query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why doe seem like everything man-made related to space is white? | [
"Temperature control. Once you get outside the atmosphere, there is nothing to dampen the effects of sunlight/moonlight. No clouds, no atmospheric diffusion, no nothing. Now, I'm sure you've gotten into a dark colored car on a hot day. Ever seen what happens to, say, a cellphone or a bottle of soda that's been left... | [
"Nah these responses are too complex still here's the best one: Car designed like that, phone not"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why do we expect alien life to have formed in earth like conditions? Is it scientifically possible for there to be other forms of life that don't require the same environment to thrive as earth life does? | [
"Absolutely, but right now our best bet is to look for conditions that we know are able to support life."
] | [
"At least for life on earth, most entities use water for most of our processes. Be it regulating temperature, bodily chemicals or lubricating our internal organs as the rub against eachother, water is integral to keep things in working order. Why? Is like asking why do we depend on the sun for warmth. Thats just ho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about science:"
} |
Why do downloads, file transfers and renders always seem to linger on 99% longer than any other percentage? | [
"I dont know how accurate this is, however at the end of the download i assume this is the whole package being checked for errors and any missed packets or segments are redownloaded to ensure it is complete"
] | [
"Because they write to the hard drive when processing data. When space on the drive becomes harder to find, the disk has to spin more, and that takes longer. Which is why this doesn't happen so much with solid state drives"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do we measure a country's area of landmass when borders are so randomly shaped? | [
"Two methods: -with a computer, you can just count the number of pixels -with \"printed\" map, you can print the map on a dense material (some carton if you want), and cut along the borders. Then you weigh what you cut out. By having a piece of known weight and surface with the same material, you can deduce the sur... | [
"Borders tend to be defined either by geographical features such as rivers. Or by exact coordinates. Rivers tend to shift all the time, which can depending on how the borders are legally defined lead to borders shifting or having to be shifted by new treaties to make sense again. Straight line border, which tend to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How does a lobotomy work and when was it first used? | [
"The early surgical lobotomies took many inspirations from *accidental* lobotomies. People with damage to the prefrontal area were found to have good survival rates, so nothing critical to living or functioning was located in this area, **but** significant personalty changes occurred. It was realized that this coul... | [
"The term \"shock\" is used very frequently in the medical world. It is when the organs within a person's body aren't getting enough oxygen. If a person is in shock for too long, the organs lacking oxygen will be permanently damaged, possibly leading to death. Edit: Just to be clear, I haven't seen the video mentio... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How can old movies be converted to HD if the original source material wasn't? Karate Kid 2 looks amazing in 1080p. | [
"Film is analog, TV's are digital. So film is already in \"HD\" quality, the problem was that TV's (which project a certain amount of pixels) could never project an HD picture. Once technology made that possible, it's simply a matter of taking the original film of a picture (assuming it's been kept in mint conditio... | [
"Remember: many Blu-Ray films were not shot digitally, they were shot on film. That means they have to transfer the film version to digital before they can burn it onto a disc. In some cases, this is done with high quality frame-by-frame scans of some of the original process prints with restorations which are then ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What would happen if a relatively small object, say from the size of a bullet up to a car, somehow accelerated to the speed of light at close to ground level in the atmosphere? | [
"This [xkcd](_URL_0_) comic provides a great 'What If?' explanation of exactly what you're looking for. Basically a huge thermonuclear explosion, and then some."
] | [
"Not moving relative to what? The Earth? The Sun? It's all relative. If you're not moving relative to the sun, the Earth will move by at about 30km/sec; fast enough for you to go from in space to on the ground in 4 seconds flat, but not really that fast in a astronomical sense, or if you were looking from far away ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a saxophone sound "sexier" than other instruments? | [
"I suspect it's because it's a woodwind instrument that's made with brass. The wooden reed gives a certain softness/ smokiness to the tone that you don't have in brass instruments (e.g. trumpet), but the brass gives it a sharper tone than wooden woodwinds (e.g. clarinet). It's soft, but with a little edge to it. I... | [
"Because the sound you're hearing is sound coming out of a round chamber. When the glass fills with water, the size of the chamber changes, so the pitch changes. Large chamber, low pitch. Small chamber, high pitch. It's why digieridoos are deep and rumbly while ocarinas are high pitched and whiny."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why is it perfectly acceptable that a horse owner leaves a giant pile of horse dung on the pavement while it's frowned upon that dog owners do the same with much smaller piles of dog dung? | [
"They are suposed to have bags to catch that in urban areas but keep in mind horse poop is all plant mater and breaks down fast and is compost and good for lawns. Dog poop on the other hand has meat in it and doesnt break down the same and will kill grass."
] | [
"Cats instinctively bury their poo. You *could* train a dog to poop in a litterbox, but it wouldn't bury the poo, so you'd just end up with a bunch of gross poo on top of a sandbox."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does the Catholic Church need to have diplomatic relations with nearly ever country in the world? | [
"The Holy See of the Catholic Church is a highly political organisation that operates from Vatican City, as it's sovereign state. It is unique as a permanent observer state of the UN. It aims to promote the interests of the religion worldwide at the highest levels."
] | [
"Because Google is American, and the US doesn't recognize Palestine as a nation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can adjusting the phone connector for audio cables fix the issue of music only coming out of one side of the speakers/earphones? | [
"I think you're referring to the audio jack input on a phone. If you look at a stereo jack itself (almost always a 1/8\" one) you will see two dividing lines. This is because there are essentially two different contacts for two separate signals (left and right). These marry up with the contacts in the input and eac... | [
"This always happens when you move the contacts in audio plugs. Your headphones take electric signals from your laptop (and other electronic devices) and turn them into sound. When plugging them in, or moving the plug, you're interrupting said signals, resulting in irregular crackling noises."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do corporations have to use the ® or the ™ symbols next to logos if they're already covered by copyright law? | [
"Trademarks must be actively protected. You can't just register one, then ignore it. Using these symbols is part of the active protection."
