query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
How can skateboarders jump from tall places and not get hurt? What's the highest you can jump from and not get hurt? | [
"When a person takes a voluntary fall and can get their feet underneath them, they can flex their legs on impact to absorb and distribute the force, essentially using their muscles and tendons like a set of shocks. Skateboarders use this when they take their boards on a jump, and you can also see parkour atheletes ... | [
"What hurts when you fall a long way is the sudden stop. These people land on slopes that are steep enough, and keep sliding fast enough that they don't suddenly stop, which means they don't feel the same impact as say, hitting a wall at that speed. I'm big into these kinds of sports and we always have to take int... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's that clicking sound in your ears everytime you yawn? | [
"It is your pharyngoltympanic tube (Eustachian tube) opening. It connects your middle ear to your throat. Opening it is also how you \"pop your eardrum\" or equalize pressure within the middle ear."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it depicted on film and TV that when someone is kissed, their foot comes off the ground? | [
"It's body language, a physical manifestation of an emotional reaction, so the viewer knows what the character feels (likes the kiss). See \"curl my toes\"."
] | [
"Well, I haven't actually seen it happen, but sometimes it's just how that particular person reacts to high stressors and emotions. Oh, and also if you stand up for a long period of time with your knees locked, you'll restrict blood flow to your brain and you drop like a stone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does stress cause headaches? | [
"Stress can cause tension in your body causing muscles to tighten in your neck and shoulders causing headaches also if your not drinking enough water while busy dehydration causes headaches."
] | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the purpose/benefit of tax write-offs? | [
"To pay less in taxes. The government takes taxes evenly. When they take income tax, they have a set book that everyone follows. And then, you submit your write-offs/deductions based on your personal situation and they have you pay less in taxes. This is good for a lot of self-employed people, or contract workers w... | [
"A 'profitless company' would technically just be one which doesn't make any money because the cost of paying out salaries and expenses is more than what they earned in revenue from selling products/services. Perhaps you mean a *non-profit* or *not-for-profit* organization / corporation? Normally when a company has... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are you asked not to look in the camera when doing interview ? | [
"It's an editorial thing, speaking to an interviewer off camera = \"this person is saying this\", speaking towards camera = \"We are saying this\""
] | [
"Some very important information is needed: What state was the video made in? Did you record the video or did someone else? Was the video recorded in a public or in a private setting? Did the person being recorded know they were being recorded?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are IP addresses assigned internationally to avoid conflicts with different providers and users? | [
"In short words, every isp buys a range of ip adresses and is responsible for distributing them in that range. Compare it a little with phone numbers. Your mobile provider owns a range of numbers like starting with 0497 xx xx xx (belgian mobile provider) nobody else is going to to have this start. Same with ip adre... | [
"The MAC address is just an identifier for your computer (well, your network device, to be exact), but it can't be used to locate it. If I take my computer and fly halfway around the world, I'll still have the same MAC address but I'll be in an entirely different location, so how would packets know where to find me... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When performing organ transplants, how do doctors prevent air embolisms? | [
"A large syringe is used to flush the organ with saline solution expelling all the air... Sauce: I was a surg tech and worked with the transplant team."
] | [
"Because taking tissue from one person and implanting into another is more complicated than you might think. There are all sorts of antibodies that have to match, and even then the match is never perfect, so organ recipients are typically on immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of their life. Plus, there is probabl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
What is Copay and how is it different from deductible? | [
"A copay is what insurance companies make you pay so that you aren't just frivolously going to the doctor (God forbid!) Basically, you have to pay a small amount, say, $50 per visit, and your insurance company pays for the rest. The difference with a deductible is the deductible is what you pay first, before your i... | [
"The way it usually works is this: Premium - Monthly fee, always the same. Your work might pay all or some of this for you. Deductible - Total amount you have to spend on health-related costs before insurance starts to pay. This is often something like $2000. The first $2000 in health fees you incur in a year you p... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why waiting tables is the preferred profession for aspiring actors? | [
"It requires little to no qualifications and doesn't necessarily require you to work 9 am to 5 pm. Meaning you can go to auditions and such during business hours."
] | [
"Who's more likely to tell you their salary: a rich person, or a poor person?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What could happen if a government stopped printing money? | [
"Rules say please don't speculate so what DEFINITELY would happen is that (I'll say U.S. currency since that's where I'm from) the dollar would become stronger over that period of time. Manufacturing costs would effect consumerism and things like taxes on imports/exports would drastically change as well. I'm 100% ... | [
"There's no way for the government to do that. As soon as they spend the money on anything, it's not a secret."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how did this twitter account manage to give news on the Paris Terror attacks (14.11.2015) three days before they transpired? | [
"Have a read of the rest of the feed - it's just mashing together different headlines. It seems that it just happened to do it right with the Paris attacks, but there's plenty of other things on there that make absolutely no sense. If you keep spouting semi-random gibberish, once in a while you're going to be corre... | [
"It just happened today. It's literally the top story on /r/news, /r/worldnews, /r/canada, _URL_1_, _URL_2_, _URL_0_, _URL_3_ and pretty much every other source of news in the English speaking world. Some nut shot some random soldier on guard near the Canadian parliament. He was shot & killed. They suspect he may b... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is light affected by gravity? | [
"Well that's a pretty tough question to ELI5. The answer on that level would be mass bends space-time. The curvature of space-time is essentially what we call gravity. Light has to travel along the curves because space and time are basically related to make space-time by the speed of light itself. Light is basicall... | [
"We can't see them because there's no light reflecting from them. We can observe their effects on the surrounding space."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why did almost all videos on news sites start autoplaying in the last few years? | [
"To get your attention. Media producers know that you're probably opening several web pages at once, and that your eye may not be drawn to the content they want you to pay attention to. Even if it's not in the tab you're browsing, the audio from the video alerts you (if you have sound on) and drives your attention ... | [
"I used to be able to watch longer videos on my phone via LTE. Apparently this changed sometime earlier this week. Now when trying to watch, say, a 3-hour podcast on YouTube, it says that the video is only available on WiFi. This is very new and I'm wondering why YouTube would do this. Anyone?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it take more power to increase from say 170-180mph than it does to increase from 50-60mph in a car? | [
"Drag from rolling resistance increases at a linear rate to velocity. Drag from aerodynamic forces increases at the *square* of velocity. The larger the velocity, the bigger the square. Just to give some rough numbers: 60^2 - 50^2 = 1100, 180^2 - 170^2 = 3500, over 3x as much"
] | [
"It's actually pretty similar, but when the rocket reaches a higher speed the gasses get diluted very quickly. Think revving your engine to 4500rpm in your garage vs driving on the freeway at 75MPH."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:"
} |
why do flash drives increase in memory like 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc, but a hard drive can have odd numbers? | [
"hard drives increased in this fashion too back when they were this small. Part of it is how they are made, flash drives use multiple blocks of a common size, which is going to be a multiple of 8."
