query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why are bellybuttons either innies or outies? | [
"90% are innies. Outies are caused by two main issues: -extra scar tissue was leftover when the umbilical stump fell out. -there was an umbilical hernia that caused the stomach muscles to not fuse together property after the cord stump fell out, causing abdominal tissue to poke through. The doctor's cutting techniq... | [
"Ever see an outie belly button??? Dr's have become very good at cutting the cord right so we don't have outie belly buttons anymore. Dogs, cats and all other animals chew the cord to cut it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does it feel soothing to massage a muscle and also why does the muscle then hurt less after? | [
"The muscles have worked themselves into remaining tense. A massage forces the muscles to relax and untense. This relaxation reduces following fatigue and allows the muscle to recover."
] | [
"And why does it end up hurting? I don't hurt my arms by crossing them, why does a little pressure on the eyes slowly hurt more over time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
Why are single shot scenes good? | [
"You can look at it from two perspectives. 1: the technical marvel 2: the immersion 1: on a technical level these shots take an incredible amount of coordination, planning, and discipline. Many shots are set up so that there is a small amount of easy to control elements seen in the frame. This is why lots of Ameri... | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about finance:"
} |
How did a fly survive being microwaved? | [
"There's a focal point where the microwave energy hits near the center of the microwave, the fly avoided it. Coincidentally, it's also the reason why food in the microwave doesn't always cook evenly, often getting much hotter in the center than it does near the edges. The spinning tray was added (after the first se... | [
"Why can't you reheat things in the microwave twice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can video games be played from a cassette tape? | [
"The cassette tapes were used for data storage. Just as you can have data CD's, and music CD's. The tapes were played and the data input into the computer's RAM. No game data was stored on the computer's tape itself. Data loaded much more slowly than happens now. But a program could be saved. There were no CDs, DVD... | [
"Because they weren't written for it. Though they appear similar, computers can be as different as consoles as time moves on. What you're asking is akin to \"Why can't I play Playstation 1 games on my PS4?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
I eat every day, so why aren't my jaw muscle totally ripped? | [
"To get that jacked jaw look that's all the rage nowadays, you need to progressively chew harder things. Start with almonds, work your way up to diamonds. You'll have the jaw of your dreams in no time."
] | [
"I don't know the why exactly, but I think it's because you've strained the muscles and they're trying to heal. My hands shake when I finish rock climbing as well because the muscles are so sore. Sorry it's not very helpful"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do so many numbers involve repeating decimals | [
"Our number system is based on 10's, and percentages are based on 100's (which is a power of 10). This means that it divides cleanly by 1, 2, 4, 5, and 10 (and their multiples), but not as cleanly by other numbers. Fractional values like are often used in probability (like with dice, where the most common factor i... | [
"As you multiply you will always come out with a whole number (assuming you start with two whole numbers), when you divide not everything divides equally resulting in decimals and remainders and shit which just require more work."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
In an exponential equation, why is there no asymptote, since the graph "levels off" vertically? | [
"It might \"seem\" that way to you but that's not how exponents work. There is no limit. Draw any arbitrary vertical line anywhere and the function will cross it. If there were an asymptote that would mean that beyond some value, the function would either be undefined or negative. Logically that's absurd."
] | [
"x^2 = y is the easiest example of a quadratic equation to use so here goes. 2^2 = 4, 3^2 = 9, 4^2 = 16, the distance between the first number and the second is bigger every time because the number it's being multiplied by is different every time. When graphed this causes the line to go up at a steeper slope every ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is computer image recognition so hard? | [
"I know we aren't supposed to post just links, but I don't think there's a better explanation than [this WaitButWhy article](_URL_0_). Scroll down to \"The Road From ANI to AGI\" paragraph. Edit: For those about to tl;dr - over millions of years of evolution our brains became really good at recognizing objects, bec... | [
"Making a great search engine is very hard."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Religion versus... science/Atheism, I guess? (Better explained inside.) | [
"I have no explanation for you, I just want to say that as you inform yourself on this, be careful not to take a strawman view of a particular brand of Christianity and use it as your model of religion."
] | [
"Atheist: \"I have no reason to believe in a god, so I don't\" Agnostic: \"One cannot know whether or not a god exists.\" Secular: \"Decisions should be made without reference to religious beliefs\" Edit: Thanks for the gold! Great discussion, I'm enjoying reading people's different takes on this."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do radar and sonar work? | [
"Think of spitting down a hole. The longer it takes to hear the splat the deeper the hole is. Sonar is an advanced use of this method, it sends out sound wave and waits to hear them \"hit\" something. Then it calculates how far the object is by how long it took to hear the sound."