] | [
"The Trademark symbol (™) usually denotes a claim to the rights of a product name/brand, but it doesn't necessarily mean that the company has registered the mark with the appropriate government office (i.e. it basically means \"this is our name/brand, please don't use it or we may try and take legal action against ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Going back to college. CLEP tests, money, and dealing with nearly half my age. | [
"Some schools have programs specifically for adults returning to school. [Here's the one for my school.](_URL_0_) Don't try to deal with the kids. Most of the Education majors are too dumb to live. Find the people that want to succeed in each class and be sure they are part of your group projects. Spend the rest o... | [
"Not a whole lot, but your paying for the degree, not the classes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
how come my phone can act as a hotspot for mobile internet but not wifi | [
"Effectively, what you're talking about there is using your phone as a type of router - which is pretty much what it does when it's in use as a hotspot. A router transfers traffic between two or more network interfaces - in the case of your phone as a hotspot, it uses the mobile interface (i.e. the one that connect... | [
"There will be a router on the bus that has a mobile data connection instead of a cable/dsl connection. Just like how you can use most phones as a mobile hotspot."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Sports Betting Works | [
"This week, a sample game is \"San Francisco -4.5 NY Giants 44.5\". You can make four different bets based on that line: Bet $110 to win $100 if San Francisco beats the Giants by 5 or more points. Bet $110 to win $100 if either the Giants beat San Francisco, or the Giants lose to San Francisco by 4 points or less. ... | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why do black people have extremely curly hair? | [
"Straight hair that lies flat tends to hold in heat. That's an advantage in cold climates. Curly hair allows heat to escape while still providing protection from the sun to the skin underneath. That's an advantage in hot climates. Melanin in skin (the part that makes it dark) tends to block what's needed to make vi... | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Biology:"
} |
Why are Jewish people defined by religion rather than race? Serious | [
"Jewish refers to both a religion and an ethnicity. Jews from Europe and Jews from the Middle East actually turn out to be very genetically similar, while being dissimilar to other Europeans or Middle Easterners. They share common ancestry in the original Israelite tribes of a few thousand years ago. Not all religi... | [
"Because Hitler didn't care what people *believed*. You are Jewish because of your parents, not by following religious practices. You are *born* Jewish."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about History:"
} |
The logic/science behind "drafting" in racing games (Following behind a car to gain more speed) | [
"When a car is moving, it experiences drag force, or air resistance. This is why fast cars are more aerodynamic, meaning they reduce air resistance. When another car is right behind a car experiencing this drag force, the subsequent drag force is less, since the air, which causes air resistance, is being pushed up ... | [
"The power isn't nececarily for speed, it is mainly for accelleration (so you pull up faster). (Except for germany, where there is no speed limit)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the "36-books-for-1" scheme work? | [
"It's a [pyramid scheme](_URL_0_), and therefore a scam. Though the early adopters *might* get their books, it's damned near certain that no one else will. EDIT: By the time you're around a dozen levels deep, there are more books owed than there are people on Earth."
] | [
"To get you to spend $29.95 on their \"work from home\" information package."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there racism toward white people? | [
"If you define racism as acting biased against an individual simply due to their race, yes, it does happen. It may not be institutionalized nor prevalent as with racism against non-whites, but it does happen."
] | [
"Are you saying we should be more racist towards cats?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do shows like south park and family guy get away with openly making fun of famous people | [
"It's not illegal to make fun of someone."
] | [
"This is not limited to games, when was the last time you saw a nude person on Sesame Street? People want to shelter their kids from the world and then throw them into head first when they turn 18. This is why therapists are so popular these days."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do dogs all over the world behave exactly the same? | [
"Just like how humans all act relatively similar, all dogs act relatively similar. Ofcourse just like people, dogs can behave differently to others. But the basic, 'bark' 'eat' 'wag tail' are all instinctual traits. They're hard wired and if you're a dog, you'll do these things uncontrollably."
] | [
"For the same reason if a dog tried to make you comfortable according to their standards you'd probably protest."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do most cameras have a lower limit for ISO that is ISO100? | [
"The signal coming off the sensor has a certain noise figure. The ISO setting adjusts how much this signal is amplified before being digitised but there's a limit in the range of this amplification. If you allowed, a minimum setting of say, ISO50 instead of ISO100, that would increase the amount of noise being digi... | [
"Because you need to quickly drain all the sensor pixels to black and get ready for the next picture. Mechanical shutter allows for better signal to noise ratio (better image quality) at acceptable price point in APS-C and bigger sized sensors, especially when shooting in bursts."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain traits like skin color and hair type mix when passed to a child but things like eye color and other things don't? | [
"Genetics aren't just determined by dominant and recessive traits. Things like hair and skin color show incomplete dominance, in which both traits are \"dominant\" and the resulting combination of the 2 traits results in a mixture of the parental traits. Even eye color shows incomplete dominance to a degree but it ... | [
"\"Strong\" and \"Weak\" are poor terms for this. \"Dominant\" and \"Recessive\" are more accurate. Remember 8th grade biology with those Punnett Squares? Some traits are \"dominant\" which means that they tend to show up if someone has them. Other's are recessive which means they tend not to show up as much since ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why exactly aren't British people allowed to have guns (Please feel free to clarify it) | [
"We don't really want guns. We don't really want any weapon! We just want to drink tea all day and moan about the weather."
