query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Difference between a Absolute Monarchy and Constitutional Monarchy? | [
"In an absolute monarchy, nothing overrides decisions made by the monarch - at least so long as there isn't a revolution that completely dismantles the system and creates a new one. In a constitutional monarchy, there are legal limits on the monarch's power, generally in the form of political powers that are grante... | [
"| Democrat | Republican ---------|----------|---------- Philosophy | Liberal, left-leaning. | Conservative, right-leaning. Economic Ideas| Minimum wages and progressive taxation, i.e., higher tax rates for higher income brackets. Born out of anti-federalist ideals but evolved over time to favor more government reg... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does women's hair end up all over the bathroom? Is it actually falling out more or is it just longer and thus more noticeable? | [
"I am a male with hair half way down my back... trust me... shedding is a unisex issue. Hahaha I clog the drain in my shower biweekly. Edit: Male"
] | [
"They've got much more hair than you and I. If you brush or comb your hair, you'll lose some hair, but not enough for it to be noticeable, even if you brush your hair every day. A car or a dog just has a lot more hair than a human, and while the amount of hair they lose while brushing or petting them might seem lik... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why did no one fix the issue of capital I and lowercase l looking identical on computers? | [
"You can do this yourself easily. Just set the font to one with serifs. It's not restricted to computers, in any case. Printed lower-case l and upper-case I have always looked identical in sans serif fonts."
] | [
"There is no reason for it to be in the order it is. There is even less reason to change its order."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Will ABC be fined for the LeBron penis incident? | [
"The odds aren't likely. This wasn't something they could have easily caught. Genuine mistakes happen, and most people didn't pick up on it. They'll just try very hard not to reward viewers with that again."
] | [
"The US public has the attention span of a grapefruit. They've moved on to Bill \"the rapist\" Cosby, Kimye, the Sony hack and the price of gas."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about News and current events:"
} |
Why is there such enmity between the communities of 4chan, tumblr, and reddit? | [
"There isn't mostly. 99.9% of the users don't care about other sites. You might just see the loud vocal minority. And I believe if want a gross simplification... 4 Chan and tumblr hate each other. 4 Chan is for lonely, socially awkward males Tumblr for lonely, socially awkward, and often overweight females. Redd... | [
"/r/SRS - a subreddit of redditors dedicated to pointing out that they believe reddit to be a hive of racism, misogyny, homophobia, paedophilia, etc... /r/anticirclejerk - just trying to be edgy by opposing widely proffessed opinions around the main subreddits etc... Basically, these are \"meta\" subreddits - their... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
why fashions go in and out of style | [
"My theory is that Macy's or some other big store has a warehouse of shit that never sold out. They wait until about 15 years after it didn't sell anymore and then they go down there and pick something. \"Gauchos? Hoop Earrings? High waisted jean shorts? Perfect! Get some of that shit on EmRat and Kendall Jenner ST... | [
"the world is big, buildings are not see through, and the stores may not be as centralized as you think"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do companies survive so much debt? | [
"They take in money from investors, who hope that they will get paid back with a profit in some future year."
] | [
"So does the problem lie within failing to reinvest and hording massive amounts of savings?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How do programs like Google Translate recognize handwriting so accurately? | [
"I'm not sure which algorithm(s) they use, but back in Uni I had an AI class where we did a small program to identify user inputted letters using an neural net algorithm called \"Perceptron\". In this small program, there was a grid (2 states per cell) which allowed the user to \"draw\" the \"standard\" or \"normal... | [
"They're used to train their image recognition software so that they can read street signs more accurately."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Despite how often a person can adjust their necklace so the locking part could be in the back, why does it always move up front to be with the pendant? | [
"Becasue the clasp is typically heavier than other links. As someone moves, eventually the clasp will move from the centre of the next to the left or right. Sooner or later the lock will get to a point where its easier to slide down, gravity will come into play and it moves down to its optimal resting place which i... | [
"Because divorce is a messy process. But really, I think the main issue for most people is that there is more flesh the closer on the finger you get to the palm. When you try to remove the ring it tends to drag flesh toward the knuckle which forces it outwards, expanding to keep the ring in place. Putting it on fro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When you cut a piece of meat from a pig, what's the difference between pork, ham, and bacon? | [
"Pork represents any piece of meat from a pig. Ham is cured pork leg. Bacon is cured back meat."
] | [
"Back bacon is called Irish bacon or Canadian bacon in the US. They are both eaten and sold here in super markets but they are not the most popular. Neither get as crisp as belly bacon, and both have lower fat contents meaning they have less flavor. To many those two points make those other kinds of bacon inferior.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why did Ronda Rousey lose to Holly Holm? | [
"Rousey is a ground grappler who is relatively weaker when doing stand-up striking. Holm is a former boxer and kickboxer with an incredibly strong striking game. She was the perfect counter to Rousey's big weakness, and Rousey knew it (even said as much in an interview beforehand) but stupidly/cockily rushed in any... | [
"Because the Heavyweight boxing scene here is dead. I honestly didn't even know Klitscko still had the belt til he defended it again this month"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does keeping food in the refrigerator make it last longer? | [
"It's harder for bacteria to survive and reproduce in extreme environments cold or hot, this is also why you fully cook chicken before eating it."
] | [
"Hot and humid conditions speed the growth of bacteria and speeds up decay. Cold slows those processes. The same way food doesn't spoil as fast in a refrigerator or freezer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Food storage:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Food storage:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does helium make your voice high? | [
"From what I learnt, helium is less dense than air. So when you speak, the rate of helium going through you voice cord is higher than normal producing more vibration. More vibration mean higher frequency."