] | [
"4k refers to 3840 x 2160 resolution. It's twice 1080, and thus scales better. Also, technological advances often happen exponentially if not simply compound(ly?). It makes sense that the next steps would be 8k and 16k if anything, just as memory's gone 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and so on."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it that when you're falling from really high up, your arms and legs start spinning around all over the place? | [
"Personal experience, I hope not? It is the person trying to remain upright. By moving their arms around, you are able to adjust your angle. Humans aren't very good at it, but we are trying to do what a cat can do very accurately. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Because no matter what medium you're traveling on/in, there are irregularities and the faster you pass over/through them, the more quickly they displace you. Think of it like someone grabbing your shoulders and moving them back and forth. If they do it slowly, you dont feel much of an effect. If they do it quickly... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How will Universal Income work and benefit the society? | [
"I'm answering in a more general sense since you didn't specify a specific city. In theory, it will provide for a basic level of income to each person so that they're making enough for essentials - food, a roof over their head, transportation, etc. The exact ramifications are up for debate and honestly, nobody know... | [
"They provide services that the public requires and their failure might mean bad things for society as a whole. That's the argument at least. Not sure if I agree with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do kids fall out of the bed/why don't we fall out of the bed? | [
"I would say that it's because their proprioceptive senses are underdeveloped. This is the sensory capacity that allows us to perceive the movement and positioning of body parts related to other parts and external objects (such as a bed). The reason adults don't (usually) fall out of bed is because we have more sol... | [
"If tigers could hang upside down in your bedroom and climb down on a rope coming out of their asses nobody would talk about spiders"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are songs typically about 3.5 minutes long? | [
"Short answer: Because it just feels right. Long answer: Because we've been conditioned by years of pop radio to believe this is the perfect song length, any longer and we'd start to get bored of it; any shorter and it'd feel like we'd been robbed. It's a largely arbitrary length born in the radio age that allows u... | [
"an EP is shorter than an LP. Your 3 basic record types are a: * \"45\"- 7 inch disc which spins at 45rpm and contains just a few minutes per side. This is a \"single\" because you'll usually have one song per side * \"LP\"- typically 12 inch disc which spins at 33.33rpm and is typically an album's length- \"Long P... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Could investigators go back and test the dna evidence from the O.J Simpson case using today's DNA techniques to confirm if it was truly Simpson's DNA? | [
"There's zero doubt that it was OJ's DNA. OJ's defense was that it was possibly planted by a racist detective(Furhman) as part of a systematic culture of racism in the LA Police Dept. Whether or not it was actually his DNA was not in question. Also the murder weapon was never located, so you couldn't test that."
] | [
"Watch \"The people vs OJ Simpson\" basically the evidence against OJ was his blood at the scene, blood in his truck, and a gloved that got left behind. Seems like an easy case right? The evidence was completely botched. Police wear taking evidence home over night before booking it. The scene was contaminated becau... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does is take so long to get a college transcript? | [
"Depends on the school. Some can deliver it to you electronically, but most I've encountered do it by mail, and always with a charge. Why hasn't this changed? colleges, and big state schools like mine (not all state schools, some are great), use old ass systems and don't want to pay the money to upgrade. Our entire... | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about biology:"
} |
Why doesn't the IOC just buy an island somewhere and hold the Olympics there every time. | [
"For one, the Olympics are about international community, and isolating the games goes against that. The Olympics are also a huge draw for tourists. Cities that host the games are counting on the idea that the tourist revenue they make will offset the cost of building. Also, anyone traveling to see the Olympics wou... | [
"To give everyone a chance at hosting them, instead of just assigning them. Its supposed to be a competition, and the country with the best proposal to put on the best games wins! If there was no competition, they wouldn't be trying too hard would they."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why are so many countries aiming for 2% inflation? | [
"Economists generally agree that around 2% inflation is a rate that is desirable for an economy. Basically the reason this number is chosen is that it provides a balance between goals the government hopes to achieve . The 2% rate of inflation is chosen as: 1. at this amount , inflation is high enough to encourage c... | [
"Not a huge strain. The total cost to the country is about $182 Billion per year, a bit under 1% of our annual productivity."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
What's so special about Swiss banks? | [
"Generally, many Swiss banks use a numbered account system, not obviously attached to an actual person. Using numbers makes it more difficult to know who is doing what. [_URL_0_](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is the border between Canada and the US so straight in comparison to the rest of the worlds borders? | [
"Most borders were caused by mountain ranges, rivers, and centuries of conflict back and forth. The US/Canada border was formed by a treaty where we placed a bunch of monuments along the border and declared that to be the official boundary. When that wasn't good enough, the two governments cut a 20 foot wide cleari... | [
"Much of the northern part of Canada is inhospitable and arctic. It's similar to asking why hardly anyone lives in Greenland. It's because there is no economic reason to live in conditions like that. If you look at a population map of Canada, almost all of the population lives within several hundred miles of the US... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Economics:"
} |
Why is mileage better on highways? | [
"Two big reasons: * Starting and stopping at lights and intersections hurts mileage. * Cars tend to get better mileage at the speeds you travel at on highways relative to speeds you go at on city streets."