] | [
"Light and radiowaves are both forms of electromagnetic radiation. They can both be used to transmit information, Fibre optic cables, your infrared remote on the television and many other technologies use light as the communication medium."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
The fifth state of matter (Bose-Einstein Condensate) | [
"I'm not sure I can provide a good rigorous explanation but on a very small scale wave functions can explain the parts of an atom. When the atoms are all the same they should have essentially the same parts and at a very low temperature the parts have wave functions that begin to overlap. When this happens one part... | [
"The biologist says \"Nothing.\", the chemist says \"A little bit of hydrogen.\", and the physicist says \"Vacuum.\" or \"Photon/neutrino gas.\" depending on who's asking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does meth make people look so old/sick? What dies it do? | [
"A lot of these replies are failing to mention the primary cause of physical deterioration in heavy users of methamphetamines. Abusing stimulants is incredibly taxing on the body. You can stay awake for days and feel like you have all of the energy in the world, but truly, there is no such thing as free energy. All... | [
"Basically when you eat a lot of food a lot of your blood gets drawn to your stomach. When your brain has less blood you feel tired/lose energy. At least I think that's what it is."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did I get burned by superglue? | [
"Superglue when in contact with cotton and certain other fibers reacts in a strong heat releasing reaction. That heat can easily be enough to cause a burn, even create a fire in the fibers. The difference was the tissue you touched (it likely contained cotton or some other fiber that facilitates the reaction), so ... | [
"Actually, ELI5, how the fuck are you relieving ear itches with your tongue?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we react to negative feedback more easily than positive feedback? Negative reactions always feel like a burst and positive always feels like a slow build-up. | [
"Humans are on average more risk adverse than we are reward attracted. We rate as more painful losing $100 than we rate pleasurable to win $100. As such we respond strongly to avoid the discomfort if negative feedback. However, positive feedback is actually more productive in learning and shaping behavior, as the ... | [
"It's a response to the fatigue that they are feeling. Your brain can only handle so much, and when you exceed that amount, you try to get out of situations as much as you can. Being grumpy can get you away from people and situations that would exhaust you even more. At least, that's my explanation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can we determine whether a food or drug is dangerous to our health before it's available for trials or to the public? | [
"Hard to ELI5 this, [here is the FDA's article on it](_URL_0_). Depends on what you're studying. If I genetically engineer a crop to produce protein X, I'll clone it in and confirm the mutation by genomic analysis. I'll make sure the transcript is expressed nominally and doesn't interfere with other mRNA using a wh... | [
"If a product claims to address a medical condition, it is classified as a drug, and must undergo intensive FDA before it can be marketed, and even then might require a prescription. So what these products are doing it making it explicitly clear they are not drugs, so the FDA doesn't come after them. Food and suppl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
why does a word start to sound weird when heard or said too many times? | [
"My guess is because the meaning of the word is no longer what's coming to mind when you hear it instead it's the actual sounds put together that make it which you don't normally think about."
] | [
"Because they sound odd, we're not used to them. If you would listen to reversed sounds/music all day long you would get used to it and it would sound normal to you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and cognition:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and cognition:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens exactly to make my armpits smell so bad? | [
"Well you have a couple of different secreting glands eccrine & appocrine. Eccrine secrete your normal sweat & are all over, appocrine glands live in hairy areas & secrete a lot of cholesterol & fatty acids etc. as well as some pheromones (that you can't really smell that much on conscious level) Anyway, the fats d... | [
"Not everyone can smell it. So, to them, their pee doesn't smell. But to those who can smell it, everyone's pee smells when they eat asparagus. (Don't ask how this was discovered.)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How is audio transformed into the grooves on a vinyl record? | [
"Audio is encoded -physically- onto a record, not magnetically like a tape, by way of a groove in the surface. If you imagine the groove like a deep \"V\", each side of the V corresponds to a channel of audio (for a stereo recording) and moves up and down (actually at the angle of the V) independently of the other ... | [
"Like any other computer data, the optical disc (including CD, DVD, BD, Laserdisc and others), uses a laser-etched reflective groove, like an old record to record the programs in binary."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is everyone's lower abdomen distended in old renaissance paintings? | [
"I learned in school that back in the days when these paintings were the norm, the more plump you were meant you were more successful in life, considering you had enough money to make yourself chubby in the first place. Funny how society has done a complete 180 regarding this topic. Source for more info: _URL_0_"
] | [
"Follow up question, why do I have like three times as many hairs around my left nipple than my right one?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes that “pureness” feeling after orgasm? | [
"I think you'll find your answer in \"prolactin,\" which is released after ejaculation. It suppresses dopamine, one of the arousal neurotransmitters that turns your brain all kink. _URL_0_ There is also more extreme versions of guilt and sadness that have been documented as lasting for a week. Imagine feeling sad ... | [
"Related question: why does it feel so GOOD to crack a joint? There's like a palpable relief sensation, what causes that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does " & " mean "and"? | [
"_URL_1_ > The ampersand can be traced back to the 1st century A.D. and the Old Roman cursive, in which the letters E and T occasionally were written together to form a ligature."
] | [
"Because those are all special characters used by othe purposes by the operating system. /\\ are directory separators : is used for the drive letter/device name in Windows * and ? are wildcards < and > are used for redirection symbols “ is used to allow spaces in filenames."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do airplanes avoid fireworks? | [
"It's illegal to set off fireworks near an airport and outside of take off and landing airplanes are far to high to be impacted by fireworks."
] | [
"The blimps are used to protect people on the ground from low altitude air raids. When you fly a bunch of them in close proximity, an aircraft could get fowled up in the tether cables, so the aircraft usually avoid them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is an itch and why do we get them? | [
"When some dust or allergens land on your skin, you probably won't notice it at first. After a while, it'll rub against your skin which irritates the receptors in you skin. The receptors send a signal to your brain and your brain tells you to scratch the spot where the irritant is. When your skin receptors can't fe... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why does heat alter our perception and create a "wavy" effect. | [
"Heat changes the refractive index of air (due to expansion), and as currents and eddies of air pass through a heater – or over a desert – there's an uneven heating effect, causing slight but visible waves of differing refraction."
] | [
"No, tricking your brain to invert your vision is different from negating the effect of corrective lenses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are most of the herbivores mammals like elephants, rhinos, hippos, giraffe, etc. so big in size? Even in the jurassic era the largest dinosaur was a herbivore. | [
"It's a matter of resources, and how to obtain them. There is a lot of plant matter, which is relatively easy to renew; if an animal is adapted to grazing, the resources are plentiful, and once they get past a certain size, there is basically no carnivore that will prey on them (though their babies may be fair game... | [
"* Other animals don't just eat one thing. Very few animals only eat one thing, these would include pandas, humming birds,koalas & ant eaters. Obligatory carnations only eat meat. Obligatory herbivorous only eat plant matter. Animals are either herbivorous,omnivorous or carnivorous, fruit eaters (fruit bats),or ins... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The gender income gap. | [
"If you *just* look at gender, then there is a wage gap. If you control for the fact that * Men tend to take jobs which are more strenuous (e.g. construction, mining) * Women are less likely to ask for raises than men, and less likely to try to negotiate a higher starting salary * Women are more likely to take ... | [
"The divide isn't actually that big, only a few percentage points. Marketing is what probably makes the difference. EDIT: Some poll by PEW."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Jupiter so ridiculously radioactive? | [
"Jupiter itself isn't radioactive, it just has a huge and powerful magnetosphere. This forms radiation belts much like Earth's own Van Allen belts, but they're way stronger because Jupiter is massive."