] | [
"After sleep, your vocal chords are relaxed. This makes your voice deeper. Think of a guitar, if you loosen the strings the pitch becomes lower. It's kind of the same thing with your vocal chords."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why does everything taste bad when I'm sick? | [
"Taste is related to an ability to smell. So if your sinuses are clogged it diminishes your taste already. Then if you have mucus in your mouth because of your congestion it further degrades your ability to taste things properly. Source: I've been a sick human before"
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What on earth is the logic behind the format of the questions in Jeopardy!? | [
"It's a gimmick. Instead of asking \"boring\" trivia questions (\"who was the first man on the moon?\" \"Neil Armstrong\"), the questions are formed as answers, and the answers as questions (\"he was the first man on the moon\" \"who is Neil Armstrong?\"). It also makes the questions a bit harder - if you are too c... | [
"Out of curiosity, was this post prompted by the \"Amazing Story\" video on the front page?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
UK Redditors: What does a "supply teacher" teach/do? | [
"It's what you call a relief teacher in Australia or a substitute teacher in America. They teach classes when the regular teacher is ill or on leave."
] | [
"As an Aussie who hasn't quite grasped this slsng, does sophomore come between freshman and senior? What's the hierarchy?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Education:"
} |
Why I can leave a pot with stew cooking for half a day and the pot will be unharmed, but if I leave a pot on the stovetop for 5 minutes without anything in it, the pot will be ruined. | [
"The heat is mostly transferred to the content of the pot rather than the pot itself. When I was in school my science teacher did an experiment where he wrapped a piece of cloth around a metal rod and put it in flame, the cloth is entirely undamaged. He then took the cloth off and put it in flame, the cloth caught ... | [
"It's all based on the temperature of boiling water. See, when you heat water, it doesn't really go over 100C (212F) - it just turns to steam and evaporates. Once most of the liquid water has evaporated, the temperature quickly shoots up. There's a thermostat inside the rice cooker that tells it to cut heat when th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is it that makes TV so addicting? | [
"Dopamine. Basically the human reward system evolved so we would be rewarded when we explored or learned new things. When we watch television we get receive the stimulation without needing to do the actual work. _URL_0_ Right now, you and I, and everyone around us are passing through an evolutionary bottleneck. Th... | [
"So what is it about human physiology that makes this work differently for us?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Does "space" in space occupy any dimensions? | [
"I'm no expert. But your question isn't dumb. If you are considering something space then you must be able to move in it. Which requires at least one dimensions."
] | [
"We dont know there are 9. It was just thought up by inexplicably following a pattern of the first 3 dimensions by folding a dimension on itself. Edit: Also /u/pucklermuskau's answer adds more to what dimensions are used for in mathematics. If you want to define a system you can use extra dimensions to define value... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why do cash deposits not generate new money? | [
"What you're describing is a problem with banking that led to the Great Depression. The stock market crash set of a chain reaction where everyone tried to take out their money from the banks at once, but because the banks use the actual currency for other things like loans and mortgages, when everyone at once comes... | [
"Double Entry Book Keeping. Money going into your account doesn't just appear, its matched with money coming out of somebody else's account. You don't really see it on the website looking at your account history, but on the banks end money moves around with detailed records."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
The Korean naming system | [
"In Korea, China, Vietnam, and several other countries your surname (family name, the name passed down by your father) goes before your given name. People from those countries generally switch the names to the western naming convention when they move to the west. However this is more problematic for famous people b... | [
"Usually in that wording it would mean a position within an organization."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How can a company as unbelievably sh*tty as Comcast stay in business? | [
"ISPs have local monopolies. They're often the only service provider in the area. Google is attempting to change this by pushing Google Fiber."
] | [
"Netflix has over 60 million subscribers. Multiply those by the $8 per month and you're looking at revenues of nearly half a billion dollars. Every month. Given that, perhaps your question should be rephrased as \"how on earth is Netflix **not** profitable\"?!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why smelling hot sauce or horseradish opens up your nostrils and sinuses? | [
"Hot sauce irritates the sensitive tissue in the nose, causing the body to think it's being attacked by dust, pollen, or other foreign irritants. The body then produces mucous in an attempt to flush out the contaminants. Smelling salts release ammonia gases which irritate the linings of the nose and lungs, triggeri... | [
"You're sneezing because something is irritating your nasal passages, not the other way around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we have a color wheel, with purple next to red, and describe purple as a mix of red and blue, when the color spectrum has red at low frequencies and purple at high? | [
"There is a distinction between purple and violet. Violet is what you see in the color spectrum / rainbow. Violet is a color directly associated with high-frequency (short wavelength) visible light (any higher and you go into ultra-violet). Violet can look similar to purple and the terms 'violet' and 'purple' are o... | [
"White light is light made up of equal proportions of wavelengths across [the spectrum](_URL_0_). Magenta is a combination of colors, rather than a single wavelength. It's a combination of red and blue/violet (notice that they're on opposite ends of the spectrum). Basically, if you completely remove the color green... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
what are muscle "knots"? | [
"You might not realize it, but muscles can only pull, never push. They only contract, and need to be loosened by an opposing muscle. So if you're overworked, stressed and don't get enough movement, some muscles stay contracted, and need to be loosened up manually. That's why we stretch ourself when we're tired."
] | [
"This usually happens when you work muscles that are normally unaccustomed to such exercises (working new muscles, increasing weight load, utilizing a different/higher range of motion).This is called delayed onset muscle soreness and it is completely normal. look up 'delayed onset muscle soreness' on wikipedia for ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why are some bruises purple blue and green or orange? Where does the pigment come from? | [
"The color of your bruise will actually change over the course of healing. After the initial bleeding stops, your body begins to slowly disassemble the blood piece by piece and return it's resources to the rest of the body. This process of going from whole blood, to disassembled blood, to each product being carried... | [
"When your penis is flaccid, the skin pigment is more concentrated over a smaller area so it appears darker. Edit: Melanin. The pigment is melanin but I couldn't for the life of me remember that when I wrote this due to a brain fart."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
How does the nail file on my Swiss Army knife remain useful for years while other files wear out or need maintenance? | [
"Other files might be made of inferior steel. Victorinox, on the other hand, buys tons of knife-grade steel, and buying inferior steel just for the file would probably cost them more overall."