] | [
"I'm not American, and I think you guys should care *more* about the Constitution, not less."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do those FBI internet scams work where they freeze your entire browser? | [
"Browsers have built in features for saving user inputted text. For example, if i write out this comment without submitting and i try to leave the page or hit the back button, chrome will ask me if I really want to leave the page. This is so i don't lose my post or other work by inadvertently pressing the wrong but... | [
"The people don't make money off the adds themselves. They make money when say your typical 70 year old grandma or 5 year old kid click on the ad and download (and install) the program. Once installed these programs take all kinds of personal information (including credit card numbers) and can actually take control... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do some memories remain vivid in our memory and some memories are forgotten about? | [
"For good recall, memories need to be recalled. Huh? Memories are reinforced the more they are accessed. In fact, there's evidence that when you remember something, the memory is accessed and mostly erased, then re-written. If you don't access a memory, it tends to fade away. But accessing it will refresh it ... | [
"The brain actually has a very large portion dedicated to deciding exactly what we remember, and exactly what we do not. Our brains simply are not powerful enough to remember everything in detail all the time without long term consequences. We see and hear a lot, but it is only a faction that makes it into our sho... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Cognitive psychology:"
} |
How do astronomers find planets beyond our solar system and so far away? | [
"They examine the light from stars. The gravity of a large planet orbiting a star may cause the star to wobble slightly. Or when a planet transits between the star and us, we can see the light of the star become slightly dimmer and the frequency of the wavelengths of light may change if some of the light passes thr... | [
"Not every single one, but the vast majority. Some are planets in our solar system, some are other solar system bodies like asteroids or comets, or even satellites we put up. A rare few are actually galaxies that are bright enough or near enough to be visible. Also not every star has planets, but we're learning now... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does it say "cleans 99.9% of germs" on sanitizers? If it would be false advertising for 100%, what would be the case for 99.9% | [
"Because it kills 99/100 TYPES of germs. That 1% of germs are immune to their particular brand of sanitation. That means if you have 1000 germs on a thing, the sanitizer will kill all 1000 of them, or maybe almost none of them - if that type of germ is of the 1% resistant breed. This is also why antibiotics and a... | [
"When you are talking about germs, it's important to consider orders of magnitude: If you get a little bit of poop on your finger after going to the bathroom, that little tiny smear has thousands of times more bacteria than the bacteria that was already on your hand. When you apply sanitizer you will get 3 - 5 Log ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Microbiology:"
} |
I learn that there's billions of meteorite in space, so why we didn't have another Earth-impact for the past 65M years? | [
"Over the whole surface area of Earth, 18,000 to 84,000 meteorites bigger than 10 grams enter our atmosphere per year."
] | [
"We base it on earth-time. So a planet may have existed for only, i dunno, 8 million of that planet's years. But with earth years, it's been there for 1 billion years."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Astronomy:"
} |
Why doesn't the die size in a GPU/CPU chip get increased for high-end chips to allow more components in the chip? | [
"One major problem is that your chip needs to be synchronized (i.e. your signal must be able to go through the whole chip in once clock cycle). And if your chip runs at a few hundred mhz your signal only can go so far. Considering the connections in your chip are not straight, there is a hard limit if you want to m... | [
"Usually these cores are physically destroyed. They are disabled because they were found to be defective or not perform in the same temperature and voltage range as other cores on the same unit. Re activation, if possible, would likely result in errors due to overheating, or even damage to the rest of the chipset. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
given the growing consensus on climate change - why has there not been an adverse impact on real estate proprotities prices in costal areas? | [
"Even fairly aggressive climate change models don't predict huge disruptions for the next century or so. Most people don't care very much if the house they buy now will be in good shape for their grandchildren."
] | [
"A few notes ill touch on and others can fill in greater details. One thing is that the EU set a fairly high bar for entry in terms of government, economic stability, and shared human rights values. The African union contains every African country except morocco. That is more than 50 countries (the eu has roughly h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why Japanese people have problems with L/R letters? | [
"They have no real L in their vocabulary. It's similar to how Hispanics say Tree instead of Three. Because the concept of the sound Th makes isn't there. Same goes for Japan. This is a dumb down version of the real answer, but someone else will do that."
] | [
"Relevant/expansion to the question: Why do we make noises when we feel pleasure in general? And pain?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
the difference between synchronous and asynchronous communications | [
"Synchronous \"Existing or occurring at the same time.\" Synchronous communication happens at the same time, like a phone call. Asynchronous communication happens at different times, like sending letters."
] | [
"Power consumption, caching, pipelining, multi-core and doing more in fewer clock cycles."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why Does a Computer Moniter Still Give Off Light When Displaying a Black Image? | [
"LCD displays have a backlight- without it, the display would be too dim to see. Even when the liquid crystals are as dark as they can get, a little bit of light from the backlight still shines through."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How the Canadian healthcare system works. | [
"When you are sick they make you better. In order to do this they make everyone in Canada pay your bill instead of making you pay it yourself. This probably doesn't matter for most people who rarely get sick or have relatively cheap illnesses. But for people with Leukemia who can't afford their treatment and thing... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why does a blank CD only hold 80 min of music when it can hold 700mb of files? | [
"When you burn an audio cd that can be played in a normal CD player, the audio files are not compressed. 80 min of uncompressed music is 700MB. MP3's are compressed files. They remove some data to make the file sizes smaller. But to play MP3's your CD player needs to know how to decode MP3 data. That why not all C... | [
"The biggest difference, at least with games and CDs today, is that music comes on a different type of disc than games do. The discs that the Wii and Xbox 360 use can hold almost 7 times as much as a music cd! The PS3 uses discs that can hold more than *70* times as much! Another difference is how the music is stor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why don't aircraft jet engines have a little mesh net that keeps birds and other things from being caught in the engine? | [
"At the speed they fly, it's like being shot with a bird-sized cannonball. A mesh won't do anything other than add more shrapnel to the engine."
