query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How are massive, multi billion payments made between states? | [
"close enough. no \"physical\" money are being moved. Only \"virtual numbers\" on PC's, databases etc. There is no hard money behind that transfers."
] | [
"The first two are networks in which thousands of banks cooperate. The second two are individual companies running their own systems."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Finance:"
} |
How do non-stick frying pans work at a molecular level? | [
"Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE, aka Teflon is a fluorocarbon molecule. Made from carbon atoms and fluoride atoms. It doesn't like to stick to anything, forms no atomic bonds with other atoms, because it's stable as it is, carbon-fluor bonds take a lot of energy to break, so it likes to stay that way. Then how does ... | [
"No. When you heat bread, chemical reactions take place on the surface of the bread that fundamentally change it. See the recent question about the Maillard reaction for a little more, if you want."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How can women get infections when they sit on a public toilet seat? | [
"Short answer: They don't. People cover the toilet seat because the idea of sharing a toilet with a stranger is disgusting to them, so they cover it as a placebo to \"block\" that person's bacteria. It's also an assumption that the toilet they're using is dirty. Infections from a toilet seat can really only happen ... | [
"Urinals don't require you to fully take your pants down. Using a toilet does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Do small bugs (flies, ants and so on) don't realize the danger they're in when there's a human around, or do they simply just don't care? | [
"Humans are hardly the most proficient animal when it comes to hunting bugs. They're in danger from all manner of animals wanting to eat them. These insects are not devoting brainpower to contemplating why they're on the bottom of the food chain. They simply react to threats as they occur instead of trying to pred... | [
"Animals tend to run from everything. Its safer than getting into a fight. Only when they've been around another species for a very long time do they know they don't have to flee. When you live in big cities for example, birds aren't typically afraid of people. They've come to learn we are not going to hurt them, a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Netflix stay in business? | [
"It’s costs a lot of money to make a movie or television series. So they borrow money to make the movies and tv shows. Once the shows air and they make money, they pay back the people they borrowed money from. And since Netflix makes a lot of tv shows they have to borrow a lot of money. But since so many people wat... | [
"How do you think they stay rich? ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
how do people actually make different shapes with fireworks such as faces ladders flags etc. | [
"It has to do with what configuration the pellets are in when the firework is constructed. If you force the combustibles into a certain shape, when it explodes it has no choice but to go in a specific direction. Often the pellets will be glued onto a piece of cardboard inside the firework."
] | [
"I've mostly seen hearts, stars, crescent moons and green clovers so me thinks it for ventilation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are there so few recumbent motorcycles? | [
"While recumbent bikes can be more aerodynamic, the main reason people use them is that they are more comfortable. Instead of having all your weight supported by a tiny seat and your butt, your butt and back take on the weight. Motorcycles are already much more comfortable than bicycles. Also motorcycles are though... | [
"Population size. There are simply way more cars on the road than motorcycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
how is it that when you are packing dirt or other material for earthworks construction, when you apply vibrations the water comes to the surface? | [
"When you just pour any kind of loos materials (like dirt and sand and such) the individual grains don’t stack up in the most efficient way. Friction prevents that. In between the grains there are little cavities filled with whatever is around. Usually air or water like in your case. Dirt and sand grains are dens... | [
"Its a high density \"liquid\" slowly poured over to keep the sand from shifting. The pressure of the vehicle along with moisture and other debris has impacted the sand so it takes a good amount of force to ruin the imprint. This is why crime scene preservation is required"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do young people nowadays look more their age, than young people 40-50 years ago? | [
"Age perception changes as you get older. Ever walked into your favourite bar and thought to yourself that everyone looks really young compared to how you remember? Even though they're probably the same age as you were when you started going there? It's because you've gotten older yourself."
] | [
"I'm no expert, but look how much athletes have improved in the past 40-50 years alone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do our hands get wrinkly when in the water a long time? | [
"Because your body is recognizing you’re in water or in wet situations, the reason for the wrinkling is for added grip incase you need to grab something or hold onto something"
] | [
"The white part is dry nails because it's not touching the skin and getting the natural oils. This is also why the white part turns translucent when you submerge them in water for long enough but go back to being white when they dry. I googled this a while back cause I was curious too hahaha"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why is it that whenever I have a stuffy nose, blowing it only seems to clear it for about a half of a second before the snot regenerates? | [
"The cause of your stuffy nose is inflammation in your sinuses which produce excess secretions/mucus. Blowing your nose is temporarily relief of the symptom, but as long as you're still inflamed, it just resupplies itself because that's the function of your immune system."
] | [
"When we have a cold, our nasal passages become stopped up with a thick mucus. When we get in a hot shower, the steam from the hot water clears up our congestion. As soon as the steam disappears, the mucus starts building back up"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the answer about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How does radar blocking technology work and are there more advanced systems which can get around those hardware systems? | [
"Radar relies on a signal bouncing off the target and returning to the radar dish. If you can deflect or absorb the signal instead of reflecting it, you're effectively radar invisible. Modern stealth aircraft rely on a combination of the two - angular surfaces to deflect radar pings off at odd angles and radar abso... | [
"Think of radar as light. Essentislly it's light your eyes can't see. Now we want to see something, we shine a light on it. When you don't want to be seen, you paint your plane a color that makes the plane look like the rest of the sky around it. Blue or grey. Now to see the plane a radar development has to be made... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do diesel trucks often keep their engines running while refueling despite it being illegal for gas cars to do so? | [
"Gas vapors will ignite if you provide a source of ignition, diesel won't. Diesel fuel is basically a very light oil that only combusts when a vapor of it is mixed with air then compressed until it explodes. Diesel is so stable it's not as dangerous to work with as gasoline."
