query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How does the nuclear material get put into a nuclear reactor? | [
"In this case, uranium isn't that radioactive. First of all, its not highly enriched uranium. So most of it is the less radioactive kind. Secondly, even the more radioactive uranium isn't that radioactive. The fuel rods are safe to handle with some protective equipment. As for mining, uranium ore isn't that much m... | [
"They take them apart and mix the plutonium with a ceramic forming a fuel pellet. These pellets are then shipped to the correct type of nuclear reactor and used as nuclear fuel. A lot of Soviet and American warheads dismantled due to treaties ended up as fuel in Canadian nuclear reactors as the two powers didn't t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What makes a computer programmable and not a single purpose machine? | [
"It's whole structure. The CPU is just a blank calculation machine. It gets data and commands from the memory and writes data back into the memory, so what it does depends fully on what is saved in there. An analogy would be a toolbox, you have different tools, for different tasks, but the order and how you use t... | [
"Can a single computer program determine if any other computer program will run forever? No"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
what happens if i play a 1080p video on a 720p display? | [
"The image gets shrunk. There are several ways of doing that. You could just skip pixels. So for instance, a line from the image with 8 pixels: 12345678 when shrunk by half would become: 1357 You don't need to do it by halves, for instance you could do by a third by removing every third pixel: 124578 But th... | [
"Probably has something to do with the quality of the video. A 1080p video is going to be a lot bigger than a 360p."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does printer ink use magenta and cyan instead of red and blue? | [
"Cyan, Magenta and Yellow are the negative colour bases. When you mix ink, you will get the negative sum of both colours (mixing all colours perfectly will result in black) because more light colours are absorbed. Red, Green and Blue are the positive colour bases and need to be used when the positive sum is needed,... | [
"This is a process called subtractive color. If you've ever looked at a prism, you know that white light is a combination of all colors. Blue paint is blue because the pigments in the paint absorb every other color and only reflect blue back to our eyes. Red paint is red because the pigments absorb every other colo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
why does your body get itchy when you're over tired? | [
"Actually, it is.probably a sign of tension. When you are tense, capillaries near your skin surface can contract and that can lead to itching. Some.people are more sensitive to that than others. The tension doesn't have to be psychological, it could be due to heat or cold, recent exercise or anything that would cre... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How do they measure the age of a very old shark for example? | [
"I believe that, specifically for sharks, there are indications of age in their teeth. They shed and grow teeth constantly. They grow a new row of teeth so often, and that new growth leaves some sort of tell in their mouth. I could also be dead wrong."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Where do ruminants (cows, sheep, etc) get their protein? | [
"Grass or microbes. Plants have proteins too, and usually have all the amino acids but in varying amounts. Some plants might have very Low amounts of lysine, but if you eat large amounts of grass you will still meet the requirements Also, microbes can synthesize amino acids from the raw feedstock (grass). If the ri... | [
"Some cultures have a very specific diet. The Inuit diet contains a lot of seal and they eat most of it, even the eyes. If you watch an animal hunt and eat something, they eat the guts first. The liver is packed with nutrients like vitamin A. Muscle, such as a steak, has a lot less nutritional value than organ meat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how does washing detergent work? | [
"All soaps are surfactants. A surfactant is a molecule of which one end is attract to water (hydrophilic) and the other end doesn't like water (hydrophobic) but likes oils and dirt. Oils and dirt stick to the hydrophobic end and are washed away by water which attached to the hydrophobic end."
] | [
"Anti bacterial properties are due to antimicrobial chemicals in the soap, anti microbial chemicals work on 3 criteria, exposure, concentration and duration of contact. Bubbles in the detergent are due to its emulsifying properties, meaning detergents can allow oil and water to mix. So yes bubbles clean oils and gr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Differences between putting some 87, 89 or 91 octane gas in a car | [
"In general, pump the gas that is recommended for the car. Pumping a higher octane than recommended brings little, if any, benefit to performance but will cost significantly more. Cars that need high octane fuel usually have high compression ratios and are more than likely, high performance vehicles. The high octa... | [
"The 85 octane is cause of the high altitude. The lower the octane the faster it burns. With the already thin air at that altitude, 85 octane pretty much acts like 87 octane would at sea level."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Does restarting a computer actually do anything or is it just a placebo? | [
"Just a related note,unplugging and plugging something back in again is an actual repair step as well. Besides pulling all power from a device it corrects a condition known as terminal fretting common to connectors and plugs. Unplugging and plugging back in creates new contact points between the terminals or pins... | [
"When it comes to computers: The RAM is basically a big open desk full of all of the things all of the programs that you're running are doing. When your computer turns off, it clears the desk. If a bug doesn't happen every time, like it's a fluke, then it won't happen the next time you run the same program. Taking ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why haven’t nuclear weapons been used in war since WW2? | [
"The doctrine of mutually assured destruction. In WWII, only one side had nukes. Nowdays, everyone's got them, so using a nuke is asking to get nuked yourself."
] | [
"Sorry, but the atomic bombs in no way matched the magnitude of the Holocaust. Approximately 200,000 people died in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, to the roughly 11 million exterminated in Hitler's concentration camps. That's a factor of fifty-five times more, in case you're interested. Moreover, most historians estimate ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
In those tourist bazaars where every stall is selling the same souvenirs, how do they all make money? | [
"Some of them are owned by the same people, some are not. It depends. & #x200B; However, the thing you're missing is that you're paying tourist prices. There is huge mark up on these items and they multiply the price by two or three hundred if you're even slightly foreign looking."
] | [
"Many people in India have little money to spend. They still want stuff that looks expensive, but they cannot afford the real deal, so they go for the fakes. Also in many western countries imitations are prohibited to protect the brands. Laws may be different in India, or they are not enforced as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
what's the big deal with people being against genetically modified porn / soy beans ? | [
"Genetically modified porn? You’re going to have to explain to me about that."