] | [
"It's all depends on where the collision occurs. A hit to the fuselage would probably just scratch it a little, considering how flimsy most commercial drones are. However, if it got sucked into the intake of the engine, then things may be a little problematic. Birds get sucked into jet engines from time to time, an... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
can you drink pee if you are dying of thirst, also, if you are starving can you eat poop. | [
"Both are bad ideas, just the poop is a worse idea than the pee. Eating poop will almost certainly make you vomit - the stomach cannot take large populations of e-coli bacteria - which will make you lose valuable water. If you are dehydrated, the little urine you do produce will already be saturated with waste prod... | [
"I guess you have never been really hungry. Not an insult I just mean humans do the same thing its just we can just feed our selves or drink water or something to stop the hunger before it gets to that point. As a former homeless dude I have been that hungry you start to drool and it burns in your belly till you ju... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does ramen keep you full for so long, when it's mostly just carbohydrates and fat? | [
"Unless you're eating a ton of ramen, it really shouldn't. They're simple carbs and are digested fairly quickly by your body. I was in Japan last year and ate ramen 2-3x a day (when in Rome, and those machines are fun!). At no point was I \"full\" and satiated as you're suggesting."
] | [
"Soup often has more dissolved fats and sugars than tea does, which makes you feel full. Tea is essentially water, so it has almost zero calories, whereas even a thin soup will consist of a broth (often meat or veggie based) and other ingredients, which has calories. Calories make you full."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did colour come to cinema before TV (For example, Dr. No was released in 1962 in colour but An Unearthly Child was in greyscale and released in 1963) | [
"It all comes down to transmission. To move a old black and white movie, you put a can of black and white film in a box and drove it to a theater, you then shined a light through it and it showed up on screen. To move an old color movie, you put a can of color film in a box and drove it to a theater, you then shi... | [
"Those dates sounded wrong, so I did some quick googling. Grave of the Fireflies and Akira were both 1988. Battle Royale was written then moviefied during the 90s."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The difference between a strait, sound, and a channel in geography | [
"A strait is a narrow connection, usually between two \"distinct\" bodies of water. For example, the Strait of Gibraltar connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic. A channel is usually much wider, and is usually defined as a body of water in and of itself. Often, the two bodies of water it connects are not c... | [
"Generally speaking, seas are bodies of salt water, which the great lakes are not. Seas are also generally considered to be bodies of water that are larger than lakes, but this distinction can be fuzzy, since there's no 'standardization' where a salt water lake becomes a salt water sea. Similar to the lack of a sha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do combined power sources on Cars and Bikes work with each other?(Electric bike example) | [
"Both are pushing the wheel around the axle at the same time. There's no problem with that. It's the same as if two people are pushing a stalled car. Whatever torque the motor is applying against the mounts (or mounts against the wheel, however you wanna look at it) is added to the torque applied by the gear casset... | [
"There's two ways, make each engine control a specific set of tires, or make both engines go through the same transfer case or transmission. If both engines are independent, the gas pedal will be linked to all the engines to theoretically provide the same output at the wheels. In practice, variations in each engine... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do you often hit a motivational wall before doing the last part of a task? | [
"I recently took a knitting class, and the teacher mentioned that this is really common problem for many knitters. Once the project is almost done, they lose motivation just finish up those last few rows and bind off. Her theory was that once you can actually see the thing you were trying to create, you get most of... | [
"What's the difference between asking you to do 8 hours of work today and tomorrow, or just 16 hours tomorrow? Digestion is work. Your body is facing undue stress if you pile on like that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why we get congested and snotty when we get emotional/cry? | [
"Emotions are older circuits in the brain/nervous system wiring plan. There's a lot of vasodilation that occurs in the face, sinuses. That causes swelling of the mucosa, hence the congestion. Now as to why that is, what's the evolutionary reasoning, I have no clue. Is it something that is vestigial from our mammali... | [
"I actually wake up a lot at night coughing if I'm sick."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is Kidz Bop able to make money off of covers, wouldn't that be an issue with copyright? | [
"They pay licensing fees to the original song writers. Copyright doesn't mean you can't make a copy, just that you need permission to make one."
] | [
"They don't use any modern songs, they use specific modern songs that they have permission to use (either by the generosity if the owner or by some type of deal struck) Also, happy birthday is in public domain now isn't it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do single celled beings "know" what they're supposed to do/"want" to do? | [
"I personally like to think of simpler life forms as like tiny computer programs. Their DNA is their \"source code,\" and the cell itself is the hardware it runs on. So a tiny cell 'knows' to avoid being eaten by larger cells because it's \"source code\" told it to build receptors on its cell membrane that are prog... | [
"> How are they really held accountable for making sure they do their job? Insects are closer to being biological machines than they are to being conscious entities. They almost certainly don't have a mind in the way that you or I think of that concept. They just do what they do mostly out of instinct. So they're n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How is it some foods can be smelt thru urine or sweat despite them being completely digested? | [
"There are chemicals that your body doesn't use and can't break down. You've gotten the nutrition from it that you can, and now the rest of it is being discarded. It doesn't make sense for your body to expend energy breaking these things down when there's no real benefit. Also, *throne."
] | [
"Your body handles the food the same way, it goes in your stomach and the acid and enzymes try to break it down, and then absorb the nutrients and get rid of the crap that's left over. The reason people don't consume uncooked food is because of the possibility of bad bacteria, viruses, or parasites being in/on it. ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why don't people scream in pain when shot? | [
"> Especially in movies Kinda killed the question right there with that bullet. Movies tell stories. They very very seldom are perfectly representative of reality, and that really applies to action films where people are shot, because those people blow up BMW's by kicking their fenders, or jump from fifty foot buil... | [
"That doesn't really happen much in real life. That's mostly for dramatic effect in movies and TV shows. In real life, cars don't really surge forward and fall back that way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How do roofing companies "eliminate" deductibles? | [
"It generally involves the roofer over charging the insurance or getting you to submit a fake receipt [here](_URL_1_) is an article (pdf) written by the bbb in Dallas because it has gotten that bad also [here](_URL_0_) is they blog write up, much easier read"
] | [
"They repair chips with a clear resin that sets in a vacuum with UV lights. They waive the deductible for the repair and charge your insurance company. Its a small kit to transport, and some companies have trucks ready at the shop to drive a new windshield out to the site for replacement. Your cost comes when the i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
I've heard that there are approximately 10^120 possible different chess games. How did they come up with this estimate? | [
"_URL_1_ It's a very very rough estimate based on two observations: 1. A typical game of chess lasts about 80 turns (40 moves by each player). 2. There are about 1000 options for each pair of moves (white move followed by black move). So if you have 40 pairs of moves, each of which with 10^3 options, you get 10^120... | [
"Take an ordinary die, and roll it twenty times. Since there are over 3000 *trillion* was to do this, chances are your combination is unique, never seen before in the history of the universe. Snowflakes work the same way...there are more possible snowflake shapes than atoms in the universe. A little math will show ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are most homeless people guys ? | [
"One contributing factor may be that women, especially women with children, tend to get some priority when it comes to shelters and housing programs."