] | [
"Higher octane ratings burn slower and are used to prevent engine knock in cars that reach higher RPMs. You shouldn't have any adverse effects on your car by using high-octane fuel, but if the owner's manual doesn't call for high octane fuel, it won't actually help any either, and you're essentially just wasting mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What's the difference between a warm light and a cold light? | [
"warm and cold has to do with color difference in lights. a warmer light is more orange or fire like, a cold like is whiter more like crisp snow"
] | [
"They don't; you're thinking of a different kind of battery."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
. What is the psychological reason people are terrified of rodents or other small animals/insects that will not harm them? | [
"What makes you think rodents are harmless? Rodent-carried (or rather the fleas they carried) bubonic plague wiped out a third of Europe's population. Areas where rodents and insects are aplenty generally point to less sanitary conditions which in turn has an association with human health. Is it an entirely rationa... | [
"Tarantulas aren't very dangerous. They're big and creepy and such, but they're not dangerous. Likely the same applies to whichever \"big beetles\" you mentioned. The general trend among all animals is that animals won't attack significantly larger creatures unless directly threatened."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why didn't the bones get destroyed? | [
"Either the bones are from creatures that went into the crater much later, or were bones that were underground/in adjacent areas that were later displaced from either surface or subsurface geological activity. As you suspected, anything in or remotely close to that crater would have been completely vaporized. Not s... | [
"Are you sure they were defeated at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are gold, silver, gemstones, etc. considered valuable? | [
"Pretty much what you said. Gold and silver are also valuable in their own right as components of manufactured goods."
] | [
"Generally, commodities like gold and silver can be a less volatile market than stocks or currency. However, most of these commercials are scams. Especially for buying coins. The amount of gold they have in them is tiny. like less than $1 worth of gold in a coin that costs $20."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What happens with out of duty nuclear reactors? | [
"The fuel is removed from the reactor and everything that can be decontaminated is removed. All the buildings and structures outside the containment vessel are torn down or taken apart And the core of the reactor is moved to a safe place, encased in concrete and buried."
] | [
"My guess is mostly for nuclear decommissioning and security plus the space station."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about International relations:"
} |
Why is it parrots can talk but other animals can't? | [
"They physically can't. Dogs, gorillas, pigs, elephants, dolphins - a lot of highly intelligent mammals can learn limited vocabulary and be taught various sounds or gestures to interact with handlers, but none of them have a vocal/respiratory structure that can form sounds approximating human speech. Parrot physiol... | [
"No or at least we don't think so. Other highly intelligent animals like elephants, bears and dolphins we think have done it as well. No real way to tell since we can't ask them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Psychology:"
} |
Why are old photos warmer in color than more modern photos? | [
"The color temperature of a photo is determined by the white balance. Nowadays, with digital cameras, this white balance can be adjusted on-the-fly in software. A warm, yellow color room with incandescent light bulbs can be adjusted to have a cool, blue temperature. Most photos and print are set to a color temperat... | [
"Some of the photos you see are heavily post-processed. The photographer uses software to adjust things like brightness and contrast to bring out details that otherwise wouldn't be as vivid. If overdone, it can make the photo look fake however."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
how is it so difficult to go to the moon in 2019 even after all the technological advances - why haven’t we been back? | [
"It’s expensive and useless. What would we go back for? Another publicity stunt? Drones and rovers are leagues cheaper and more scientifically useful. We went once to prove it could be done, there is no practical reason to go back. It would be easier than it was the first time with modern equipment, but theres ju... | [
"Well if you look at the people who own and run the company, a few of them are artists or budget managers, not NASA level mechanics, the majority of the people who run the company don't know the first thing about how hard it is to actually get off of earth (gravity is a strong mofo) It really doesn't seem plausible... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do scientists date prehistoric footprints? Wouldn’t the stone with the imprints be much older than the footprint? | [
"Prehistoric footprints are not made in stone, because of course you can't leave a footprint in a rock. What you can do is leave a footprint in something like mud, ~~with~~ which over millions of years mineralizes and becomes rock(y). You can date the footprint by dating the resulting rock if you're lucky, or with ... | [
"The term fossil covers a whole range of different types of things. It can be actual remains of living things like bones or it can be things like imprints of bones made of stone. It doesn't have to be bones either, for example some insect trapped in amber counts as a fossil too. There are fossils of trees that basi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can bronze hold an edge, but brass can't? | [
"Brass can hold an edge but not very well. Brass is a softer, more malleable metal than bronze so any edge won't keep as long. It also oxidizes more easily, forming the green-blue patina associated with it. The oxidation will ruin the edge much like how rust ruins iron edges. Brass was also discovered in 500 BC, la... | [
"Because it's just hardest, not toughest. It won't scratch easily, that's true. But hardness won't prevent it from turning into expensive dust once you apply enough pressure to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What exactly happens in the body during drug withdrawal that makes you so sick? | [
"you are being starved of dopamine activity, which is required for many more neural processes other than pleasure. These other functions that aren't receiving the activity they should are what causes these withdrawal side-effects. Dopamine downregulation occurs when a neural synapse is saturated by the neurotransmi... | [
"With drawling from alcohol can be a lot like withdrawing from opiates. You’re body is used to functioning with a high level of it in the body, when it’s removed you begin to withdrawal. Your body is used to being sedated. When you remove the thing that makes it calmer you become excited. You can have serious seizu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do microphones occasionall make high-pitched ear-pearcing noise? | [
"this is called feedback and occurs when the signal from the microphone is amplified through a speaker and fed back to the microphone, which is then amplified again in a loop. As you already know, this cycle gets very loud very quickly."
] | [
"I have tinnitus. The easiest way to describe it is a very high pitches “eeeee.” Think movies where someone survives an explosion, or those mosquito noise apps on your phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
(how) Do the veins in our palms or traps not get damaged/crushed when we hold a heavy barbell or place one on our backs? All that weight in pushing down on them, right? | [
"because they are elastic. You can squash and bend them and they will deform and return to their original shape when you release the pressure."