] | [
"Full efficiency is relative. There's no line above or below that says something is efficient. It can also be measured in MPG for the car, or Passenger mile per gallon. A church van does more passenger miles per gallon than a Prius since it carries so many more people. A lot also is effected by how you drive it. Sl... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Automotive:"
} |
what happens when someone objects to a marrige when the priest asks if anyone objects to the marrige and should speak now or forever hold your peace? | [
"The person shouts their objection and the priest asks the bride and groom if they want to continue with their vows or not."
] | [
"even in a marriage between a male and female you have the choice who keeps their last name if last names get changed at all. same in a gay marriage."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do we feel sick? | [
"The symptoms of a cold/flu are all your bodies response to fight and get rid of the infection. Sneezing, runny nose, vomiting, and coughing are all ways for your body to expell the virus."
] | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why can't my DVD/Blu-Ray player override the disc so I can skip FBI warnings, etc.? | [
"The first (and any other company) to do that would instantly lose their license to produce Bluray players and would be sued into oblivion. It's not an open format."
] | [
"So, I've read a lot of the answers, most of them are saying similar things. Where does it save the vide on your computer? For example, if I have less than a GB of space left on my computer, why can I still watch a several-minute HD video on YouTube without running out of space?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why are European cars in general much smaller than US cars? | [
"European roads are, generally, much smaller than US roads. That's historical, the buildings in European city centers constrain the size of the roads. American cities are hundreds of years newer."
] | [
"Emissions: US emissions are stricter than in other countries. It would require different emissions equipment for the EPA to allow the sale of the car in the States. Market: The bean counters at Honda decided that the type r would not appeal to Americans enough to be worth getting the car certified in the States. P... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why can we accidentally make bacteria resistant to antibiotics but we can't make ourselves bacteria resistant through a similar but opposite approach? | [
"You can. That is exactly what your immune system does. that is why the Native Americans died from European diseases, because they had not developed immunity to the diseases over time."
] | [
"No. Antibiotics fight infections in the body through subtle means that the bacteria can become immune to. Bleach kills all living things and one cannot become immune to it. It's like how a human can become immune to a virus, but can not become immune to falling into a volcano. Unfortunately, bleach cannot be used ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Microbiology:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Microbiology:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Microbiology:"
} |
What happens when a female astronaut has her period while in orbit, or zero gravity? | [
"Women can take medication to avoid having their period for a long time. Dont worry they got it covered"
] | [
"Husband and wife teams have gone into space. The odds of someone at least attempting it are pretty high. However, NASA says it's difficult to obtain an erection in zero-g because of blood flow problems. The \"Uranus Experiment\" series shows zero-g sex filmed on aircraft."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did former leaders like Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin justify, to their constituents, literally killing off entire demographics of their citizenry? Or did they bother justifying it at all? | [
"In Hitler's case, a lot of the public didn't know the full extent of what was going on. But you have to remember that your average Joe hated the Jews at that point in history - Hitler actually offered them to the U.S. and Britain, both of whom *declined to take them*. So while they might not have supported full-on... | [
"It is the theory that the further you go to the left or right, the more similar the practices go. Look at Nazi Germany vs Soviet Russia. There is a lot of debate as to whether they were truly opposing forces. The Nazis began as National Socialists, the USSR was Communist, both were associated with the left wing in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does daylight savings time affect people working the graveyard shift | [
"I said this in another thread earlier: For those of you working tonight, make sure you get paid for the extra hour, I've had to get it corrected before. You should always be tracking your own hours and checking your pay stubs anyway, but keep an extra close eye on this one."
] | [
"Because we are smart and choose not to screw with people's sleep and work schedules twice a year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What are "brain zaps"? | [
"The only context I've ever heard brain zaps mentioned in before was in regards to withdrawal from certain anti-depression medications. As in when someone suddenly stopped taking their medication, they experienced extremely unpleasant and disturbing sensations apparently best described as \"brain zaps\" that one in... | [
"First glanced at the title and thought it said \"What are Hot Pockets and how dangerous are they?\" Extremely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most mouthwash not include fluoride? | [
"I didn't realize this was a thing. Ive been buying ACT mouthwash (which has fluoride in it) for years and never really looked at any competitors. Also if I had to guess mouthwash wasn't originally designed to fight tooth decay but instead improve bad breath which doesn't require fluoride."
] | [
"Alcohol isn't actually the ingredient used to kill mouth germs, its primary purpose is to keep the actual active ingredients in solution. Alcohol free Listerine, according to their site, uses essential oils with antibacterial and anti-fungal properties. I'm unsure what ingredient in the Zero Alcohol formula keeps ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Microbiology:"
} |
How is 2:2 different than 4:4 time in music? | [
"In 2/2 time, the emphasis is on every other beat (e.g. ONE two ONE two...). With 4/4 time, the emphasis is on every 4th beat (e.g. ONE two three four ONE two three four...)."
] | [
"Because there is more demand for the 20oz than the 2 liter."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it that we get this natural cringe behavior when we hear certain sounds like nails on a chalkboard? | [
"These sounds are close to alarm calls of macaque monkeys, or possibly of some predators. This has led to the theory that these sounds are imprinted in our brains as unpleasant by evolutionary means."
] | [
"One of the most practical benefits of white noise is it can \"cover up\" potentially disturbing sounds without sounding like anything noticeable by itself. So you can go to bed and won't hear ice tumbling in the fridge, the dog's claws going clickclick on hard floors, cars outside etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why Soccer Isn't Popular in the United States? | [
"A society, just like a human being, has only a limited amount of attention. In the US, American Football and Baseball became popular before Soccer did. In Germany or the UK, it is the other way round. American Football is basically an amateur sport here, while Soccer is huge."