] | [
"It isn't. Actually, the gas giants all have rings, including Jupiter and Neptune. They just aren't as predominant as with Saturn."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How Fast Does Gravity Move? | [
"Gravity propagates at the speed of light, usually noted as *c*. If the sun were to magically vanish we wouldn't know for about eight minutes, but during that time we'd continue moving along with its path. Imagine a collapsible funnel. The earth is a marble rolling around the inside of it toward the outer edge, the... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What's stopping us from sending lichens, algae, and other extremophile bacteria to Mars and start trying to change the atmosphere now? | [
"There's nothing stopping it from happening theoretically, but for now, NASA is trying very hard to prevent contaminating Mars with life from earth. Any kind of organisms that could be found on Mars should be studied, and if you just ship a bunch of extremophile bacteria from earth to Mars, you contaminate the pla... | [
"It means if we ever want to establish some sort of human-habitable station on the planet, we can potentially save a lot of fuel since we might be able to use martian water instead of flying it out there from earth. Also, since water is essential for life as we know it, it means there's a greater chance of finding ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
At what rate do we regain energy while sleeping? | [
"We don't regain energy, we spend energy. We only regain energy by eating food and drinking water. What we do, however, is repair any damage done during the day + let our brains organize all of the new info they learned in to more efficient systems."
] | [
"I'm no expert but I guess it's because while you're awake you burn more energy than when you're sleeping. So your body demands food to refill the energy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
} |
Why is it when we type the letter "A" in lower case it looks like this: "a", but when we write it, it looks like this: α? | [
"Cursive was invented because back in the day, people used ink quills. Cursive's function was to minimize the amount of times you had to raise your quill (so you could write in continuous strokes) because of ink dropping on paper. Actual fonts on typewriters were designed so they would be more legible at quick glan... | [
"First, if you promise to follow my instructions very carefully, I can actually show you how hypnotism works, an easy example. Afterwards, I'd be happy to give an Eli5 explanation as to why. You have to do exactly what I say though. 1) First step, click reply and write out the numbers 1 to 9, each number separated... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the person who came up with Pi understand that the number he was using turned out to be infinite? | [
"Pi is not infinite. It is irrational. And, well pi is the ratio of the circle's circumference to it's diameter. It's not like anyone invented it. However, historically many people have made closer and closer approximations to the value of pi, but while some of these attempts date back to antiquity, pi was only pr... | [
"Pi is an idealized number that exists in math — which is a mental construct. In the physical world the number is not printed out or used. Round things just exist — and they are not in fact perfectly round, so if you compute their area with pi you'll be incorrect."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why don't Muslim Refugees go to Rich Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait or UAE instead of Europe? | [
"All of those countries are south of Syria, requiring that anyone fleeing cross ISIS territory and a true desert. Their populations are fractional - they're basically microstates. And they have not signed the convention on refugees, so there's no telling that they wouldn't just be shot crossing the border. Syria is... | [
"North Korea is on a whole 'nother level compared to Saudi Arabia and Qatar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is preventing us to make more of the drug Quaaludes since it doesn't exist anymore? (Depicted in Wolf of Wallstreet) | [
"It's mostly been replaced by better, safer, modern drugs. Benzodiazepines (eg - Xanax & Valium) have less problems with addiction, drug interactions & are harder to overdose on. Additionally, there's a wide variety to choose from, with different strengths, onset times & durations. In parts of the world, clandestin... | [
"Its an amphetamine, It isn't necessarily healthy for you and it can become habit forming. Need a better explanation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why can we see ultraviolet if it is outside the visible spectrum? | [
"You can't. If you shine UV on some things, like liquid laundry detergent, it makes the substance glow brightly. This is not you seeing UV, it is a substance absorbing UV photons and re-radiating the energy as visible wavelength photons you can see."