] | [
"you don't really adapt to having no food. learning how to stop killing bees is probably more worth our time than walking around with cotton swabs pollinating plants by hand also \"it was going to happen anyway\" is not a good argument. everyone dies eventually murder is still illegal"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
"the medium is the message" | [
"It‘s a phrase made famous by a book called “Understanding Media“ by Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan. He was writing about modern ways of communication and how they influence people, their behavior, their opinions of themselves and others, not because of what is being said/communicated but how it is being sai... | [
"in few words - the idea that there is no \"right\" answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why European restaurants run your credit card at the table and American restaurants run your credit card at a terminal in the back? | [
"It is far easier to have your card skimmed if your card leaves the table so customers generally prefer it is done in their sight with a handheld terminal where they pay by PIN."
] | [
"Make sure the credit card is activated. Then give it to the waitress. When they bring back the receipt add a tip and sign it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the limited presence and production of petroleum keeps up with its enormous consumption? | [
"Well it's limited but the limit is really enormously high. There is no conflict in your statement/question only a misconception of scale. Edit: Quick google search tells me there are around 1.5 trillion barrels of oil reserves left and around 93 million barrels are extracted per day, so at current rates enough for... | [
"Aside from the economies of scale for power generation. Many countries are moving towards renewable power generation as well which compounds the environmental impact reduction. But if you really want to have an honest conversation about it, ask about the heavy metals and rare earth mineral mining that it takes to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is insider trading so bad? | [
"Because it cheats other investors from profits. If I have insider information that a company's earnings are down, I can sell today for more money because most people expect earnings to be as forecast. Then next week when the news comes out, and the price goes down, others lose money - particularly the people who b... | [
"Insider trading specifically refers to trading based on non-public information As long as all the relevant information about your company is publicly known, there is no reason to brand trading in stock from your own company as inside trading."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How come you can always travel east or west, but north will eventually become south and vice versa? | [
"Moving \"north/south\" means \"moving towards the North/South pole\". You're traveling towards a specific point. Moving \"east/west\" means \"moving in the direction of/in the opposite direction of the Earth's rotation\". Or \"moving with North directly to your left/right\". East and west are not defined as leadi... | [
"Many people have a constant working idea of which direction is which. It's not a movie thing, it's situational awareness. Especially with emergency services and military, it's used to avoid confusion. If you pay attention and consciously think about it, you'll always be able to orient yourself while driving, hiki... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why can’t we remember the moment we fall asleep? | [
"Going to sleep occurs in stages, as your brain parts and body step-by-step slow down and rest. The part of our brain that would record these memories 'goes to sleep' before the part of our brain that records consciousness does. You know you're awake, but you wont remember it. Its called being Hypnogogic, being in ... | [
"Because you haven't fallen in love with a woman yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How come acid containers does not disintegrate when in contact with its super acidic contents? | [
"Acids can't dissolve everything, they can only react with chemicals susceptible to chemical attack by that acid. So while they'd have no trouble disintegrating a container made of steel or cheap polyethylene, highly chemically resistant materials like glass or polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) can shrug off most ac... | [
"The gas surrounding/expelled by the liquid burns, not the actual liquid."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are women more likely to be obese than men (WHO statistics says so but doesn't explain why) | [
"Women put on fat easier than men as a mechanism to make them better able to carry a baby. In an environment with surplus food that means they are more likely to become obese."
] | [
"I found your question interesting so I did a quick googling and I found an answer on the Mayo Clinic's website. It says that researchers aren't entirely sure what causes Type II diabetes, but having excess fat cells increases your resistance to insulin while physical activity burns excess glucose and increases you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do gas stations make money, or account for the volatility when oil prices are falling? Do they "buy" the gas when the fuel trucks refill the station or are their profits calculated at a spot price each day based on how much gas they sell? | [
"Just for clarity—gas stations make minimal profits of actually selling gas. That’s not the business they are in. Yup, sounds odd, but gas stations aren’t really in the gas business Gas stations make almost all of their profit in their convenience store—not gas! Cigarettes are particularly major for their profits. ... | [
"Speculation. I won't claim to be an expert on the subject, but from what I have heard today's gas prices are based upon what the market thinks a gallon of gas will be worth a few months down the road. Also, the price at your gas station probably jumped because they haven't had a shipment of gas in a while. If they... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are some electrical sparks blue while some are yellow? | [
"Same reason a hot object glows red, but an even hotter object glows orange. The shorter the wave is, the higher the energy is. If the spark transfers more energy, it will be blue, if it transfers less it will be yellow."
] | [
"The color of a flame depends on what is burning and how hot it is. Most flames come from burning carbon based fuel (wood, wax, etc) and these things burn orange/red/yellow. The higher the temperature the whiter the flame. Other chemical substances simply burn different colors than carbon. This has to do with the a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
what exactly is happening when a volume dial breaks and starts turning the volume up instead of down or vice versa? | [
"Do you mean a rotating volume dial, like found on an AV reciever/amplifier? They are rotary encoders. They're supposed to repeatedly count +1 or - 1 when you turn up or down. When they get dirty, they can count all sorts of things instead. Here's [a video](_URL_0_) of a guy dismantling and cleaning such a dial, ... | [
"These things are basically one huge example of shitty engineering. If I had to guess, I'd say that there is supposed to be more resistance against the button raising itself back up, taking a few seconds, but for some reason this wears out and the thing just shoots right back up before hands can be rinsed. That's... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What is cancer exactly ? | [
"At it's most basic, Cancer is a cell or a group of cells that no longer abide by the rules of that cell. They continue to grow after they are supposed to die, they ignore chemical signals your body sends telling them to not get larger, not change shape or to simply die. This causes a lot of problems because they ... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why is drinking more the most effective cure to a hangover? | [
"Not 100% true that it is the most effective although if I remember my physiology prof's input on the subject it had to do with the body's breakdown of alcohol in the liver and the enzymes responsible for removing it from the bloodstream tend to cause the \"hung over\" effect. Best cure to a hangover is actually dr... | [
"Your teacher is an idiot. Talk to a doctor about the best way to beat a type of cancer. That being said, a diet high in vegetables and low in red meat would lower your chances of getting cancer in the first place."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are fraternities/sororities considered important? I keep reading bios that say person X was in Delta Kappa Blah like it's a thing worth mentioning. Why is this a thing that's important enough to include in a bio? | [
"Because when you get right down to it, if you are going to college with the intent of getting an education, you are fooling yourself. An education is a part of it, but by far the most important part of the college experience is forming interpersonal ties that you can use for business contacts later. Fraternities a... | [
"Sometimes it's not what you know, it's who you know. Lifelong connections can damn near save your life in bad times. I've helped out brothers when they've had problems and they've done the same. Beyond that college is basically your last hurrah. You're still allowed to fuck up and make mistakes in college and as l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
What is the original cause for the apparent deep rooted and centuries old antisemitism in some parts of the west? | [
"Basically the Jews are one of the only groups to have survived from antiquity to today. You exist long enough, and you'll make some enemies. Keep existing, even outliving your enemies, and their stereotypes and prejudices will morph through the ages. The real beginnings of it seem to be split between ancient Gree... | [
"It's the time we live in. War and poverty in the location where that specific demographic is located. If you look back in time, to the middle/dark age, the roles were reversed. Militant extremist christians doing much of what extremists are doing today, but in Europe. The middle east at that time experienced a tim... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do the colors on a computer screen change depending on the angle at which you look at them? | [
"This only occurs on TN (Twisted Nematic) LCD Panels. It is due to the method in which the LCD twists light through a group of horizontal and vertical lines in order to block or allow light to pass. When you look at it at sharp angles, you're seeing the light that is between the two layers. This light is not seen w... | [
"The term \"frontlit\" screen is somewhat of a misnomer....but I'll try to answer: Simply, a frontlit display is lit from in front of the display, as opposed to from behind. That sounds pretty straightforward, until you realize that the backlit screens on our phones and laptops and TVs display light by shining a bu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How come running on the treadmill is easier than outside | [
"Its not easier for everybody, but alot of it comes down to it being a controlled environment, you decide the pace, you have no obstacles, no changes in elevation, a stable base. But, for some people it is harder to run on a treadmill, as they lack the visual proof of them excersising."