] | [
"1. The First Salute by Barbara Tuchman 2. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Dee Brown 3. The Civil War by Shelby Foote 4. Reconstruction by Eric Foner 5. The Proud Tower by Barbara Tuchman 6. Parting the Waters by Taylor Branch 7. Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War by John Ellis 8. The... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the reason for news headlines that say "N people died in the [traumatic event], including M women and children." Why not just say "N people died in the [traumatic event]?" | [
"news agencies are businesses. they serve up stories in a way that customers want them. you have indicated in the past that you are more interested in reading stories if women and children have died - hence, they now get specifically mentioned when possible. (you = society, not just you specifically) Similar reason... | [
"If you find the burned area later, but nobody reported it as a fire *when the fire was burning,* that seems like it would count. For crimes (like robbery, assault, etc.) there are also surveys that ask people, \"Did anyone commit this crime against you this year, even if you didn't report it to the police?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What's the difference between what congress did yesterday to sell your browser history and what yahoo/google/Facebook was already doing? | [
"You can control what you give to those sites. You can't control what you give to your ISP because they are your gateway to the net."
] | [
"Google is just combining all the privacy policies into one. They've been harvesting your data before anyway, except now, instead of past Google search keywords altering your search results, a keyword in your e-mail will also alter your search results (everything is shared among Google apps etc). tl;dr - Really not... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are brainwaves? | [
"Nerves work by propagating electric signals. Just like electric signals running through a metal wire, they cause an electromagnetic field, which can be detected with electrodes attached to the skull, which is called \"EEG\". In order to make sense of this signal, it is split into different frequency ranges, and th... | [
"The best thing you can do is to avoid misuse/ overuse of antibiotics. It is in foods/ meats as well. Most of the time antibacterial soaps are not necessary either. But for more details on the immune system, checkout these 2 Yale videos covering the immune system: 1: _URL_0_ 2: _URL_2_ Also a Yale video on antibiot... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Health and Wellness:"
} |
What is the difference between north and true north, and which is more practical to use? | [
"Also known as magnetic north and true north. Mag north moves very very slowly over the years and it's where a compass points. It's about 4 degrees off. Negligible. True north is the top of the earth's spinning axis."
] | [
"By drawing an imaginary line through the planet along the axis that the planet spins, and assigning the top end as north and the bottom end as south, relative to the north and south of the Earth. Yes, this is an arbitrary assignment -- for all we know we're upside down to the rest of the aliens in the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
Why does 1 hot pocket take 2:00 in the microwave, but 2 takes 3:30? | [
"2 hot pockets absorb more energy than 1. In a conventional oven, you set a temperature, and there's a thermometer so it can that add more heat when necessary to maintain that temperature. So while having more food in the oven means more energy will be absorbed, you don't have to set anything differently because it... | [
"Bell peppers aren't juicy fruits. Bananas are extremely juicy. My grandmother's recipe for old bananas with spots was the best way to get the juice out. 1. Put old bananas into a pot. 2. Pour ONLY 1 tablespoon of water for every banana. 3. Seal the pot with a lid. 4. Alow to cook on 1/4 heat. 5. After 10-15 minute... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why dry toast and crackers are good for an upset stomach? | [
"They absorb fluid and dependant on the type of bread/cracker it may work against the acidic stuff in your tummy and shit. I'm no expert, though."
] | [
"Try eating some food before hand. Some people experience pretty bad stomach aches when drinking water on an empty stomach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How Burt Munro's ('Worlds fastest Indian') 1967, 184mph record, set on a modified 1920 bike, still stands today. | [
"the simple answer is that they've changed the safety standards of what's expected for a bike in that category.. so much so that it's unlikely that the record will be beaten. it's also because very few people actually compete in that class. it's much \"sexier\" to race a bike with a \"BIG STONKING ENGINE\" rather ... | [
"* 1) Motorcycles are not aerodynamic at all. * 2) Motorcycles are geared and built for speed and acceleration * 3) 3.5 L/100 km is good enough Look to India if you desire ultra high mpg. There are many motorcycles there rated for less than 1.5 L/100 km. A company, Taurus, even built a diesel converted Enfield abou... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why does it feel so good to stretch in the morning? | [
"Well, stretching has many benefits. With conjunction to yawning, it is commonly found in animals who are anxious or are getting ready to hunt. Stretching gets oxygen to the muscles and gets you prepared for strenuous activities. So, it's good to stretch in the morning to get ready for the day, and the relief comes... | [
"You never closed your eyes while being outside in the sun, did you?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Biology:"
} |
What am I to my cat? | [
"First off, your cat doesn't think you're another cat. I'm not at school, so I can't look up that study for you, but it basically ended up saying that interactions between humans and cats didn't quite match up with cat-cat. So they know we're another animal, just like they know a dog is not a cat. To them you're mo... | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why aren't NASA using plans of Apollo mission vehicles to return to the moon? | [
"The Ford Model T worked perfectly well in the 1900-1930's, we could dig out the plans and make another now.. It's more than a question of cost, but of capability. Since the 60's portable computing power has exploded, materials science has had some serious developments, communications technology has improve, etc. ... | [
"The space station is currently used for conducting experiments in micro gravity. But it can also be used as a checkpoint for longer missions that require heavy payloads. For example: if we want to send a ship to the moon we can send the ship without fuel to the ISS (International Space Station) and then send the f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How is it I can wake up with my arm completely numb (from sleeping on it), and not die from a blood clot? | [
"The numbness isn't caused by a lack of circulation, it's caused by compressing a nerve at some point. From the [National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke](_URL_0_): > What is Pinched Nerve? > The term \"pinched nerve\" is a colloquial term and not a true medical term. It is used to describe one typ... | [
"My guess would be that these discomforts happened as you were sleeping. While generating your dream, your brain said ow this thing hurts lets build that into it. I remember I had a dream about getting shot in the arm. I woke up the next morning to see I was sleeping up against my wall and a nail that used to hold... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why do falling oil prices also imply tanked economies? | [
"Part of it is also tied to the price of oil extraction. Alberta for instance has been experiencing an economic boom because of the oil sands, however when the market value of petrol drops below whatever it costs to extract and process oil from those oil sands(IIRC $75 a barrel around 2000), it becomes a better str... | [