] | [
"It's about the direction of the power applied. If you take the bone vertically, it can carry a whole truck but if you apply pressure to a sport horizontally, it'll break much faster. When breaking a brick with your hand, a lot of technique is in play and you're not smacking your bones on the brick. It's usually ma... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can something be "anti-microbial"? Cant germs and bacteria grow on any surface? | [
"Antimicrobial surfaces are usually impregnated with a chemical that deters bacterial growth, such as silver or Triclosan. These substances interfere with the bacterial life cycle, preventing growth and reproduction. These surfaces are not used for everything because they are more expensive, and Triclosan in partic... | [
"it doesn't necessarily kill bacteria. What it does is grab onto dirt and other bad things on your hand. Then it get's washed away by water along with the dirt. Antibacterial soap kills bacteria though by using some anti-biotic which is made into the soap. It has some sort of molecule that actively finds certain ba... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Microbiology:"
} |
Why are there different types of police forces in the US vs just one type of police? | [
"Law is complicated. Being knowledgeable about all law is impossible, and more specialized topics like fish and game law is not something you want your run of the mill officers worrying about. Specialized agencies can do their particular job better, so you save by having a more effective force. Training, equipment,... | [
"In the US? Sheriffs work for a county. Police work for a city or town. State troopers work for a state."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can an LCD panel independently control every pixel without having one signal wire for every sub-pixel? | [
"Lets keep it simple and use a 3x3 grid of LCD cells. In front of the cells, there are 3 horizontal electrical conductors, behind the cells there are 3 vertical conductors. 1v 2v 3v [ ] [ ] [ ] 1h [ ] [ ] [ ] 2h [ ] [ ] [ ] 3h In order to actually change what a cell is displaying, you need to pass a current th... | [
"Masters Electrical Engineering. Most RGB LED have all three colors in them. You then light a specific one my applying power to the color you want. If you look at large LEDs that can do RGB, they have 4 prongs coming off. You then power the prong you want an bam! Color. One for ground, and then each color gets a pr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it possible that there are fish in isolated bodies of water? Like in a lake in the crater of a volcano with no rivers going in or out. Wow did they get there? | [
"Eggs can hitch a ride on birds feet. People could have put them there. Freak weather has been known to suck up fish and frogs. only to drop them somewhere else. Some fish, like eels, can move quite a distance over land, especially if the ground is wet. Sometimes the \"isolated\" lake will be connected to other bod... | [
"I think it is safe to say no, as there are active volcanos at the bottom of the ocean. If that isn't enough water to cool one down, what is?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
When does our brain decide which hand will be dominant and why? | [
"\"handedness\" and \"dominance\" are nebulous terms that have no set meaning even though anyone reading this would have not trouble stating whether they were left or right handed. & #x200B; For example, I am left handed, I write, shoot pistols and throw baseballs left handed. I shoot rifles and bows right handed ... | [
"Our brain is deciding whether or not we want to fight or run. Your body is getting prepared to do either."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
We often see inter-species friendships in the wild, but it's always seems to be 2 animals. Why aren't there entire groups hanging out together? | [
"TL;DR: law of the jungle You are talking about a Timon-Pumbaa-Simba kind of group, with 3 or more species involved? Starting from the begin, you would need 2 individuals A and B that finds each other to start with, that are already in a stable friendly relationship meaning all basic needs (e.g. eating, drinking, s... | [
"The reason that lions can afford to be sociable is that they have the ability to hunt very large animals that will feed several lions for a day or two. Domestic cats likely never evolved cooperative hunting because of their small size — even in groups they couldn't compete with larger predators, so they stuck with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How is it that the United States has the top ranked universities in the world, while simultaneously having a high school system that underperforms compared to other developed countries? | [
"The US also has a large number of underperforming universities as well. When you look at the top ranked universities, you're mostly looking at very well-established private institutions or the very top-tier of state-sponsored schools. That ignores hundreds and thousands of other institutions that would bring down ... | [
"Down to two things education and history. For the history America is said to be founded with a gun in one hand and a bible in the other, Americans are reluctant to admit to wanting to give up either. For education the level of general education in the US is the lower than in the other G7 developed countries, as le... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Political Science:"
} |
William Barr is in Contempt. What is contempt and how severe is it? | [
"Being held in contempt of Congress is a meaningless charge. 'Contempt of Court' in general means the witness is uncooperative."
] | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How 64bit OS run 32bit programs? | [
"64 Bit mainly refers to the size of the memory bus on the motherboard. If a system has a 64 bit memory bus then it can address memory spaces that are much much bigger than 32-bit systems. It also means the internal registers in the CPU are 64 bits wide. That means the CPU can work on larger chunks of data at the s... | [
"You are on a 64 bit operating system, so Program Files is for for 64 bit programs. And Program Files x86 are programs that still use 32 bit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why is it a big challenge to get people back on the Moon again? | [
"Money is the biggest issue. It wasn't cheap to get to the moon before (in fact it was wildly expensive), and it still isn't going to be cheap now. Technologically, its not that insane a task, we have the knowledge, expertise, and means to do it and build the items... however its gonna take a TON of money to do it... | [
"There is a massive barrier to entry in order to compete with them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Finance:"
} |
Why does fire turn from orange to blue the hotter it gets and why is the sun (a very hot thing) stay orange? | [
"The sun isn't orange. It's white. It emits the entire visible spectrum (ie. A rainbow). Different things burns at different colors. Potassium chloride, for example, makes a purple flame."