] | [
"Blacklights are not literally black light. The light emitted from them is just far into the violet-UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Hermaphroditic and pre/post-op transgendered people | [
"In LGBT (and feminist) theory, there's a distinction between sex and gender. Roughly, your *sex* is the physical traits you have, while your *gender* is the cultural gender role you identify with. That's important to understand the rest. Transgender people are simply those whose gender does not match their birth s... | [
"relevant :_URL_0_ hotter or people who exhale more, blood type and particular chemical compmounds"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why, if I use just a sentence from a published work, I am accused of plagiarism, but someone in the visual arts field can steal my photos and sell them for big bucks and no one bats an eye? | [
"Taking photos, images, etc. that are not yours and passing them as your own is plagiarism. Selling photos/images/etc that are not yours is copyright infringement. Technically, anything you produce is copywritten at the time of production, even if it is never published. Whoever took the photos has a pretty rock sol... | [
"The works are in the public domain. Anyone, even you or me, could publish a complete Shakespeare and reap any profits. Not that there would be many, because everyone who wants one already has a complete Shakespeare, but you could do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is rooting your phone, using TWRP, and flashing a new OS? | [
"Go to Xda-developers, much easier than explaining. It's different for every phone. Essentially, you unlock the bootloader, change the recovery (twrp - this is the software that allows you to manually install ROMs) then find a compatible ROM you like/that works and go for it... Don't do any of the above without rea... | [
"The app is basically just cruise control for the normal rooting process and gives you a walkthrough, you still have to install the stuff on your PC to interact with the phone and unlock it the usual way. It makes it easy to follow and automates some stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do Public Relations agencies have so much influence over the news? | [
"Media needs content, and have people who do book reviews, movie reviews, etc. So they are going to cover some book/movie/etc. PR agencies get their particular book or movie in front of that person for consideration, by providing a copy of the book, or access to a screening, etc. as well as access to interview the ... | [
"What practices do the Indian IT firms engage in and what bad reputation do they have in the US?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Covelant bonds, hydrogen bonds, polar bonds, and ionic bonds | [
"Chemistry and bonding has to do with electrons. Valence electrons are the velcro of chemistry. Ionic bonds are made with very unequal sharing of electrons. The ions gain or lose electrons, become ionized, and this causes them to be associated with one another. Covalent bonds describe a situation where both atoms h... | [
"First, water is a compound, not an element, as it consists of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom. Don't know if that was just a slip of the fingers but I thought I'd point it out anyway. Essentially, hydrogen bonding is the reason for all anomalous properties of water. H-bonding is a particularly strong form of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why is the Internet governed the way it is? .... How did it become controlled by a handful of companies? And also isn’t there a way to get internet without these big companies and their contracts? | [
"Its more or less always been that way because the Physical infrastructure needed for the internet is very expensive. This causes something called a natural monopoly where very few companies can pay the needed cost to start up an ISP. Natural monopolies arent even rare and usually aren't too much of a problem due t... | [
"Net neutrality won't really affect other countries. Comcast, Verizon don't control the backbone and messing with the backbone would quickly get America as a whole thrown off the internet. As a general rule most big/wealthy countries control their own internet. China for instance blocks most foreign web sites for p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
When we look directly above outside, the sky appears to be a darker blue, however in the distance it looks more like a lighter blue/grey? | [
"When you observe the sky by looking up 90 degrees you are observing it though less atmosphere. When you look at the sky in the distance, near the horizon, you're basically observing it through as much atmosphere as possible, that results in it seeming less bright and colorful."
] | [
"Yes and no. Water is actually blue in large quantities, it is a subtle tint so it seems clear in small amounts but it is really extremely faintly blue. Water also has a partly reflective surface so that would reflect a red sky, but the water would still be blue if there is any blue light to see it by. Probably it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Astronomy:"
} |
The devices government and public officials wear at conferences with multiple languages. | [
"It is basically a radio that connects to a translator who is translating what is said into a language they speak."
] | [
"Companies like that usually have many different sorts of products."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we (think) we look better in the mirror than in photos? | [
"When you use a mirror, you aren't seeing the way you really look. You're seeing yourself flipped horizontally. If another person was standing in front of you and you both raised a left arm, the arms would be on opposite sides, rather than directly across. But your reflection raises the one directly across. You get... | [
"Why does my wife look pretty until a supermodel walks by?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it help to "rock" a baby | [
"Couple reasons. 1 - it simulates life in the womb, rocking swaying motion experienced as mom walks around. 2 - you ever get upset and want a hug? So do babies. They are comforted being held and knowing you are close."
] | [
"If you do it long enough you will pass out and start breathing again (assuming you don't hit your head on the way down), but most of the time your Britain will just go \"nope\" and force you to breath"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why do we use proof for alcohol on alcoholic drinks when we also use percentage of alcohol by volume? | [
"I believe proof is a different measure stemming back to the days when you couldn't just accurately test the exact composition of the drink or consistently manufacture it to a standard. Its just stuck since then. If I remember how it works correctly, its a measure of how a mixture of the drink and gunpowder react w... | [
"Alcohol is normally not an ingredient that is added to a product. It is something that forms as part of creating the product. As such it is harder to control an exact amount. They can get a measure of the proof and could calculate back to get a measure of the exact amount of alcohol but it really would be a calcul... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does putting a slice of bread in a ziploc bag with cookies, make the cookies chewier? | [
"The cookies absorb the moisture from the bread. You can do it with an apple, too. That's what my mom always does for her Xmas cookies."
] | [
"Moisture evaporates out of the food when it's exposed to air for to long. Moisture is what makes the food squishy and easily chewable. If you put the food in the microwave and put a damper paper towel near it, this helps a lot"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what if Wikipedia doesn't get enough donations? | [
"Change their policy and start getting revenue from ads. That's one possibility that they says will never happen, but I feel is always on the book. They will use ad before shutting down."
] | [
"If you don't like the way it's sourced, you don't ever have to read anything by them again. That's the way it works. You don't *have* to allow it at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What about the sound of others chewing drives me absolutely insane? | [
"As you've mentioned it's misophonia. One way of describing the emotion illicted by chewing, or whatever it is you react to (for me its whistling) is comparing it to a form of Synesthesia. In this sense it's because a specific action/sound is actually linked in your brain with your emotion of anger. > It has been... | [
"It's a noise coming out of your ass. I mean, what's funnier than that?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does the standard layout in Word (2013) uses so much line spacing? | [
"The default line spacing for Word is 1.15, which is generally good for most documents. Students will often need to increase this to 1.5 or 2.0, but for most printed material 1.15 to 1.35 is ideal. You can reset the defaults [here](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"> I wanted to know if anyone knows why there's a black box at the bottom of the pdf file. Your .pdf reader is messing up, there is no black box."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
The difference between England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. | [
"Best explanation: _URL_0_ **TL;DW:** United Kingdom contains Great Britain (and others), which contains England (and others)."