"The incident puts the near future into jeopardy. What will the political ramifications be? The military? Will there be a war? More sanctions? How will it affect business around the world? When people are unsure, investors tend to take a conservative approach to trading until things clear up a bit. That effects eve... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Economics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Economics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does a cheesy bean and rice burrito cost less than a bean burrito at Taco Bell? | [
"the real quesion is why are 10 chicken nuggets at burger king $1.49 when 20 of them are like pushing $5. fuck logic"
] | [
"If you are getting a footlong Italian with cheese, a lot of dressing and whatnot, then that is not healthy at all, your sandwhich can easily be 1000 calories, whereas a double cheeseburger from Wendy's is 790, though more fat due to having much more meat. SUBWAY isn't healthly at all unless you get something like ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
The difference between an "EP" and an "LP?" | [
"an EP is shorter than an LP. Your 3 basic record types are a: * \"45\"- 7 inch disc which spins at 45rpm and contains just a few minutes per side. This is a \"single\" because you'll usually have one song per side * \"LP\"- typically 12 inch disc which spins at 33.33rpm and is typically an album's length- \"Long P... | [
"Because you just happened to be listening to music when your \"The Complete Goosebumps Series by R.L. Stine\" arrived at the door."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:"
} |
Why do some people grind their teeth when sleeping | [
"According to the Mayo Clinic, Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) can be caused by a variety of things, including intense emotion (anger, frustration, anxiety), aggressive, competitive, or hyperactive personality types, misaligned teeth, a reaction to medication, acid reflux, or caused by a condition like Huntingtons or Park... | [
"There are a lot of nerves in our faces. Stimulating these nerves helps to keep you awake. This is why you see babies doing this a lot when they are tired and don't want to go to sleep yet."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Can physicians/hospitals legally decline to provide certain medical services, such as an abortion? What about in cases of emergency? | [
"They absolutely can but in an emergency must then help arrange transport to a facility that can perform the needed procedures. This is very common for trauma services, cardiac surgery, etc. Most Catholic hospitals that do not perform abortions have no objection to life-saving care that incidentally requires the de... | [
"* it is part of medical ethics to provide treatment to all patients in the same way * there is a huge difference between being arrested for and convicted of a crime, and a care provider should not presume someone is guilty * while in custody, the state is responsible for a detainee's well being...compromising that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Federalist vs. Anti-federalists in the founding of our nation... :ELI5 | [
"Well, it's actually pretty self-explanatory. Federalists favored a strong national government, while Antis favored decentralized government."
] | [
"I'm not sure if it was *based* on the US Constitution, but the Nigerian Constitution has some similarities (been a while since I took the class where I studied Nigeria, sorry). See *[Nigeria and the United States: Some Constitutional Comparisons](_URL_0_)* by Albert E. Utton for a comparison between the two."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
The difference between melody and harmony. | [
"Melody is a sequence of notes. Harmony is when multiple notes at the same time sound good together. When you sing a song by yourself, you sing the melody. When you have a choir singing along with you, you get harmony."
] | [
"There are things like: * Clever lyrics and humor * Rapping before or behind the beat * How smoothly the lyrics come out * The timbre of the guys voice * The quality of the beats and other instrumentation Rhythm is very important but there are simple melodies in the verses if you listen carefully."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why doesn't tin foil get hot? | [
"Foil gets very hot. It just also has the following properties: * There's not much mass to it because it's so thin, so it can only hold a small about of heat. * Being a metal, it conducts heat very well. * It has *massive* surface area compared to volume. Those three combined means that it stores very little energy... | [
"Why do I feel as though my bottles of water don't do this but instead just freeze normally in the freezer?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Zionism. Does it have a negative connotation to speak about Zionist Jews? | [
"Zionism is a national movement that started in the late 19th, which advocates for the creation of a Jewish homeland in the land of Israel, as a way for Jews to avoid persecution and antisemitism. Some people view Zionism as a colonialist and/or racist movement, since it is ostensibly the cause the current Israel-A... | [
"In the broadest terms: The Jewish faith started in the Middle East. The Jewish people left the middle east and settled elsewhere. Zionism is a Jewish political movement that seeks a self-determining Jewish state in the Middle East. The establishment of Israel could be seen as a success for the Zionists, and their ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
how can mirrors refract a perfect image and still look silvery at the same time? | [
"Since the surface of mirror is smooth and shiny. The light rays bounce back without scattering thus resulting in a clear image... The mirror looks silvery because it is coated with silver/ aluminium or other \"silvery\" looking materials. The reflection takes place on that surface"
] | [
"You can see through glass, but if you take that glass and chop it up in a pile you cant see though it anymore. Snow and ice work the same way. See wiki article for refraction"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
How does Reddit Karma work? | [
"If someone likes your post, be it a link or comment, they'll click the upward arrow on the left of it. That's an upvote, which translates to +1 karma. If someone dislikes your post, they'll click the downward arrow, which, of course, equals to -1 karma. Karma for links and comments are tracked separately. Posts li... | [
"More likes - > higher ratings - > more traffic."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How can scientist really know what cats or dogs see? | [
"You test them. You train the animal that if it picks out the right colored object, it will get a treat. First you train it with black and white, then you try it with various color pairs. If the animal can learn to pick the right color, then it can tell the difference between the two colors. If it never does better... | [
"No or at least we don't think so. Other highly intelligent animals like elephants, bears and dolphins we think have done it as well. No real way to tell since we can't ask them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer about Psychology:"
} |
- Why does anti dandruff shampoo get rid of dandruff while other shampoo doesnt really? | [
"Depends on the shampoo. Most people who think they have dandruff really just have dry scalp. Dandruff is usually oily, yellow, thick flakes with an odor. Certain chemicals can heal this skin condition and are used in shampoos, conditioners and scalp treatments. For dry scalp, you would want a shampoo and condition... | [
"Shampoo is much more mild .. Shampoo doesn't have enough 'oomph' to clean your body properly. Body wash, on the other hand, is too harsh you use in your hair on a regular basis. The whole reason Shampoo was invented was because regular soap left peoples' hair dry and damaged."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
what's the evolutionary sense in making the clitoris outside the vagina, since most women orgasm by clitoral stimulation? | [
"It is equivalent to the penis. So it's more of an accident rather than selection."