] | [
"Nobody talks about the ones that become janitors."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
What is the difference between horsepower (hp) and brake horsepower (bhp)? | [
"Horsepower is the power you observe, and the net output horsepower of the vehicle. Brake horsepower is the power that the engine is capable of producing, if some of it was not lost due to friction, inefficiencies, etc."
] | [
"A horsepower is just a traditional unit of energy, based originally on how much work an English miniature horse could do in pulling a mining cart. In modern units, 1 horsepower = 0.7457 kilowatts or 745.7 Watts. Some countries now use kilowatts instead of horsepower when describing engines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can printer ink prices (3.000 times higher than gasoline) be such an active and well known topic without anything changing? | [
"Because printer companies gouging people for their product isn't a conspiracy. Competition is constrained because the only people who can make printer cartridges for specific printers are the ones who make the printers."
] | [
"Nope, simply because wages in these industries are not the driving cost factor. Just the rent is a way bigger factor for good locations."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Economics:"
} |
Why do some "believers" pass out when being preached / "cured" by evangelist preachers? | [
"Have you read Elmer Gantry by Sinclair Lewis? Solid gold and it's about an evangelical preacher/conman. Lewis mentions a few tricks used to make the revival experience more \"authentic\" but I can't remember any off the top of my head except the hired actors. I also believe part of it is just people wanting to bel... | [
"Which \"magicians\" are you referring to? The court-magicians of the Pharaoh in Exodus (Exod 7.22)? The witch of Endor (1 Sam 28)? The \"magi\" in Luke's nativity? Or are you wondering more generally about historical practitioners of magic (inc. wonder-workers, exorcists, healers, etc.) during the Biblical period?... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What exactly is happening in the spine when you stretch/crack your back? | [
"Scientists explain that synovial fluid present in your joints acts as a lubricant. The fluid contains the gases oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. When you pop or crack a joint, you stretch the joint capsule. Gas is rapidly released, which forms bubbles. In order to crack the same knuckle again, you have to wai... | [
"Simple acute muscle spasm, basically when you spend prolonged time in one position the muscles in your neck can tighten up and cause significant pain. Nothing at all to worry about, just move your neck around a bit and wait for it to calm down. Source: licensed physical therapist"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
what does "undetectable" mean for an HIV positive person? | [
"it means their viral load is so low it cannot be detected by current tests. They are still HIV positive, but the disease is in check, and their risk of infecting someone else is significantly lower, but never eliminated."
] | [
"HIV MD here. The simpliest reason is in 2016, I can treat your HIV with 1 pill with almost no side effects. We just need to identify all those with HIV and try to reduce the stigma around the disease so more people get treated."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are there still people living without fresh water? | [
"The issue isn't that people have no water, but that people don't have access to potable water that's safe to drink, and more usual that people don't have access to water to irrigate their land. In most of these scenarios, the issue is actually with sanitization - the [Haiti Cholera Outbreak](_URL_0_) was spread by... | [
"Because in a lot of places, like where I live, there is literally not an alternative to Comcast."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why does our face, especially the nose and forehead get oily but other body parts like your knees don't? | [
"Our faces are very porous- little holes from where hair used to be. While cells on our face stopped making hair (at least some of them), some of those oils are still being made; the oil isn't soaked up- and there is a lot more being made compared to our knees. Also the sun stimulates production of these oils. On... | [
"Everything contributes to acne, but the cause of pimples is things like sweat, dead skin cells, \"skin grease\", and bacteria clogging up your pores. These clogged pores then become infected and inflamed, which is a pimple. The reason your back gets them more often than say, your arms, is due to a number of reason... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why does the sun appear to move much faster when it sets than during the rest of the day? | [
"Your brain doesn't understand that the sky is round. It perceives it more as a giant room, with the walls very far away, and a level ceiling connecting them. The sun and moon are about the same size and move at about the same speed no matter where they are in the sky. When the sun or moon is above us, we perceive ... | [
"> How can the moon be clearly visible in the sky at 1 in the afternoon? The earth rotates under the moon once every 24 hours, causing it to rise and set just like the sun. But the moon also orbits the earth once every 27 days, so it rises and sets a bit later each day such that, after 27 days, it has \"wrapped ar... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do developers make some games console-exclusive? | [
"**Cost:** Consoles require licenses and development kits to develop for. Along with the time and effort required to port a game to another console, it may not be affordable/worth it for some studios. **Exclusivity deals:** The creator of the console could pay the developers to only release a game for their console... | [
"It's not considered superior, it's just a preference, much like how people have a preference for PS4 or Xbox One. Mac DOES have reeeeaaally good edited programs, to be fair"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about videogame development:",
"pos": "Represent the document about videogame development:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why so many lamps require two turns to either turn them on or off as opposed to one. | [
"So it will work with a [3-way light bulb](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"The lamp you're using is a three setting lamp, but you've put a single setting bulb in it, and it only works on the middle setting. Get a three setting light bulb and it should work properly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Electrical engineering:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Electrical engineering:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Electrical engineering:"
} |
How does Buzzfeed get away legally by posting .gifs from movies/sports/tv shows when that is all copyrighted source material. | [
"Fair Use provisions allow you to incorporate parts of copyrighted work (e.g. short video clips / GIFs) for purposes of critical review, journalism / news reporting, parody/satire and for certain other uses without seeking explicit permission. This protection can be afforded even in the case of commercial distribut... | [
"The Stop Online Piracy Act. Basically it is an act that forbids internet users from using content under copyright. EVERYTHING under copyright. Music, video game footage, everything."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
"You need permission to perform this action" in Windows 7 | [
"User Account Control was put in by microsoft to try to dissuade people from mindlessly installing programs that might have viruses. People ignore it, so it's just another step in the installation process that people rapidly click through. You can disable it in your control panels > user accounts settings."
] | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it good or bad to elevate feet/legs when sleeping? | [
"No scientist here, but I believe it helps blood flow. Good, because it helps any pooled blood or fluid, that winds up in the feet during the day, drain towards the heart. Most likely bad if you don't have a circulatory issue and may cause cold or numbness for lack of flow."
] | [
"It has various uses and benefits. - It can help to stabilize a loose knee joint. - It can reduce sagging if you have big boobs or are overweight. - It can prevent blood build-up in your legs if you are required to sit still for a long time or have circulatory problems."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are FM stations limited to the range of 88 to 108? | [
"That's simply the range allocated by the FCC for FM radio in the USA. [Radio spectrum](_URL_0_) is a valuable public resource. Probably one of the most useful things the FCC does is manage the allocations to the various different uses."
] | [
"Assuming you are in a car going 100 MPH, that's about 45 m/s. The radio wave is travelling at about 300,000,000 m/s, so the doppler shift will be about 0.000015%. For a station centered at 100 MHz, that's a frequency differential of 0.000015 MHz, or 0.015 KHz. Hardly worth worrying about. Of course, things chan... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why don't streaming media devices (Roku, Chromecast, Apple tv, etc...) have antenna capabilities to allow us to get local live television stations? | [
"- Indoor antennae suck. - Compact antennae suck even more. You want a large one which would make the unit far uglier. - They're designed to be plugged into TVs which can take their own aerials."
] | [
"If the TVs have different sources, it's possible. Networks send their feeds to the cable/satellite company/local network, who then send the signal out to the receiver/antenna. If one is connected via antenna and one is connected via cable, it's entirely possible for one to be a few seconds behind another."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do some people put their windshield wipers "up" when it is going to snow/ice? | [
"Both. The snow and ice can be hard to get out of the space between the wiper and your hood, and when you're scraping it out you can easily tear the rubber off the blade if it's glued to the windshield with ice."
] | [
"Actually it's most humid WHILE it's raining. The air has so much water in it that some people even use umbrellas or stay indoors completely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if a smoker goes in to a coma for long enough, do they wake up without nicotine addiction? | [
"Baseline physical addiction would be gone. However, the person would still have habitual cravings (eg, always having a smoke before work. After work. etc). Addition has several levels to it. Many \"hard drugs\" are addictive to the point where the body relies on it to function. Smoking tobacco only mildly has this... | [
"If you got enough nicotine a regular enough basis from second-hand smoke(which is unlikely) to develop a dependancy, you might get nicotine cravings, but you wouldn't associate the feeling with actually smoking a cigarette, so you'd just experience a brief, unrecognizable feeling of discomfort."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference between absurdism and existentialism? | [
"Absurdism is about the idea that humans will attempt to find meaning in life and the universe, but never really can because there is no meaning to any of it. But humans will keep trying even then. Existentialism says there is no inherent meaning in life or the universe, but humans are able to find or create their ... | [
"Google it and get the following (imo, very satisfactory) answer: An existential crisis is a moment at which an individual questions the very foundations of their life: whether their life has any meaning, purpose or value. This issue of the meaning and purpose of existence is the topic of the philosophical school o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't South Carolina citizens call for a vote to remove the confederate flag? | [
"Illinois allows constituent initiated ballot initiatives. South Carolina does not. In SC only the legislature can initiate ballot measures. If South Carolina residents want their government to change their behavior they'll need to elect people who want to change their behavior. There's a map about it here: _URL_0_... | [
"Who is going to pass the constitutional amendment to limit congressional terms? Congress?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we accidentally bite our tongues? | [
"Think of it the other way around. You are constantly moving your tongue, without seeing it, around a pair of constantly working scissors. Your body potentially has a whole suite of neurons designed to match opening your jaw with the tongue being able to move forward, and retreating as your jaw closes. But nothing ... | [
"Do you also cough when eating popsicles and frankfurters/hot dogs? If so, it might be your technique."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do lawyers have access to so much information about people involved in a case and does the regular citizen have access to the same information at any given time? | [
"Lawyers involved in a court case have access to an extremely powerful process called \"discovery.\" The lawsuit has to pass the first test, the court deciding that the plaintiff's claim is remotely plausible and would be against the law if proven true. Then, the parties can demand information from each other and u... | [
"police budgets are paid for by tax dollars and subject to open their documents for transparency. police and legal proceedings are a matter of public record. anyone can go request public records."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do languages have irregular verbs and pronunciations? | [
"Language evolution is largely arbitrary. The pronunciation depends on the origin of the word. English had been a rapidly evolving language and various words are being pronounced with their mother language in mind. (Such as faux, from french). Spanish also has a similar situation. So, it has similar issues. If you ... | [
"Mete, meat and meet are all pronounced the same way The short answer to your question is that the English language has as many exceptions as it has rules for spelling and pronunciation."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
ELI5:Why is it hard to pee when erect | [
"Because when you are erect there is a muscle that closes off the tube to your bladder precisely because we don't want pee in our spunk. When your little buddy finally relaxes, so too does the muscle."
] | [
"An Eli5 was like this before, Essentially you have less control over your emotions the more sleep deprived you are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Psychology:"
} |
what the US Marines are and how they're different from the army. | [
"Marines are a part of the Navy, historically they support naval operations, i.e. capturing key parts of the coastline, exploring and specializing in amphibious assault. That is why in space epics and video games they are always space marines."