] | [
"England is at the bottom, below Scotland and to the Right of Wales. It is one country. Great Britain and Britain are the same thing and mean the collection of England, Scotland and Wales. The UK is Britain plus Northern Ireland. The full name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or for the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Geography:"
} |
Rosalind Franklin's contribution to the discovery of the structure of DNA | [
"Franklin was a DNA researcher at the same time as Watson and Crick. Their research on DNA heavily relied on using Franklin's data from her own, separate, research. But they didn't have her permission to use it, and didn't ask. Her research was crucial to Watson and Crick's understanding of DNA, but never got nearl... | [
"At first, scientists didn't really have a clue what the shape of DNA was. In 1952, Linus Pauling suggested a triple helix, which briefly became popular. Then in 1953, Watson & Crick published the double helix model. DNA's location was known since 1869, when Friedrich Miescher discovered this substance in the nucl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why is there so much nostalgia surrounding the Nintendo 64? | [
"Well, there were a lot of great games for it, like Super Mario 64, Goldeneye, Mario Kart 64, Duke Nukem 64, Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, and so on. But for me, personally, I love it because it was my first console. All the memories of days too rainy to play outside, or just days when I wanted to be lazy, are ... | [
"Because now you can play demos for free over the internet on the major consoles, through Xbox Live and the PS network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Is it possible to be healthily overweight? | [
"> Is it possible to be healthily overweight this is a tough question because of how we usually decide whats \"overweight\". If you have a lot of muscle you will technically be overweight, but will still be \"healthy\". The simplest answer is that excess fat will put unneeded stress on someones bodies cutting life ... | [
"Who's more likely to tell you their salary: a rich person, or a poor person?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does no amount of gel/spray/product keep my hair from standing back up but if I wear a hat or a hoodie for 5 minutes after I shower my hair stays flat all day? | [
"because gel/spray/product binds your hairs together. It doesn't 'press' them down. Think about if we poured goop on some corn fields, and then drove through them with big trucks. They wouldn't necessarily lay all the way down. But if we sat big huge iron slabs on them for about 10 minutes, they would be flat as a... | [
"For me, I find to pin my hair *up* with bobby pins, I need *a lot* of them to do it. I try to cross them over each other when I can for stability, it does seem to hold them in a lot better... overall, though, I prefer the teensy little claw clips to hold my hair up in a non conspicuous way. It's like a game with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does a good speaker cable increase the sound quality? | [
"Most people will tell you that there's little to no difference between a fantastic speaker cable and an adequate one for most applications, but there's definitely a difference between an adequate one and a shitty one. There needs to be enough good copper or other conducting material to transfer the whole signal wi... | [
"They are... For good speakers. Not good speakers don't bother proving to you that they aren't very good. If you buy a good speaker or microphone, it will likely come with a frequency response curve showing how accurately and at what power level it produces each frequency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why are the primary colours we are taught red, yellow and blue whereas the primary colours of science are red ,blue and green? | [
"There are two main methods of generating useful colors: additive and subtractive. The additive method would be like a TV or computer monitor, and combines red, green, and blue (RGB). The subtractive method is for pigments, like laser printers or painters and uses cyan, magenta, and yellow along with \"key\" which ... | [
"Brown isn't a color in its own right. It's a phenomenon of our brain interpreting a certain mix of colors. Edit: brown can be made from mixing any two colors on opposite ends of the color wheel: yellow and purple, blue and orange, red and green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I thought diplomats could not be arrested, or is diplomatic immunity a myth? | [
"Diplomatic immunity in practice has qualifications and restrictions. Serious crimes or crimes unrelated to a person's diplomatic service, are often prosecuted. The punishment might still be permanent expulsion instead of imprisonment, in some cases. Also, the diplomat's own country can revoke their immunity if the... | [
"1. He would be arrested by British police and extradited to Sweden to face rape charges. 2. Ecuador could try that, if they wanted him to be arrested anyway when their entire diplomatic mission was ejected from the UK. That sort of thing is a definite no-no in diplomatic procedure."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come astronauts can do space walks even though the temperature in space is -445C? | [
"So, first, the temperature in space isn't -445 C. I believe absolute zero as defined by Kelvin is -273 C. Space has the background cosmic microwave radiation and that's at about 2.5 Kelvin or -270 C. Space is the closest thing we have to an actual vacuum. So there are no particles to carry away the heat. The only ... | [
"> During the day the temperature on the Moon can reach 253 Fahrenheit (123 Celsius), while at night it can drop to -387 Fahrenheit (-233 Celsius). It is hotter in direct sunlight on the moon than on the earth. That heat dissipates quickly though, because there's no atmosphere to retain it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does AES encryption work, when the password gives away the key anyway? | [
"[Key stretching](_URL_0_). The password you enter isn't used directly, instead it goes through another process which took relatively fast compared to user interaction, but slow enough to slowdown brute force attack."
] | [
"Yes. You can easily create an encryption which uses a much larger key, and it will be much more difficult to break. For example, [one time pad encryption](_URL_0_) encryption, whose key is as long as the plaintext and is mathematically impossible to break. However the main problem is exchanging the key between th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Intelligence Quotient / IQ, what exactly is it and what are its criticisms? Why is it potentially wrong? | [
"There are many different kinds of ways humans can demonstrate intelligence, so it's absurd to think that a single number could measure that. For example, someone may be a musical genius, but bad at spatial reasoning. Or someone may be excellent at math and spatial reasoning, but horrible that leading others. There... | [
"Figuring things out quickly is part of scholastic aptitude, which is what the SAT is intended to measure. So no, I don't agree with you. It's not about measuring education per se. Edit to add - dealing with time pressure is also part of scholastic aptitude."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is BIOS updating so dangerous to the computer? | [
"The BIOS is responsible for the very lowest level of setup on your PC before the operating system is started. The processor knows how to talk to a BIOS, and the BIOS's main job is to find and load the operating system. The reason ruining the BIOS could brick your computer is that if the BIOS load fails or the ima... | [
"So reinstalling Windows will really improve things? Is there a way to re-install while losing no data or settings?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Are police stakeouts really in a car? In plain sight? Like two idiots in a movie? And who's stupid enough not to notice something like this? | [
"I would absolutely be stupid enough to not notice this. I live in the middle of a populous city. At any given time my street has 50 cars on it and a bunch of people milling around. Further, if you're not LOOKING for someone to be staking you out, you're just not going to notice."