] | [
"To my knowledge (which is only about vaginoplasty), most of the nerves in the penis are in the clitoris of the neovagina, but there are also nerves through the rest of it. In which case they'll get *some* stimulation from penetration and *a lot* from clitoral stimulation... so, like a lot of women."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Why haven't there been any new books added to the Bible? | [
"Some people, like the Mormons for example, have added books to the bible, but other Christians don't accept these as being legitimate. It's unlikely you could get broad consensus from the Christian world on what should be added, even if it was an ancient text that was discovered, like the Dead Sea Scrolls. If peop... | [
"What if you want a printed version of what was said?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Can anyone explain lucid dreaming like i'm five? | [
"A lucid dream is a dream that you know you are in, and can walk around and control things. EplainedLikeYou'reFive."
] | [
"Is this explain like i'm five or explain like i'm a theoretical physicist?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If states can defy federal law and legalize marijuana, then why can't they just start deporting illegal aliens? | [
"The Supreme Court has said, multiple times over the past 200 years, that states have no authority whatsoever to regulate immigration. The Federal government's authority over immigration is \"plenary\" (complete) and \"unqualified\" (there are no exceptions). By contrast, states have always had authority to define ... | [
"Technically it's not \"legal.\" It was the federal government refusing the enforce its laws under Obama. So yes, Jeff Sessions has the power to have the Justice Department enforce the law. It would take an act of Congress to make marijuana legal, that hasn't happened. That said, the federal government doesn't real... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does some poop float and others sink? | [
"Floating poop usually indicates a diet will more fat than needed. A healthly bowel movement bm should be easy to fall out and with enough fiber, should have very little residue left when wiping."
] | [
"do they squirm when you squeeze them? if so yes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
After looking at a bright object and have its image remain in your vision after looking away, why does the remaining image drift across your vision when you try to look at it directly | [
"Because the image isn't somewhere in the air, it's your eyes being affected by the bright light meaning it's in your eye. So if you try to look at it directly, you're turning your eye to do so and it is turning with the eye, giving the impression that it's drifting."
] | [
"\"Moving one eye inward\" uses the same movements as focusing on a point very close in front of one eye. You don't actually need to move your eyes \"independently\" to do this; so long as the focal point is in front of one of them, that eye will appear not to move, but it can still be tracking a point together wit... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Biology:"
} |
How does South of the Border (on I-95 in between NC/SC) stay open? It's massive and always empty... | [
"Yeah, me and a few friends stopped by once... we hit a couple fireworks shops and spent like... $20. Nobody else was *anywhere*. I don't get it, either. Laundering front?"
] | [
"New jersey is a great place. Princeton is gorgeous. My friend's gf has a country house there and it's so cool. Thing is, no one actually \"goes\" to NJ. People drive through and the part of Jersey right next to the turnpike/I95 is so gross and industrialized. TL;DR Factories and warehouses spring up next to the h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does tensing my leg muscles help me to achieve orgasm much quicker than if I don't do it all? | [
"An orgasm is, partly, an uncontrolled muscular spasm. By tensing up your legs, you're tensing up other things, and by other things, I mean your ass, since it's hard not to when you're tensing your thighs. When you tense up your ass, you also tense up everything in the general pelvic area, including the muscles in... | [
"Not an answer: Does it? I've never tried this before. When I feel it start to rise, I somehow manage to still the reflex in the same way I can still my diaphragm with hiccups. Doesn't work all the time, but sometimes it does."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is at the edge of space? | [
"As far as we can see, the universe has no edge. Either you just find more space, or space wraps back in on itself like the surface of a balloon or a planet."
] | [
"One of these is not like the others."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the text about astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why isn't Biden running for president in 2016? | [
"* doesn't want to * doesn't have the political capital * doesn't have sufficient fund raising * hasn't announced yet Take your pick."
] | [
"They are running it because Hillary may run for POTUS next time around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The evolutionary benefits (if any exist) to having testicles outside the body as opposed to inside. | [
"Keeps them cooler. Normal body temperature is too hot for sperm production and survival."