] | [
"Delta Force is a special mission unit of the US Army. SEAL Team Six is a component of the Joint Special Operations Command which is from the US Navy. They exist separately because they belong to different branches of the armed forces of the US. Why exactly the people who carry guns on the ground are different from... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
In its natural habitat away from humans, what is the use/purpose of a parrot repeating a noise it hears? | [
"Parrots are social and intelligent. Researchers are starting to learn that parrots in the wild form tribes and each tribe has it's own language or dialect. Like humans, the parrot chicks are not born able to speak the language and learn from the parents and other family members. I have a conure and a ciaque who g... | [
"That is what they are adapted to do. It is like asking how fish can swim all the time or how whales can hold their breath for so long. The stress of being used for what they do isn't something difficult for nipples to do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can someone explain whether obesity is only present in humans or other mammals too have this disorder within their species? | [
"Other animals can get fat, too. Pets often become obese; lab animals can gain too much weight if their diets aren't carefully adjusted. Among wild animals, morbid obesity isn't particularly common, because animals that are too fat to run away from predators usually either lose weight or get eaten."
] | [
"Well, if there were a person who knew a good answer to that he'd be a rich person and probably a nobel price winner in Medicine. What we know is that people have different populations of gut bacteria and recent research seems to indicate that obese people tend to have different gut bacteria than people who manage... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
why advertisement videos on youtube stream instantly, but a video will only play for 5 seconds at a time. | [
"Basically they will dedicate more servers to hosting PAYING adverts, than a video of some random kid trying to eat cinnamon. If you download the extension \"Magic Actions for YouTube\" for Chrome, the video will continue to load when paused."
] | [
"The grey bar means nothing. Rather than loading the entire video for you to peruse through, youtube only loads a few seconds ahead of where you are to save on bandwidth because more often than not, the video is abandoned before it's watched."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
How/Why is it routine to see multi-million dollar bails when the 8th amendment plainly prohibits excessive bail? | [
"Excessive means in relation to the crime, not in relation to their ability to pay. Bail is insurance that you will show up to court on the dates you are supposed to. If you are required to show up for a traffic ticket, 1 million dollar bail is highly excessive, which is why your signature in the presence of the co... | [
"Because of the 4th amendment (rights against illegal search and seizure). More or less if it violates someone's constitutional rights regardless what it is it's not admissable."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are my fingernails no longer translucent once they grow off the tip? | [
"I'm sure you've heard about [tape over frosted glass](_URL_0_) trick right? Your nail is actually rough on the underside, especially with bits of dead skin still attached. The part of your nail that didn't grow out is firmly \"adhered\" to the nailbed so it appears translucent because the hydration provided by the... | [
"The crack is a weak point. As you move your body and put pressure on that toe, the weak points keeps cracking. Try putting a thin dab of superglue on the toenail, and apply more as it wears out or if you see more damage. This will keep the sides of the crack from flexing and will hold the nail in one piece. Eventu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What happens in my brain when I remember something that I had previously forgotten? | [
"Nerve cells connect with each other via synapses. We know that these synaptic connections become stronger if the nerve cells are very active (fire often). The synapses become weaker if the nerve cells fire less often. This phenomenon is called synaptic plasticity. The theory is that if we memorize something, new s... | [
"The sense that you will remember something is a lie you tell yourself before you forget said thing."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why/how do rivers begin on mountain tops? | [
"It rains and snows up there. The rain, and the water from melting snow, run downhill."
] | [
"If I remember correctly, tectonic activity determines whether or not there will be mountains, but erosion does more to determine the shape of mountains."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does the requirement for a valid id to vote, only hurt Democrats? | [
"Its a demographics issues. The people who don't have those IDs disproportionately support democrats. For example African-Americans, students, the poor, Latinos etc."
] | [
"--All groups and viewpoints are represented in their full and proper proportion. --No problem of poverty or race reducing voter turnout. --Helps to prevent election and voting fraud -- election officials have to keep close track of who votes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did males come to believe that a woman "squirting" during sex was squirt juice and not urine??? | [
"You've got some, uh. Incomplete answers here. The whole Skene gland thing and female ejaculation is all well and good, but the thing is \"squirting\" is *insanely* exaggerated in porn. The crazy stuff in porn very likely *is* urine, since there's just no other source in the female (or any human) body that can sto... | [
"The clear ejaculate is urine. The white creamy ejaculate is urine with a little bit prostate specific antigen, which is excreted from the Skene glands, and other substances from the female prostate. Prostate specific antigen helps sperm swim better to increase the chances of a woman getting pregnant. We aren't sur... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When ants pick up dead ant bodies, are they taking them away to eat them, bringing them to the ant doctor, or going to bury them? | [
"I saw a program that briefly spoke to this question. There is a lower chamber of the ant hill to which ants are taken when they die, and I believe the ants harvest some of the decomposition chemicals from it. Not cannibalism, per se, but I think the bodies generate ammonia and other chemicals as they decompose, an... | [
"Ants leave a trail of chemical signals called pheremone wherever they go. There are a few different types of pheremone including one that tells other ants \"this way to yummy food\", so when an ant finds a food source, she will eat her fill and head back to the colony, leaving a chemical \"road\" for her sisters t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
I'm studying Nutrition as I type. Why can't food producers use Potassium Chloride (KCl) in food as "salt" instead of Sodium Chloride (NaCl)?? | [
"Potassium chloride and NaCl/KCl mixes are sold and marketed as \"salt substitute\" or \"salt lite\". Apparently it's like the difference between sugar and sugar substitutes: advocates claim that you can't tell the difference, but lots of people can tell the difference and prefer the unhealthy stuff. Apparently KCl... | [
"\"Table salt\" is generally accepted as being sodium chloride, but there are substitutes - potassium chloride for example. No sodium, still a salt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why the fock do I still have black bars on my widescreen tv?! | [
"Thanks. What is the point of selling me a widescreen tv that doesn't show movies properly? (animosity towards production / manufacturers, not you)."
