query
stringlengths 19
300
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list | neg
list | task
stringclasses 1
value | instruction
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is ethernet and how does it differ from regular internet?
|
[
"Ethernet is just the particular type of port and network protocol which is used in wired ports to your computer. You probably know what it looks like: a larger, wider telephone connector. This is generally only used in local networks, and once it leaves the building changes to cable or fiber of some sort. The Internet as a whole uses very many different methods to move data, from fiber optics to cable to microwave to satellites."
] |
[
"WiFi connects you to your router, which is what connects you to the rest of the Internet. Your WiFi connection is basically just a replacement for a cable. Or did you mean how does WiFi itself work?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why are there no laws to stop lies in politics, like there are to stop lies in advertising?
|
[
"there was a premier of Ontario (like a governor in the states) who signed a pledge publicly not to do 'x'. A few months after being elected, he did 'x'. The dude who initiated it took it to court where it was thrown out, because politicians can be expected to lie. True story."
] |
[
"The happy imagery is designed to get you to want the product they are selling. The dangerous side affects is to conform to federal regulations related to advertising of medications."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
Why are scars clearly a different pigment color than the rest of our skin?
|
[
"Your normal skin was made slowly and precisely like a professional carpenter. Scar tissues was made in a hurry to plug a leak like an amateur DIY emergency bodger."
] |
[
"It's not staining, it's pigmentation. It isn't always brown either. It's the same sort of thing that causes the skin around nipples to be a different color than the rest of the skin."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why Japanese always do the "V for victory" symbol when totally not applicable(or just in every picture ever).
|
[
"Its a cultural thing. Like how we say \"say cheese\" when we take a picture."
] |
[
"As a follow-up question, ELI5 why I get so angry when I see every first letter capitalized in a sentence? (I'm just kidding, but still.)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
How is it that the US economy flourished and expanded so extraordinarily during the late 1940s and 1950s when the government was so burdened with war debt?
|
[
"The USA was more or less the only fully intact industrial economy. We supplied everything. To everyone."
] |
[
"The Dow Jones index has gone from 7400 to 17300; unemployment has gone from 10% to 5%; the budget deficit has gone from 1400 billion to 400 billion; GDP has gone from 14.5 trillion to 16.4 trillion. Industrial capacity has risen 25% but continues the downward trend it's been on since the 1960s (namely, production is still going overseas). Economically, we've been on a very steady recovery, and in most respects better off than where we were before the recession. By a few measures, such as industrial production per capita, we're not there yet, but we're close."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query about history:",
"pos": "Represent the document about history:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How does the pedometer know that I am walking and not just shaking my phone?
|
[
"If you looked at a graph of what the phone was recording as it moves you would quickly see patterns that were unique to walking. The phone records how it's moving (accelerating) in 3 different directions. It also records the magnetic force in 3 directions like a 3 dimensional compass. A graph of this would look like 6 lines all waving around. When you're walking you have a very rhythmic movement and it only happens in certain directions relative to the direction your phone is orientated in your pocket or bag. The same for climbing stairs and a load of other actions. The graphs of these actions will all have unique things about them that the phone can pick out to tell what you're doing. It's like recognising your voice - it's not perfect but it's getting very good."
] |
[
"Huh? I have this the other way around. When I sit it's all good, but when I stand and start to walk I have to hurry to the bathroom."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
the contact rules in ice hockey
|
[
"You cant hit (*check*) a guy if he is not actively involved in a play (*interference*). You can not use your stick to impede a players progress (*tripping* or *hooking*). You cannot elbow someone (*elbowing*). You cant intentionally push someone head first into the wall in an unnecessary manner (*boarding*). You cant smack someone with your stick to make them fall down (*slashing*). You rrally cant do anything the ref says was unnecessary. (*roughing*). Probably missing a few."
] |
[
"for: all the data against: fossil fuel interests"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is 13 an unlucky number in Western culture?
|
[
"The Last Supper, the last meal Jesus Christ shared with his 12 apostles, had 13 men total attending it, the 13th of which betrayed Jesus. So 13 was then felt to be an unlucky number by Christians because of it."
] |
[
"What drugs were popular in 19th century Britain?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
how does services like Instagram make profit?
|
[
"There are three main revenue models online. Advertising, freemium and venture capital. Advertising = letting companies get access to your users for a fee (Facebook, google) Freemium - pay extra for more features like a mobile app, or other upgrades and purchases (think Facebook gifts) Venture capital - screw the business model, let's get big and hopefully sell it to google, yahoo or Facebook. Instagram is in number 3. They tried to use the pics for ads but that was after Facebook bought them for a lazy billion. In reality most transition from venture to either ads, or paid content and upgrades. A lot just want to get bought after getting massive and if they don't succeed with a massive audience they get shuttered."
] |
[
"Google has a well established program that is reasonably efficient and profitable unlike apple. It's called adsense and that's how youtubers and viners(?) make money. Edit: a lot"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
What MUST be done to fix the water supply problems part of the world are having
|
[
"Folks simply have to live elsewhere. By most theoretical guesses, we're in the final 25% of Earth's optimal capacity as far as human population. [1](_URL_0_) At a point, society will no longer care about who has an iPhone or what happens to Don Draper on Mad Men tonight. Food resources will be spread thin and masses will be forced to sustenance farm. This is expected to begin at around 25 billion humans. [2](_URL_0_) People located near abundant supplies of fresh water will prosper."
] |
[
"Having an external issue is a good way to keep the population from being concerned about internal problems, of which there are plenty in Argentina."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
What is the point of those "Fowarding you to your download in 5.." pages
|
[
"They basically either make you look at ads, or are there to convince you into paying for a premium service. There's a *slight* chance that they're actually load-balancing and just want you to have something to look at so you don't think it's frozen and hit reload constantly, too."
] |
[
"you see that search reddit box over there on the right? You search keywords from your question. Such as: \"search for answers about questions\" or \"how does the economy work\""
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
How did modern Americans come to lose the English accent?
|
[
"It's not so much that Americans lost a English accent but that both accents changed over time. For hundreds of years, there was no regular voice communication between England and America so their accents naturally drifted. Amusingly, the closest modern equivalent to the English accent at time of early colonization only exists in America, now. In the rural areas of the Appalachian mountains."