] | [
"\"modern\" razors are disposable razors. Before that people used a straight razor. If you make an incredibly sharp razor it will be incredibly brittle, if you make it of something sharp and not brittle it will be incredibly expensive. If it rusts, it'll rust in the bathroom and oxidation dulls a blade far more tha... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do all ancient Egyptian drawings use the same style with subjects heads looking to the side? | [
"I love art history, it's been a while since I studied this subject but I'll explain to the best of my memory: There are a couple of reasons, one major one being that the drawings interacted with heiroglyphs in such a way that they were sort of their own writing system. The drawings weren't intended to be art, they... | [
"A pyramid is the easiest type of building to make. Any group of people who want to make a large structure are always going to start with a pyramid. Staircases are always going to take more work. So, if you want to walk to the top you will always make one section a stair case which is always going to be straight up... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are cold air intakes illegal in California? | [
"California has pretty strict emission regulations in order to reduce air pollution. Car parts must go through an approval process. You may be able to find a cold air intake that's been approved for use with your vehicle in California. For what it's worth, more than 10 other states have also adopted California's cl... | [
"Why do some parts of the world call gasoline petrol?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
; Why can't you use electronic devices while taking off and landing in an airplane? | [
"There is a minimal chance, practically nonexistent(in a modern aircraft) that your device might interfere with the airplane electronics. Now takeoffs and landings are so critical that practically nonexistent is too much of a chance. And why should everybody risk their lives so you can play on your phone, or why sh... | [
"Planes are thoroughly inspected before every flight to ensure everything is ok. Do you inspect your car every day before your commute to work?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What did people do with their faeces and urine before toilets, in cities specifically? | [
"Often they would be collected in some sort of receptacle, like a pail, which would be dumped into a cesspit or other location designated for waste. Sometimes there would be open gutters along streets which waste would be dumped into and washed down. Sometimes it would be dumped into a waterway to remove it. Someti... | [
"The main problem with household water usage is not actually black water - the water that carries human waste from your toilet to the sewage system - but grey water. Grey water is the water that runs into the sewage system from your kitchen sink, your laundry machine, your shower, etcetera. This water is, albeit no... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What substance is used in a lethal injection and how does it move through the body? | [
"Well it depends on the country but in US it goes like this: 1. **Sodium thiopental** or **pentobarbital**: ultra-short action anesthetic agent capable of rendering the prisoner unconscious in a few seconds. 2. **Pancuronium bromide**: muscle relaxant, causes complete, fast and sustained paralysis of the skeletal ... | [
"It contains a type of chemical compound that blocks an enzyme that normally breaks down medicine in your body. Since it makes you unable to breakdown medicine, the levels of medicine can become toxic. It's almost like an overdose. TL;DR it blocks your body from breaking down medicine, causing dangerous amounts of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do emergency broadcasts over the radio have such horrible sound quality? | [
"The emergency broadcast system was originally built during the cold war. Today we use it largely for storm warnings, but it also has the capacity to operate during major natural disasters and national security events. Basically, the equipment is supposed to withstand a nuclear bombing and deliver instructions to t... | [
"Are you sure it is a podcast? Your headphone cord (or other parts of your computer) can act like an antenna and pick up radio. AM radio broadcasts are the most likely thing to pick up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How are we able to "sense" when someone is near us or is watching us? | [
"Electromagnetic senses implanted in us during vaccination. When files send via Bluetooth it sometimes causes us to notice each other."
] | [
"It is more that your brain is unaware of what is around you, and gets you to look around to check that there are no tigers sneaking up on you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
What is the difference between Visa, Mastercard and a credit card and how do the way of payments differ? | [
"Visa and Mastercard are both companies that facilitate electronic payments between consumers using a card, merchants, and banks. Mastercard issues credit cards (a card that works like a small loan, that you normally pay off by the end of the month or accrue interest) and also debit cards (a card that works more li... | [
"They charge a swipe fee ( or Merchant fee) for each transaction using a Visa or Master card."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Finance:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Finance:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do you determine the quality of a classical music performance? If two musicians play a piece perfectly according to the sheet music, what makes one person a Glen Gould and another just really good? | [
"If a musician plays a piece perfectly according to the sheet music he is good technically but not musically. A good musician play slight variations upon what the sheet music say to better fit the rhythm and emotions of the piece. It is hard to explain but there is just certain sounds and timings that resonate spec... | [
"This is a weird question because \"able to play\" the sonata is somewhat imprecise in terms of wording. Do you mean if she actually played it well, or could have if she wanted to? Anyways, I don't know if there are any sources about her playing. In any case, the Moonlight Sonata is relatively easy to play (especia... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What causes non-substance addiction? | [
"Because you're still in whatever you're doing for the \"reward.\" Even though the addiction isn't a physical dependency, you can still get a \"high\" or \"rush\" from behaviors. And much like with physical addictions, you're constantly chasing better \"highs.\" Like with gambling. Some folks get a \"rush\" from it... | [
"It's a large category, including different illnesses with several different causes. These can include: - Chemical imbalances - Traumatic experiences - Inadequate care during the first 3 years of life - Brain injury - Genetic abnormalities - Long-term stress"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens if you denounce US citizenship ? | [
"Let's say you decided to renounce your citizenship. In order to do this, you would appear at a U.S. Consulate in a foreign country (you can't renounce your citizenship while you're in the US) and sign some paperwork (an Oath of Renunciation). You hand over your passport (which you had, because you were traveling t... | [
"Well there are plenty of benefits of becoming a us citizen, just to name a few: _URL_0_ able to sponsor family members so they can obtain green cards and legally immigrate to the United States. 2.Children of U.S. citizens are automatically U.S. citizens by birth (in most cases, even if born outside the United Stat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How can electric companies over charge and estimate your power consumption without actually looking at what you consumed? | [
"If the meter can't be read for some reason, they estimate. I had an office building and they installed new smart meters on everyone else's building but mine. My bill was an even $250 for five months which was low and odd that it was an even amount. Then I get a bill for over $2500 !!! It turns out they did not rea... | [
"I work for an electric company and currently we are installing Smart Meters on everybodys house. These meters will be somehow read 48 times a day (every half hour) and people who have the smart meters will be able to check their usage when ever they want through a website given by their power supplier, and yes the... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Do people who need less sleep function better on less sleep or just have faster sleep cycles? | [
"They have higher quality sleep cycles. It's a bit hard to explain, but basically they get more out of their sleep cycles, particularly REM sleep, than the rest of us do."