] | [
"A longer penis can more easily deposit sperm closer to the cervix, so that sperm doesn't need to travel as far, making pregnancy more likely. There are also evolutionary pressures for a shorter penis - it's less prone to damage and requires less energy to obtain an erection. Humans differ from other primates in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
9/11 and how it all came to be. | [
"> Planes melting steal or having the force to collapse the towers? How did it fall? * steal doesn't have to melt to lose it's structural integrity. It only has to get hot enough to soften a little bit. Once it gives, inertia takes over. > Any truth to the (massive) conspiracy theories out there? * no"
] | [
"Why? No one knows. How? No one knows. But it's well understood what the consequences are."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
10% of Switzerland's population are millionaires? | [
"Two main reason: 1) Switzerland stayed out of WWI and WWII, and 2) they experience great economic freedom with low tax burden – especially for foreign millionaires. 1) Wars are extremely costly. When most of Europe and the western world ruined just about all of the wealth they attained during the industrial revol... | [
"1% of the US population is still a hell of a lot of people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why don't use normal cars use the same windshields as NASCAR cars? | [
"The priorities on a NASCAR are somewhat different than your average street car. The lexan they use for the NASCAR windshield doesn't have to last 5+ years, nor does it have to insulate against heat/cold as well. Lexan is also more expensive, and will cloud up after a while from dirt/bugs/UV rays. It's the same rea... | [
"It's all about wind. On a vehicle with a flat back, there's not enough downward force on the airflow to keep the window clear enough so as to protect the visibility. So in order to account for that, they put windshield wipers on those with flatter back windows."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are cities that live near oceans reported as running out of drinking water? | [
"You cannot drink ocean water. The concentration of salt in it is greater than that in your blood and you actually *lose* water from drinking it, leading to kidney failure and other issues. Barring sources of fresh water like rainfall, many coastal cities turn to desalination plants, which essentially squeeze out t... | [
"Because it take a lot of energy to take the salt out of water, and energy is expensive. It can make sense in wealthy places of high population in a desert, like Dubai, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What causes your ears to ring at certain times of the day? | [
"A medical issue causes this that if you have any concerns should be asked of your healthcare professional and not the internet. The phenomenon is called tinnitus and it's fairly common, but can have a multiple causes. It is usually due to natural reasons or it could be something you'd want to talk to your doctor a... | [
"A lot of nerves in your ear canal link to most of your body. Tickling them makes your blood pressure drop and thus leads to pleasure. At least that's what I read. Correct me if I'm wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Health and wellness:"
} |
The Colombian Exchange | [
"The Native Americans did give diseases to the Europeans. One of the most well-known ones was syphilis, which was a big problem in Europe for a long time. The reason why it seems like there was a disproportionate exchange is the way diseases develop in the first place. The Europeans had many large urban centers tha... | [
"British Empire -- > Post-WW2 / Cold War America -- > British and American pop culture -- > Silicon Valley."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If WiFi is just a radio signal then how can it be password protected? | [
"the signal itself can be intercepted by anyone. the deal is, though, that the contents of the signal are encrypted. you need the password to decrypt it."
] | [
"Portable WiFi hotspots use a cellular radio to access the Internet and a WiFi radio to form a local WiFi network. Is this the device you were asking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Japanese business culture. What are its main tenets/unspoken rules? Why is it so different from those of other cultures? | [
"In most other cultures, businesses evolved from hired labor, so business culture absorbed those standards. You're paid to do a specific job. If you do that job well, you can get a raise, and if you do that job badly, you can get fired. In Japan, however, businesses evolved from large extended families, so business... | [
"Generally, different parts of the world have different customs. What is normal in the US is not always normal in Australia. What's normal in Australia is not always normal in England. Even though we share a lot of common heritage, over time each of our cultures have changed enough that we all do things a little di... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
If it was such a big deal to land on the moon in 1969, then why was the last time we went to the moon 3 years later in 1972 and haven't gone back since with 40+ years of technological advances? | [
"No good reason to go back. We went there & found a bunch of shitty rocks. It turns out that moon dust is evil abrasive shit that will destroy pretty much any machine exposed to it. Going to the moon was part of the space race between the US & USSR. Basically, we were trying to show off just how advanced our rocket... | [
"We aren't the only ones. Russia/The Soviet Union and China have also been there. As for why we were the only ones who had people walk on the moon, at the time the space race was between us and the U.S.S.R. The Russians had a good first few missions, putting Sputnik in orbit and getting Yuri Gregarin to be the firs... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
When referencing a black hole and speaking of matter, why is it referred to as information? | [
"There is a scientific principle that information cannot be destroyed. I might throw a book on a fire and let it burn down to ashes, but in principle, I could take those ashes, and all the surrounding molecules of gas, and deduces from them the original book. You can't do this with something that has passed into a ... | [
"> So to such remote observer (most of us) a black hole can never get heavier than what it was at birth. To you, the remote observer, the mass is trapped at the event horizon, its passage through time has essentially slowed infinitely, and it will be redshifted away to invisibility. However, all that mass is still ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence about Physics:"
} |
How the taste of coffee can be so appalling as it approaches room temperature, but so delicious when it's either piping hot or ice cold. | [
"Different flavors (volital compounds) 'unlock' at different temperatures. You can see this yourself easily. Make a cup of tea, let it get cold, then microwave it on low power. As it gets hotter, you'll be able to smell the difference. Personally, I enjoy coffee at any temperature, but if people like it hold or col... | [
"Water has a lot of things in it which aren't terribly nice - chlorine, chiefly, but lots of other stuff too. When it's cold, you can barely taste (or smell, which is closely related) them. It's rather like why cheap beer is tolerable cold, but only decent beer is drinkable when served at cellar temperature without... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Science:"
} |
Who decides the borders for states within a country and by what logic? | [
"It is basically argued by the countries involved for eternity until they sign something that makes it concrete... and even then it still gets weird. Like most topics, CPG Grey explains it best: _URL_0_"
] | [
"France as a political entity has existed since the establishment of the Kingdom of France in 843AD. From that time until the present day the nation of France has undergone many changes of government and bureaucratic structure, but those changes in government form do not mean that 'France' ever ceased to exist as a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do dogs (and other animals) age faster than humans? | [
"Most reductive explanation: Dogs are fairly simple pack hunters, so one dog is much the same as any other dog. They live and die fairly quickly because that makes them VERY flexible. In lean times, a pack can lose a lot of its members and very quickly replenish when things get good again. For things like Humans, ... | [
"Animals are as sensitive to x-rays as you are, but they don't live as long or see the doctor as often."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why is it that when I watch American police shows, they always get people to perform sobriety tests like 'walking the line.' In Australia we use a breathalyser, surely this is easier? | [
"Typically, a cop in the US will do both for several reasons. 1) Breathalyzer results aren't always permissible in court 2) Some people become incapable of driving at less than the .08 BAC threshold. Using a field sobriety test to prove that they aren't capable of driving allows the cop to stop them from driving ho... | [
"That's a big open question right now. We don't currently have a simple, cost-effective test that accurately determines how intoxicated a person is that's equivalent to an alcohol breathalyzer. For now, they're just playing it by ear & the existing legal standards all suck."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How do we know what continents used to look like in prehistory? | [
"To add to the other answer. We also have fossils and sediment layers which show us that some parts of the earth were once covered in water. We also know that mountains were flat land and have been pushed up. The Rocky Mountains are still growing (I believe) and people have found fossils to show that they were once... | [
"You are basically correct. The global climate has changed many times, and parts of the Middle East used to be much more fertile than now. In addition, parts have moved around, and parts have come up that used to be underwater. Almost nothing was the same 100 million years ago."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
After waking from a coma or a serious head injury, how do people forget their native language and suddenly speak a new one? Do they need previous experience in that new language? | [
"Some people might change to another language if the part of their brain which controls the processing of their native language is damaged. Of course they must know the other language before they can speak it; brain damage isn't going to magically teach you another previously unknown language."