] |
[
"It is derived from a conservative desire to keep the status quo. They conserve the traditions of the past."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
how the heck does wireless charging work?
|
[
"Pretty much the same way as wired charging works. When you plug something in, in the charger is a transformer. The transformer consists of 2 coils of wire. One it attached to the house electricity. 1 is attached (via the wire) to your phone. As current passes through the primary coil, it induces a current in the secondary coil. There is no direct electrical connection between your phone and the 120V/240V electricity in your house. With wireless charging the secondary coil is in your phone instead of in the charger. Current in the primary coil induces a current in the coil in your phone."
] |
[
"What kind of tv do you have? Just off the top of my head do you have auto motion plus turned on?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
How long does it take for vitamin supplements do make a positive effect on your health after you take them?
|
[
"Depends on the vitamin. If you have scurvy (Vitamin C deficiency) and start taking vitamin C, it can make you substantially better in as little as 8-16 hours. If you have a Vitamin D deficiency, and start taking vitamin D, it might not have a noticeable affect for more than a week."
] |
[
"No offense, but your doctors there to field such questions. Your health matters, ask every question you can ask your doctor! It takes time to build up body levels of the active ingredients in your drugs."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Why can't we mix firework colours like we can paint?
|
[
"Because light doesn't mix the same as paint. To make purple you use metals that burn purple. Adding in magnesium can make it a lighter purple, or adding zinc oxide can make a forboding smokey purple. Think of it like this: when electricity is pulsed through hydrogen it looks white, but it's actually a few colors of light mixed together. Here's a guide for what colors different metals make: _URL_0_"
] |
[
"To the best of my knowledge, this is just marketing buzz words to get people to buy your product. All dye does is color your hair, the same way brown paint will color an object brown."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What are the dangers/benifits in protein shakes and supplements concerning muscle development.
|
[
"Dangers of protein? Basically none. A lot of people say protein is bad for your kidneys, but that's only if you have a preexisting kidney condition and/or are consuming an obscene amount of it. Benefits, in addition to the fact that higher protein consumption helps rebuild muscle after working out, shakes in particular can help your muscles replenish their stores of glycogen, a sugar that they use for energy. There are an immense amount of other supplements out there with their own sets of benefits and risks, I recommend _URL_0_ as a good resource to read up on them."
] |
[
"From somebody who used to study metabolism and works out, protein supplement is to ensure you get enough protein to repair your muscles after a good work out. If you have been taking enough protein from ordinary sources like eggs and meat, then you don't actually need whey protein. But for many bodybuilders it's much easier just to take a scoop of it for that extra 20g. Everything else that they advertise, such as improved recovery or better bioavailability and what not, isn't real. Protein is protein."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Why is everyone on reddit explaining their edits? Even when it is just a typo and they added 1 letter, they write: "Edit: Typo. I was on a phone" or something like that.
|
[
"You can troll people by posting something, waiting for people to reply, then edit your post to something else so the replies no longer mean what they intended. E.g. You post something innocent like \"noodles are the best food\". Someone replies \"I agree\". Then you edit your post to say \"Hitler was right\". Now it looks like the other person is agreeing with that. To combat this, reddit shows a star next to posts that have been edited. So if you see that star, you know that the post could have said something very different originally. So when people edit for legitimate reasons, they say what they edited so you're not left wondering if the post originally said something completely different."
] |
[
"As a follow-up question, ELI5 why I get so angry when I see every first letter capitalized in a sentence? (I'm just kidding, but still.)"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How can newborn animals instinctively know how to walk moments after birth, but humans take months to be able to even stand?
|
[
"There are two reasons. One is that humans are born relatively early in development. That is, a dog or a horse might be 20% of the way to its adult form at birth, while a human might be born at 10% and take another year to reach 20%. If we were born at 20% we'd be much closer to walking around on day one, but we'd be so big that birth would be impossible. So this is our species' compromise. We're born early and small and have to be carried around for a while. The second reason is that humans are bipedal, we use two legs. This is really rare in nature. Being bipedal means we require practice, awareness, and muscle control to stand and move around without falling."
] |
[
"Humans also instinctively know how to swim. It's just that we're too smart to realize it and start fumbling and panicking like crazy in water, instead of letting basic instincts kick in. Nobody ever taught me how to tread water and stay afloat for example, but I sure know how to do it!"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
Why are birds such loud creatures? How come ground animals (squirrels, rabbits, deer, etc.) are generally so quiet while communicating compared to their flying wildlife friends?
|
[
"Birds have the ultimate method of avoiding predators - flight. They simply fly away from anything dangerous. This also means they move around a lot and so they scream and yell to find each other. Ground animals have a lot more shit to worry about. They aren't as loud so that they can hide from predators, since they can't fly away."
] |
[
"The only reason reptiles like snakes are brightly colored is to alert predators that they are poisonous. Birds are brightly colored to attract mates. Fish are brightly colored to attract mates and alert predators they are poisonous. Amphibians like frogs are brightly colored to alert predators they are poisonous. Mammals need to be camouflaged to better hunt and survive because food isn’t as easily found and predators are numerous. Edit: am stupid and confused frogs for reptiles."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why is it common to see the flag of the Confederate States of America in states which were never members of the Confederacy?
|
[
"Every state has Confederate apologists in it. It's the modern way to fly the Nazi flag without flying the Nazi flag. The Confederate flag, whatever it may have once represented, is now the flag of American White Supremacists, de facto Nazis, and other far right-wing extremists like the Bundy family, whose patron, Cliven \"Let me tell you another thing I know about the Negroes\" Bundy, doesn't \"recognize the Federal Government as even existin'.\" I don't think most people who fly Confederate flags would continue doing so if they were ever to realize what it tells the world about them. They'd certainly still do it in secret, though."
