Leslie Wexner with a gift of twenty-five million dollars in the 1980s ."
] | [
"In 1997 , a $ 325,000 bronze sculpture ( equal to $ today ) by artists Ralph Helmick , Stu Schecter , and John Outterbridge depicting oversized nine-foot busts of Robinson and his brother Mack was erected at Garfield Avenue , across from the main entrance of Pasadena City Hall ; a granite footprint lists multiple ... | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State was founded in 1870 . | [
"It was originally founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and is currently the third largest university campus in the United States ."
] | [
"Brentwood was first founded in 1923 ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It was designed by the architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus , and it opened in 1989 . | [
"Designed by architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus , the center opened in 1989 ."
] | [
"It officially opened on 25 June 1938 , and was initially known as Ringway Airport ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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It is home to the James Cancer Hospital , where cancer is studied . It is one of the National Cancer Institute 's forty-one NCI-designated Cancer Centers . | [
"It is home to the James Cancer Hospital , a cancer research institute and one of the National Cancer Institute 's forty-one comprehensive cancer centers , along with the Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital , a research institute for cardiovascular disease ."
] | [
"Ohio State is currently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as the best public university in Ohio , among the top 130 universities in the world , among the top 60 universities in the United States , and among the top 20 public universities in the United States . Ohio State has been officially designated as the flag... | SimpleWiki | {
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Of the 6,122 members of the 2006 freshman class , 290 had been named valedictorian ( top student ) of their high school 's graduating class . | [
"Of the 6,122 members of the 2006 freshman class , 290 had been named valedictorian of their high school 's graduating class ."
] | [
"It is one of the most affluent counties in the USA , and has the highest percentage ( 29.2 % ) of residents over 25 years of age who hold post-graduate degrees ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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FM is the student-run radio station with an Internet audio stream ( no broadcast signals are available in Columbus ) . | [
"Both stations broadcast on an Internet audio stream ( no broadcast signals are available in Columbus ) ."
] | [
"It is carried by at least three licensed terrestrial radio stations in the United States , in addition to one unlicensed Part 15 station , and on network feeds on the Galaxy 19 communications satellite ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Ohio State University Marching Band ( or TBDBITL , `` The Best Damn Band in the Land '' ) is an old tradition at Ohio State . | [
"The marching band is also a longstanding tradition at Ohio State ."
] | [
"The Minnesota Golden Gophers ( commonly shortened to Gophers ) are the college sports team for the University of Minnesota ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State has several student-managed publications and media outlets . | [
"Ohio State has several student managed publications and media outlets ."
] | [
"NTU has multi-national programs and initiatives with institutions worldwide ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State 's main campus is known for the diversity of its students . | [
"Ohio State 's main campus has been lauded in recent years for the diversity of its student body ."
] | [
"Arizona State University has also enhanced the area 's population through education and its growing research capabilities ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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Ohio State is in the NCAA 's Division I. Ohio State 's mascot is `` Brutus the Buckeye '' . | [
"Brutus Buckeye is the mascot ."
] | [
"Baylor 's men 's sports teams are nicknamed the Bears , and the women 's teams are nicknamed the Lady Bears ."
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Ohio Union is on the east side of The Oval , and at the south side is another , smaller grassy area known as the The South Oval . | [
"To the south of The Oval is another , somewhat smaller , expanse of greenspace commonly referred to as The South Oval . At its eastern end , it is anchored by the Ohio Union ."
] | [
"In 1985 the South stands were razed to make room for the William C. Wardlaw Center , a modern field house and athletic office facility to replace the facilities in the old Heisman Gym , which was located just to the north of the stadium ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The west side is contains Browning Amphitheatre and Mirror Lake . | [
"To the west are Enarson Hall , the Kuhn Honors House , Browning Amphitheatre ( a traditional stone Greek theater ) and Mirror Lake ."
] | [
"It can still be seen today on the hill on the opposite side of the Stuart Shopping center ( Wulguru ) ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Lantern is the school 's daily newspaper . | [
"The Lantern is the school 's daily newspaper and has operated as a laboratory newspaper in the School of Communication ( formerly the School of Journalism ) since 1881 ."
] | [
"2010 saw the launch of ClickonWales.org , the IWAâ s online news-analysis magazine ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The marching band is the largest all-brass and percussion band in the world . | [
"It is the largest all-brass and percussion band in the world ."
] | [
"It is the oldest continuously used on-campus site for college football in the southern United States , and the oldest in the FBS ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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The Office of Student Life also operates the Schottenstein Center , the Fawcett Center , the Blackwell Inn , the Ohio Union , the Drake Union , and the Wilce Student Health Center . | [
"The Office of Student Life also operates the Schottenstein Center , the Fawcett Center , the Blackwell Inn , the Ohio Union the Drake Events Center , and the Wilce Student Health Center , named for football coach and university physician John Wilce ."
] | [
"Anchoring the traditional campus gateway at the eastern end of The Oval is the Wexner Center for the Arts ."
] | SimpleWiki | {
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