] | [
"To some effect, but for a different reason. You need REM sleep to fully recover, and the more you wake up the less *good* sleep you get. But waking up repeatedly is not necessarily bad for you, you just wont feel as rested in the morning."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it possible to pee the bed but one never has to consciously stop themselves from defecating in ones sleep. | [
"Urination involves the relaxation of muscle, while defecation involves the tensing of muscles."
] | [
"The pressure is uncomfortable so you're relieving that. It's also peace of mind since you're no longer worried about pissing or shitting yourself."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and personal habits:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Health and personal habits:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
how do you emulate a game/game server? | [
"It's easier if you can get a copy of the game server client by bribing an employee or something but otherwise: * When playing an MMO, your client sends data to the game server and the server sends data back. You can monitor this. * Let's say your character makes an attack. You monitor the data stream, notice that... | [
"Can you clarify what you mean by an 'armor display'?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Morality/value from an atheistic worldview | [
"As an atheist I can sum up my moral philosophy as \"Don't be a dick.\" Treat others the way you expect to be treated etc. Keep in mind that even religious people are making their own moral judgements. The bible for instance is full of some very moral stories, and some pretty awful ones. Religious people pick and ... | [
"Questions about Philosphy - Epistemology - what is truth? Is truth objective or subjective, how can truth be realized/found/discovered in the real world. Morals/Ethics - what is good/bad. How do we know stuff is either good or bad. Are moral values an objective or subjective? Those are basic general Philosophica... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Are the ~160 calories in a decent beer a absorbed the same way as the calories in 5 Totino's pizza rolls? | [
"Not necessarily. For one, alcohol is extremely easily burnable, and the calories from it will always be metabolized first. All the calories in beer come from alcohol and simple carbohydrates (basically sugar). If you go to an all-you-eat buffet, you're probably getting some protein, fat, complex carbs as well, al... | [
"What in the world makes you think that 0 calories of (Diet) Coke is worse than 300 calories from a milkshake?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does a pool table know to return the white ball when it's sunk, but keeps the coloured balls? | [
"Years ago it used to be that the cue ball was ever so slightly larger than the other balls. Nowadays, the cue ball on most coin-op tables has a magnetic core. The return chute inside the table has a magnet that pulls the cue ballaway from the colored ball depository into a separate return chute."
] | [
"In 8 ball, the 8 ball has to be pocketed last. If your cue ball is behind the 8 ball before you are ready, it makes your shot very difficult."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
why do we use mint toothpaste or mouthwash for our mouths but typically fruit soaps for our body? | [
"Just guessing here but the cooling sensation of mint/menthol that last a while makes your breath better and your mouth feel clean. Fruit soaps make you smell pleasant after you use them. In both cases, you know that you smell good and people around you would notice directly/indirectly giving the sense that you tak... | [
"For: wash off pesticides, dirt. Against: why the hell would there be anything against washing your fruit."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why are Republicans viewed so negative versus Democrat in general? | [
"People generally have a 'bell curve' when it comes to political opinions. Most are near the 'center' of their nation, with fewer people holding more radical ideas. A group of radicals known as the 'Tea Party' has taken over the Republican candidate selection process, and have forced the Republican party to be more... | [
"The environment doesn't donate money to campaigns. Also just generally not the biggest issue for voters in an awful economy."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does laundry detergent warm up when wet? | [
"Because an exothermic chemical reaction is taking place. Exothermic: the reaction that is taking place releases energy from the system, giving off heat. **Edit:** Is this what you're looking, for, or do you want more details on the reaction?"
] | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
What is fire made actually of? Is it even matter? | [
"You are seeing photons emitted as atoms combine to form molecules. In the case of fire in normal air, you're seeing atoms of oxygen combine with whatever is burning. The flames are a gas. (It is not a plasma. A plasma is a state of matter where the electrons have been stripped from the nuclei of their original at... | [
"The sun is also a giant ball of nuclear fusion, not fire. So totally different stuff going on there."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Say we were to colonise one of these planets. How would communication back to Earth work. Is there any possibility of faster than light communication or would everything we send between colonies take 40 years to get to one another? | [
"Communication would be limited to 40 year lag. Speed of light is an absolute max speed given our current understanding of science. Some people think that doing really tricky things with entangled particles could allow for faster than light communication. You can put information \"in\" to entangled particles and th... | [
"They can. May not be worthwhile, though, as from what I recall the system is pretty young (possibly less than a billion years old). We can also send a signal at them directly, although it'd take 40 years for the signal to reach them, and another 40 years for their response (if any) to get back. Interestingly enoug... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Science and Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science and Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
If 'rest' is such a critical biological necessity, why do the heart and lungs (made of the same material as the rest of the body) not need it? | [
"When an animal sleeps, (delta anyway, there is a bit more action during REM sleep) you'll notice a general slowing of the breathing and heart rate. When a person is lying down, it also reduces stress on the heart, since it doesn't have to fight as much with gravity to keep blood moving to the head. That said, 'res... | [
"There are three kinds of muscle. Skeletal, which are strong and fast but need rest to recover. Smooth, which are in your intestines and constantly move and pulsate slowly. Cardiac, which is a special kind of muscle found only in your heart, and which is both fast and tireless. The heart may not be the brain, but i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:"
} |
Why did European calvary favour sabres over spears and lances during the colonial era? | [
"It's not calvary. Calvary is a hill outside Jerusalem. CAVALRY liked sabers over spears because they were reusable, unlike spears and lances which needed to be dropped in order for a rider to stay on the horse. The weight of the person the spear/lance impaled would unseat the rider. It's also the reason the sword... | [
"Bronze, brass, and soft iron will all work quite well for cannon barrels as long as they're thick enough and the powder burns relatively slowly. It's the quality of the gunpowder that would make the big difference here; for example the English naval fleets once had a serious problem with cannons exploding because ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
This quote from Nicholas Machiavellis "The Prince" | [
"> For the context, he's talking about maintaining the loyalty of a towns people during a siege. Suppose you are a townsperson who has defended your prince at the cost of having your home and possessions destroyed. Now your prince comes to your aid and from your view there is compensation due for your efforts; the ... | [
"I studied Machiavelli and \"The Prince\" in a Social and Political Thought class this year. Five years after Machiavelli's death, \"The Prince\" was published and was received negatively pretty much everywhere. As a result, the Medicis (who \"The Prince\" was directed to) labelled Machiavelli and his work as immo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How did the TV industry become nothing but reality shows? | [
"Those channels are breaking viewership records thanks to their reality shows. As many people as there are who say they like the high quality, educational shows, it turns out more people actually want the cheaply produced reality stuff, which is a win-win for the channels."
] | [
"Because they're different. Why do UK late night talk shows only air once a week?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
the process of enriching fissile material. | [
"Uranium comes in two basic flavors, uranium-238 (99.3%) and uranium-235 (0.7%). This refers to the combined count of protons and neutrons. Both flavors of uranium have 92 protons, but U-238 has 3 more neutrons. Only U-235 is fissile. So, you have to separate it out from the useless U-238. The best process to do th... | [
"Plutonium comes in many varieties plutonium-244 which is a rare element found in trace quantities in nature. Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction, Plutonium-240 exhibits a high rate of spontaneous fission.The presence of plutonium-240 limits a sa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why didn't the Ent, Dwarves, and other races help in the battle for Middle Earth in LOTR. | [
"Aaragorn released the dead because that is what he promised them he would do. He could have tried to back out of the deal and try to command them to continue as their king, but that would be a dick move."
] | [
"He didn't know it was The One Ring - it was thought to be destroyed. In The Hobbit the ring was nothing special (other than the invisibility), and in the Lord of the Rings books it took Gandalf 17 years from Bilbo's farewell party to discover that it was in fact Sauron's ring."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does disconnecting and reconnecting to my wifi seem to speed up my connection? | [
"Depending on the age of your device, you have multiple antennas at work inside of your device. They can connect at speeds between 20-300mb/s. The access point will do its best during the duration of you connection to provide you the most stable connection. During the course of your session many things can cause in... | [
"the wifi radio is constantly on and checking if it can connect to a wifi hotspot. if you turn off the wifi radio, your phone wouldn't know to switch"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are some foods "Breakfast Foods" and others "Dinner Foods"? | [
"If you travel to parts of Asia you will find there is not a lot of difference between what is eaten for breakfast or lunch. I've eaten fantastic Mie Goreng at 8am"
] | [
"Just because something is made from vegetables doesn't automatically make it healthy. Heroin is made from vegetables."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
When you have a cold, where does the seemingly endless snot come from? | [
"Basically from [goblet cells] (_URL_0_) and submucosal glands in the nasal airways. Inflammation causes the goblet cells and submucosal cells to increase mucus production. The production is constant and does not require a great deal of energy so these cells do a substantial amount of mucus production relatively ea... | [
"When you breathe cold dry air the nose will release mucus to protect the sensitive spots on your lungs and some of that mucus will run out your nose which is what causes runny noses. On the other-hand your nose dries up because there is no need for this in the temperature you are used to. Hope that answers your qu... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Health:"
} |
When moths sit on the wall completely still for days on end without moving at all. What are they doing? Why aren't they compelled to search for food, or a mating partner. | [
"I have bad news for you. Moth adult stages do not have the capacity to eat. They have lifespans measured in days. Eric is dead. He has been for four days. You should arrange for funeral services."
] | [
"They hide away in the corners, in little nooks and crannies out of sight. You'll see spiders coming out most often during mating season. Around this time of year, you see a lot more spiders in your house than you do the rest of the year. They're out looking for sex and not afraid to die for it, just like in Romeo ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do soldiers/people tap their gun magazines against their helmets/guns before loading it? | [
"It is meant to settle the rounds properly in the magazine to prevent a misfire. [Sources.](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"So in ELI5 language, on the civilian AR-15, when you pull the trigger you get one pew. Not an assault rifle. Most civilian guns are 1 pew guns. On a real assault rifle, you have a switch that allows you to choose between 1 pew, sometimes 3-pews, and finally many-pews. So, when you have 3-pews selected, every time ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why were Apple's new products approved and allowed to be sold? Did nobody realise that there'd be backlash? How/Why can Apple keep getting away with this stuff? | [
"Apple has been removing plugs and selling expensive adapters for the past few years. The Macbook Pro Retina is the same way. What they have noticed is that it doesn't hurt their sales, and boosts sales of $40 adapters that people lose weekly. Businesses that run on Macbooks and iMacs buy hundreds of these adapters... | [
"Hey, look at this cool company that's bypassing all of these arcane, useless regulations and red tape! Cheap and accessible service is awesome! Why worry? A few months later: oh, whoops, it turns out those useless laws actually served a purpose, like protecting consumers from fraud and danger. Uber makes a habit o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are we censored from discussing the Z0e Quinn scandal because of "doxxing concerns" yet we are daily allowed to post images of people and make fun of them without their permission? | [
"The simple answer is reddit is full of white knight cowards. Reddit wouldn't be as popular as it is if it didn't cater to the majority view. As of now the majority view is women are default victims and should be protected no matter what. Whatever they've done to warrant it is irrelevant, hell you're not even allow... | [
"I've never seen the cops influencing portrayal of the suspect, if anything, the media do it a hundred times worse. Most of the police press conferences I have seen are stuff like. \"We have a suspect in the case of the murder of Jim Joe, we are currently talking with him and his council, though we have no further ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Law and Criminal Justice:"
} |
How is it possible that Beats by Dre could get sold for 3,2 billion dollars? | [
"They're buying the brand. The headphones themselves aren't anything special. But Beats was good at marketing, and sent free headphones to tons of popular stars and athletes so the fans will see them and want to emulate. It's just about the brand recognition."