] |
[
"The Southern States wanted to keep slavery as it powered their economy. As a result many of them left the Union of States and created a Confederacy of States. The Northern (Union) States went to war to keep the Union together and bring the Confederate states back into the Union."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about History:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer about History:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
(kind of NSFW) Why my testicles ache if I get sexually excited for long but do not ejaculate at the end?
|
[
"Educated guess here. Lots of blood and lubricating fluid builds up in all the \"tubes\" of your genitals when you sexually excited, and the tubes expand a bit for better flow. The \"plan\" is all that fluid is expelled in an ejaculation, then all the blood flow goes back to the rest of your body and all your \"tubes\" constrict back to their normal size. When you don't ejaculate, the tubes eventually return back to their normal size, but all the pent up fluid is still there, so your body is trying to constrict around a mass that \"shouldn't be there.\" It's a pressure ache, and your body has to manually clean it up, absorbing the water and destroying all those \"foreign bodies\" that are sitting there."
] |
[
"A buddy of mine says that when he is startled, sometimes there is a tingle in his penis. I wonder if this is caused by a rise in your heart beat, or something related? Edit: I don't jump out and scare my friend anymore."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
- What, exactly, is gravity?
|
[
"The fundamental \"What causes gravity to have a force\" is unknown. It's one of physics' biggest questions. There are theories about where it comes from, which you can research by googling \"gravity + space-time\" or something like that. All mass has gravity. They all have a gravitational pull. The thing is, for any non-sufficiently large (like, moon to planet sized large) object, this force is so negligibly, extraordinarily small that we can't feel it. Buildings do hvae gravitational pull, but until we can build something the size of the moon, we'll never feel it."
] |
[
"Tough question, might as well ask: What is love?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
}
|
Why do gas stations charge an additional 10 cents per gallon for card transactions and why is it legal?
|
[
"Because it isn't illegal. They are a business, and as a business they have the right to charge what they want for their goods/services. Your method of payment places a burden on them, why should they have to eat that cost? You could pay in cash and pay a different price."
] |
[
"Many gas stations don't make any money off of selling gas (unless when people pay with cash and there is no lower cash price). Many gas stations make 100% of their profit from the convenience store, and car wash if it has one."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
why does running just after eating cause cramps?
|
[
"When you're digesting, a lot of your blood is directed to your stomach and intestines. Which means you have less available for your legs."
] |
[
"dehydration after sleeping too long. stretch your limbs when you get up and drink some water and eat something you'll be back in shape faster."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Sleep and its effects on the body:"
}
|
If anything we sense is converted into electrical signals that are then interpreted by our brains, why can't we capture, analyse, and re-transmit those signals?
|
[
"We can. Look at [cochlear implants](_URL_0_) which takes the sense of sound, captures it, bypasses the inner ear, and re-transmits that signal electronically to the nerve going to the brain. In regards to pain though - that's subjective, partly chemical, and not just a pure nerve/electrical thing. There could also be damage which blocks some of the signals or chemical responses to/in the brain. Different people experiencing the same injury will interpret it differently. That's why you have to ask - how much pain it is."
] |
[
"Your rods and cones can be stimulated by more than just light. Pressure, electrical activity, and the like can also stimulate them, and when stimulated they send a signal to your brain which it tries to make an image out of."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why do we sneeze when plucking our eyebrows?
|
[
"The nerves for this area are very close to the nerves carrying sensory data from your nose. The signals overlap accidentally."
] |
[
"You sneeze to dislodge irritation in your nose/sinuses. You sneeze until that irritation is gone."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
}
|
How does the brain 'click' and come to a conclusion when it receives multiple pieces of information? Why does the brain 'click' for some people, but for others, not so much?
|
[
"I'd say it depends on what information one has previously learned and trusts in. If I tell you that \"the moon causes the tides\" it may click for someone how the moon's gravity can effect a large fluid body on the earth. But for someone who doesn't know how gravity works or who's never heard of the concept it may not click for them how a big ball in the sky can move the ocean."
] |
[
"This is a rather mind boggling question when you think about it. The immediate answer is your brain *doesn't* decide what is worth remembering or not. A memory can be made more strongly depending on the context. More emotional or impactful memories will be burned it deeper. You can also decide that something is important and take conscious effort to repeat and recall it, which makes the memory stronger. But, any decision you take is, in fact, your brain making a decision! So this question can also be stated: \"Why do we decide to remember some things over others?\" And that basically devolves into individual personalities and how the brain results in emergent consciousness, which we don't fully understand."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How is the Galaxy s7 IP68 waterproof rated? Even when it has open ports like the USB and headphone jack
|
[
"The ports aren't open to the rest of the internals. Liquid and gunk can still get in the ports, but that's as far as it goes."
] |
[
"This is a really fast response, but there are little rubber rings that create seals between the phone cover and the body of the phone. That way the charging port and the battery and things stay dry because water cant actually go into the main part of the phone."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
The latter part of the periodic table
|
[
"> Why are the lanthanides (and actinides) down there? Because it's easier to print on a page than [this](_URL_0_). > Why are some masses in parentheses? Some large elements are really unstable and aren't observed in nature. Instead of putting a weighted average of the atomic masses of the isotopes we observe in the wild, we just list the atomic mass of the most stable isotope we've produced. > And what's with the elements like Uuo and stuff? Some elements have been made and observed but haven't received their fancy pants names from the IUPAC yet. They just have systematic names denoting their number on the table as a placeholder. > How are elements being made with a specific amount of protons? We launch smaller elements (of the appropriate size) in particle accelerators and ram them together. > If we have that control over protons how come we can't make materials like gold or silver? We can, but it's more expensive than just digging an equivalent amount out of the ground."
] |
[
"The other four are simply a repeat of the last four on the front"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why does dog poo come out in a swirl but human poo is usually a log?
|
[
"Maybe it's because we shit in a bowl of water, and they shit directly on the ground."
] |
[
"Unlike us, birds don't have separate ways of getting rid of their wee and their poo. They both come out the same hole at the same time. This is why bird poo is nearly always runny."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
How does Sodium Pentathol (Truth serum) work?
|
[
"_URL_0_ It lowers your inhibitions like when you drink. This makes it easier for you to accidentally confess to something. But, as with being drunk, it also makes you more suggestible or nonsensical. There's no guarantee that what the person says is the truth."
