query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Why aren't there good viruses? | [
"It could be argued that virii [aren't life at all](_URL_1_). I think the best explanation is this. A bacteria, like any other animal, can make copies of itself without necessarily having to hurt anything. A virus on the other hand needs to steal things from the person it is infecting in order to reproduce. This de... | [
"Are all of your electronic made by Apple?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why does food get freezer burn | [
"What's up dude. Master's in chemistry/ChemE background. I'm going to be dropping some science on you but in an understandable way. Air and moisture spoil everything, and I do mean everything. When the meat/food is not completely sealed, as in air/vacuum proofed, the air sucks the moisture out of the meet via an ox... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why is writing zeros (or 1s or random characters) one time not sufficient for formatting hard drives? | [
"Just to make sure, hard drives manufactured during this millenia are not vulnerable to this type of attack, and despite rewards offered for anyone pulling even proof of concept attack of this type, there has been no incident ever where data has been recovered by this sort of attack, even as proof of concept. Writi... | [
"I can't weigh in on all the complexities of data compression but there are some tricks you can do to reduce the size of a file. One trick I know of is symbolic replacement. A really dumbed-down example: Say you have a text file with the word \"progressive\" in it a thousand times. You could compress the size of th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do car commercials have disclaimers on the screen (such as "do not attempt stunt driving"), but movies are not required to even when they have obvious car product placements? | [
"The car is advertising a product, which means that a good chunk of what is being shown is factual/doable. The disclaimer is put there to tell the viewer that this is a stunt driver on a stunt course, and that you should attempt to imitate it; basically, that you shouldn't take what you see as something that can/sh... | [
"Usually the brands are censored on TV shows because the producers of the show either asked for the brand to pay for an endorsement op and they said no, or they don't want to piss off any brands that did endorse the show by putting another brand on for free. Plus there's always a risk that the brand owners may not ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
In real life, what would happen if someone gets "knocked out cold" with a frying pan, cartoon-style? | [
"Correct. A blow to the head severe enough to knock someone unconscious could potentially cause permanent brain injuries that leave someone in a vegetative state, severely disabled or even dead. Multiple blows in a short period of time (i.e. before you have fully recovered from the previous blow) greatly increase t... | [
"So, in movies, it's often super easy to knock people out easily, safely, and reliably. Heroes and villains use knocking people out as a quick way of incapacitating anybody temporarily. However, a quick pistol whip or a beer bottle smash to the head is, in reality, super dangerous. A beer bottle, especially, since ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Rand Paul not a popular presidential candidate? | [
"He was (relatively) popular before the race started. However,afterwards,he hasn't been doing anything to stick out.he isn't doing anything bad,but he's also not doing anything to get any media attention,at all. He also has to compete with candidates like Trump who are \"anti government\" (massively simplifying tha... | [
"Basically, Hillary Clinton made it very clear that she was running for president, so most of the Democrats decided that there was no chance of competing against a former First Lady, State Senator, and Secretary of State. Bernie Sanders is the only one who really felt that he stood a chance and should compete again... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The controversy of the Bali 9 case, specifically Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran | [
"Now I'm no expert, but there seems to be two main issues which make this case controversial. Firstly, the United Nations considers the death penalty to be a violation of human rights. Not only that, but if the death penalty is applied, the UN believe it should be reserved for the most serious crimes. These involv... | [
"Not to mention the award of his Medal of Honor to MacArthur."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why doesn't Canada get the same music services as the States? | [
"The station might have agreements for label branches in the US but not branches in other countries for whatever reason."
] | [
"I'm not sure if this exclusively a US thing. We get plenty of stories like this in the UK."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why would erasing everyone's debt be a bad thing for the economy? | [
"One man's debt is another man's investment. People retired on bonds and stock funds (which hold a lot of financial company stocks) for example... their life savings would be wiped out if other people's debt was forgiven. It might also be bad for the common man going forward... why would I loan you money for a hou... | [
"You can't file bankruptcy on student debt. It's good for the banks, not you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
As a citizen of the U.S. how can I move to the U.K. without working? | [
"If you have money to support yourself you still need to convince a immigration official you'll not be working. But you can leave the uk and apply for another visa just by going to say Eire or France say I believe. I suppose the question is what is it you'll be doing in the uk? As a musician I see no reason why a ... | [
"An EU citizen is a citizen of any country that is a member of the EU. A feature of the EU is that any citizen of any country in the EU can move to any other country in the EU. Think of it like moving from Kansas to Florida, it's supposed to be that easy. Now that the UK is no longer in the EU (or won't be in the n... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is life like for people in ultra-rural places in rich, developed countries, e.g. Australia, Canada, Norway? Do they still have a high quality of life? Do they have things like electricity, and running water? | [
"From my experience (Alberta, Canada) most properties have wells so water isn't an issue. And generally all have power. However, I live on an acreage twenty minutes out of the city but I have to haul water with a truck and water tank. Which is a bitch."
] | [
"If you are going to flee your country, would you flee to some place that has universal healthcare and programs for immigrants or would you flee to someplace where the annual salary is $200 per year, no healthcare and no sewers? Also, most Asian countries are not as friendly to foreigners moving there without money... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
why can I move my ears? Is there an evolutionary reason behind it? | [
"My best guess it's exactly for focusing on sounds around you. Leftover muscle from the good old times when we needed to be careful with clever dinosaurs that prowled on us. I can wiggle them independently too. When there's music, I wiggle them in the beat, along with my eyebrows and nose. I can also move my scalp... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and wellness:"
} |
If the theory that the Moon is created from asteroid and Earth collision, why does the Moon reflect sunlight and the Earth doesn't? | [
"The earth does reflect sunlight! How do you think astronauts take all those [nice pictures of earth from space](_URL_0_)?"