] | [
"Depends on your desired result. If you want to get anywhere, then no. If you only want to work up a sweat, then sure. But your muscles won’t get the same exercise. That’s the idea of treadmills: running in place with the benefits of actual running."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What specifically stops my bank from being able to alter my account balances? | [
"If they lower your balance, that's stealing from you. You have records showing how much you put in. It's a crime and they can go to prison. If they raise your balance, they're giving you a gift. They have no motivation to do that."
] | [
"It's still in the first account, that amount has just been placed on hold and is unavailable for use. Once they clear the transaction it is moved to the other account. The waiting period / need for validation helps protect against fraud, and shady stuff that could be involved if someone could instantly make transf... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why is the shingles vaccine only recommended for use on patients 50 years or older? | [
"Because 50 is when your odds of getting shingles starts to increase. This is important because if you develop a drug you need to run studies to show it's effectiveness. Since you want to make things easy when you're running your first study you concentrate on groups that are most susceptible to the condition you'... | [
"Although the rates for morbidity from varicella (Chicken Pox) are higher among adults, the seriousness of this is overblown. Yes, adults are at a higher risk of developing complications from varicella (such as pneumonia, especially if they smoke) but most adults will make a full recovery after a course of antivir... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do red and white wine need to be stored in different temperatures? What is the allure of aged wine? What are the different types of wine? | [
"r/wine is that way. They might know better."
] | [
"It's most likely the knowledge of the wineries. The type of glass, the shape of said glass, pairings, temperature of the wine when poured/drank and how it's stored can alter the taste pretty severely. if you find a good wine ask, do they serve in crystal, take note of the shape of glass, how long they let it sit, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how does one do a reverse image search, and how does this technology work? | [
"Let’s look at drinks. For each drink, we’ll keep a running total of ‘points.’ If it’s hot, it gets one point. If it’s cold, it loses a point. - Coffee is hot, +1 - Tea is hot, +1 - Milk is cold, -1 So we can see coffee and tea are more similar to one another than to milk, using this system, right? We could make a ... | [
"They dig a hole in the ground and install the equipment. You may want to find another way to ask that question if you want a more detailed answer. What cant something like this be done in Tokyo?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you feel emotions of sorrow, sadness, regret, etc why does it have a physical sensation in your heart or stomach. | [
"Your brain and your guts talk to eachother, you have neurons in both places, in addition to this your brain and the rest of your body talk with eachother too. All emotions have physical sensations with them, we call them feelings because we FEEL them. Our body signals pain sensations to alert us so we can prepare ... | [
"Depression. Depression and anxiety have physical symptoms, some of which are chest pains/tightening in the chest and a lack of appetite. Basically, your body goes a bit haywire in response to the imbalance of hormones in your brain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does bone-in meat take significantly more time to cook than deboned meat, although they are roughly the same size? | [
"The bone doesn't heat as fast as the meat. If you cooked a turkey stuffed with ice cubes, you need to wait for the ice cubes to melt before the inside of the turkey world start to cook."
] | [
"There are a few of different reasons. One is the fat content, the second is how the meat is prepared, another is the location on the animal that the meat comes from. You can even taste that last factor with other meats, like chicken. Compare the taste of a chicken breast (white meat) to a chicken thigh (dark meat)... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why when i'm trying to sleep, sometimes my body do the fake fall thing ? | [
"So it’s my understanding that as you fall asleep, your brain paralyzes the rest of your body to prevent yourself from acting out your dreams. Before your brain can give the rest of your body the all clear to fall asleep, it checks to see if your body is actually paralyzed, and when you feel that falling/jolting fe... | [
"I'm just here to say great question. But then sometimes i stand (and do something eg stand and play guitar) and its not as tiring as just standing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can people on the phone not hear themselves when on speaker? | [
"As the phone broadcasts your voice, it add a inverse sound wave of your voice to the recording of the person you are calling to cancel your voice out. Like noise cancellation technology."
] | [
"Imagine a situation: I cant hear you talking right now. Does that mean you have no voice?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do slap bracelets work? | [
"Have you ever used one of those roll up tape measures? You can see a very similar behaviour in them if you press in the middle. It's due to the metal being bent upwards in the middle, causing the bracelet to stiffen, but as soon as you pop the middle the entire thing curls up on itself."
] | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does San Francisco have so many homeless people? | [
"It's down to the cost of housing, which is shockingly high in that area; the climate, in which a homeless person can live without freezing; and the permissive culture, in which homeless people are not treated too badly."