] | [
"The sun's brighter. Wayyyyyy brighter. Sure, it's less bright than it would be because it's quite far away and going through the atmosphere dims the light slightly. However, the Sun is still *extremely* bright. It's brighter than any fire could ever be since it's not actually a ball of fire, like people often say ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does sunscreen make you stay longer in the sun? How does the higher number change things. | [
"> Does it block a certain percentage of UV rays? That's exactly what it does, more specifically it blocks UV-B rays, which are the type that cause sunburns. To my knowledge it doesn't \"last\" a certain amount of time, but rather it is worn away due to water, sweat, etc over time, which is why you need to reapply... | [
"Technically: It's a UV transmission rating SPF 60 means 1 part in 60 of the UV radiation from the sun are transmitted to your skin, assuming you follow their instructions. & #x200B; Realistically: 1 SPF is like growing 1 layer of skin to tank the sunburn for you. 30 SPF = about 30 times the protection of your reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why did it take the entirety of human history to even figure out how electricity works, but then only 200 years to get to where we are now? | [
"So I think where you want to look is the age of Enlightenment as the beginning of the rapid development of change. A big part of what drove scientific progress was the printing press, being able to reliably pass information across time and space helped the spread of ideas and as ideas spread and people could recre... | [
"Technologically progresses exponentially, but not necessarily in the directions we expect. Everyone thought we'd all drive flying cars by now and have a colony on the moon, but that didn't work out. Nobody thought we'd be mining bitcoins to buy drugs online, but now that's a thing. The closer the technology, the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do trees stop growing? | [
"They don't. As long as there is water, nutrients and sunlight and as long as it is not getting infected or damaged it will technically grow forever. There is however some limitations to how high a tree can pump the water and nutrients from its roots. This means that there is a height limit where its branches can n... | [
"Because the trees lose their leaves, letting the sound through easier."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Large chains distributing to other companies | [
"Walmart specifically is known for having some of the most advanced sales metrics gathering of any company in history. Every single sale Walmart does is recorded and sent in real time back to their servers for analysis. They have been a company on the absolute cutting edge of sales analysis for a long time. You pro... | [
"From my experience it's to ensure they can actually sell through the inventory of seasonal items."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is bioinformatics and what is it used for? | [
"Basically the idea of analyzing huge amounts of data. These days in biology, we generate unbelievably massive amounts of data. For example, researchers in any field of bio might do an RNA-seq, in other words sequence all of the RNA in 2 different cultures and compare to see what changes between them. You'd get a d... | [
"Statistics is a branch of mathematics. The math does not change, but how you apply it does, and that is what tailor made classes do, teach you how to apply the math."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can something like the big bang to start the universe come from nothing? | [
"It didn't. The Big Bang was because of a Singularity, containing all known matter, exploding and spreading into the universe. We just don't know where that Singularity came from. Some believe it was created by a God, some believe it is the remnants of an older universe, some believe it to be the collision of highe... | [
"Lots of theories out there, but the simplest and most correct answer is that no one has a clue what may or may not have existed before the big bang."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is intubation necessary for general anesthesia? | [
"General anesthesia usually includes a muscle relaxing or paralyzing component. No muscle function = no breathing. Tube is attached to a machine that provides the patient with oxygen and ventilation."
] | [
"Anesthesiologist here. 1) The pushing for a vaginal delivery, as mentioned previously. 2) Any systemic sedation or anesthetic that the mom gets, the baby gets too. A sedated baby has a higher risk of respiratory complications. 3) It's safer. Less women die in childbirth (vaginal or cesarean section) receiving sp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the situation with Area 51? | [
"Area 51 is a very secretive military base in a desert, with huge amounts of conspiracy about them having alien technology and such. What we know is that they do R & D for various military planes. The \"situation\" in the popular culture is a mostly meme meetup to \"storm\" the base to \"find the aliens\". It's mos... | [
"Alternative title: \"Explain Like I'm 5 the experience of being 5.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is rabies so deadly and can remain “dormant” for so long? | [
"Rabies take a long time to move through the nervous system from the bite site to the brain. During that trip, it tries to stay as sneaky as possible because a strong immune response would kill it. When it gets to the brain where it \"takes over\" it essentially short circuits the brain. Because the brain is a priv... | [
"Animals are getting a preventative vaccine, to build antibodies in their immune systems to help it fight rabies better. Humans are getting a rabies treatment, when there isn't time for them to build up antibodies before they are exposed. Sure, both are shots, but they have little else in common with each other."
... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If heavier elements need to be formed in stars bigger than our sun, there must have been at least another star in this region of space before our solar system formed, right? What was there? Do we know anything about it? | [
"Important thing to remember- all the stars are moving. They're orbiting the centre of the galaxy in different paths and a different speeds. It takes the sun about 200 million years to complete an orbit, which means it's done something like 22.5 orbits in it's lifetime. In other words, it wasn't born anywhere near ... | [
"I'm not sure, but one thing is certain: life would never develop around such a star. First, extremely massive stars emit most of their radiation in the form of high-energy X-rays, which are extremely destructive to organic molecules and life. Secondly, even *if* life could get around this problem, the star would h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
when drunk, if you eat you feel sober again (you probably aren't, but you feel like you are)? | [
"Dopaminergic mesolimbic pathway activation signaling _URL_0_ Or... You drink, feel pleasure, and brain signals salivation and desire for food, sex, sleep (primary functions). Your brain stem is tied in to this vagus nerve that controls feeling full or hungry. Im a lay person on this."
] | [
"coming from a 2hour meeting i can tell you i don't need to pretend to sleep to fall asleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are hand sanitizer companies able to claim their product is better or more effective than their competitors when they all kill 99.9% of all germs? | [
"No government oversight or enforcement of false product claims. Assume all copy on products is a lie."
] | [
"Antibacterial soaps have chemical additives, like triclosan, that kill bacteria. Regular soap simply washes them away, which is typically just as effective. A quick google search says that the antibacterial agents in soap need to be left on for 2 minutes to be effective, so they are likely not doing anything benef... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
Do amputees with bionic appendages become less fatigued from physical activity? | [
"usually the opposite. the rest of their body still has to bear the load of whatever they push or carry, and the lack of fine control usually means they have to work harder to accomplish the same task."