] | [
"Because the sun also has gravity so objects also orbit the sun so even if it leaves earth's orbit it still orbits the sun"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Science and Technology:"
} |
Many American football players have brain diseases in their old age because they have so many concussions during their career. Why don't rugby players, who don't wear helmets, have this problem? | [
"Because American Football players wear helmets and protective armor, they regularly crash into each other way more violently than rugby players would, leading to the apparently paradoxical effect that football players' \"protection\" actually make the sport more dangerous. In a similar case, the introduction of s... | [
"I don't understand your question. Professional fighting is a legitimate sport and the necessary precautions are taken so the fighters don't get seriously injured. Sometimes they do, but that's no different from other sports. In fact, fighting is a relatively safe sport. Basketball, soccer, ice hockey and football ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
The economics of cemeteries | [
"I can't say this is true in 100% of cases but most cemeteries are managed by churches which makes them free of taxes. The only real expense is landscaping (very very few cemeteries have any security beyond maybe a fence) which is covered by the regular donations the church collects from those who attend. Typicall... | [
"How do you define your hints of schizophrenia?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do the tax loopholes used by the mega rich actually work? | [
"You just click \"loophole\" on TurboTax. If your income is high enough on your W2, your tax return doubles. Really though, loopholes are varied and often not well-known. If they were, they'd get closed or abused by more people. They're just ways to get income reclassified so that it is no longer a taxable source. ... | [
"The problem is not that the top need to be taxed more, the problem is the legal loopholes that mean they can easily avoid taxes. If the loopholes were closed and they paid the same 30 some percent I paid then that would really help."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Where do the children of the POTUS go to school? | [
"The Clinton and Obama kids went to Sidwell Friends school in DC. Which is a private school. There is no requirement or provision for the president's children for schooling. They can go wherever."
] | [
"Uh, where do you expect them to go?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If heat rises, then why does it get colder as you get higher on mountains? | [
"Because air expands as it reaches areas of less pressure (altitude), and expanding air cools down. Changes in heat with pressure are exactly how air conditioners, fridges, etc work. They compress \"air\" (actually a special chemical) so it gets hot, dump the heat outside where it isn't wanted, then let it expand a... | [
"Putting the fan on you causes a breeze which cools you down. Pointing the fan out is blowing the hot air out, thereby causing negative air pressure inside the house and forcing fresh air to flow in. So, if it is hotter outside than in, point your fan at you. If it is hotter inside than out, point your fan out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are smartphones getting thinner and thinner? | [
"The market has said that all else held equal, they want thinner phones over doubled battery life. Every phone has to have some sales niche. Some will be designed favoring battery life over thickness, others will be extremely thin and lightweight. Tablets can be phones too if you're looking for maximum utility ove... | [
"Apple and Samsung aren't suing each other for making cell phones that taste the same."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How is FM radio still thriving as much as it supposedly is as a media source? | [
"It's possible but the radio is also an easy way to hear new music. Some people don't want to decide which music to listen to or go out searching for a podcast, most morning radio shows have some music but also a talk show, which is a great way to get news. Add on that radio is free and many blue collar shops (mech... | [
"In the UK there has been a massive drop in new content, recycling is much more common than even 10yrs ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can you explain the fundamentals of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies? | [
"i recently found this video explaining the topic in great detail but relatively easy to follow: _URL_0_ maybe not exactly ELI**5** but still..."
] | [
"I think you mean Dogecoin. If that is the case, Dogecoin is a parody of Bitcoin and does not intend to be taken seriously."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Emulation and why it takes more power than native applications. | [
"Think of it like your computer's acting a role instead of being itself. If I had you act like Winston Churchill in every interaction in your life, you'd have to slow down and think before you speak as well (or you'd just start making mistakes, but computers don't make mistakes). In more technical terms, when it's ... | [
"Hardware is faster than software, which indicates the PS4 will have faster framerate than if it used software rendering."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does lighting(or electricity in general) know "the path of least resistance?" | [
"It doesnt know, its just in its nature to follow that path, if there was a bowl of water with 2 holes in it, one bigger than the other, more water will flow through the big one. Now the same thing happens with electricity it can go through all the paths, and it does, it just mostly goes through the path of the low... | [
"Non purified water is a wonderful conductor of electricity. electricity will follow the path of least resistance. In devices electricity is only supposed to go where it is designed to go. the water lets the electricity go places it shouldnt and the magic smoke escapes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When my leg falls asleep, why does it feel like I'm being electrocuted by the wrath of Zeus? | [
"your nerves are essentially disconnected from your brain, that is them \"reconnecting\""
] | [
"Sometimes it feels nice, does anybody know why it feels nice occasionally (Feels like a massage) and sometimes it feels nasty like somebody stabbing you with needles?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What causes body aches when fighting a fever? | [
"When you have the flu, your immune system diverts the white blood cells to fight off the flu virus, thus leaving your muscles and joints feeling sore and achy. ... This causes inflammation in muscles and joints, resulting in pain in a similar way to mild arthritis or rheumatism. Copied from Google. Either way I ho... | [
"That can be a symptom of dehydration, fungal infection, strep throat, and a few other illnesses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
If life started in salt water oceans, how do lakes all over the world have fish? | [
"> How did they get there, and where did they come from? Birds carry them, or their eggs. > Why would something become a land mammal only to somehow become a fish again? What, like whales and dolphins? Where did mammals come into it? Freshwater fish came from saltwater-fish ancestors. > Saltwater fish can't live ... | [