] | [
"People who can afford to buy and sell sports teams do not rely on short-term profits. Just the feeling of owning a team is typically \"profit\" enough. In addition, keep in mind that the bulk of financial profit comes from selling the team. Edit: I saw your comment pointing out that $2B seems high even for the Cli... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If I've had chicken pox before and donate blood to someone who hasn't, will them become immune too? | [
"No. Short answer: Blood is split into three products; red cells, platelets, plasma. Most people who get 'blood' only get 'packed red cells.' Antibodies will reside in your plasma thus a transfusion typically does not confer passive immunity."
] | [
"Cold sores are infectious, and there's a risk of the infection being transferred by blood, a very small chance of this happening I believe, but not a risk worth taking. This can only really happen if it is the first cold sore you have gotten. If you get recurring outbreaks of it, but you don't have any at the mome... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How do math textbook writers come up with problems? | [
"Normally, they work backwards. So, for example, if you had a question on factoring polynomials, I would multiply a bunch of binomials and monomials together. Then I get a fully factorable polynomial. For example, (x-3)*(2x+4)*x = 4x^3 -2x^2 +x This is normally super easy because math has inverses- some operation t... | [
"Fermi Estimations are exactly that, estimations for complex problems. The logic behind it is that at certain stages during the problem you overestimate, and at other stages you underestimate, leading to an approximate answer. A popular one is \"How many pianos are cleaned in New York?\" To do this, you have to thi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do they get apples off the tree in an industrial sense? | [
"They shake the tree with a [tree shaker](_URL_0_)."
] | [
"How do you even take a picture of the center of a tornado?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Someone told me a hangover is due to dehydration. Yet beer is mostly water. WTF? | [
"The diuretic effect of alcohol causes more water loss than than is gained by drinking a beer. There was an AskScience question a couple of months back (that I can no longer find) that figured that if you were drinking something around 4% alcohol by volume the effects would be about break even and you would avoid a... | [
"Alcohol dehydrates you because it is a diuretic - it makes you pee. The rest don't dehydrate you, you're just better off drinking water because it doesn't contain all that sugar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How America became a 'Christian' nation, when the founding fathers tried so hard to stop this from happening? | [
"During the Cold War, McCarthy wanted America to be the anti-USSR; everything the USSR did, America was going to do the opposite of that. The Soviet Union had a strong anti-religion policy, including the Eastern Orthodox Church. Once McCarthy heard that Orthodox priests were being sent to the gulag, he started enco... | [
"Because the division of church and state isn't as popular as you might think. The phrase \"In God We Trust\" was added to currency during the Cold War, to combat the presumed atheist communist Reds. There is still a strong segment of the US who feels that church and state should be one and the same, hence proposin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does North Korea's economy work? | [
"a state controlled economy that is not shy about about the use of forced labor. The state owns basically all the assets in the country and uses them to the benefit of the state. There are mines, farms, factories, businesses, etc. all run by the state which \"employs\" the NK citizenry."
] | [
"If the things North Korea did made sense, they wouldn't be North Korea."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can't these algae towers be used to oxinigate terrestrial planets like Mars? | [
"Production of an oxygen molecule via photosynthesis requires a water molecule. Algae farms like this probably will play a crucial role in making Mars habitable, but first we need to get the temperature up it gets down to 150 below on Mars. If we could boost the temperature a bit Mars would go into a self sustainin... | [
"Two basic ways. First is bringing some oxygen to the planet by compressing in it tanks. Another, more long term way is making \"earth-like\" chambers on Mars like greenhouses. Throw some plants in there, and woo oxygen."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why doesn't the president live smack dab in the middle of the united states rather than on the very east edge of it. | [
"At the time the White House was built, Washington DC *was* smack dab in the middle of the United States."
] | [
"a better question would be who thinks it's a good idea to go to times square on NYE at this stage?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do toilet seat covers come with the middle section perforated instead of ripped off completely? | [
"The flap should go down the front so your pants/undies don't touch the nasty outside porcelain of the bowl."
] | [
"This is so that it can easily be hung from a hook on the wall. Unless you mean the chef knives that have holes or dimples all the way down - these are so food doesn't stick to the knife."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Question about public women's toilets:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Question about public women's toilets:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it better to make self-driving cars from scratch as opposed to retro-fitting? | [
"Well, Tesla is already making cars, so they can retro-fit them. Google wants to start from scratch so they can sell their own cars, instead of trying their hand licensing with an existing car brand, which would never happen. The down side with retro-fitting is that you have to retro-fit, whereas if you make it you... | [
"Because they don't want to reinvent everything that's already developed for cars. Window motors, headlights, radios, various sensors and every electronic device you can think of that your car needs to run all run off 12v power. There's no reason to redesign a new one of everything when it alread exists just for th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why do we make grunting and squealing noises when we wake up that help us get out of bed? | [
"You squeal when you wake up? I'm not entirely sure that that's normal. Are you a sow or a dolphin or something?"