] | [
"You mean when you start a new video? It's becomes HD every time I enter full screen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do self-driving cars manage large intersections with multiple traffic signals? | [
"If you have a quarter hour, I'd suggest you watch [this TED talk](_URL_0_) titled *How a driverless car sees the road.* Chris Urmson, the head of Google's driverless car program, talks about not just how the software deals with static events (stop signs, traffic signals), but also unexpected events (construction, ... | [
"I think roundabouts are fucking horrible, but people seem to like them. IMO, roundabouts trust more heavily on the good judgement of drivers to be able to merge into and out of traffic, whereas light just dictate exactly what to do at any given moment. This makes you less susceptible to minor accidents but enables... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
In the case of a deadly accident, how does the family of the deceased find out about it? | [
"Good detective work. My wife's sister died in a motorcycle accident in Toronto, Canada. She'd changed her name, and had been largely estranged from her family for decades. There was no family in her home town anymore. My wife changed her name and we live a long way from their home town in the US. Somehow that Cana... | [
"The execution will probably be cancelled just because there has been a serious disruption to procedure, and a serious safety breach. You want to make sure that problem is resolved before you put others at risk."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does it matter which way earphones/headphones go on your head? | [
"In the studio or broadcast where music is mixed some instruments are panned left or right. Following the l/r on you headphones preserves the intended left and right balance. Movies as well will sometimes pan things from side to side as you see things move across the screen. It would not seem correct to see somethi... | [
"You're sticking the earbuds in too far. They only need to go a little bit into your ears."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
Why do we laugh when we find something funny? Why does the body do what it does that produces laughter? | [
"First I am not a scientist or an expert. Second this is based off an argument by David Sloan Wilson, and has not been fully factually proven but is one hypothesis on why we laugh. So this might be too general, but from what I have learned is that laughter, or at least early forms of it were similar to alerting som... | [
"It's not seeing someone in pain that's funny, it's seeing how they got there. Most of our lives are pretty pain and accident free. When something happens that goes against what normally happens it's very novel and we tend to think novel things are funny. That's basically how jokes work as well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Psychology:"
} |
Why do some American stores have condoms on shelves with other pharmaceutical products, while others keep them behind the counter with cigarettes and such? | [
"The ones that have them behind the counter generally have them there because condoms are items that often get shoplifted. The ones that don't have them behind the counter might not have as much issue with shoplifting in that location, or they have other measures (cameras or how the stores is laid out) that help th... | [
"I'm not sure about other states but the pharmacy I work at in California has Plan B in the same aisle as condoms and lube. You can purchase it at the register just like any item. Stores with high theft may keep it in the pharmacy for loss protection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Angry Birds (and other apps) free on Android but it costs money for the iPhone? | [
"From what the the head of marketing at Rovio seems to be saying is that, he believes making it free with advertising will, and does, make him more money than a paid app does. He says that Rovio makes more money in a year from the free version on Android then the paid on iPhone. He also says that paid apps don't se... | [
"They have been replaced with freemium games. LITE usually meant a free trial version of a full paid app. Now, since there are in-app purchases, there really isn't a need for developers to make two separate apps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do black people tend to have deeper voices as opposed to white people? | [
"There's some [solid evidence](_URL_0_) that genetics plays a factor here. So, it's not unreasonable to say that it has to do with how the vocal chords and nose and so on tend to form. It's not a secret, after all, that different races have different typical nose shapes."
] | [
"Asian men are far less attractive to White women than Asian women are to White men."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Despite being Hoax, why Homeopathy is very popular in several European countries? | [
"For the same reason prayer is very popular in the US and South America compared to most of Western Europe. People genuinely want to believe it helps, in many cases so much that they don't care that it doesn't."
] | [
"Where do you mean? Europe? The US? Middle East? Africa? Eastern Asia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the difference between baking powder and baking soda? | [
"The top comment is correct, but in case it's too technical: Both baking powder and baking soda are used to create a rise in baked goods. The chemical reaction they cause makes bubbles that puff up the dough. Baking soda needs an acid added to the dough to make that reaction happen (like your grade school volcano).... | [
"Baking powder is a mixture that contains a weak base (sodium bicarbonate, aka baking soda) and a weak acid (tartaric acid, for example). When moistened, the acid and base react to produce carbon dioxide gas, which gets trapped in the product being baked, making it fluffy. So why is baking soda a separate thing? Be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why does the amount of regular shapes go from infinity to like 5 when making the jump from 2d to 3d | [
"The internal angles at any given vertex have to be less than 360 degrees (or else the shape is flat). Also at any given vertex, 3 or more faces are meeting. So the only combinations of 3+ regular polygons that have additive internal angles of less than 360 degrees are: 3 triangles (60x3), aka, Tetrahedron 4 triang... | [
"There is no easy way to visualize it but this video does a good job! _URL_0_ Edit: Just found a way toi visualize the 4 A point has 0 dimensions. A line segment is a 1 dimensional object bounded by 2 0-dimensional points. A square is a 2 dimensional object bounded by 4 1 dimensional lines. A cube is a 3 dimensiona... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference(s) between using debit and credit cards when purchasing something? | [
"With a debit card, you pay the seller directly from your bank account. With a credit card, your bank pays the seller. You pay back the bank later."
] | [
"Credit card companies charge a certain percentage of the total sale price every time a customer uses their card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How does Photo 51 show that DNA has a helical structure? | [
"Francis Crick wrote his thesis on how him and Watson were able to figure the structure of DNA out from this picture, so it isn't some easy answer. Basically the distances in between the bands on the radiograph, the distance and angle between the two arms of the X, and the intensity of the bands allowed Watson and ... | [
"DNA: A chain like molecule made of four different kinds of molecules (Nucleotides). The sequence of these different nucleotides works like a code. Gene: A section of the DNA that can be \"transcribed\" into an RNA. A gene starts with something called a promotor. That is a specific sequence of nucleotides that enz... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
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