] | [
"Because if you hop out, the police officer has no idea what the hell you're doing. You could be having a stretch, or you might be getting ready to attack him. Also, it's safer for the driver."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are tax deductions and how do they work? | [
"The government takes a cut from your income. But if you spend your income in specific ways, they'll decide not to take that cut, as a way to encourage that sort of spending. For example, they may take 10% of your income, but if you use a chunk of that income to donate to a charity, they'll let you donate all of it... | [
"Only if your itemized deductions will exceed your standard deductions for your filing status. Here is the standard deduction based on filing status: Single - 12k Married filing jointly - 24k Head of household - 18k If your itemized deductions are bigger than the number above or if you give to charity and you can ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What kind of information can people (governments, corporations, hackers, ect.) remotely pull from your computer and how to protect yourself against them. | [
"This is an extremely broad question, but I'll attempt to tackle it from a personal computer perspective: In theory, anything on your computer can be accessed by anyone with an external connection to your computer. They do this using a variety of means, but it usually involves a: + Virus, or other malicious code (e... | [
"Your mobile phone can expose your name, number, current location, contacts and call history, etc. This information in extremely valuable in today's business and political world for many reasons. Advertisers purchase this kind of information to better keep track of what products you are interested in, and governmen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How was the stereotype that 2LT are bad at navigating created? | [
"Navigation is a skill that requires a lot of hands-on experience - its not something you easily learn from studying a book. A second lieutenant is generally of the 'fresh graduate' variety, which means they have little to no 'hands on' experience with a lot of things. Put A and ab together and you've got the stere... | [
"Follow up, if this warrant a new post please tell me: How did politicians and the general public react when they found out these companies were aiding Nazi forces in WW2?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why did Adam West play fictional versions of himself in so many comedies (Fairly Oddparents, Family Guy, Simpsons)? | [
"IMO, he was able to see himself as others saw him; campy, dry, witty, charming, and kinda strange. To name a few of my favorite things about him. If only we could all see ourselves in as clear of a mirror as his."
] | [
"It's well animated, with well developed characters and talented voice actresses. While it is intended for little girls, it was also intended to be enjoyable for their parents, so it has lots of references to things only adults would get (for example, Gone With the Wind, Greta Garbo, Sondheim, Star Wars, Star Trek,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do the days go by faster the older that you get? | [
"Imagine you have been alive for 10 minutes. 10% of your life and everything you've experienced is summed up in 1 minute. Now imagine you've been alive for 100 minutes. 1 of those minutes is now 1% of everything you know life to be. You perceive time to be flying by as you get older because you have a larger sample... | [
"Someone told them what the answer is supposed to be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How come we can see the moon during the day when its only supposed to show at night? | [
"Who says the moon is only supposed to be visible at night? When the moon is in first or third quarter- that is, when it's half full-, it's 90° away from the sun. At sunrise or sunset, it'll be in the sky, and it's bright enough to see during daylight."
] | [
"The moon cycle is not caused by the Earths shadow. It is caused by the Moons own shadow. If you were standing in the Sun then only half of you would be lit by the Sun and your other half would be in the shadow. It is the exact same thing with the Moon. Half of the Moon is lit by the Sun and the other half is in it... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
what is the punishment for going to an 18+ website while underage? | [
"The rule is more geared toward removing responsibly from a the provider, rather than punishing the user."
] | [
"a better question would be who thinks it's a good idea to go to times square on NYE at this stage?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In the US, how are private apartment designated / advertised as "senior living" able to lease to seniors without running up against age discrimination against the young? | [
"> I thought that in the US / Seattle, it was illegal to deny housing on the basis of protected class, and age is a protected class. That's not quite accurate. The [Fair Housing Act](_URL_0_) prevents discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Age isn't one of the protected class... | [
"Basically because a one bedroom house can only be sold to a single person or a couple with no kids. This limits the market because the vast majority of home shoppers are families with multiple children. Some municipalities wont let you construct a house to sell with less than 2 bedrooms for this reason."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
If water goes down a plughole in opposite directions on opposite sides of the earth, is there a point/location where it switches? I.e. goes neither way and falls straight down | [
"No it is a myth, this doesn't actually happen it has been perpetuated by many websites emails etc. but the Coriolis effect doesn't happen in plugholes ."
] | [
"If you take a bucket, half fill with water and spin it around, up/down any circular direction you want, the water will remain and the bottom of the bucket, this works the same as artificial gravity, the person inside the ship is being forced to the bottom (of the bucket) and can walk around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why does Coke (or any soda) taste a lot sweeter when it’s at room temperature, compared to when it’s cold? | [
"Coldness numbs the taste receptors on the tongue and mouth. It can hide a variety of sins (think chilled booze shots instead of room temperature ones). It can hide sweetness (here), bitterness (iced coffee versus room temperature coffee -- heat can also mask these flavors), etc. Also, room temperature soda gas le... | [
"Well, it's a matter of expectations. And it's not a matter of liquid vs solid. If you drink a room temperature Pepsi, it will seem warm, because you're used to it being served cold. If you have a coffee at room temperature it will seem cold because you're used to it being served hot. I am sure you've eaten potato ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Greece so upset at Germany for its own debt problems - despite being bailed out numerous times? (I don't know enough about the financial system) | [
"They're not mad because of their debt problems. They're mad because of the solutions Germany is proposing to their debt problems; specifically, that they should drastically cut social programs as a precondition of getting a loan. Cutting those social programs will hurt people, so many Greeks feel like the cuts sho... | [
"Adopting the Euro is a political decision, and one that ties a country's monetary policy to an international banking regime that may not (in reality, will not) weigh your interests over all others. Not adopting the Euro is probably an even more prudent decision after seeing how badly being in the currency union ha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Reactive Hypoglycemia | [
"Hypoglycemia means low blood sugar so you don't have any immediately available energy to do things. A very simplified version of that article suggests that it happens after eating a lot of sugar or sugar-producing food. The body produces a lot of insulin to use or store the energy from the sugar but overdoes it, l... | [
"Nobody knows for sure. But it doesn't effect everyone, about 20% of the population. Edit: it is called Autosomal dominant Compulsive Helio-Ophthalmic Outbursts of sneezing syndrome - or ACHOO"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it possible to keep a patient alive when performing a heart or valve transplant? And is it similar to unplugging something from the top electrical outlet and plugging it in really fast in the bottom one without losing electricity? (Meaning you swap it really fast) | [
"No. Its more like splicing the wire and linking it to a battery, then moving the outlet, then disconnecting the battery. They hook you up to a machine to keep your blood moving and your brain supplied with oxygenated blood. Once the heart is back and working then disconnect the machine."