] | [
"You may not be in an area with a large Asian population. I live in the Bay Area in California and I see many homeless Asian people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does animation work? I thought they drew every single frame up until a month ago. I know that 3D animation is done on a computer with models and what not but the whole concept of animation still blows my mind. | [
"Historically, animation has been drawn one frame at a time. The primary artists might draw out key frames then hand them off to a group of animators who draw the frames in between. These days, you can have a computer interpolate the from and to and generate the frames in between. With 3D animation, you can do it i... | [
"Because you can do the whole thing on a computer instead of hunting for locations like you would have to if you made a live action movie. The advantage compared to 2d animation is that computers can fill in the gaps between positions of the model quite easily these days. That being said though, these movies usuall... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How is glass always so stable for seemingly all various chemical reactions? | [
"1: _URL_1_ 2: _URL_0_ 3: _URL_2_ 4: _URL_3_ You should search before posting. Anyways from 1: > Glass aka silica aka silicon dioxide is very stable. The reason why glass seems inert is because most common elements and molecules in nature don't have the attraction needed to take electrons from the silica and disr... | [
"It's extremely versatile in chemistry, and even more so in biochemistry. Even if you don't use it in individual reactions, lots of things can be dissolved or carried in water. Far less critical but also useful, it's great at absorbing heat. Water is a terrific insulator compared to lots of things."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about science:"
} |
Why are we able to see heat radiate off of things like cars and pavement. | [
"It's because of light [refracting](_URL_0_) through the heated air just above the surface of the road. Refraction causes light (as well as other things like sound and waves) to bend when they move from one material to another. The heated air is different enough from the cooler air above it (due to density and heat... | [
"There are three kinds of heat transfer: Conduction: When the heat of an object is transferred to an object that's touching it. Convection: Gases or liquids carrying heat by physically moving. Radiation: Objects emitting heat in the form of electromagnetic energy, which is the same kind of thing as light. In space ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Physics:"
} |
How is data conveyed over waves such as WiFi? | [
"> one wave One wave *frequency* travelling at the speed of light. By changing either the frequency or the amplitude of waves, you can convey ideas like \"on\" and \"off\". For example: you can program an antenna to understand that a wave peak above X volts is a 1, and below X volts is a 0, over a given period of t... | [
"The speed of light in the fiber optic cables, or the speed of the transfer rate of electrons in the electrical wire. Most long distance communications (such as between servers or overseas are over fiber optics, because it’s faster and cheaper. Short distance communications, such as through HDMI cables, are via ele... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How are videos compressed to decrease their size ? | [
"Imaging you have a password that is 1000001 and you're trying to tell someone what it is, you can either say one, zero, zero, zero, zero, zero, one or you can say one, five zeros, one. When a computer compresses any file they do some variation on that, saving space by summarizing the information rather then listin... | [
"When you burn an audio cd that can be played in a normal CD player, the audio files are not compressed. 80 min of uncompressed music is 700MB. MP3's are compressed files. They remove some data to make the file sizes smaller. But to play MP3's your CD player needs to know how to decode MP3 data. That why not all C... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is ice cream always so soft when you first open the container and gets so hard over time with the lid closed in the freezer? | [
"Ice cream is flash frozen which prevents ice crystals from forming and keeps it soft and smooth. When you open the container the ice cream melts a little then refreezes slowly. Water in the icecream and surrounding air crystallizes making the ice cream hard and icey."
] | [
"because you're going to eat it. Cooked meat can be dangerous if you leave it in the fridge for a few weeks. Just like raw meat. The difference is that if you put raw meat in the freezer, you can save it for a few months. Cooked meat can be left in the fridge for a couple days, but still is subject to rotting. Bein... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does lane assist in cars work? | [
"The car has a camera that points towards the front of the car (at the road). It scans for the markings on the road that show where the lane is, and then if it notices that the car is shifting to an angle where the markings don't line up, it does its thing (makes a sound or pushes back on the steering wheel - diffe... | [
"Well, you got adaptive cruise control, active lane guidance, lane changing, and some other neat features. It isn't on the same level as self-driving cars like what Google is testing, but it's close."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do monitors display more things on the screen while they have the same resolution as laptop screens? | [
"Laptop screen resolutions can indeed show as much content as desktops, but they are physically smaller. Condensing to that scale would work, but everyone would be squinting at their laptops."
] | [
"A smaller screen with the same amount of pixels have a higher density. On a phone can you need a higher density just because they are smaller, and a smaller device is usually held closer to the face."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How does the carbonation in a soda/beer 'settle' after you shake it? How isn't it always pressurized in a way that makes it overflow? | [
"Movement makes gas leave the water. When you don't move for a while the gas has time to go back in. As for the second part, companies know the right amount of pressure for their concentration."
] | [
"Well it has to do with pressure. Wine is put into the bottle and sealed so that no air goes in or out. Now if the wine is sparkling wine then that means none of the bubbles can come out so there is a slightly higher pressure inside the sealed bottle. That pressure is enough to slightly change the freezing point of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Our bodies signal us that we are hungry but we generally have a lot of energy stored as fat. Why is that? What is the hungry feeling is telling us in fact? | [
"Hunger is triggered by the Hunger Hormone called Ghrelin. Ghrelin is produced by the body during times you usually eat. So if you always eat at 8am, 1pm, 6pm, you'll always feel hungry at those times. When you eat, the food becomes short-term energy which lasts around 6-24 hours. Excess short-term energy not used ... | [
"Assuming they have water and no food the overweight person would last longer. When you enter starvation mode your body begins to burn fat for energy. The entire reason we get fat is for this situation, our body has more fuel than it needs so it stores it for emergency use."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do sunburns feel warm to the touch hours after being exposed to the sun? | [
"It's part of the healing process. When cells are damaged, your body sends more blood to the area to do repairs and/or clean-up of dead cells. Since that blood's coming from your core, it's warmer than the surface of your skin usually is."
] | [
"If it's hot enough to burn other parts of the body, it'll burn your mouth, too. In fact it'll probably burn your mouth easier than other parts of the body."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it hurt when you bite something you weren't expecting to be hard? | [
"Because your jaw muscles are extremely strong, and can exert enough force to actually hurt you if you aren't expecting it. If you're expecting it, you'll automatically adjust the strength of the bite."