] | [
"It's possible to learn a language by completely immersing yourself in it. When you think about it, that's sort of what a newborn has to do to learn his or her first language. If you move to a country with a different language, you will eventually figure it out without formal education."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Neuroscience:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Neuroscience:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Rare Earth Metals and why they are "critical components in the manufacture of various high-tech products, including DVDs, mobile phones, flatscreen TVs and hybrid batteries." | [
"Rare Earths Metals are not actually rare, they just don't occur in great enough concentrations for people to go out and mine them in large amounts. (Although that is quickly changing due to today's demand.) They are critical components because they can do things that few other elements can, for example: Scandium i... | [
"Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, which perform the same function: they both can take a small electrical current and use it to control a larger current. Both of them can be used as switches (in computers) to perform on- and off- operations (1's and 0's) or as amplifiers. Amplifiers are needed for radios, TV's and... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why do low pitch bass frequencies not seem as "loud" as treble frequencies? | [
"Your brain doesn't perceive all frequencies at the same level. Which makes total sense if you think about it, for example the most sensitive range of hearing is around 3-5kHz which is right around the peak of baby cries. An ok-ish plot of your ears sensitivity is called the Fletcher-Munson curve which points out h... | [
"Human hearing has evolved to be much more sensitive at certain frequencies (in particular the 1-4khz region). This is so that we can more clearly distinguish things like human speech, crying babies etc. As a trade off of this, certain sounds that have their root frequency (lowest and generally loudest frequency in... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Science:"
} |
Does the US president pay for things such as food or rent, or is their term basically a 4 year long, all expenses paid vacation? | [
"They do pay for their own food- Nancy Reagan was famously shocked when presented with the first bill in 1981. _URL_0_"
] | [
"Tax cuts, large amount of spending, and two wars. Imagine you take a pay cut, increase your spending and take lavish trips where you pay for your friends to go overseas with you."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
ELIM5: what causes time? | [
"We have no idea why time exists, nor do we have any knowledge of the mechanics of why it functions the way that it does. All we know is that it is a dimension of our universe, and acts a certain way that we can predict, but we have no idea why it acts that way."
] | [
"_URL_0_ Great video on how someone becomes the Pope."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
What exactly is turbo lag? | [
"An engine turbo-charger has 2 sections. The turbine and compressor. Exhaust gases enter the turbine and cause it to spin. A common shaft drives the compressor. The compressor draws in more air for the engines intake. More air = > more fuel = > more power Turbo lag is the time it takes for the compressor/turbine sp... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do countries possess nuclear weapons? Is a nuclear war inevitable? | [
"Nuclear weapons are the greatest deterrent to war we have today. The USSR never tried to destroy its main rival, the USA, because doing so would be MAD - Mutually Assured Destruction. If you fire your nukes at me, I'll have enough have before they land, to fire my nukes at you, and we're all toast."
] | [
"Both have nuclear weapons and would probably use them if faced with an existential threat such as actually losing a conventional war to their deadly enemy. The rest of the world has an interest in avoiding a nuclear war, wouldn't you say?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do retailers store millions of credits card numbers? Shouldn't they be required to delete these once they have received payment? | [
"They shouldn't be storing credit card numbers, it's a basic component of [PCI compliance](_URL_0_). There's just lots of really bad brogramers writing shitty business software out there."
] | [
"This is just one possibility, but it could be a business you shop at that you trust. When the security of a company is breached, they aren't required to tell you. They let the banks know to look out, but you'll never be told \"This company is the reason your card info is getting stolen.\" I had this happen with tw... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Saccadic Masking, how does it work, what does it do? | [
"When you move your eyes, you don't see a blurry whoosh of movement as your eye is moving. This is because your brain stops paying attention to the signals from your retina while your eye is moving, and replaces the image with the one from before your eye started moving. Effectively, you are blind during those mome... | [
"Scientific answer: It is because of the crossing fibers in the optic chiasm and in the posterior commissure: visual input from one eye thus reaches the Edinger-Westphal (EW) nucleus on both sides. See \"optical reflex\" here: _URL_0_ TLDR; The correct answer is that the threshold for \"too much light\" is determin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
Why are there Christian missionaries all over the world, but you never hear about Jewish, Hindu, or Muslim Missionaries? | [
"Some religions have proselytizing as a required or encouraged part of the religion, while others don't. In Christianity you have \"The Great Commission\" from Matthew 28:16-20 where Jesus commands his disciples to go out and baptize the entire world and teach them his his commands. Like most parts of the bible, t... | [
"It's not just Christians though, it's a lot of different people of all religions too. A lot of Christians want to welcome them as do other people of other religions too. It seems like your saying a few people speak for everyone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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