] |
[
"It really depends on what drug it is. For example, Ecstacy (MDMA) causes your brain to release all of its serotonin, which makes you feel really happy and euphoric. All psychedelics and psychotropics cause your brain to release a large amount of neurotransmitter or imitate a neurotransmitter (dopamine, serotonin, GABA, etc.) depending on the drug. Here's a short little table of some drugs and what they effect: -MDMA (Ecstacy): Serotonin -LSD: Dopamine and Serotonin -Amphetamine: Dopamine and Serotonin slightly -Ethanol (Alcohol): GABA"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why don't they just make toilet pipes wider so they don't block?
|
[
"Wider pipes require more water to push more material through, otherwise the water spreads out and drops everything it was carrying like a river delta. Also, I challenge you to make a pipe big enough that it can't clog."
] |
[
"It's just courtesy, there's no reason why the seat needs to be up/down/whatever. As for the cover, you can put it down when you flush to reduce the amount of toilet water particles that spray out of the toilet. These particles are generally smaller than you can feel or see and don't really cause health issues so long as you clean your bathroom every now and again."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
What is the purpose of tenure? In practice, is it a positive or negative thing, why?
|
[
"Its purpose originally was to allow professors and students to explore controversial ideas in an academic environment without fear of being fired for discussing them. As for positive/negative, theres no way to truly answer that as everyone and every study will tell you something different."
] |
[
"Because, as a policy, there is little impetus to change it, and what impetus there is is mostly from people with little political power. An often overlooked characteristic of such a policy is that, in it's simplest form, it exempts anyone with no income from fines."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
}
|
Why is Greenland called Greenland if it's all icy, but Iceland called Iceland if it's all green? What happened historically?
|
[
"I believe I've read that scandinavian explorers gave them those names to discourage people from going to iceland so that they could settle it easily, and encourage them to go to Greenland, which would be very difficult for them to live in."
] |
[
"The North Pole is in the middle of the water, usually covered by ice (less so nowadays because of climate change), and has polar bears, but no penguins. The South Pole is on land (Antarctica) and has penguins, but no polar bears. Also, the North Pole is in the Northern Hemisphere and the South Pole is in the Southern Hemisphere."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
}
|
Why does audio sound deeper when slowed down, and higher pitched when sped up.
|
[
"When audio is slowed down, you're stretching out the sound, effectively making the wavelength longer with a lower frequency. Speeding it up is squishing it, making wavelength shorter with a higher frequency."
] |
[
"If you're talking about FM radio as opposed to playback from your phone, I think I can help. So if you have a good enough ear to realize that a song is a half step high, you'll know that if you have two identical song files or tapes and one is played slightly faster/ pitched up higher than the other, it will be perceived as warmer, brighter, and more energetic. Radio stations exploit this effect. If there are two radio stations playing identical songs, one radio station could speed up playback to pitch the song up slightly. This would result in the station sounding more energetic and brighter to the listening population along with more inviting and maybe warmer depending on individual perception. This is in the same way that a song at A440 will sound less warm than a song with A tuned a little higher."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
Why/How is abortion still is a huge issue in America at this time?
|
[
"Why would it not be? Anything that people have a fundamental disagreement on is going to be an issue."
] |
[
"You do realize that video was heavily edited to make it look worse than it really was, right? But in general, abortion is legal and unless major changes happen to the supreme court, is going to remain that way."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why do call-ins and phone interviews on radio and TV shows sound so much lower in quality than actual phone calls?
|
[
"In audio engineering, there is a saying that goes 'anything louder sounds better' - it's something a producer has to take into account when mixing a track. In this case, it is likely that when you talk to someone on the phone, your ears are right beside the source(phone speakers), which is why it sounds better than if you were to hear it from a further(hence likely softer) source such as your TV or car speakers. Bonus: Phone communication audio quality is really bad. It generally runs on 14.4kpbs(kilobits per seconds) using old compression technology. For comparison, Youtube videos generally run on 128-256kbps & using .AAC codec(which is 10-20 times more space efficient than an old compression technology)"
] |
[
"- People with pleasant voices or voice training are more likely to become the kind of people who would record podcasts (presenters, radio hosts, celebrities). - Voices are put though filters to increase clarity of the voice, and may be touched up to make listeners feel like.. well, listening."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
If the landscape was dominated by giant 20 foot tall mushrooms 350 million years ago, and mushrooms spread like wildfire if their caps are kicked off, where did they go?
|
[
"You appear to be talking about Prototaxites, giant fossilized columns discovered in late Silurian to late Devonian strata. First, not all fungi are mushrooms. These probably looked more like asparagus spears than capped mushrooms. Second, there is some debate whether Prototaxites are fungi at all. But putting both of those issues aside, the simple answer to your question is that the species went extinct. The environment changes over time. In 350 million years the environment has changed so dramatically that species that were alive back then couldn't survive today. Change drives evolution and extinction is a part of that. This species went extinct as the conditions that allowed it to thrive changed allowing different species more well adapted to the new conditions to take over."
] |
[
"Oxygen percentage in the atmosphere. When it was about twice as much as it is now, we had dinosaurs and insects as large as dogs. Give it a little higher percentage and who knows what could have roamed the earth"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why is it that in the ocean so many different species can live in such close proximity to each other but on land it seems like they live separately.
|
[
"Volume of room. On land you have one flat plain while in the ocean layers. It boils down to volume vs. Surface area."
] |
[
"Humans are a social species. Without the strength of social groups, we would not be alive today. Since we almost always live in social groups, our brain has not evolved in a manner suited to living alone. Just as we are not great at living in a pond or in Antarctic conditions or going a month without water, these are just situations that are outside our normal operating parameters."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
For those that remember VHS and audiocassette tapes - I think I understand how you can get pictures on a tape of plastic, but how the heck did they get sound on there? How is it audible?
|
[
"I think you have the wrong idea of how they get images on the tape. There is nothing on there that resembles an image to the human eye (not even outside of the visible light spectrum) it's nothing like the reels they use in cinemas. The VHS tape is magnetic, kind of like hard drives (except VHS is analog and not digital). So you store stuff on there by magnetizing the tape in a certain way. You can do the same thing with audio."