] | [
"If you bite a metal bar you can tell it's too tough to chew. Without nerves you wouldn't be able to tell and would end up breaking your teeth"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What makes staph infections like MRSA so dangerous compared to other types of infections? | [
"It's in the name MRSA -- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which means it's resistant to the common treatments of infection."
] | [
"It's MERS, which stands for Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndome. It's a viral respiratory disease. MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It's a bacteria that's antibiotic resistant and can be a major problem in hospitals and nursing homes since the people there often have weakened immune syst... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How does the "harvesting" if renewable energy work? How do windmills get power from spinning? How do solar panels make energy from the sun? How does the conversion of the energy from one to another work? | [
"This is all ELI5 levels of course. I don't know enough detail to ELI10 Windmills are blown by wind - the wind collides with the blades and causes them to turn. The windmill is linked to a big-ass magnet, and that big-ass magnet is inside a big-ass coil of wire. When the big-ass magnet rotates, it energises electro... | [
"Hydrogen fuel can be thought of as a battery, its purpose is to get energy from one place to another. Thing is, you have to burn something or get the energy from another place such as solar or wind in order to make the hydrogen. Sure burning hydrogen is clean but making the hydrogen is not."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Energy and transportation:"
} |
When your phone is ringing, why are the electronics around it buzzing? | [
"I don't think that's what OP is asking. You can have a phone on silent, sitting next to other electronic devices, and you'll often hear very distinct electronic buzzing type noises from the other devices specifically when the cell phone is ringing."
] | [
"I'm pretty sure there's no known physical explanation for that. Maybe when you put your phone next to your head, it's because you're anxious about getting an important call/text, or hearing your alarm in the morning, or checking something as soon as you wake up? In which case, could it be the anxiety causing your ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are bad words bad to use and why are people who use them often considered "uncivilized" and "uneducated"? | [
"Most societies will have words that are “taboo”. I believe cross-culturally taboo words usually deal with sex or bodily functions (eg. “fuck” or “shit” in English), but I may be wrong. We speak differently in different social situations. You generally wouldn’t speak to your boss of college professor the same way ... | [
"It seems to me that in the US, there are a growing number of people who celebrate ignorance or being \"able to speak their minds\" and are \"different from the rest of the politicians\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Linguistics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Linguistics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why it's not recommended to cool down a heated up smartphone in a fridge? Isn't this the same as taking out your working smartphone in a winter (from warm room to cold street)? | [
"Kinda, And ive seen companies say \"Yeah, our phones werent designed for this. Now you got water damage. And water damage isnt covered under warranty, so pay up!\""
] | [
"There's really no way to cool down a sealed metal box set out in the sun without running the engine. The safety feature is called 12 years of publicly funded education. The coolest it can get without some sort of energy added to a cooling system is the outside temperature and that's not good enough to stop infants... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
- Why do bugs squirm when they are being hurt, but don’t limp when a leg is cut off? Do they feel pain? Or do they just have a protective reaction to harm that is being done to them? | [
"I once saw a wildlife program, which showed a closeup of a bug. As the camera pulled out, it became apparent that the bug was being eaten by a larger bug. The camera pulled back more, and this bug was itself being eaten by an even larger one. Now, any creature that will carry on eating while its own rear end is ... | [
"The reason we have such a nagging urge is because our skin's nerves tell our brain that something is attached to us. The brain interprets this stimuli and responds by urging our hand to scratch it or get it off. The benefit to this response is that potentially harmful parasites or insects can latch on to our skin ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does very cold water feel so refreshing, even if you’re not necessarily warm and when warmer water is easier to absorb? | [
"The cold water is refreshing because of the temperature difference and because the water is cooling our body. Warm water requires less heat energy to be transfered to the water when digesting the water. When water goes through our bodies some heat from our body naturally is transfered to the water because heat en... | [
"The upper part of your body is still exposed to the cooler air, and being wet, water will evaporate from it, cooling it down further. Part of the enjoyment is the contrast between the hot and cold. When it is hot out, your whole body is hot, and when it is humid, your perspiration doesn't evaporate well. Also, you... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If body cells always attack to foreign objects, how come they don't attack food? | [
"They don't attack \"foreign objects\". They attack things that the immune system recognizes as harmful. This is what an allergic reaction is, your immune system mistakes something benign for something harmful. This is also why immunizations work, it trains your immune system that something is harmful without it be... | [
"> why can't the body just kill it off with ease? Your body isn't designed to fight with itself. It does have mechanisms for cells to kill themselves, for instance If the cell's DNA is damaged. Cancer is a result of those mechanisms failing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do our bodies subconciously respond to music with, for example, foot stomping or head bobbing? | [
"Because I believe the mind has an instinctual reaction to tempo and patterns. You know when you hear someone shut off a car alarm or a phone alarm and for a few seconds after you hear it ringing in your head?"