] | [
"Depends. What kind of waking up are you talking about? The one where you have no chance to go to sleep again (insomnia style) or more like waking up, realizing it’s still bed time, rolling to the side and going back to sleep?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why is pi so important mathematically? [Mathematics] | [
"PI is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. Turns out, it remains same for all circles. So, in units of this ratio, we can calculate a lot about all things that are circular or at times, curved. For example, you can use Pi to calculate the area of a circle. Then, say that a cylinder is just a... | [
"Ahoy, fellow redditor. Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: Why does the Fibonacci sequence show up in nature. ](_URL_6_) ^(_87 comments_) 1. [ELI5:I've heard that the fibonacci sequence is found in nature? What exactly does that mean? ](_URL_0_) ^(_11 comments_) 1. [ELI5: Why the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about mathematics:"
} |
Why hasn't the world try to create a unified global currency? | [
"Because global economics is extremely complicated and volatile for such a thing. Just look at the income/cost disparity here in the USA alone. Now try to apply that all over the world and try to get people to agree upon which units of the same currency are worth which items/functions. It would be a mess. It's hard... | [
"What do you mean by downfall? This is still a dominant part of current culture."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do we use English names (Spain, Japan, India) for non-English places (España, Nippon, Bharat/Hindustan)? | [
"Many languages have names for other countries in their own language. It's not racism, it's just familiarity. Example : America in Korean is 미국 (mi-gook) which means land of rice (meaning wealthy) and then they call Canada 카나다 which is simply pronounced Canada. It really depends on what language your using, that's ... | [
"The -stan suffix is Persian for \"place\" or \"country\" So \"Afghanistan\" would be \"Country of the Pashtuns\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
top four visually impaired paralympians in the 1500 were faster than the gold medalist at rio olympics | [
"Middle distance races are known for being very strategic. Runners will often start at a moderate pace, saving their energy to beat everyone else in a sprint to the finish. The lead runner typically dictates the pace and will try to keep things easy enough for themselves so that they can hang on and beat everyone e... | [
"There are four different types of swimming strokes as well. If there were separate 100m and 200m dashes for regular sprinting, running backwards, crawling on all fours and hopping like a rabbit as well as relays for each type of running you'd eventually see a sprinter win a mountain of gold like Phelps'."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Is Olive Oil really good for your skin? If so, what does it do? | [
"I wash my face at night with olive oil. I spread on a thin layer and massage it in, then wipe my skin with a damp, hot washcloth. No soap. I have combination skin and it keeps my skin from overproducing oil in oily spots and getting red patches in the dry spots. The oil removes make up very well. My eyelashes appe... | [
"Multivitamins are a dietary supplement of what's called micro nutrients that are essential to proper body function. Now, the best way to get these would be eating food based on your body's needs, however literally hundreds of independent dietary studies have shown that this simply doesn't happen in about 92% of Am... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Habeas Corpus (US Law) | [
"If you are confined by the government, you have the right to be brought before a judge and challenge your confinement. This typically applies only to people who have not been convicted of a crime, and are merely being held against their will. It is a check against law enforcement locking you up without due process... | [
"relevant documentary; The Search for General Tso _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How come further away mountain/hill ranges are bluer than the closer ones? | [
"Raleigh scattering. What color is the sky? Blue. What happens if you look through a few miles of sky? It gets a blue tint."
] | [
"It's actually the same color. It's just that if a cloud is bigger, the lower part of the cloud is shadowed by the upper part of the cloud. And bigger and/or more dense clouds are more likely to rain."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How can cell companies like Verizon, AT & T, and Cricket all claim to cover more customers than any other company? | [
"\"Cover\" doesn't mean they have those customers. Coverage means that their networks are *available* to those specific regions that 90% or more of Americans live in."
] | [
"It's because the words \"best coverage\" don't have a defined meaning. So for example, is the best coverage the network that covers the largest area? Or is it the network that covers the largest population? Or is it the network that penetrates into buildings the best (so the best downtown)? Or the network that is ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is someone who sends messages called a messenger, not a messager. | [
"English speakers decided it was sometimes fun to put an \"n\" in words around the 1300 - 1400s. For example, messager became messenger, passager became passenger, scavager became scavenger (and scavenge the verb came later and was formed from the noun scavenger), and herbiger became harbinger. This is purely specu... | [
"I could not find that idiom anywhere so I gotta ask: what do you mean with run hot or cold? Something biological?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
North Carolina's bathroom situation | [
"Conservative politicians are trying to deny people the right to use the restroom assigned to the gender they identify with. Edit: It's pretty simple and shouldn't be an issue, and never was until conservative politicians needed a replacement for the gay marriage issue."
] | [
"That justice serves until death and can swing how the court interprets constitutionality, potentially impacting just about any statute the government passes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are ocean animals dying all around the world in mass sums? | [
"We are. There's quite a few things happening that's altering the ocean's ecology. On one side we have overfishing, wich is messing up the food cycle. Prey animals diminishing in numbers or predators because humans eat them. A lot of CO2 is being added to the atmosphere, this dissolves in water creating carbonic ac... | [
"We have, by some estimates, already reached the point of no return. With the CO2 levels in the air reaching levels not seen in millions of year, it is unsafe for humans. The oceans were 80 feet higher than they are now the last time the CO2 levels were this high and weather much more extreme. We are already starti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is Islam truly not a religion of peace, or is that just a radical interpretation? | [
"You can make an argument for Islam being peaceful, and you can make an argument for Islam being violent. You can also similarly make the case that Christianity is peaceful or violent based on similar evidence from scripture. There is no \"correct\" answer to this question. There are verses to support either positi... | [
"Because, like many people, he realises that this is not a fundamental problem with Islam, but a problem with some fundamentalist Muslims. Essentially this really isn't about religion, it's about politics."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people with Alzheimer's still recognize music from their past? | [
"Because memory isn't just one section of the brain. So one area might be affected more than the other, so you might not remember your kids faces but music is still intact."