] | [
"Because the brain works on electrical signals and at the time they didn't know a hell of a lot more about it, electroshock therapy was thought to sort of overload the brain and shock it back into working properly in a similar way that a defibrillator does with the heart. A bit like pressing a reset button or turn... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it that putting on too strong prescription glasses messes up your eyes, yet binoculars are completely fine? | [
"They don't. Its a common myth that wearing glasses 'weaken' the eyes by making them lazy, and many optometrists used to under prescribe patients because of it. What does damage the eyes is not enough sun and focussing on one point too much. You should take regular breaks from working at a desk for example and look... | [
"No. The reason your vision goes bad is because they grow into an incorrect shape. Looking at a television isn't going to cause that to happen, and incorrect glasses are just going to cause eye strain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is Morse code always accessible even when traditional radio communication is down? | [
"Morse code is very simple, and has a very low data-rate, so it can get through even when reception is very poor. That said, it's a bit of a TV trope that communications can be restored using Morse. Were you starting to rebuild from scratch then it might be a waypoint but thinking that it's a common fallback is a b... | [
"The same way they do now: using satellite and microwave transmissions. Using the internet is kind of sketchy, because of a lack of control of the bandwidth that can cause the connection quality to drop, which is why other technologies are preferred when feasible."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do people get knocked unconscious if they are hit hard enough in the head? | [
"If you mean the immediate why, a blow to the carotid sinus nerves can cause an immediate drop in blood pressure that makes you faint. If you mean the teleological why, what benefit comes from it that evolution selected for this trait, we can only hypothesize: - If you're attacked by a predator / dangerous herbivor... | [
"I'm not certain that it hurts any worse than any other injury, per se; instead, you are just more likely to stub your toe badly than you are to do a lot of other painful things. You need a hammer to hit your finger with a hammer. You can stub your toe at any time, if you don't have closed toed shoes on. Does stubb... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology/Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology/Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the process of making meth. Is Breaking bad realistic? | [
"From what I've read, they retained chemists to make sure it was realistic, but changed minor details here and there such that you couldn't actually make meth. So in broad strokes, w/r/t ingredients and general procedures, it was correct."
] | [
"Related: what happened to the similar but different term Lakonia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- I used to remember my dreams almost every morning. Now, I only remember one every few months. Why? | [
"Do you smoke weed? I've noticed if I smoked the previous day I'm far more like to not have remembered my dreams. I've also heard apple juice promotes how vivid your dreams are. But I don't know how true that is."
] | [
"What about the kind of DÉjà Vu where you dream something but don't remember dreaming it until it happens in real life? This happens often atleast monthly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Cognitive Science:"
} |
How does newly minted money enter circulation? | [
"The answer depends on whether you're talking about newly minted money or the money supply increasing. I know you said newly minted money but sometimes people aren't entirely clear about the difference. Newly minted money just means fresh bills/coins. The money supply increasing means more dollars out there. **Newl... | [
"> Or because all of that money would eventually make its way back into circulation and inflate our economy anyway? The money doesn't have to be in one's own country (or in \"circulation\", as you put it) for inflation to happen. It is in circulation the moment you used it to pay off a debt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do companies continue to produce 3D Blu-Ray discs if 3D TVs have been out of production for a few years? | [
"There are still movies being made in 3D, so it costs nothing extra to produce, there is an audience who will buy them who already own the TVs, so it's a way to make a few extra bucks."
] | [
"The edge was that Blue Ray managed to get several big companies to use Blue Ray meaning it was less chance that your movie would appear on HD DVD. So if you wanted to watch your favorite morning cartoon, you had to have Blueray if you wanted it in the high definition format. Shortly thereafter, Toshiba conceded de... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is old people smell and where does it come from? | [
"Their skin turns over much slower because the keratinocytes are not produced as quickly from stem cells. This leads to the skin kind of rotting a little bit.... Life is kind of a bitch."
] | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health and wellness:"
} |
Why is affirmative action based on race and not family income? | [
"First off: \"White guilt\" is a phrase coined by the KKK so I'd try to avoid using it in such discussions in the future. (the more you know) I guess the concern is that a white kid whos parents earn less than 20k or something still has advantages over a kid who isn't. Also, how do you know this wouldn't make thing... | [
"> Why do you think they ask us to put those things in resume? Because they are going to use them to make hiring decisions. They want attractive people who are the age range they desire, from parents of the proper educational level, etc. Not discriminating based on appearance, family history, etc. is a more Western... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are students fresh out of highschool allowed to take out huge student loans without ever working or having credit? | [
"While frankly kind of ridiculous, the current system helps to even out the playing field. Without access to some form of financial aid, intelligent but poor individuals would be unable to get a higher education from a good university. All that being said, our current system is completely broken because it encourag... | [
"They aren't necessary at all. Many students don't feel like working while in college. With scholarship, a part time job, and a decent budget, you can go to school without student loans."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
without ever looking in a mirror, how do animals know what species they belong to and not mistake themselves as for another one? | [
"To be really precise, animals *don't* know what species they belong to. They just know what animals they are comfortable being around. They determine this by instincts -- basically, behaviors built into their \"hardware\" by their inherited DNA."