] | [
"The butterflies sensation is caused by a lack of blood flow to your stomach. It is a result of adrenaline being released because you are nervous. Different people have different nervous reactions. I dont get butterflies, but my legs get shaky. Some people get sweaty palms. Everyone is a bit different in their resp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How come humans have low relative strength, compared to other animals? | [
"Muscles are expensive. Even when you're not using them, each kg of skeletal muscle requires 13kcal per day, and when you're using them that energy requirement goes through the roof. Since humans have mostly relied on travelling great distances, sweating to allow continuous use of our muscles, having a lot of them... | [
"Because the correlation between intelligence and brain size is actually the brain size relative to body size. Sperm whales are fucking huge, and require huge brains to control their huge bodies. However, relative to its body, a sperm whale's brain is pretty average for the animal world. However, a human has an eno... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how come doctors and nurses (or anyone working in the health care environment) are not constantly sick or catching stuff from infected patients. | [
"They are usually the first to get a flu vaccine. But also high hygiene standards, and proper measures when dealing with highly contagious patients"
] | [
"A contagious disease is one that is easy to be exposed to; if someone sneezes in the same room as you, you might get sick. An infectious disease is one that is easy to actually get once exposed. The example would be only a few drops of blood touching you causing you to get sick. You're not likely to be bled on in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do our eyes suddenly go blurry and get “stuck” looking at something? | [
"Basically the muscles that allow your eyes to focus relax as your not actually 'looking' at anything so it goes out of focus. Almost like you go onto standby mode lol"
] | [
"I believe you mean far sighted and if so, basically your eyes can see things at a distance fine, but when they get closer your eyes dont focus accurately making vision slightly blurry."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
The difference between paraphilia and fetish | [
"A paraphilia is something that is harmful to oneself or others and is needed to achieve orgasm. Paraphilias and fetishes are similar, but not every fetish is harmful, and all paraphilias are in some way. These disorders can cause distress or impairment (and those are the only kind recognized in the DSM), and are h... | [
"Nothing. These aren't considered technical terms in psychology. Both would be considered to be suffering from antisocial personality disorder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are some food with lower calories make our stomatch feels fuller than others with higher calories? | [
"Generally, we feel full when our stomach is full of food. Fibre fills up the stomach but doesn't really have much calories so makes us feel fuller. (vegetables have alot of fibre) There are however foods that 'hack' our fullness mechanism. For example, food that are rich in both fat and sugar (at roughly 50/50 ra... | [
"In small amounts, they are not necessarily bad. However a big problem with foods such as sugary drinks, desserts, pastries, etc is that they are quickly and easily digested. After that happens, you no longer feel \"full\" as you would if you had eaten a balanced meal. So even though you consumed a lot of calories,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
- if non-human animals experience consciousness, how is human consciousness different from non-human consciousness? | [
":shrug: We don't even know what consciousness is or what causes it, so we don't have a good answer to this kind of question. Even basic definitions of consciousness vary depending on who you ask. The only way to start answering this question is to break consciousness down into its component parts, see which animal... | [
"What is self awareness? How do you know something has it? Scientists and philosophers still debate this question. I think it's safe to assume small insects don't have self awareness like humans do, though. It is qualitatively a different condition for them since they lack a lot of brain structure that apparently ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are there multiple methods for measuring electricity? (Volts, amps, watts, etc.) | [
"They mean different things. Instead of electrons, imagine you're measuring a water pipe. How wide is it? That's resistance. How much pressure is inside? That's voltage. How fast is the water flowing? That's amperage. The water is turning a waterwheel as it passes, how much energy is that using? That's wattage."
] | [
"There are three important pieces of information you need to know to calculate charging time. 1. The capacity of the battery. This is usually measured in watt-hours, not simply watts. A watt hour is an amount of energy needed to generate one watt of power for one hour. 2000 Whr would mean that your battery could pr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Suicide is listed as a side effect of over 200 common medications. How, specifically, do these medications increase the risk of suicide? | [
"My psychiatrist told me that Paxil has a suicide warning because when you first start taking it, it gives you more energy than you had before. If you were already feeling suicidal and you have increased energy, there's a slightly higher chance of you acting on those suicidal thoughts. So most medications don't inh... | [
"Suicide. Chronic depression, especially when combined with other mental illness, drastically increases a person's chances of attempting suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What exactly is dirt? | [
"A smorgasbord of one or more of the following: - Rotted plant matter (this makes up the bulk) - Processed (and unprocessed) fecal matter - Rock dust / rocks - Decayed animals, insects and other organisms Various creatures that live in soil, including worms, springtails, snails, slugs etc etc \"process\" stuff into... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between sievert, roentgen, and gray? Why is radiation measured with different units? What other units are used to measure radiation? | [
"These aren't direct measures of radiation, but measures of impacts of radiation. The roentgen is a measure of how much gamma and xray radiation ionises air, but isn't a measure of anything else. Gray is a measure of how much energy is absorbed by a thing, and is useful in measuring doses of radiation (different th... | [
"Technically a calorie is a unit of energy. 1 calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water by one degree Kelvin (or Celsius) at a pressure of one atmosphere. Nowadays calorie is only used in food sciences, in other fields it is replaced by joule. It may seem an arbitrary... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why is water (H2O) effective at putting out fires when fire requires oxygen to keep burning? | [
"there are four things that make a fire: heat, oxygen, fuel, and an ongoing chemical reaction. take out any one of these, and the fire goes out. one quality of water is that it has a very high thermal density. this means it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. when we put water on a fire, the heat of t... | [
"There is no oxygen inside so burning cannot take place there. Burning is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidiser so it can't take place without both being present. In fact, both need to be present in correct proportions: too little fuel or too little oxidiser will cause the flame to go out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
- can I rely only on drug store vitemens and supplements to give me the benefits my body needs? | [
"Yes and No. If you have a deficiency, you should take a supplement. That being said, most supplements contain WAAAAY more nutrients than your body can actually process. Those multi-vitamins you see that say \"6,000% of your vitamin C daily allowance\" are a gimmick. Your body cannot process that much Vitamin C an... | [
"For some, you do! Some start with a double dose first and the. A single dose for the duration. But too strong a dose can cause side effects and may be more than body can absorb before expelling other ways."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do so many things in California cause cancer? | [
"The warning labels are mandated by Californian law. The state legislature came up with a list of chemicals and passed a law that said if your produce has that chemical, it must have that warning. It has nothing to do with the properties of those chemicals being different in California than anywhere else."
] | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How do undocumented people in the United States pay federal and state income taxes? | [
"You can just file for the taxes. You dont need a SSN, you can use a ITIN. Basically, the IRS will assign you a number they use to track your taxes. You can just list the wages as other and pay the tax on them. As a rule the IRS doesnt monitor to send people to ICE or such for this. They just care that you paid. Ju... | [
"A lot of wealthy people paid other people to figure out how to use loopholes to avoid paying taxes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Finance:"
} |
- How do we burn fat? Where does it go? How is it released? | [
"Your fat cells will release fatty acids which will be converted into food energy for your other cells. The principle waste product is mostly exhaled as carbon dioxide. You breathe out your fat when you lose weight."