] | [
"As a person grows older, priorities change. My father in law doesn't have or want Internet. My 90 year old aunt is on Facebook constantly. You only really learn the answer as you age."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do women's nipples come in a variety of shapes and sizes compared to a man's? | [
"Maybe you just pay more attention to womens' nipples so you more easily notice the differences."
] | [
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
} |
Why can your mouth tolerate hotter food than your hands? | [
"As someone that worked as a dishwasher once upon a time, my hands can tolerate a whole bunch more heat than my mouth."
] | [
"How cold is your ice cream? Probably about 25F? While the inside of your mouth is close to 100F. That's over 80F difference. If you were to try and eat something 80F hotter than your mouth, you'd know. Your teeth would tell you, but your lips, tongue, cheeks, and palate would tell you before you got the chance to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do B cell lymphocytes become APC | [
"B cells possess specific antibodies so that they only bind to one specific antigen (typically a bacteria cell). If binding occurs, the B cell engulfs the antigen and breaks it down into small pieces. Some of these small pieces, the protein ones, attached to another protein called major histocompatibility complex (... | [
"They are typically large phagocytic cells that engulf the virus/bacteria/whatever pathogen is invading the body by a process called phagocytosis. Phago from the Greek word phagein (to eat) and cyto (kytos - cells) and osis (process). The large phagocytic cells (or macrophages) surrounds the pathogen and breaks it ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Why is it that girls that live together eventually have the same menstrual cycle? | [
"The current understanding is that is an erroneous theory: _URL_0_ As the article above states: > The experience of synchrony may be the result of the mathematical fact that menstrual cycles of different frequencies repeatedly converge and diverge over time and not due to a process of synchronization.[12] It may al... | [
"> I can usually tell when my wife is going to have her period because her whole sweet nature changes I can tell my wife is because she tells me, and i know its every 4 weeks. I still dont get why spouses dont communicate about this stuff."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why do some people think Stanley Kubrick faked the moon landing? | [
"Conspiracy theorists always like to latch onto things that they didn't see with their own eyes and figure out how it is faked. 2001: A Space Odyssey was made a year before a man walked on the moon and yet was amazingly accurate about what it would be like. So, Kubrick had the set for it and the actual moon landin... | [
"> How is the idea relevant and meaningful to anyone alive today? It's about whether or not we can trust what the government says. Getting to the moon was/is a pretty big deal. If they lied about this, what else are they lying about? Global warming? 9/11? Roswell and aliens? (and so on). Is the president's state of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I was in a streetfight. Afterwards, I was shaking uncontrollably and stammering - what's going on? | [
"Adrenaline dump. Your body no longer needs the adrenaline but it's still in there. You're describing the physiological effects."
] | [
"You come home at 2 a.m. Your mom says \"Do you know what time it is?\" Explaining is you responting with \"Yes, but as I was dropping Jerry off at his house, his dad had severe shortness of breath. So we used my car to drive him to the hospital. He was having a heart attack. It looks like he's gonna be OK, but I w... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why hasn't man set foot on Mars yet? | [
"> We got a bunch of robots up there, and we've walked on the moon, so it can't be too far off. This seems like a false assumption. The step from being able to send robots to creating a spaceship capable of transporting living humans there and back is enormous. There's also the factor that there's really not much p... | [
"It's science for science sake. This is exactly the type of endeavor we should be making. We came down from trees. We came out from caves. We climbed mountains. We crossed oceans. We took to the skies. We went to the moon. Why should we go to Mars? Because it's there. That's what we do."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does speeding up or slowing down a record change pitch? | [
"Pitch (or frequency) is measured in the number of vibrations in the sound, per second. If I speak or sing, I can control both the pitch and speed, so I can alter one without affecting the other. I can talk slowly without sounding unusually deep, or I can speak in a high pitch without talking very quickly. If we sp... | [
"There are signals that tell your device to turn up the volume, but you don't hear those. As for the sound you are hearing it is simply to get your attention"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do (car) motors work? And how do they use gasoline to function? | [
"This will give you a visual guide to go along with the other comments _URL_0_"
] | [
"How do you intend to use the cool air to produce electricity? You can convert electrical energy into cool air easily enough, what efficient way is there to convert it back into electrical energy? Is is more efficient than other storage methods?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does looking at a light source trigger a sneeze? | [
"The nerve cluster involved with sneezing is very close to the optic nerve. It is a common genetic trait to have a thin enough nerve sheath around the optic nerve that when it is at high energy (such as when walking out of a dark building into bright sunlight, or looking at a bright light) it can discharge some of ... | [
"If we really do not sneeze while we are asleep, does that mean that there must be a conscious decision to initiate a sneeze?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
if you can't film CRT TVs properly because the screen refresh rate is out of synch with the camera's shutter speed, how to filmmakers create shots with CRT TVs playing normally? | [
"> if you can't film CRT TVs properly because the screen refresh rate is out of synch with the camera's shutter speed, how to filmmakers create shots with CRT TVs playing normally? There are two good ways: You could synchronize the shutter speed with the refresh rate of the CRT, or you could have it show a blue or ... | [
"I found a good explanation here: _URL_0_ Sounds like it's a TV-only effect because the TV is capturing about 32 still frames per second. Apparently the live audience would have seen something different. It's similar to how you can see a choppy rotation of propeller blades on TV but in real life it looks smooth. I ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does it seem like more and more people these days have medical problems? | [
"Living longer, more inactivity and obesity, more access to care rather than ignoring issues, more willingness to speak about health generally."
] | [
"A follow-up question: Why do some people love that feeling while others detest it?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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