"We would have no tides, which would affect the oceans a great deal. As life began in the oceans, maybe the world would have no life at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Geology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Geology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are CASE tools in programming and how are they used | [
"CASE, Wow! Haven't heard that in a while Computer Aided Software Engineering. Back in the days when software was rarely properly designed, when it was, it was usually with a pen and paper on a spare piece of paper. Then someone came along and said, 'Let's use software to design our software!' and so we started usi... | [
"Computer Science is using computers to solve complex problems. This CAN include programming software, but that's not it's focus. It's main focus is more in math theory and using computers and algorithms to solve problems. Software Engineer is a person who writes software. There ARE some degrees called software eng... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why do websites need "mobile versions" of websites? Dont they work the same way? | [
"There are three types of mobile versions of websites, mobile apps, media queries, and mobile websites. Mobile apps would be ones that you download from Google Play or the App Store. Media queries are the same website but the server sends files that tell the browser how to render the page at specific window sizes. ... | [
"I work in digital marketing and in short the big thing about this is that it is a way of verifying that a website is 1) fast and 2) mobile responsive. If you use AMP it's a way for Google to know for sure that website is likely to be formatted and built in a way that is user-friendly for people on a mobile device.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
If a public company is owned by the shareholders, and a single shareholder owns more than 50 percent of the total stock, does that mean that a single person can control the company? | [
"That's not quite how buying shares work. There aren't infinite numbers of shares in each company - there are a set number. If a company has 100 shares, you can only buy 100 shares, not any more. But if you bought 51 of the 100 shares, you would almost completely control the company. You could make decisions, appo... | [
"> Why can one buy/sell \"share\" from companies? They are referred to as \"shares\" in plural but someone can buy a share or more *of* a company or *from* a company under different circumstances. Usually when purchasing a share of a company it is from other people who own said shares, and it is just what it sounds... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What keeps people who work at KFC/Coca-Cola from stealing a sample of their secret recipes, reverse engineering them, and then selling them? | [
"Not a huge amount, really. We already pretty much know what's in these products (I mean, with Coke, you can basically just read the label). The difficulty is only getting the exact formulation and mixing right. For most people, the prohibitive part of that is not knowing how it's done - it's having access to the k... | [
"Two major things at play: First is economy of scales. They are large corporations, which means they are able to order and produce their products in very large quantities, which drive down individual costs. Most of their production is heavily automated, allowing for reduced costs, for example. Secondly, the burgers... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If someone has, say, $20,000 in the bank and they get sentenced to life in prison, what happens to the money? | [
"It's not like being sentenced to life in prison means you're legally dead. The prisoner could just give/transfer the funds to whomever he chose. Or, they'll keep it for themselves in order to pay lawyers for appeals and the hope of someday getting parole."
] | [
"People usually pay significantly more due to interest than a loan is originally worth. This allows the relatively minor loss of money to be offset by the deceased's prior interest, as well as the interest of other debtors. It's not like the majority of the population dies with 100k debts on their shoulders. Also, ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are there ads on cable TV if I'm paying for it? | [
"To make it cheaper. Simply put we don't pay anywhere near enough to pay for the shows we watch"
] | [
"Netflix is about the same price per month as a premium cable station like HBO or Showtime. So, I am not sure why you think it's substantially cheaper. If you are comparing Netflix to cable service as a whole, remember that the cable bill includes getting the content to your house. Netflix doesn't cover that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Entertainment:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Entertainment:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do radio hosts have to periodically stop whatever they're doing to give a "station identification?" | [
"the FCC requires US radio stations to do \"station identification\" at the top of each hour, or as close to as practical while not interrupting programming in the case of NPR, it may be more of a branding thing, since the show is syndicated and NPR itself isn't the broadcaster, but the local radio station is _URL_... | [
"Because, if they did, there would be the same awkward pause between the field reporter's response and the next question. The only way around it is to edit the pauses out before putting the segment to air. But you can't do that live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How are rival companies allowed to slander each other in their commercials? | [
"Usually they say very vague things like \"unlike our competitors\" or \"unlike the leading brand\" instead of naming a competitor outright. That keeps them square as far as slander regulations go, as there's no way to know which competitors you're talking about."
] | [
"You can't flat out lie in commercials either. Its called false advertising."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How come when someone holds a door open for someone or multiple people they still feel inclined to touch / push on the door even though they aren't doing anything to it and it's already pushed open? | [
"It's a polite gesture to indicate that, should the person holding the door wish to pass on the responsibility, the person who's touched the open door will step in. A non-verbal way to say \"Thank you, you're free to walk onward now\" should they want to."
] | [
"I look at it like a person that is going to walk into a convince store. If someone is there and holds the door open for me I say \"thank you\". If no one is there to open the door I do not curse the man that should have been standing there for not opening a door for me. The door is an obstacle. The door was made b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why is "Latent Tuberculosis" not contagious? | [
"Just a couple of basic facts to lay out; Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacteria and this particular bacteria is one that naturally lives *inside* cells. This is in comparison to a bacteria like E Coli that forms colonies outside of cells. This is important because for something to be 'contagious' there nee... | [
"Yes, it can. In fact, the Human Papilloma Virus is one of the leading causes of Cervical Cancer in women. Viruses that lead to cancer are classed together as DNA or RNA Oncoviruses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a computer or phone keep time even when it's turned off? | [
"Computers have a tiny battery, the so-called bios battery for exactly that. It also keeps the bios alive."