] |
[
"Nothing. They used the same media as cassette tapes but they had a method of skipping to the next track that you just can't do with a cassette, but they were much larger so less portable."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
Why did George Lucas make the last 3 movies instead of beggining with the 3 first movies?
|
[
"When he made the first film (Episode IV), he didn't know it was going to be part of a 6-film franchise. He was just making a film. Sequels followed naturally, and I guess at some point he decided to do the prequels."
] |
[
"It means he's bitter that he sold it off and now they won't listen to him and do things the way he wants. Considering Episodes I-III aka the Prequels, this is probably a good thing. I haven't seen the new movie yet, based on what I'm hearing Disney didn't go wrong when they decided to ignore George Lucas and go their own way."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
Why do rabies cause an increase in aggression in animals?
|
[
"The rabies virus has evolved the ability to modify the behavior of its hosts - making them more aggressive to increase the likelihood that the host will spread the virus to another animal via biting. Rabies is [not the only pathogen](_URL_0_) to have evolved this behavior-altering ability. As for how exactly it increases aggression, I'm not sure. Likely by mimicking the action of certain neurotransmitters associated with aggression or promoting their release in the brain."
] |
[
"> What I mean is how can humans not get rabies unless a rabid animal bit us etc. Any animal only gets rabies by receiving it from a rabid animal. It doesn't arise spontaneously as a product of an animal biting a human. If a human had rabies and bit a dog, the dog could potentially get a rabies infection from the rabies virus in the human's saliva."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
If the government actually shuts down what does that mean for me.
|
[
"Probably the same thing it did when the government shut down 5 years ago. If you have to ask: probably nothing."
] |
[
"They provide services that the public requires and their failure might mean bad things for society as a whole. That's the argument at least. Not sure if I agree with it."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
What is the sound that hurts my ears when there's only one window down in a car and where does it come from?
|
[
"It's basically the same thing that happens when you blow over the top of a bottle and it makes a sound. When you \"push\" on the air inside a container, it will compress and then push back out in a certain amount of time based on how much air is in the container. Basically, the air moving over the edge of the open window forms little vortices which \"push\" against the air in your car at a certain rate. At a certain speed, the frequency of these vortices matches the speed at which the air compresses and expands again inside your car - this is called a *resonant* frequency. Just like when you push someone on a swing at the right time and they go higher and higher, this causes the pressure in your car to begin to oscillate to a larger and larger magnitude until it gets to the point where it hurts your ears. Hope that was clear!"
] |
[
"It's called tinnitus. You probably have a very minor case of it. It happens all the time but you don't hear it for the same reason that you can hear yourself type on a keyboard in a quiet room but not if you turn on loud music."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health:"
}
|
Why did WWII bombers always fly in formation?
|
[
"Formation allows for each bomber's guns to support the others. If a fighter takes on a bomber one-on-one, it's probably likely that the bomber will go down, if the fighter knows what he's doing. If ten fighters approach ten bombers in formation, it's going to be a lot harder to destroy the bombers, because there's going to be so much defensive fire coming at the fighters at all times. Also, since saturation bombing was \"in style\" in WWII, having bombers in formation made it a lot simpler to manage bombing runs. Instead of \"Bomber 1 aims for Target A, Bomber 2 aims for Target B, etc.,\" they can just order \"When you to Waypoint A over the city, everyone start dropping bombs.\" The formation will help concentrate bombs on the target, and reduce the demands on the bomber crew to find specific targets. EDIT: Reduced bomb dispersal, not increasing it."
] |
[
"Just a side note. You have probably seen the iconic WWII fighter planes with the shark teeth painted on. Those were the flying tigers. American pilots who volunteered to fight for China against the Japanese before the US was officially in the war."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
why is some snow great for packing and fight with, while other snow just falls apart?
|
[
"The amount of moisture (unfrozen water) inbetween the snowflakes determines how well the snow packs. Wetter snow makes better (and harder) snowballs -- drier snow does not."
] |
[
"Well the things that get harder are uuuusually soft because of the water inside of them, when that water is boiled off you get just the hard stuff, whereas other stuff just melts"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
}
|
How do people who aren't vacinated effect people who are?
|
[
"It creates a breeding ground for the disease thus making it able to evolve. If there are no susceptible hosts, the disease will go extinct."
] |
[
"Believe it or not, doctors are not evil demons who are out to infect humans in order to make a profit, no matter what the world would like you to believe. People are actually trying to help prevent disease. Those things wouldn't be in the vaccine if they weren't important. So simply put, your friend is full of shit."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
How does key-hole surgery work?
|
[
"Much the same as regular surgery, except using a small incision to allow a camera with a light to be passed into the area of interest, which is used to guide the surgeon. Surgical implements adapted to be used in the small incision space are also used, hence minimising trauma to the patient and decreasing healing time."
] |
[
"Depending on the type of surgery, it would definitely hurt a lot more."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
The protective qualities of charcoal
|
[
"It is extremely porous and has a large capacity for adsorption, meaning substances (often organic macromolecules in the situations you describe) can stick to its surface and be bound up. Its doesnt have as high a capacity as some other materials, but is cheap and can be made with varying pore sizes to suit the substance(s) being targeted."
] |
[
"Largely because someone decided to advertise them as such. There are absolutely some that absorb better or some that just create a protective barrier but those can achieve the same results. Most of what you'll find out there is advertising and company funded research. In addition to things you've listed you can find advocates for bees wax products, petroleum based oil, coconut oil, canola oil, avocado oil, and others."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Is there any particular reason beer bottles are brown? Or clear? Or green? Or is it purely aesthetic?
|
[
"Sunlight causes some beer to get \"skunky\". Amber and green bottles help protect the beer from light and allow it to be stored longer."