] | [
"Technology has progressed to the point where we can actually connect the mechanisms of the machinery (in this case prosthetic parts) to the nerves in our body. Those with advanced prosthetic hands, for example, can move it the same way someone with a normal hand would."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Medicine:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Medicine:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why does decibel level multiply way past the point of the source when there are multiple sources even though they all have the same decibel. | [
"Throw a pebble in a pond, and it will make waves. Throw two pebbles in that pond and when their waves meet, they'll make extra big waves and extra big troughs. The bigger waves in this case and troughs are bigger pressure differences we hear as sound. Same idea. You can actually align the speakers to cancel ea... | [
"A logarithm is just the inverse of an exponent. Aside from solving equations with exponents in them ( like parabolic trajectories in ballistics for example) they show up in nature a lot). The natural log, which is the inverse of e, I was able to use to model human vision. Ever try dimming your light bulbs (especi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about mathematics:"
} |
What happens when you drink too much water and what should you do? | [
"What happens: You will loose all the minerals in your blood as it becomes diluted with all the water you drank and pissed away. This could result in fainting or worst case in cardiac arrest. & #x200B; What you should do: Call an ambulance, stop drinking, eat salt, rest."
] | [
"You'll feel bloated and full if you drink it all at once. If you're exercising or playing sports it's very important to drink smaller amounts every now and then so you won't feel full."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does grass die when it gets urinated on? | [
"As the other commenter said, yes nitrogen. But to add to that, if the lawn has actually been recently fertilized sometimes all it takes is one pee and you have a totally burned out section of grass."
] | [
"The white part is dry nails because it's not touching the skin and getting the natural oils. This is also why the white part turns translucent when you submerge them in water for long enough but go back to being white when they dry. I googled this a while back cause I was curious too hahaha"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why haven’t we returned to the moon in recent history if we were able to decades ago? | [
"Because it’s horrifically expensive and there is no material value on the Moon. It’s a dead planetoid with no real resources to speak of. Mars is of interest because since it’s core is mostly inactive it will be a mineral gold mine literally and figuratively."
] | [
"The Soviets landed an unmanned probe on the moon 10 years before we landed a human. So, we knew that we wouldn't sink in or burn up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why just landing on the moon is a big deal and how will it benefit us? | [
"So imagine the earth is surrounded by a thick soup (our atmosphere) it takes literal tonnes of fuel just to be able to break through that soup and get into a zone that's soup free (space). The moon has no soup whatsoever. If we could set up a launch pad on the moon the amount of fuel it would take to launch and vi... | [
"It costs billions of dollars, you could die, and at the end all you get is some rocks, so no private organization has seen enough reason to do it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Do memories occupy a physical space in the brain? | [
"Memories are pretty much connections between nerve cells, the more numerous (edit: and stronger) the connections the better you can remember something. Since this is a physical connection, theoretically there is a limit to how much we can remember. However we dont know how much of our brain is available to store ... | [
"Your memories are patterns left in your brain after something happens. They are not encoded into your DNA and definitely not encoded into your sperm or eggs"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If bugs always fly towards things like porch-lamps and streetlights, why wouldn’t they just all fly toward the sun? | [
"The sun is so far away that it appears stationary when they are flying, so they use it as a reference point. If you do the same thing with a light that is close to you, you tend to spiral in towards it until you hit it. As an example, If it's off to one side in front of you, then as you move past it, it starts to ... | [
"Moths, for example, used the moon as a way to orient themselves when flying around. Now when there's a candle it'll think it's the moon and it'll keep spiraling into it and hit it by accident, not because it wants to commit suicide."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science:"
} |
How come sometimes we feel more awake after 5 or 6 hours of sleep than I do after a "full 8 hours"? | [
"It depends on when in your REM cycle you wake up, there are some smart alarms you can look into that measure how much you are moving and will wake you up in a 30 min window when you will be in the slightest sleep"
] | [
"Yes. All you need to have are fixed times for sleeping. Get up every day, even weekends and holidays, at the same time. If you are still tired the first week that shouldn't be surprising. If you still are overly tired after a month, improve your overall sleep quality. For example get better pillows or sleep in a r... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a buoyancy device (like a submerged airbag) work? | [
"Because the surface area is the critical component of buoyancy. Buoyancy is the result of a pressure differential. When there's gravity, pressure isn't actually the same from all sides. The pressure underneath a submerged object is slightly higher than the pressure above it. This results in a net upwards force. If... | [
"Divers wear a backpack ([BCD](_URL_0_)) which the tank attaches to. The BCD contains an internal baloon that can be inflated or deflated to control the diver's buoyancy. The human body's natural buoyancy, along with the added buoyancy from the wetsuit, actually require divers to wear belts strapped with lead weigh... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can’t some animals be domesticated? | [
"[CGP Grey has a pretty good video that addresses this question](_URL_0_) Basically, some animals just don't have favorable traits for domestication. You want an animal that eats something you don't eat, is relatively docile, and makes babies fast. Tigers want to eat you, hate basically everything, and are difficul... | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are our bodies so bad at fighting cancer? | [
"Cancer cells are human cells that have mutated out of control. Human cells have tags on them that tells your immune system not to attack it. Cancer cells will have these tags so your body just ignores it."