] | [
"These devices are always \"waiting\" for the cue to turn on and be used, so they never really \"power off\" completely. Your laptop is waiting for the lid to open or the power button to get pressed, and your headphones are just waiting for a signal, so a tiny bit of power is getting used 100% of the time (unless t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:"
} |
Dialysis and How It Works | [
"The blood runs over a membrane which has holes small enough to allow the bad stuff to filter out but the good stuff to stay (e.g. blood cells). On the other side of the membrane is essentially water and salts in the ideal concentration for the body. The bad stuff flows from a higher concentration in the blood to t... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do viruses propagate between computers? | [
"As a concrete example, a PDF is an executed file. There's actual code in a PDF that needs to be run, unlike a text file where it's simply read and displayed. This means that when you open the PDF, the attached code could very well run, and if that code is malicious, then there goes your computer. Additionally thin... | [
"Viruses aren't considered living because they don't act the same way that living organisms do. * They have no energy metabolism * They do not react to stimuli * They do not grow * They do not reproduce on their own * They do not create waste products Antibiotics don't work, because antibiotics boost your immune s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Microbiology:"
} |
why does chewing gum help prevent ears from popping when flying? | [
"2 reasons: There is a tube that runs from the sinus cavities to the ear canal called the eustatian tube, and it equalizes pressure. So.. 1. Chewing gum helps move the jaw in a way that it opens this tube more. 2. Chewing gum increases saliva, which causes you to swallow more. Swallowing also helps open this tube."... | [
"What happens is that air pressure from your mouth wants to be equal to the pressure that is in your ear, so some air goes from your mouth through small canals into your ears and the pressure rises. This is also done (but backwards) when you are in an airplane and you \"yawn\" to make that weird feeling go away in ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and wellness:"
} |
- what is the purpose of Facebook posts like "Share if you think it's wrong that rhinos are being killed" or "Share if you know someone lost to cancer" Is someone making money? Or harvesting information? Or... what? | [
"I know for a lot of people it is pretty much like being a karma whore on Reddit. There is no real value except the satisfaction that people agree with and you feel the numbers are proof"
] | [
"OP, tell me all about yourself. Everything. Full name, Social Security Number, Bank Account Numbers, Credit Card Numbers, passwords to everything. Who if anyone do you have a crush on? What was the last lie you told? Why? How big is your penis? What time do you leave for work in the morning, and where exactly do y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do some people's personalities completely change when they are drunk? | [
"Alcohol basically has an anti anxiety effect. A person's level of anxiety is a huge part of their personality. Some people (I am one of them to an extent) are extra nice because they feel if they are even a bit rude, people would stop talking to them. Now, when one gets drunk, this filter disappears, and they lose... | [
"If you can hold your liquor, you can get quite drunk without it showing too much. If you are getting sick, acting like a dumbass, falling down, etc you do not hold your liquor well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why can't we take an even root of a negative number? | [
"Because there is no real number that, when multiplied by itself, results is a negative number. A positive number multiplied by itself is always a positive number. A negative number multiplied by itself is also always a positive number. Because mathematicians are a pragmatic bunch, they have devised a way to work ... | [
"Basically, because a lot of theorems and stuff break if 1 is considered a prime number."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Mathematics:"
} |
Why the US dollar has been subject to 768% inflation in fifty years ? | [
"Because inflation is good. Sort of. 700% sounds like a lot, but actually it's only about 4% each year. And that's not a lot. A few percentage of inflation is what most countries aim for, since this tend to make people more likely to invest."
] | [
"The US can, and sometimes does, devalue the dollar. But that comes with downsides as well as upsides. There's a time to devalue the dollar and a time to strengthen it based on the needs of the economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is a topological space? | [
"This question is kind of hard to answer without knowing your level of involvement in math. Could you shortly sum up what (if anything) you know about set theory?"
] | [
"Could you explain a bit more about your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can America be split so evenly between Republicans and Democrats? | [
"It's because the parties themselves are changing, every year, to ensure that they don't get left behind. As people who are moderate start to lean Democrat (for example) because of X issue or Y policy and the Democrats win an election, the Republican party starts to change its stance on those issues, swaying back s... | [
"There are more than two, but the other ‘major’ parties are very small, Libertarian, Green and Constitution and therefore have an almost zero chance of running the country. Similar to how UK politics are dominated by the Labour and Conservative parties. Generally speaking Democrats are left leaning and Republicans... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
what's the difference between quick nap dreaming, to dreaming we have in REM sleep? | [
"REM sleep dreaming is much more in-depth, because it comes from your subconscious. Those are dreams that last up to a few hours at a time, but we rarely remember in the morning. Light sleep dreaming (or \"nap\" dreaming, as you said) will come from your brain trying to make sense of its immediate environment, beca... | [
"If you're talking about the time you're in bed I think it's because your brain has way less information to proceed. Very low body posture to adjuste, supposedly no light/sounds or distraction of anykind. If you feel well at home no danger to monitor for. And so on. So basically more free brain power to use. I thin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Sleep and fatigue:"
} |
What does the IMF actually do? | [
"The IMF is there to make sure countries have enough money. So when a country signs a trade agreement (especially if they are a lesser developed country), the terms of the trade are usually denominated in a more developed countries currency (or the United States Dollar). If one country runs out of another country's... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How did humans get to North America if life started in Africa and there were no boats back then? | [
"They walked. You can ask from Africa into India, Asia and Europe. Back then there was a land bridge between Europe and North America at the Bering Straits. They walked over that and walked south. More interesting in the migration of humans to Australia 40K years ago. Also the migration from the southern China coa... | [
"The same reason why Kangaroos only exist naturally in Australia. they evolved on the American Continents after they separated from the other landmasses."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about history:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about history:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When traveling, why does the trip back home always feel so much shorter? | [
"Because the brain stores more information during periods of novelty and newness which stretches your perception of time. It's also why you store more memories on vacation than you do in your regular boring daily grind."