] |
[
"They use different preservatives for different containers. The preservative used for glass is apple based so it’s a little sweeter. Source: Father in law worked at a soft drink factory most of his life Edit: This is in Australia. I can’t remember exactly what the other preservatives were - but there is definitely different recipes for different containers. Glass, aluminum and plastic all behave differently, and affect whatever you put in them in different ways. Hence the different preservatives."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
- Why does Technetium not occur naturally?
|
[
"It does occur naturally. It's created in supernovas (just like all other elements heavier than iron). But it's unstable, and even its most stable isotopes have a half-life of \"only\" 4.2 million years. Which means that, 4.2 million years after the creation of technetium in a supernova, only half will be left, and 4.2 million years later, only half of *that* will be left (a quarter of the original sample) etc. So almost all of the technetium that originated in the supernova that created the matter that our solar system was formed from has long sense decayed into other elements."
] |
[
"Water is Hydrogen *ash*. It's already been burnt. It won't burn again."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Chemistry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Chemistry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
Why arent any saudi royals on the top billionaire lists? are they not filthy rich from oil?
|
[
"Those guys are also not particularly transparent. Since Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, the country's budget and state investment funds are also the royal family's own wallet, whereas \"conventional\" billionaires own far more easily detectable corporate assets."
] |
[
"why do celebrities make/advertise go fund me accounts? why do businesses that make millions or billions of dollars still demand tax cuts or publicly funded sports stadiums? Why do women still expect men to pay for dates? Never pay ypurself if you can get other people to pay. Thats how you become rich in the first place."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Social Issues:"
}
|
How come when a TV station plays reruns of a show they don't play them in order but instead play the same few that repeat every few weeks or so?
|
[
"Those episode have the highest ratings and attract most viewers, meaning the station can pull in more advertising revenue"
] |
[
"I have also noticed that many times small scenes are cut out of movies (on network channels) to also widen the movie/commercial ratio. It's interesting too because the networks will put a one and a half hour movie into a two hour time slot and still cut scenes out."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
Why do artist still release singles? Especially now that with streaming services, you can buy/listen to individual songs.
|
[
"Publicity mainly. Big singles generate buzz for artists in the run up to an album release and can pump up sales."
] |
[
"The value add provided by these compilations is mixing and matching tracks from a variety of sources. They pay the original artist $x for the rights to have it on their album. Then they charge you $x+a little bit extra on the compilation album. Depending on the genre compilation albums are a great way to get a dozen good tracks without having to pay for a dozen whole albums (and thus taking a chance on the *other* tracks). But wait, you say, in this day and age of iTunes and EDM sites like Beatport, where you can buy individual tunes, why do people still get compilations instead of picking and choosing tracks? Compilations are still good for exploration. Back in the 90s and I was getting into all genres of electronica, I'd know maybe one track, or one artist that I knew was good..... so I'd look for compilations that had that one familliar artist/track on it, hoping that the other tracks would be ones that I like."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Music:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Music:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why are the letters on a QWERTY keyboard placed where they are?
|
[
"It is related to how typewriters used to work. As I understand it, when some keys are pressed too soon after eachother, the typewriter gets stuck, and QWERTY was developed in order to minimise the cases where this would happen."
] |
[
"Finally, a question that I actually know! What we commonly use now is called the QWERY keyboard. It's layout was first designed for typewriters. The layout is actually designed to make you type slower, by putting commonly used letters far apart from each other. Notice how the average word uses a large area of the keyboard. This was done because typewritters were known for jamming, so slowing down your typing speed helped prevent jams. Now that we don't use typewritters anymore, there has been a movement to switch our layouts to something much more efficient. There are several candidates, such as the AZERTY keyboard, QWERTZ, and the DVORAK. The world record for speed typing was actually done on a DVORAK keyboard. Since it's design is based around efficiently typing words. However since 99% of the population is trained on a QWERY keyboard, it is unlikely that the standard will switch anytime soon."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
How does Intel physically link together billions of transistor's to work on computer chips?
|
[
"As others have said, light and chemicals are used to \"flash\" the transistor pattern onto the silicon using light and chemicals, but do not think this is necessarily a foolproof process. This is why Intel has several different types of chips for each generation of iX. For example, when manufacturing an i7, something screws up and messes up one of the cores. Intel will take it, disable 2 cores, and call it an i3. If the connections are somewhat sketchy, for example they are manufacturing an i5, but the connections are too poor of quality to have a high clock speed for let's say a 6600K, they will down clock it, remove overclocking, and call it a 6500."
] |
[
"Multi-processor: Two or more separate processor core chips each in their own IC package. Multi-core: Two or more processor cores in printed next to each other on the same silicon wafer packaged in the same IC package. Multicore is faster (aside from clock speed there fewer hops for data to travel) and uses less power than the older multiprocessors (voltage requirements have been decreased and components got smaller). Multicore isn't a new idea but now with smaller silicon printing and lower power requirements it's possible to cram millions of gates and transistors in a very small area and not melt the wafer. Modern operating systems are also making better use of multiple CPUs then previous generations."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What led to the rise and fall of Ringtone Rap?
|
[
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] |
[
"One of these is not like the others."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
What do fraternities and sororities actually do?
|
[
"They do many things. 1) Set up a structured way for people with similar interests to become friends. 2) Provide student housing. 3) Network with Alumni giving professional contact points for after you graduate. 4) On most campuses they provide community outreach with various volunteer activities such as habitat for humanity, working soup kitchens, etc."
] |
[
"Reddit in general has a strong anti-fraternity bias, so please be aware when reading the responses. /u/PlankTheSilent has a good answer. To add a few more points: * Fraternities and sororities are known as Greeks (or the Greek system) because they identify themselves with Greek letters. Delta Tau Delta is an example. These letters have some meaning as a phrase, acronym, or motto, which is usually a secret only for members to know. * Greek organizations are fairly secretive, having traditions, rituals, mottos, handshakes, etc. that aren't known to non-members. * People will often refer to fraternities as \"frats,\" but this is generally considered rude by Greek members. I graduated as a member of one of the largest national fraternities in the US and would be happy to answer any other questions."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Education:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Education:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Education:"
}
|
Why is the 40-yard dash the magical number for gauging a football player's speed (as opposed to some other metric)?
|
[
"While coaching Ohio State University Buckeyes football team in 1941, Paul Brown emphasized team quickness. One way to calculate this was for him to time his players covering a punt. At the time, the average punt went about 40 yards from the line of scrimmage and had a hang time of about 4.5 seconds. He would then time his players to see if they would be able to cover an average punt, or run a 40 yard dash in 4.5 seconds. He continued with this strategy after becoming the head coach of the Cleveland Browns. The practice gained popularity from others as years went on and is the standard today."