] | [
"Your brain is telling your body to make room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is rabies naturally occurring? Or if every organism that had rabies died at once, would it be wiped out? | [
"Rabies is a natural virus has been around for a very long time. An animal (mostly bats, sometimes raccoons or other mammals, only occasionally dogs) that has the disease caries rabies virus particles in and on its body, and their saliva or claws transmits it when they bite or scratch someone. Those particles repro... | [
"The smallpox virus had an incredibly stable genome, so it is unable to mutate and adapt to treatments and vaccines. Also, smallpox is only able to infect humans so the virus cannot hide in the wild in the bodies of animals and come back from the forest years later (you can track and quarantine humans, tracking bat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Medicine:"
} |
What’s the difference between paranoia and reasonable suspicion? | [
"Reasonable suspicion is based on, well... reason. It's something that your average person would understand as being suspicious. Paranoia is irrational and based on somebody's twisted perception of reality. Let's say you're walking around at night & some dude has been following you for the last 5-6 blocks. A reason... | [
"Extreme incompetence or criminal negligence. Take your pick!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is a species determined to be extinct? How can we truly verify whether or not there are other members of a species still present in nature, especially small creatures such as insects? | [
"I can answer the first one. If a species is not seen for a large amount of time (and was thought to be endangered already) especially in places that it once lived, it can be assumed that there may not be any of its kind remaiming. There are actually a couple instances of us assuming something is gone but finding i... | [
"Most of these answers are incorrect if you're talking specifically about tigers. Although tigers are indeed the apex predators in their environment, there are only ~3000 individuals remaining in the wild stretched across all of Asia . Unlike alligators that dig canals or elephants that knock over vegetation, tiger... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how can someone die from a shockwave? | [
"A shockwave is essentially a wall of compressed air (or some other medium, but the same principle applies to other fluids). Although you do not notice air normally as you breathe it, exist in it, etc., it can be quite like a solid when compressed adequately. An injurious or lethal shockwave is essentially the extr... | [
"you might want to get that checked. like with a doctor"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are phone calls still low quality? | [
"Better quality calls requires better phones and better carrier networks, both of which would cost money. Not enough people are demanding better quality to make it profitable enough for most phone companies to pursue."
] | [
"If you download and install their app they have a lot more data on you. If the service is free the product is you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did post pigeons worked? | [
"“Homing” pigeons do just that, they always fly home. So you’d raise pigeons in each town and then once they established a home “nest” they always fly back to it. Once pigeons reached adulthood they would be transported over land to various towns so each town would have a few pigeons from various others. If you wa... | [
"Was there a similar attempt to recruit Japanese scientists?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
A few nights ago late at night, I was alerted by a bright light on the side of my house which was possibly a person. My congested nose almost instantly became clear and I was able to breathe freely until I calmed down and it became congested again. Why did that happen? | [
"Fight or Flight kicked in, and the spike of Adrenaline will have caused the constriction of your nasal membranes, opening up the passageway, and allowing air to travel more freely."
] | [
"I wish this had more attention! I've only had this happen to me once, but I've never forgotten it. When I was younger, maybe 9 years old, I was at a sleepover birthday party and was the last one still awake. I sat there in my sleeping bag pissed of that I couldn't for the life of me fall asleep. I remember slowly ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Biology:"
} |
- Electromagnetic waves: if the electric part is inseparable from the magnetic part, do magnets have electric fields? | [
"Yes. A charged particle (an electron) is what creates your electric field. When that charged particle is put in motion, it creates a magnetic field. In the case of magnets, the field is created by the orbit of electrons around the nuclei. In most cases the nuclei are pointing in random directions, so the individua... | [
"The short super unsatisfactory answer is that it just does. The longer answer is that what we define as a charge is actually a disturbance in the electric field, which is part of the electromagnetic field. A moving charge creates a disturbance in both the electric and magnetic field. The two phenomenons are intert... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do skyboxes break when going out of bounds? | [
"What should the video card display in those areas where there aren't any objects or textures? There is no information to be shown so that part of the display register just isn't updated, meaning it keeps whatever value was put in their last. That is what you are seeing with the \"broken\" areas of the image."
] | [
"In order to reduce the amount of time it takes to load areas/reduce lag, a game tends to only load resources it actually needs. This means if you're set to the highest resolution, it won't load the low resolution textures, too. So in order to load those textures, the game needs to restart to dump the high resoluti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did humans manage and balance accounts before the concept of zero? | [
"Before the concept of zero, most exchanges of goods and services weren’t backed by money. One person would bring some items, which they would discuss the value of with someone else, and decide on an exchange that both parties found mutually beneficial."
] | [
"Numbers are easier to learn then an alphabet. And our current number system are not very old and spread well after we had alphabets that is recognizable today. Before the Arabic numerals (which came from India) the Roman empire used Roman numerals. This was very good at counting and organizing units but was rather... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How is calculus used in machine learning? | [
"Calculus is most prominently used when dealing with backpropagation: calculating how you should change the weights and biases of the network to move towards your goal. This is a complicated subject, so the brief version is: * you have a network, that is feed some input, and gives some output. this is essentially ... | [
"Linear algebra is useful to a wider range of applications. Physics students are more likely to need it, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do old movies and videos have this sorta staticky sound in the background and modern ones don’t? | [
"A lot of reasons: Old movies had the soundtrack imprinted on the film, it was analogue and intrinsically noisy - like cassettes, the same was true of video. Also copying the film to make a new print or change the format would introduce more noise. To deal with that Cinemas had quite sophisticated analogue noise re... | [
"Although I can't understand what you're saying in the explanation, I think I know what your'e talking about. Old TVs emit a very high frequency noise that is constantly on, even with the volume muted. you might be hearing this from the other room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Animation:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Animation:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does brass squeak so loudly when it is machined on a lathe? | [
"It shouldn't, but squeaking is a pretty common problem with lathes. Typically it is caused by starving the lathe (feedrate is too low), setting your lathe too slowly for the material, or setting your bit too high/using the wrong bit size in general. When correctly set up, a lathe won't squeak with brass. If your... | [
"The metal is trying to shrink as it rapidly cools, which causes stress on the metal and makes that noise. You should let it cool a bit before immersing it in water..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
How did Area 51 get associated with aliens? | [
"Because of the secrecy around the base which wasn't recognized as existing by the CIA until the 90s and because of the 1947 Roswell incident where the US claimed it was a weather baloon that crashed in New Mexico but conspiracy theories soon arose claiming it was an alien UFO taken to Area 51."