] | [
"You can always travel by boat to America. But, it would probably be a good idea to live somewhere else."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
why do humans feel depressed over lost relationships for years after they end | [
"That is a bit biased as not everyone does. But we are a social species who have evolved to survive together and a good way to do that is to encourage individuals to seek out friends/lovers whatever you mean and to hang out with them. IT increases your chance of survival since we humans cant really survive alone in... | [
"One cell in your brain makes a path to another one, and voila you have a scenario that you reference for the rest of your life, unless you dont use it often, then it deteriorates. I don't remember all the specific terms cuz its early in the morning. But i suppose that IS what I'd tell a five year old"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What does it mean to refinance a house? | [
"Most people take out a loan to buy a house and they use the house as collateral for the loan. This means that if you don't pay the loan, the bank can take the house and sell it to get its money back. These loans are called mortgages. They have certain terms, such as the interest rates and over how many years the l... | [
"The bank sends you money every month, depending on the terms you work out and based on what your house is worth. Then, the bank owns the house when the last person on the contract moves out or dies. Then they can sell it and get their money back. Hope that helps. And this isn't universal, but it's my general under... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why hasn't here been a new Age Of Empires game after AOE III? | [
"Ensemble Studios, the makers of the Age of Empires games, was shut down in 2009 after completing Halo Wars. Probably because of under performing sales and around that time, the RTS genre wasn't that popular, as opposed to the FPS games. Microsoft was probably more interested in the Xbox as well during that period ... | [
"Question for OP. Since I didn't see it in the post, is the game Imperator: Rome?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
Why did my flight not have a row 11? | [
"I've looked up the AA seating charts, and two of the Boeing 757 designs don't have a row 11, but they also are missing other rows: _URL_1_ This one is missing 6,7,8, and 11. 6-8 are missing due to the galley/bathroom, and 11 is missing because 9-10 are offset due to the exit row. _URL_0_ This one is missing 5-8 fo... | [
"This is done on regional planes that have 2x2 seating. B and E are middle seats. It has no middle seats. People might get upset if they saw \"Seat 5B\" on their boarding pass when they asked for an aisle, and then staff would have to explain it is 2x2 seating and you still have an aisle. So it's easier to just cal... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Hypothetically, if we were to wipe out every human being who currently has aids and every animal who has aids, will there be no more aids in the world ever again? | [
"With AIDS specifically, yes (Other diseases can survive outside of a host for too long to expect this to work though.). That is assuming no lab samples survived. This would require destroying many species of primate though, as many populations carry a very close (genetically speaking) virus without ill effect. So ... | [
"This may not be the whole answer, but lets take the example of polio. My parents and their parents and everybody who was alive the generation before me got the vaccine. Because the disease needs a host to live in, and we eliminated a viable host for it to thrive in (because everybody was given a medical concoction... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why unplugging and re-plugging fixes a modem/wireless router that has stopped connecting to the internet. | [
"It's called [power cycling.](_URL_0_) The longer a program runs the more likely it will be to run into an error and crash or hang. Power cycling works because it starts whatever software is inside the machine at its initial working state. It works so well and is so easy that this is the first thing that any tech s... | [
"It means you are connected to your router, so you can do things like file share to other computers on that network, but your router isn't connected to the Internet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do people from South Asia clean their bum with their hands instead of TP? | [
"They might ask why westerners simply wipe their butts with paper. If i smeared excrement on your arm, would you be satisfied just wiping it off with some paper? Additionally, in my experience in Thailand, Lao, Cambodia and Vietnam they used a handheld sprayer in combination with toilet paper. Though i do not doub... | [
"Related: I touch things all day with my hands, but hardly ever with my penis. Shouldn't I wash my hands before using the washroom instead of after, since my hands are so dirty and my penis is so clean?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
The Complicated Time Travel Question | [
"Seeing as time travel is impossible, all rules as to how it works are imaginary. You might as well ask what would happen if a dragon get stung by a bee. What happens is whatever you want to happen."
] | [
"Check out Robert E. May's *Manifest Destiny's Underworld*."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is Catholicism so much bigger on imagery (physical representations of God, Jesus, saints, etc) compared to other religions? | [
"Like some other people have said, most Christian sects and related religions (like Judaism and Islam) are largely against religious art, since they see it as a slippery slope to worshiping idols. The Catholic Church is different because during the middle ages, Western Europe had terribly low literacy rates, so pic... | [
"Mythology is part of religion. Zeus himself is not considered a myth, but a God. He still referred as a Greek God. However, the rituals (like animal sacrifice and festivals) are not considered part of the mythology, but part of the ancient Greek religion. Mythology is pretty much just the story parts. For example:... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
how does a numbing agent block pain but not pressure? | [
"Because the nerves responsible for pain are different than the ones that feels pressure. A numbing agent basically makes it so that the nerves responsible for sensing pain don’t fire any messages. But you’re nerves that sense pressure work differently so the numbing agent doesn’t work on it."
] | [
"Unless its a topical one (that is applied to the site) painkillers don't target pain, they target the system that links pain signals to the brain. So rather than stopping pain at the source, they just knock out a junction further up the line. Edit: Spelling/Grammar fixes"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why does the way one person drives affect passengers with sickness but not themselves? | [
"One of the causes of motion sickness is that your brain isn't able to match up experiences from different senses. If you're driving, you know when you're turning, braking, speeding up, etc, so your brain has already decided it's doing something and is carrying out that maneuver. If you're a passenger, you don't ha... | [
"The human brain has (as I understand it- could be wrong) a bit of an autopilot function. However, with this said, if the brain detects a problem, it pops out of it. That's the reason why you start paying attention just as the guy cuts you off, from what I understand."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why doesn't Reddit ban overtly racist subreddits dedicated to hate speech or the pedo subreddits? | [
"Well it looks to me that you don't want an ELI5 answer, this may be the wrong tread for you :)"
] | [
"/r/SRS - a subreddit of redditors dedicated to pointing out that they believe reddit to be a hive of racism, misogyny, homophobia, paedophilia, etc... /r/anticirclejerk - just trying to be edgy by opposing widely proffessed opinions around the main subreddits etc... Basically, these are \"meta\" subreddits - their... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does it take pressure AND time to make diamonds or other crystals instead of just pressure? | [
"Oh contraire. Doesn't necessarily take time, you can substitute time for heat and that's how you can synthetic diamonds."
] | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Chemistry:"
} |
If symptoms of a cold serve the function of ridding our body of the illness, then do cold medicines that reduce these symptoms slow our recovery? | [
"Yes. This has been proven in animal models and strongly suggested by human studies (it's difficult to find volunteers to deliberately get infected for study). From the Business Insider article [Your Cold Medicine Could Be Making Things Worse](_URL_0_): > In one study of people with the common cold, researchers fo... | [
"Generally kids have weaker immune systems than adults do. Symptoms of disease are sometimes products of the immune system fighting the infection. Since adults have stronger defenses against infectious diseases, adults will have worse and more apparent symptoms."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Medical:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Medical:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does every product that is made in china must be labeled as so? | [
"Country of origin labelling applies to anything imported into the US. Check your clothing tags for example. These labels are required by the FTC for the US, and serve for consumer information and trade reason. It can be both a positive or negative labelling. For manufactured goods, made in China is usually frowned... | [
"2 things come to mind. Former employees or contractors learned how to make the item while working at the original factory and now brought this know-how to a similar plant to make it themselves. Or the item is reverse-engineered/cloned and sold as a knock-off. Now the name: to avoid trouble (in China, not here) th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If I could measure my 3 year old's brain chemistry and then adjust mine using some future technology to match hers precisely, would I have her same amount of (seemingly endless) energy? | [
"Well, this is a pretty sophisticated question, but one issue that is important is dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine contributes towards energy and enthusiasm, and we lose like 11% of our dopamine receptors per decade of life. Take this with a grain of salt, I'm not a scientist. But with fewer dopamine rece... | [
"It's a stimulant; The last I checked, the jury was out on what exactly causes the ADHD brain to process stimulants differently, but they have an almost calming effect to a lot of us. Speaking not as a doctor, but just as another ADHD guy, the best way I could describe the sensation of taking Adderall for the first... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does bail work? Do you just pay to get out of prison and that's it? | [
"It gets you out of JAIL which is where you would otherwise stay leading up to and during your trial. It does not get you put of PRISON (important distinction) which is where you go if you are convicted and sentenced. You dont pay to get out of your crime. You pay to stay free until your verdict is reached in your ... | [
"When someone is arrested and waiting for a trial, they are sitting in jail. In the US system, people are innocent until proven guilty. This means that you could have an innocent person sitting in jail. Therefore you have the option of putting money down as a deposit for your release. Basically you're telling the c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Law and Criminal Justice:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why LFTR (Liquid Flouride-salts Thermal Reactor) are not used today? | [
"They are not used in America because this type of breeder reactor wasn't designed yet before the US banned nuclear power from all but it's Navy. If the US had allowed new plants to be researched and built then you'd see huge advances today (same reason that marijuana medical advances have skyrocketed in the last y... | [
"Thorium is a fuel. There is no such thing as a \"thorium reactor\". But there are many reactor types that can use thorium or are optimize for thorium like the LFTR, liquid flouride thorium reactor. It still uses the nuclear fission process to release energy, just like a conventional nuclear reactor."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why did soldiers in the 1800s put their ears to the ground to hear enemies approaching | [
"Because the shockwaves of the boots and wheels of approaching enemies travel further through the ground that the audible sound does through the air. Edit: The Wabes have been eradicated!"
] | [
"The Vietnam war was known for guerrilla tactics. Instead of your pals being shot and stabbed, you got to see them fall into spiked pits, impaled by spiked balls, crushed by log traps, etc. Not to mention the Vietcong could jump out of the trees and slaughter everyone at any moment."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
why do scientists so confidently equate modern GMO processes to centuries old vegetable-blending techniques? (e.g. neil degrasse tyson shutting down GMO questions by reminding us Cauliflower is man-made, etc) | [
"As of right now there's been no indication that GMOs are bad for you. It's also true that everything you buy at the store has been genetically modified by humans, and continues to be modified. It doesn't need to be bad, and can actually have some huge benefits. Almonds that aren't modified are poisonous, so that n... | [
"cant prove a negative, its logic 101. I could cite infinite evidence that they dont hurt people (I have about 6billion test subjects for decades, if not millenium) I say millenium because we've been \"modifying\" crops through selective breeding since agriculture was invented. Im not sure if a single peice of prod... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about science:"
} |
how the sewage system works and where does it go | [
"Depending on the country it can first go through a filtration system that removed many of the impurities before it is dumped back into local waterways, or it could just be dumped back into local waterways."
] | [
"Because the buildings are heated with steam that sometimes escape. We don't have that in Europe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why is it hard to read books, but easy to surf the web for hours? | [
"A constant term that pops around about why the internet is so entertaining is “instant feedback” or “instant gratification”, something among those lines. Essentially, browsing the internet and going on Facebook or Twitter gives immediate feedback and reward to small actions like simply clicking on an article or lo... | [
"Well, your brain knows what's interesting and fascinating to you so it's easy for it to interest and fascinate you in your dreams."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about Psychology:"
} |
Why are dogs intrigued with anything that smells bad? | [
"A dogs sense of smell is 1,000 to 10,000,000 more complex then humans. A human has about 5 million scent glands, compared to a dog, who has anywhere from 125 million to 300 million and the section of their brain for analyzing smells is 40 times larger despite their brain being 10% of the size. In effect dogs see ... | [
"Cats don't have a very sophisticated sense of taste. What they like is determined almost purely by smell. That's why anything that is oily and has a strong protein smell attracts cats (that's one of the reason they like ear wax. It apparently smells better than it tastes)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
The difference between watt, joules, and amps. | [
"These are units for different things. Amps (amperes) are a unit of current which is the rate at which charge flows. Joules are a unit of work or energy. Watts are a unit of power which is the rate at which energy is generated or consumed."