] |
[
"Football is a sport that requires a lot of muscle in *almost* every position. The amount of muscle one human being can put on is limited by the amount of testosterone he or she generates. This is why women typically have so much less muscle mass than men. West Africans have much higher levels of testosterone than whites on average, so when you go out to the 99% percentile of testosterone levels, you get a disproportionate number of black dudes. With an obsessive coach who has millions of dollars on the line and a state-of-the-art university gym, the only important upper limit to the amount of muscle a college athlete can put on will be his testosterone levels (plus not getting injured). So when it comes time for the draft, you see a lot of black guys. But in special positions (I think this is also true of kickers, right?) the muscle mass of the player isn't nearly as important since he wants to avoid colliding with other players whenever possible."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
How is international law actually enforced?
|
[
"International law isn't technically enforced, though you'll become quite unpopular if you do break it. The UN is a diplomatic channel first and foremost. It's not and has never been anything even close to resembling a world government."
] |
[
"In principle: * Promoting economic development which promotes global stability and US economic interests In reality (the vast majority of the time): * Effectively buying favors from foreign governments."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about International relations:"
}
|
Why do black people and white people have distinctly different voices?
|
[
"The great majority of differences between how people speak is cultural. Grow up without access to a culture and you aren't going to develop that culture's speech patterns. A smaller factor is that the structure of the organs which produce our speech does vary a bit between people with different recent ancestry (e.g. West African or European ancestry). Even then, the differences within these groups is usually greater than the differences between them."
] |
[
"Why are noses different in size, why are people different heights, why do we have different hair colors?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Biology:"
}
|
Why do lightning strikes leave a branching pattern on whatever they strike?
|
[
"In the air, lightning initially [branches out all over the place](_URL_1_) searching for a path to the ground. Air is normally a bad conductor of electricity, but once the electricity starts flowing the air becomes a plasma that conducts quite well. So all the lightning follows the first path that made a connection. Once it strikes, say, a tree however, the opposite happens: Normally, a tree is a better conductor of electricity than the air. But once electricity starts flowing, it burns the wood, increasing it's resistance. So path of least resistance keeps changing as the electricity flows through it, [creating a branching pattern](_URL_0_)."
] |
[
"This is a good one. I know that if you were to capture a landscape on film during a thunderstorm and in superslowmotion you'd be able to see tentacles of lightning coming out of the ground prior to the impact of the lightning. For all I know that could cause a static field. Im unsure about the ring if it's possible that would become a conductor or have a current running through it due to that phenomenon. I'm also very curious if people can explain this one. Fun fact by the way. It's better to be hit by lightning directly than a strike close-by. If the lightning starts running along the ground I could go up your leg and down the other. The greater the distance between your feet the more dangerous it will be. That's why you'd sometimes see dead cows without a clear impact damage to the body."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
}
|
The history of the situation in Ukraine, beginning with the coup earlier this year.
|
[
"First of all, there are two different narratives for what happened and the coup only happens in the Russian narrative. They are: Western narrative: The people of Ukraine rose up against their evil pro-Russian government. These people rising up might have included a few fascists, but they were an extreme minority and unimportant. Anyway, the Russian bear wasn't having it and annexed Crimea with a fake referendum and is now arming separatists to fight against Ukraine's wonderful pro-western government. Russian narrative: The evil West engineered a fascist coup against the legitimate government of Ukraine. Most people in Ukraine, especially ethnic Russians, are against this new government. The people of Crimea freely chose to join with Russia and now there are heroic freedom fighters wanting to separate from the scary western government and get back into the safety of Mother Russia's bosom."
] |
[
"Even the official story is far from bloodless if you consider the various conflicts in Ireland and Scotland."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why I Hate Waking Up but Some People Love Mornings
|
[
"Some people love mornings because they're fucking insane."
] |
[
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Adapted For. Vitamin-D Deficiency Was Very Common In Black Children In The Northern US And Europe Before Modern Technology Made Nutrients More Easily Accessible. Being Black Or Brown Outside Of The Tropics Would Have Been Maladaptive For Most Of Human History Because There Would Not Have Been Enough Sunlight For Proper Nutrient Uptake. Capital Letters."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
Why, in virtually every picture of the Earth taken from space, is North shown as being at the top of the picture?
|
[
"Just by convention. That's what most people are used to seeing. Same reason why when you take a picture, you hold your camera so the top is on top. Nothing's stopping you from holding your camera upside down when you take the picture, or from showing people your upside-down pictures. It's just that by convention, we orient our pictures so that \"up\" is at the top."
] |
[
"If the moon is directly above you, the it will NOT be visible on the other side of the earth. It will be a dark, moonless night for them. If the moon is to your left, it will appear to the right in the sky of someone on the other side of the earth from you. The moon is high above the earth. Therefore visible to a large part of the earth simultaneously."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Physics:"
}
|
Can you explain second and third sounds?
|
[
"Second sound isn't sound at all. When helium is super cooled (to about 2 Kelvin), heat is transfered in a wave-like motion rather than the more usual methods. It's called the Second Sound becauase the heat is transfered in a wave-like motion, similar to houw sound propogates through air. Third sound isn't a sound either (in case you hadn't guessed that already). It's another wierd quantum effect of super-chilled fluids, where waves propogate in a thin film that can creep up the walls of a vessel. [Second Sound.](_URL_1_) [Third Sound.](_URL_0_) **TL;DR:** They're not sound, but rather names given to strange quantum mechanical wave-like effects (that look a bit like how sound propogates in air) noticed in super-chilled fluids."
] |
[
"Could you clarify what you mean by natural causes?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
When an artist/band's "Greatest Hits" or "Best Of" album is released, how does the process take shape?
|
[
"A Greatest Hits album is common in any record deal. After so many releases, the artist and the label (to varying degrees, of course) will get together to assemble the track listing and many times, the artist will be required to produce a number of exclusive tracks for the release. All of this will depend on the artist and their deal."