] | [
"For a long time, conspiracy theorists thought that this information was also accessible by the government. Turns out, they were right."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why doesn’t the severity of ptsd and anxiety attacks decrease after each episode?(Like facing a fear) | [
"Because the brain is complicated. It’s mental trauma. Some people never recover from physical trauma, same with mental."
] | [
"You run out of the ability to processes the incredible despair from seeing no way out of a terrible situation when your anxiety triggers an iteration of extreme distress or \"passing the braking point\" point like losing a job while in debt or something akin to the E.G."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
when betting in sports like MMA what does it mean when someone is -135 vs +155? | [
"It’s called a money line.... -135 means you wager $135 to win $100. +155 means you wager $100 to win $155"
] | [
"I won't go into a lot of details, but i'll help you out for tonight's game, Broncos at Raiders: The line is at +17 Raiders and -17 Broncos meaning the Raiders are a 17 point underdog. If you bet on the Raiders and the Raiders \"cover\" (ie, lose by less than 17 or win the game), you will get paid. The Money Line i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What pushes strong wind into existence? | [
"u/goatharper gives a great explination and I'd like to add that the geography of the surrounding area can also affect the strength of the wind. For example the wind will always blow stronger through a mountain pass. This is because the air can't move through the mountains but has to either climb over them or sque... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How does diabetes appear in your body if you are healthy? | [
"Being “healthy” reduces the chances of you getting a disease, it doesn’t eliminate it. Diabetes has 2 forms, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 is an autoimmune disease, where your body wrongly identifies your insulin-producing cells as foreign and attacks them. The exact trigger is unknown, and it can happen to anybody. T... | [
"You should get your blood sugar levels checked. You could be pre-diabetic or hyperglycemic, if you're having that kind of reaction get it checked soon."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What will happen if we pass electricity through a magnet? | [
"You mean a permanent magnet? Then you induce a weak magnetic field following the Hall effect, it adds to the existing field but at the end it is irrelevant magnetically. So nothing more than passing electricity through a piece of metal."
] | [
"Alcohol changing the density of the liquid in your inner ear."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
During the PS1 era, one of the upsides the N64 had that the PS1 didn't was that cartridges had no loading times as opposed to CD's which had more capacity but had to load all the data. Why do now the cartridges on the Switch, for example, have to make use of loading screens? | [
"Because they aren't the same kind of cartridges. Cartridges for older systems were tied directly into the system's memory bus - the cartridge was a read-only memory chip (ROM) that became wired in alongside all the other read/write memory chips (RAM) in the system. It would be like if PC games came on some kind of... | [
"It's not that PC games \"need\" to be installed. It's that they have the option to, so why not? You can run a PC game completely from a disc, just like a PSone, etc, but since every computer has a hard drive, it wouldn't make sense to just ignore the ability to use a faster device to load games from. Consoles like... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do things go darker when they get wet? | [
"Let’s think about this. Both surfaces you mention are very porous. And if you think about the ones that don’t get darker they are usually the ones that are very smooth like plastic or buffed steel. We know that the difference between dark and light things is the amount of light they reflect. So I’m thinking that i... | [
"Do you know how a fan works? If so just turn it around"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What exactly does a 360 Record Label deal entail and why do artists keep signing them if they’re bad for them | [
"It's like a pyramid scheme. Those at the top have labels that have artists that have their own labels and it trickles down. The idea is the artists agree to give some of their revenue to the label in turn the label gives them the recognition and investment they need, such as the 'connections' etc."
] | [
"They do a number of things, most of them are money-related. They provide money for an artist to rent studio time, they take care of the whole physical CD distribution thing, usually they do marketing, they enforce copyright protection, etc. The reason people say their existence is obsolete is because you can do mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why does English have different suffixes for languages (-ese, -ish, -an)? | [
"The \"true\" English demonym suffix is -ish, e.g. Spanish, Turkish, Welsh, Swedish. However sometime in the last few centuries English speakers stopped applying that suffix, and instead started borrowing existing demonyms from other languages, mostly French."
] | [
"> Are they just English and American spellings of the same exact thing? Yes. The same is true for color/colour, fiber/fibre, analyse/analyze, and others. As a general rule, the \"re\", \"our\" and \"yse\" spellings are British English while the \"er\", \"or\", and \"yze\" spellings are American English."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are trig functions able to model things like waves? | [
"Watch this video _URL_0_ Triangles, circles and waves are all related. it's misleading to call those math functions \"functions that originated from the ratios of right triangles are able to be used to show waves\" The reality is that those functions describe all 3 things, they did not come from one or another, yo... | [
"A lot of things in physics are spherical/circular :planets, stars, orbits, particles etc. Often Pi is also used as an angle, for rotations. 2 pi being a full circle, so it can be used to describe waves. If you take a stick and let it move in a circle, while pulling the circle along in one direction makes a wave. Y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Mathematics:"
} |
Why do some trees have bad odor? A big tree near my house has a very bad odor, like a dirty towel kinda smell. Is it a defense mechanism or something? | [
"A lot of trees rely on insects to pollinate them. What smells really bad to you probably smells delicious to some type of flying insect."
] | [
"The smell isn't the grass, but is the smell of the sap from the grass when you cut it. That's right. The smell of freshly mown grass is the smell of fresh plant blood after a horrific genocide. ;)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
how do “dead spots” on tennis courts happen? | [
"They develop over time. As it gets colder and warmer the court expands and contracts. These movements form cracks in the generally immobile structure of the court. You’ll quite often see these open cracks on older courts. There’s also subsurface cracks too. Those are the unseen dead spots. Just like how potholes f... | [
"If you encase your cellphone in a ziploc will you still be able to hear it ring inside? Waterproof does not mean soundproof."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How much of our forgotten memory/memories can we access through hypnosis? | [
"The most likely result from hypnosis would be the creation of fake memories you then believe to be real."