] | [
"A horsepower is just a traditional unit of energy, based originally on how much work an English miniature horse could do in pulling a mining cart. In modern units, 1 horsepower = 0.7457 kilowatts or 745.7 Watts. Some countries now use kilowatts instead of horsepower when describing engines."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How do shell corporations work? | [
"These answers are off a bit off. A shell corporation is a company that generally owns nothing and the only assets are either cash or intellectual property, so they are said to exist on paper only. The term 'shell' indicates that there is a facade only, but nothing on the inside. Shell companies can be used in vari... | [
"That's exactly how car insurance works. Can you clarify your question?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
[LI5] Why don't we have one universal language? | [
"It's difficult to work toward for a couple reason. 1.) It would require alot of people to learn different languages that they would not use in their daily life. For example in Afghanistan it is not uncommon for people to be illiterate and speak 3 different languages, none of which are English. 2.) Languages change... | [
"Why, when restored, don't they fix this then?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is butt slapping so prevalent in major league baseball? | [
"I think it's just an appreciative gesture. You know, I guess you get bored in the dug out too much with men. Not only baseball do it, American \"football\", bball as well"
] | [
"Because they're not allowed to use chewing tobacco in the dugouts anymore"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is breakfast "the most important meal of the day"? | [
"It's not, the slogan, \"Breakfast is the most important meal of the day,\" was invented in the mid 19th century by Seventh Day Adventists James Caleb Jackson and John Harvey Kellogg to sell their newly invented breakfast cereal food stuffs. Yes, *that* Kellogg. Then the bacon market jumped on that bandwagon, got 5... | [
"Is coffee the first thing you have in the morning when you get up? If so, you're pooping because there is a reflex that empties the bowels when you break your fast, to make room for the digestion of new food, but for the life of me, I can't remember what it's called. Source: 1st year physiology"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
how can I throw a water bottle and drop a water bottle at identical heights and they both reach the ground at the same time? | [
"They won't always hit the ground at the same time, but so long as you are throwing it neither towards or away from the ground, they will. This is because velocity and acceleration have direction. When you throw it, you are giving it velocity in the horizontal direction, but none in the vertical direction. Because ... | [
"In a resistance free environment, momentum and its direction will remain constant regardless of mass changes. Therefore, the object will continue on its previous path. Same principle as dropping an elephant and a penny from a height in an airtight environment for example. They will both accelerate at the same rate... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Physics:"
} |
The relationship between an IP address, Network address, Broadcast address, and ports. | [
"Network and Broadcast addresses are just specific predefined IP addresses, so I don't think it's necessary to try to think of them any differently. A broadcast address just means that the packet with that address is addressed to all the devices in that network. The broadcast address doesn't define the network. It'... | [
"The information is encapsulated in an IP packet containing the MAC address of the machine \"requesting\" the data. The wifi access point has a MAC address table mapping which IP address is associated with that MAC address."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:"
} |
Why are some car brands (like Toyota, Honda, etc.) so reliable, while other brands are not? | [
"AFAIK, Japanese manufacturers made their cars very reliable in order to cut down on costs of spare parts shipping to other parts of the world. They achieved that through, as it's mentioned before, rigirous quality control, and it payed off. They were also a bit more expensive due to shipping and quality control. O... | [
"People are buying crossovers more these days, so that's what manufacturers are making and selling. It's not so much push from the manufacturers as it is pull from consumers. But there are still good minivans out there. Honda Odyssey and Toyota Sienna are the gold standards, and still sell well."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is Dick short for Richard? Why is Dick even short for any name? | [
"What about Jim being a nickname for James. First of all, James is short enough, why does it need another one syllable nickname? I personally think Jim should be short for Jimothy."
] | [
"Smith is a person who makes things. Johnson is son of John, still an exceedingly popular first name. Jack is a variation of John."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do fish survive tall waterfalls? | [
"Couple things contribute. Fish are fairly small so they don't gather much kinetic energy. They're also shaped much more streamlined than most animals so they enter water much more smoothly and gracefully. The surface tension of the water, which is usually what would kill, say, a human, is broken by the water tumb... | [
"Their terminal velocity is low enough for them to survive the fall."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why aren't there big social movements anymore in the US, e.g., temperance, religious reformation, segregation, etc.? | [
"I suspect that it is easier to see the magnitude of a movement in history books, in which a great deal of irrelevant information is cleared away, rather than in the present, when it is simply part of a large, complicated world which no historian has yet sifted through, seeking the histories of those ideals which h... | [
"It shows that they disapprove of the way they've been treated by the reddit administrators. Kind of like sit-ins during the civil right's movement."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how a defense lawyer is able to change a speeding ticket into a non moving violation so that I don't get points on my record | [
"Criminal courts, especially for minor crimes and infractions, are super busy, and extremely backed up. Deals are made all the time to streamline the process. It's essentially a plea deal. Your lawer says \"He'll admit he's guilty if you drop this down\". And the DA agrees. You're happy because it doesn't go on you... | [
"Because the tow truck company still needs to get paid, its not their fault you got towed unnecessarily. You can take the police force to a small claims court if you really want to fight it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
If quarks are too small to observe with current technology then how do we know so much about them? | [
"Through a process known as lepton scattering. Leptons are smaller, simpler particles like electrons that are not made of quarks. When leptons are shot at a hadrons, particles made of multiple quarks, they bounce off in a way that indicates there is some sort of structure within. This is analogous to Rutherford sca... | [
"The truth is that nobody really knows. For example maybe some protons are infinitesimally more massive than others, but the difference is too small for us too detect or make a difference in their behavior. There's no reason to think so, but it's possible. All we know is that there's no reason to assume they're dif... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What is Atheism Plus, and why does everyone get mad when it comes up? | [
"Its literally SRSAtheism It has nothing to do with atheism and is a radical feminist subreddit on par with SRS. Nobody is angry with it, were just wondering why they need to use the name atheism when its mostly non-atheism related."