] | [
"No, there are other primates who show interest in it; there are primates, for example, that trade food for the opportunity to look at pictures of genitalia of the opposite sex. Can't recall the species, though."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is it illegal to live off the grid in the U.S.? | [
"You can certainly live off the grid in the US. Though, you generally can't just disappear leaving debts unpaid, or use your off the grid status as a way to commit fraud/avoid taxes or building codes without expecting repercussions."
] | [
"It's illegal in a huge number of jurisdictions already. Where do you live?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do downloads stop and start? | [
"Web servers process requests, and aim to answer them as quickly as possible. Depending on the server software and config, requests are either handled until finished, or handled round-robin so everyone had a chance. Downloads are big (packet size is often around 1.5kbytes) so it takes a lot of packets to complete.... | [
"Each time you open another page, advertisements load. Same reason why each of those 7 things will be on it's own webpage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do police recover "deleted files"? | [
"Not usually. The bytes that make up your file's data are still there. All that get's deleted is the index to the start of the file. Its like in the library: you're looking for a book. You go to the computer (or back in the day, the card catalogue) and it tells you what floor/row/shelf its on. But if you destroyed ... | [
"When you log into a web-based email account, that's the \"deep web\". If you go to your bank and want to check your account, that's the \"deep web\". If you fill out one of those dumb \"what is my porn name\" pages - the results are \"deep web\". Basically, anything that requires you to log in or is generated just... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does almond milk curdle? | [
"It curdles like regular milk because it has fat, protein and sugar similar to regular milk. Bacteria in the almond milk eat the sugar and excrete acid. This acid causes the protein chains to shrivel up and form tight webs that trap fat globules and squeeze out the water. These lumps of fat globules trapped by prot... | [
"How much fat, protein and carbohydrates are there in water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are weapons used to hunt animals always piercing but those used to kill men could be hacking/slashing as well? | [
"I'd say it's mostly to do with the distance factor. A spear or arrow can be used to kill an animal from about 25-50yds, give or take. A slashing or cutting weapon would require you to be less than a couple of feet away from the critter you're trying to slay. During war, you're trying to inflict damage in the most ... | [
"Knives have uses that don't involve stabbing people. The only reason to possibly have brass knuckles is to beat the shit out of someone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do my torrent downloads always slow down at the end? | [
"Kind of like if you're looking through some legos for a number of different parts, you usually come across one that you need so your search goes quickly until there's one last part you need. It might take you awhile to find that last specific part. That explanation is probably wrong but that's what I would say to... | [
"Oftentimes a file is downloaded in pieces. This way if the download is interrupted for whatever reason your computer doesn't have to start all over again from the beginning. Once all the pieces have been downloaded your computer checks them for integrity and then assembles them together in to the full file. This ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How is 4chan/anon able to track down and find out all the things/people they have done in the past? | [
"There are multiple tools. Reverse searching allows you to find where the photo has been. EXIF data in images allows you to see photo metadata (information about the photo like what camera took the photo). There can also be some social engineering like gathering information you find. It's kind of like putting a puz... | [
"I don't know about the last bit, but an internet \"raid\" is when a group of people decide to flood a website with users, all under a single purpose. 4chan \"raids\" are usually from the /b/ board, and range everywhere from a group of users deciding to all leave nasty comments on someone's Facebook wall, to trying... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do many people feel depressed or lonely at night rather than during the day? | [
"Bedtime, for me, tends to be when I have the most amount of time to just think with no distractions. If you have problems in your life that you aren't happy about, you might get through the day by distracting yourself from those thoughts, but at night, there's nothing to distract you."
] | [
"You can't fall asleep at night because you nap in the afternoon. Stop napping, as hard as it may be."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
Why are rooms with higher ceilings cooler than those with lower ones? | [
"Hot air rises. A tall room can hold more hot air before it gets to the level where you can feel it."
] | [
"More windows and skylights would cut down on electricity costs for lighting, but would drastically raise the overall electricity bill, because more heat would be lost and/or gained through the glass, so heating/ac bills would go up. You often see buildings with lots of windows in places where there are comfortable... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why can't you live for ever if you replace organs when they start to fail. | [
"Your body counts on cell replacement. Cell replacement comes from cell division. Cell division counts on DNA replication. DNA has a finite number of replications, enforced by chipping away at a terminator called telomere. When the telomere gets too short, the DNA can't replicate any more. This flags things in the ... | [
"We never really die of old age, we just succumb to a disease or something that our body has become less resistant against. Becuase our bodies are weaker we die from small things easier. So overall we really don't die of old age. The older you get from like fifty the weaker you get."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
Why mixing all colours of the rainbow creates white but mixing lots of paints creates brown | [
"Subtractive vs additive light. Paint absorbs all light but the color they emit (red paint absorbs all light but red), light emits only the color (red light emits red light). When you mix two lights, you mix the wavelengths, when you mix paints you are combining what colors they absorb, mixing more colors means the... | [
"Paints color is based on what light they absorb. So red paint absorbs all colors but red, the red light bounces away from the paint and hits your eyes. So mix a bunch of paint together and you end up with a mix that absorbs a little bit of everything, and the result is black."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it that I can binge watch a show for hours, but when I try having a back-to-back movie marathon I can barely make it through the second movie. | [
"Each TV episode has the full story structure of a movie, in a shorter length of time. So you get the rising action, falling action, all that other crap we learned in English class about story structures, etc all in one shorter package. Movies take 2-4x longer so each of those things are wayyy stretched out, not go... | [
"Often it's because they bought one of the theater's giant gulpasaurus cups of caffeinated beverage that they slurp down because of all of the salty popcorn, and that goes directly to your bladder and swells it to the size of a grapefruit. But it's also because in a theater you don't control the timing as much as ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:"
} |
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