] | [
"When you eat carbs they are broken down into glucose When glucose is in the blood insulin is produced by the liver Insulin tells your cells to open up and let glucose in (this is good) Insulin also tells your body to stop breaking down fat and instead encourages it to be stored. Glucose is the most easily used ene... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
- Why is rocking ourselves on a rocking chair so relaxing ? | [
"As I understand it, it has to do with vestibular stimulation. Your vestibular sense has to do with where your body is in space, and how your weight is balanced. Your inner ear governs this sense, and communicates the sensations through the nervous system. It takes some effort to maintain vestibular equilibrium (s... | [
"Well, first things first, try it yourself, it doesn't actually require much energy. But why it is a sign of relaxation? Because it is a very vulnerable position, implying you have nothing to fear or worry about."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Archaeologists/ historians sometimes move apparently simple historical items like tapestries and etc. It often takes "several years" to prepare those items for the move. What kinds of preparations take several years? | [
"With something so invaluable, and irreplaceable you have to have a process in place that will completely ensure that the integrity of the piece is maintained throughout the journey. A custom container needs to be built, every detail of travel needs to be mapped, security needs to be in place, a chain of custody ne... | [
"Museums do a lot more than receiving visitors. They don't just let them sit in a corner collecting dust. They have a lot of scientists and historians study them and learn more about them. In addition other museums and scientists can borrow them if they need specific artifacts for a project."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are we sometimes unable to fall asleep when tired even in pristine conditions? | [
"It's just how some people's bodies work, and it also depends on what you were doing before hand. If you were on your phone you are getting blue light which lowers the amount of melatonin you get which helps you sleep. Also, some people could just be bored and not really needing to sleep. For example, I could be at... | [
"If you have trouble sleeping, your bedroom can become a stressful place since over time you start to associate the surrounding with frustration. Sometimes a change in surroundings will help you fall asleep: the couch, a hotel room, a friends place. This is also exactly the reason you shouldn't do homework or work ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and boredom:"
} |
- How does a single 3.5 mm jack provide stereo sound? | [
"You will notice black bands on the jack. Stereo will have 2 bands, making 3 connections; L, R, and common. Some new headphones with buttons will have extra bands."
] | [
"Not in right order but dependent on which headphones Mono head phones will have a left and right path with a ground (2 sections) Stereo has 3 sections left path right path and ground Headsets with mics have 4 sections left path and right path. Microphone and ground. Ground is always needed to make a conplete loo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
if every cell in your body gets replaced over time, how does your brain maintain memories? | [
"Neurons that compose memories do not normally die and are not replaced by newly forming cells. The cell is replaced in the sense that sooner or later every molecule is swapped out as a normal part of cellular maintenance but the entire cell is never replaced all at once. Think of a car for example. A normal cell d... | [
"The moment you die, you start decaying. The softer the tissue, the quicker it goes, and the brain is very soft. Our memories and skills and all that are formed by a network of electric signals. The most obvious comparison is RAM memory in computers. If the power goes off, the electricity dies off, and what were so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do flies have such good reflexes? | [
"Firstly, flies are 100% reflex. There's no decision or second guessing; *everything* they do is the instinct of the moment. Secondly, their eyes are *way* closer to their brains and wings than any bit of you is to any other bit. That distance matters, because it takes time for signals to get across it. Not much ti... | [
"When you see flies rubbing their legs together, they are cleaning themselves. Flies rely on their compound eyes, antennae and the bristles on their bodies and legs to sense the world around them. They have to keep these sense organs clean so they can fly with precision to find food and mates and avoid predators. S... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Entomology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Entomology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Do spiders get stuck in the webs on other spiders? | [
"Spiders thread non-sticky threads into their webs that they use to traverse the web safely. Other species and even members of the same species can get stuck in the web. They can get stuck in their *own* webs if they fall or get startled, but will chew their way free. Spiders eat their damaged webs to recycle the p... | [
"Spiders will kite, using their silk as balloons, to float in the air and get to other places. This is how spiders can invade islands that are in the middle of the ocean. There are also insects that will kite like a spider, caterpillars and mites, and those are probably in the spiders' diet. Gnats are also somethin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do plants grow from a tiny seed using just water and sunlight? | [
"Usually, the seed provides enough nutrients for the (baby) plant to develop a small root system and the first couple leaves. Once that's accomplished, the main mechanism for growth is [photosynthesis](_URL_0_). 6 water molecules + 6 carbon dioxide molecules - > 1 sugar molecule + 6 Oxygen (released). The sugar is ... | [
"Trees have another source of material that you've forgotten about - the air. Plants breath in carbon dioxide, mix it with water from the root (or water vapor in the air) use the energy from sunlight to break that down, and then breath out oxygen. This leaves behind plenty of hydrogen and carbon for the tree to use... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- Why, after drinking a good cup of coffee, people have to take a nice, healthy defecation? | [
"This only happens to folks who don't drink multiple cups of coffee a day. As a person who averages 3-5 cups on a weekday this doesn't happen to me ever, and I'm not unique."