] | [
"What's a Tory, and why do so many people seem to hate them?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How did humans start measuring angles and how do we know for sure they are even relatively accurate? | [
"The Babylonians in 1500 BCE measured angles using a hexagon, dividing a circle into 60*6=360 parts and using pi = 3.125. Before that, the Egyptians had a gadget called a groma that measured right angles. They were accurate enough to build the Pyramids."
] | [
"PI is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. Turns out, it remains same for all circles. So, in units of this ratio, we can calculate a lot about all things that are circular or at times, curved. For example, you can use Pi to calculate the area of a circle. Then, say that a cylinder is just a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about mathematics:"
} |
How did we come to know that it takes 365 days to make a complete revolution around the sun? | [
"By measuring shadows. Imagine you put a stick in the ground, and marked the tip of shadow's location at the same time every day for a year. On day 366, the shadow will be in the (almost) exact same place as your initial mark, telling you that there are 365 days in a year. This is how ancient man figured out there ... | [
"On earth, we refer to time in terms of daylight and earths rotation around the sun. This is a very abstract concept because one year on Earth is very different than one year on mars. One year is defined as the time it takes Earth to rotate around the sun. Using our abstract definition of time, we have determined t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how does Romney plan to "fix" the economy? | [
"You know that bully in school that keeps taking your lunch away from you despite being really fat and not needing it at all? Mitt is going to give the fat kid even more food for his lunch. He's hoping that by giving the bully more food he'll be less inclined to take it away from you and may actually give you some ... | [
"Uhhh, I guess at this point his primary agenda would be to become President of the United States. As far as policy wise, I think it's fair to say that his primary agenda is to restore/strengthen the american economy"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
the proper use of commas | [
"Say aloud what you want to write, any place you pause without completing a thought add a comma."
] | [
"It's really the smallest meaningful level of precision for enforcement purposes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why does your car radio turn off when you ignite the car engine? | [
"The starter motor draws a huge amount of current from the battery - pretty close to the maximum it's capable of supplying. If you have a circuit connected to a battery which is trying to draw a very big current, one of the features of the way batteries work is that the voltage across the battery's terminals will r... | [
"Alternator charges the battery when the car is running. Because the lights are on but the car is not running, the battery drains."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do surgeries cost so much? | [
"Because costs are obscured from those who pay them. In the event of a surgery, usually one or both of the following is true: 1. You're getting the surgery whether you like it or not, and then you'll have to deal with the cost later. 2. You are paying mostly through insurance. Both of these lead to a situation whe... | [
"Why does it cost money to get divorced? Because it's worth it!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the .22 such a highly valued bullet? | [
".22 is normally very cheap. It's a great round for shooting without breaking ones budget and is very popular for that reason. People have been hoarding ammo since all the gun laws were announced in the wake of Sandy Hook, drastically drying up supply. Since ammo is difficult to get people have been buying a lot of... | [
"The term when spoken is \"30 aught 6\", it refers to the round chambered in a .30 caliber rifle which was put into general service in the 1906. .30 caliber, 1906, .30 aught 6 (or written 30-06). The round has A LOT of propellent behind. And is very popular with sports men in North America due to its high accuracy... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Walking off an injury | [
"My coaches always made sure to teach us the difference between being hurt and being injured. Of course it hurts to fall or get hit or whatever, and kids especially can get scared when they experience that type of pain. But pain can be fleeting, soreness is different than an injury, etc. Walking it off was just a w... | [
"Adrenaline kicking in for flight or fight response."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
- how is the elevation of mountains etc measured without GPS? | [
"If you know how far away you are from something (a building, a flagpole, a mountain, a giraffe), and you know the angle an imaginary line between the top of that something forms with the ground where you are, then you can use simple trig calculations to figure out the height."
] | [
"1) In the old days (but still after the time almost all capitals were founded) surveyors did this kind of work routinely. Much of it was done with theodolites which are like sniper scopes attached to devices to accurately measure angles. They will work from one line-of-sight to the next and use trigonometry. In so... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why are males, ages 15-25, typically the target audience for most movies, games, and tv shows? | [
"They're not, that's a fallacy. For games, perhaps. For television, not at all -- the 19-34 demographic is deemed most important."
] | [
"For the same reason they're socially acceptable in movies, television, advertising, video games and literature - because they sell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Entertainment:"
} |
How does ISIS keep finding Westerners to hold hostage? Why do Westerners keep going to areas where they know there is a risk of capture? | [
"They are usually journalists, documenting wars, coups, and disasters. The only way first world nations get involved in these issues is if someone makes people give a shit about the people there. The only way to do that is to print stories in the media until people notice and complain, which makes politicians give ... | [
"Al-Qaeda think that ISIS are giving terrorists a bad name. They want to clean up the act of terrorism and make it a respectable career choice. Also because ISIS is doing what Al-Qaeda couldn't do. They are actually gaining some real support from both local people and from people in other countries who travel just ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you restart a computer, after it shuts down, how does it know to start up again? | [
"When you restart, power to the Motherboard isn't actually cut off, so the bios just automatically boots the operating system. I suppose the equivalent is getting in bed, closing your eyes, then getting out of bed again. You haven't actually fallen asleep, but it seems like you have."
] | [
"It can't. Updates can only happen when your computer is powered on. However, your computer can certainly detect that it has missed some updates when it comes up and start updating itself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do humans scream when they're in pain? | [
"Two reasons: to signal to others that you need help, and to signal others that there might be something absurdly dangerous munching on you and maybe you should run away really fast. Most social animals have similar vocalizations on pain."
] | [
"Men learn to suppress that reaction as they grow up. Little boys also scream when they get startled."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
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