] | [
"As far as I know, it goes like this: we look to the left for past real events that we want to recall and to the right for imagined scenarios (things we made up about the future or the past). Furthermore, we look up+left to recall visual memories, straight+left for auditory memories, and down+left for inner talk. W... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What happens when you're suddenly not hungry anymore? | [
"Read up on Intermittent Fasting or One Meal a Day diets. They discuss this quite a bit. Basically we aren’t “hungry” by the definition most people with internet access know the word because we are out of energy. We are hungry because hormones (?) in our body tell us that it is time to eat. Those release on a sched... | [
"Are you sure you're not just falling asleep 30 minutes earlier than you think you are?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does a yawn trigger teary eyes? | [
"When you yawn, the facial muscles around your eyes can tighten, occasionally putting pressure on your lacrimal gland. This gland is what keeps your eyes moisturized throughout the day, so when excess pressure is applied to them, it can cause tears."
] | [
"Nothing is touching the back of your throat or tongue so there is nothing to trigger it. Why do you think sound would trigger it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does it happen that doctors think a limb has to be amputated but then the patient manages to keep it? | [
"The stories you hear, you hear BECAUSE they are incredible and are the extreme exception to the rule. Doctors are humans. Medicine isn't an exact science. If there's a 20% chance that if a limb isn't amputated it'll go necrotic and the patient has a 90% chance of dying, most doctors are going to strongly push for ... | [
"They use very small needles and sew the veins, arteries and nerves back together along with muscle and skin. With fingers and such they have to also connect tendons and set bones so they heal or pin them. After Lorena Bobbit cut off her husband's penis it was reattached and he later stared in a porn movie so appar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Medicine:"
} |
where do snails and slugs go when it's not damp? | [
"To their jobs, they have to make a living somehow. (But probably to find places that are damp)"
] | [
"You know how eating salt on it's own makes you thirsty? Well when you put salt on the slug it gets so thirsty it dies because it gets too dry on the inside to live. Getting dry on the inside is called dehydration and we drink water, juice and other drinks so the same thing doen't happen to us."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how do people know which mushrooms are fit for consumption and which are poisonous | [
"Experimentation, seeing who died after eating what mushroom. Watching what mushrooms and plants animals ate."
] | [
"Many cheeses, such as blue cheese, deliberately use mold to give it distinctive texture and taste, and these molds are selected with human consumption in mind, meaning that these are types of molds that don't produce toxins harmful to humans. But if you have cheese - any cheese - that grows some random airborne mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do insects fly towards the light? How badly do human-made artificial lights affect insect populations? | [
"The difference is how close and small an artificial light is compared to the moon and sun some insects have evolved to rely on for navigation. If you navigate by, for example, keeping the moon to your left, no worries,you keep going in a straight lineand keep the moon to your left. But if you mistakenly navigate b... | [
"They are purportedly attracted to things like heat, CO2, scents, and what you eat (e.g. bananas, beer). Attraction is likely a result of these factors, in addition to the fact that people will react differently to the same number of bites."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Collagen Supplements | [
"Due to aging or other reasons, sometimes the body doesn't manufacture enough of a certain thing (collagen in this question). Supplements can supply that thing and if the form of the supplement is available for the body to absorb and use, the thing will function as if the body had manufactured it."
] | [
"Coke: Can Dr Pepper: Bottle Barq's (Root Beer): Bottle Mountain Dew: Can Source- Caffeine Addict"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do most animals have the same “fleshy” colors on the inside? | [
"Most animals, including humans, use hemoglobin to transport oxygen around the body. Hemoglobin is a red chemical and your body is basically filled with it like a sponge, so you're mostly shades of red inside. When a new species evolves, it's unlikely to swap out a chemical that works for another. Some animals, usu... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How does touchscreen responds when we touch it? Why does it accidentally responds when we touch it with other specific objects? | [
"There are a few different technologies. I assume you are thinking of the touch screen on your phone screen. That works because the screen is electrified just a little bit, not enough for you to even notice. When you touch the screen it messes up the electrical field. The computer can measure how the field changes ... | [
"iPhones and all modern smartphones use Capacitive touch screens. Rather then detect touch by pressure they use electricity, there is an electric field on the screen of your phone and when you touch it the electricity runs up your hand, through your body, and back down. The phone can detect this and determine the l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are abs split into a "6 pack"? | [
"Not all abs are. & #x200B; Some people's aesthetics genetically have eight, six, and four packs. & #x200B; The anatomy of the body can be seen here & #x200B; [_URL_1_](_URL_0_) & #x200B; There are just eight muscles on the outer most layer of abdominals. Your diet will give you the results of having a 4 pack, ... | [
"Lightweight (little fat) Lots of fast twitch muscles (no stamina) Tail balancing out the sprint."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
- why is the typical USA work week 5 days on and two days of rest? | [
"It used to be 6 days a week (Sundays were for Church). The advent of labor unions were able to change labor rules to be 40 hours per week as the standard, and adding Saturday to the weekend. Labor unions became a thing during the Industrial Revolution (which got big in the mid 19th century)."
] | [
"While the story of the \"100 hour work week\" in Japan gets a lot of press, and Japanese do work more than many other countries, the reality is the average person has plenty of time for entertainment. Only 22% of the country works more than 50 hours a week. As compared to the US where it is 11%. So 78% of the coun... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How come there’s just 1 line of continuous bubbles coming from the bottom of the glass if you’re drinking something like champagne? | [
"When you see a line of bubbles coming from a single point, that point is called a 'nucleation site'. What is happening is that there is probably a small imperfection in the glass there where a tiny bubble of air can be trapped. It is much easier for an existing bubble to get bigger than it is for a new bubble to ... | [
"If you mean after drinking from it for a bit, it's the stuff that leaves your mouth and goes into the bottle when you drink from it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
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