] | [
"This is not an informed response but I get a burst of energy about an hour after drinking too much orange juice."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do cars have a "power range" | [
"This is explained by \"volumetric efficiency\". If we assume a particular temperature, volumetric efficiency can be taken as a a ratio of mass of air drawn into the engine vs. the theoretical mass-draw capacity of the engine. At the point of maximum torque, the engine’s volumetric efficiency is also the highest, m... | [
"It's a relay with a reed switch. Makes noise when activated. They're usually under the dash on the driver's side."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why cant different species breed with each other? If they both have sperm and ovum? | [
"First, if the sperm cell surface markers are too different it won't even get into the egg. The key doesn't match the lock. Provided you beat that, you have a half set of chromosomes and an entirely different half set with a different number of chromosomes and different gene placement. Nothing matches, the chromoso... | [
"First organisms had sex with themselves. Just doing meiosis and living life as haploid cells. Then some started to fuse with others. So you ave sex but no genders. Also, these cells could also asexually reproduce. Gradually life gets more complex until only sexual reproduction is possible. You start to have geneta... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do seconds, minutes and hours work on a map, and is it different from latitude and longitude? | [
"Latitude and longitude are measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. A degree is 1/360th of a full circle ie 1/360th of the way around the world at the equator. A minute is a sixtieth (1/60) of a degree (1/21600 of a circle), and a second is a sixtieth of a minute (1/1296000 of a circle). Your longitude is how ma... | [
"A knot is one nautical mile per hour. A nautical mile 1852 m is one minute of latitude, which is equivalent to one sixtieth of a degree of latitude. On land the distance depend on how the road goes but at sea you can follow a straight lines so you have to calculate the distance your self So by only looking at coor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What's the difference between RJ-45, CAT5, CAT6, and Ethernet cables? | [
"Ethernet cables are just a catch all term for eight-wire cables. They can be CAT5, CAT5e, CAT6, even CAT7. CAT5/CAT5e/CAT6/etc. is a designation for the type of wire used in the cable, with higher numbers capable of handling higher speed with less interference issues at longer distances. RJ45 is the designation of... | [
"This one is pretty easy. RJ-45 connectors (Ethernet) have 8 wires in 4 pairs. Originally only 2 were used for data at 10Mbit, then 4 for 100Mbit connections. That means that a standard Cat5 cable can actually hold two 100Mbit connections. Or you can use the remaining wires to carry power. So a PoE adapter does ju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
I understand how neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine affect mood, but how do hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone affect our moods? | [
"This is a complicated issue and it differs for each person, but yes, these hormones affect neurotransmitter levels and act as neurotransmitters themselves. Estrogen is generally a mood elevator at best, but at worst makes you agitated. It’s a stimulant. Progesterone has a neuroprotective effect and at best makes y... | [
"Mood swings refer to a rapid change in mood. They can occur in women who suffer from PMS or people who suffer from more serious disorders such an major depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, schizophrenia, or other mood disorders. They can also be caused by thyroid disorders. From my limited understanding on mood sw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the pressure at the center of the earth higher than on the surface? | [
"Pressure is stuff pushing on you. If you stand on a chair vs hold a chair above your head there is a big different in amount of stuff pushing down on you (one chairs worth). At the center of the earth there is one earths worth of stuff pushing down on you."
] | [
"The pressure is equal to air pressure at the surface, plus the weight of a column of water from the surface to the depth you're interested in. Mathematically, p = p(surf) + rho g h where rho is the water density, g is the gravitational constant, and h is the depth. Notice that you get two very different answers d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do ashes turn white on black things, but black on white things? | [
"Ashes are a mix of calcium compounds (a white powder) and carbon (a black powder), along with some other stuff. It's generally a bunch of flakes which range from white to black and a full spectrum of gray in between. On a white surface, the darker particles are visible. On a black surface, the lighter particles ar... | [
"Because cold things such as ice and people are blue and hot things like metal and people are red."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do APR, interest rates, and billing cycles work? | [
"You borrow money from the bank. That's credit. They expect you to pay it back with a 'fee' which is interest. APR is the annual rate of interest. If you borrow $100 for a year at $10 APR then you pay back $110. It's not quite as simple as this in general because, with credit cards, interest stacks differently for... | [
"If you pay the balance in full every month, then you won't pay interest. Credit cards have a grace period of a month or two so that you only pay interest on the balance that you carry forward. You do still have to pay annual fees in most cases, though. They just get added to your balance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How is antimatter created in particle accelerators? | [
"They throw a lot of electrons really fast at a very dense target. The energy created in the collisions creates all sorts of things. When some of that energy turns back into mass, matter and antimatter is produced in equal amounts."
] | [
"Scientists don't predict antimatter to be present in any significant quantity in the Universe. This is actually a very important problem in physics. We expect that at the Big Bang, matter and antimatter should be created in equal parts, and therefore annihilate with each other leaving nothing. The problem is, ther... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why are hospital staff trained to work 12-24 hour shifts whereas most other occupations work 9-5 pm? | [
"There is a ton of information about patients that needs to be passed from one shift to the next. This takes a good chunk of time, during which both the outgoing and incoming staffers aren't proving patient care. And, during hand-offs there are always going to be some details that get overlooked; hopefully nothing ... | [
"It requires little to no qualifications and doesn't necessarily require you to work 9 am to 5 pm. Meaning you can go to auditions and such during business hours."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What is the uncanny valley? | [
"When we look at cartoons, our brains \"fill in the blanks\" when interpreting an image. When we look at a real image, we don't need to fill in the blanks because, well, it's a real image. But when you have a fake image like a cartoon, but it looks a little bit \"too realistic,\" your brain no longer fills in the b... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
- How do those labour simulators work, and are they safe? | [
"So a labor simulator uses electric pads that are placed over specific abdominal muscles. When activated, they send an electric signal to the muscle causing the muscle to contract in much the same way that your brain sends an electric signal to your muscles. To simulate labor, the machine causes the muscles to reac... | [
"If I can ask a follow-up: How did these companies respond to being targeted?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
- What makes someone a morning person? And the same with night owls? Is there a scientific explanation behind being one or the other or is it simply a lifestyle choice? | [
"The scientific concept is 'circadian rhythm' - basically you have an inner clock that gives you a sense for the time of day. Unfortunately for most people, the inner clock is not set to 24 hours exactly. If you have a short circadian rhythm, you are likely a morning person because your subjective days are shorter ... | [
"It's more of a psychological phenomenon than a biological one. It has to do with awareness of dreams as opposed to waking life situations. Some people are just better at consciously tuning in with the differences than others because of their mindset, habits, disposition, etc. I really don't believe there's a biolo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Psychology:"
} |
How does calcium strengthen our bones? | [
"Calcium in our bones is actually a composition which is very hard. Without it, bones resemble something like the cartilage in your nose. The best ELI5 I can give is for you to test it yourself: - buy chicken wings with bones. - eat - dunk bones in vinegar overnight or so. - acids dissolve the calcium, and the bone... | [
"Lots of times it has to do with what the baby needs to grow, or some deficiency in the mother's body. Craving ice cream could be a sign of calcium deficiency, for example. Besides being important for bones and muscles calcium is important for the heart and nervous system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why you can chug almost all drinks, yet alcohol is so hard to chug. | [
"Not always, if you mix up a good cocktail without too much bubbles it's not too hard to chug"
] | [
"Your senses would be deprived like you are drunk, but you would also have a lot of energy. Until you drink enough alcohol to pass out or both to vomit your guts out. They won't cancel each other out since it's depressing/upping different things. A chemical which counteracts alcohol/caffeine would cancel them. You ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.