] |
[
"It's usually a cover they can't afford the rights to, or something that doesn't fit in well with the rest of the album. The same is usually true for unlisted tracks."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
What would happen if Coke stopped advertising for a year?
|
[
"I used to wonder why some companies, like McDonald's and Coke, don't just skip advertising for a while. Maybe only do it every other year. They'll save millions, and it's not like there's any people out there who aren't already familiar with their products. But you know, I think they have a very good reason to advertise so much, despite such good brand recognition. There's a reason they'll show you commercials with big burgers up close, and billboards of cold Coke bottles covered in droplets of condensation. And that reason is for impulse buys. They want you to suddenly think \"Hey you know what, I could go for a burger right now\" while you're driving home from work, or \"Yeah some Coke sounds great\" as you're driving to the grocery store. So yeah, I believe that if they stopped advertising, they would see a large drop in sales. No, nobody will suddenly not be aware that there is Coke out there, but a lot less people will suddenly buy Cokes on impulse."
] |
[
"If they never advertised they wouldn't stay on top forever. Competitors are always trying to break into the market, so even if your product is the best now, you need to work to stay there. You see the same thing for other industries. Coca Cola pretty much dominates the soft drink industry, to the point that \"Coke\" and \"soft drink\" are almost synonymous, but they still advertise because if they don't one of their many competitors might take over more of the market."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about Technology:"
}
|
Why are multi-billion dollar companies able to file for bankrupcy and why does the government bail them out?
|
[
"Some companies (e.g. banks, car manufacturers etc.) may be considered 'too big to fail' because so many hundreds of thousands of people (e.g. employees) fully depend on these companies operating that it would arguably do more harm than good to the greater society to let the company fail as opposed to provide bail-outs to get them back on track. In other words, letting some of these companies fail may be seen as more disastrous and disruptive to the economy than the expense of providing financial assistance to prevent the company from failing."
] |
[
"They file bankruptcy like any other business. Their liabilities exceed their ability to pay so they're bankrupt, and they file the necessary paperwork and through the court work out with the people they owe money to how to resolve the debt. It's important to understand Chapter 11 bankruptcy doesn't mean your debts just disappear."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
why do your ears ring after loud noise and have been damaged?
|
[
"The cochlea in each of your ears is a spiralling organ that contains a bunch of tiny little \"hairs.\" When sound is transmitted from the air into your cochlea, it travels through the cochlea and depresses hairs corresponding to different frequencies. [The hairs further and further in the spiral](_URL_0_) correspond to lower-pitched sounds. The hairs right at the entrance correspond to high pitches, and are the most vulnerable as they take the bulk of the \"impact.\" When something super loud hits your cochlea, those hairs are depressed, and they stay that way for a bit. This means that your brain constantly hears a high-pitched ringing noise until the hairs stand back up. When something is loud enough to permanently damage your hearing, those hairs corresponding to high pitches never fully recover and constantly send the signal to your brain that you're hearing a ringing sound. They persist indefinitely in the \"on\" position."
] |
[
"peoples blood pressure is lower when they first wake up. this makes them more sensitive to the cold."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
why is it that land that was hit by an atomic bomb (Hiroshima/Nagasaki) is fairly quickly re-inhabitable but sites like Chernobyl and Fukushima take decades to be radiation free?
|
[
"The atom bombs in Japan were airbursts - they didn't blow up on the ground. This resulted in maximizing destructive potential, but very little fallout that spread radioactivity to debris. A nuclear power plant like Chernobyl has many, many times the amount of nuclear fuel in them. Then, the plant exploded, spewing radioactive material and debris everywhere. Not only that, but the radioactive core of the plant is *still there*, buried in rubble underground."
] |
[
"No, because looting. You don't die instantly from being in an area of high radiation, like parts of the Chernobyl region. We think of that as a catastrophe, but people were back at work at the plant *days* later. Insane, right? Well, no, the plant was operational for years (like, 20 years) after. Chernobyl had a full-time staff and was producing power for Ukrainians until about a year ago. The people whose homes got looted early on were in the \"Exclusion Zone,\" a range around the plant that actually was dangerous (and still is). They left, but there were actually very few people (relatively speaking, of course) hurt by the '86 meltdown. The creepiness of the photos you see of Chernobyl is not unique to Chernobyl, it's just the fact that places that are abandoned are creepy as shit."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
If weed is a depressant, why does my heart start to beat faster whenever I smoke?
|
[
"> If weed is a depressant That's just it. It's not a depressant. At the high level it's a psychoactive compound - it can cross the blood brain barrier and can act on parts of the brain. Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens are all psychoactive. Weed is basically in a category of it's own since it doesn't fit into any of those categories perfectly but rather can have effects from all three in varying combinations."
] |
[
"A single dose doesn't get you high for days at a time. A single dose makes you ask yourself why you ever decided to be sober in the first place...At which point you fix your lawn mower while saving your marriage right before you vacuum your ceiling."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
}
|
How do they blur moving things for TV shows, do they have to do it frame-by-frame?
|
[
"Yes, or some software let you put a marker on the image. Let's say, a finger. Well, a finger is going to be a bunch of beige pixels. So when it moves, the computer only has to track a bunch of beige pixels around, it knows where to censor. It's a bit harder when you have to track something small, or something that changes color and shape. But even then, it helps, because instead of doing painfully slow frame by frame, you only have to click where to track every few seconds. (There may be more methods out there, those are the two I know of.)"
] |
[
"They have a bunch of people cut out the foreground from the background (rotoscoping) and place it in depth using software. They move stuff around and paint out the seams. Then they re-render the movie from two virtual cameras. Turns out a lot people aren't very discerning when it comes to 3d, and it's cheaper and less hassle than using two cameras during the shoot."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
Why does a battery decrease without being used?
|
[
"All batteries slowly lose charge over time. This is because all batteries use a chemical reaction to store energy. Over time this reaction breaks down inside the battery. Without getting too deep into the chemistry the reactions in batteries are non-spontaneous, meaning they won't just happen in the world on their own. They require energy (the charging) to happen. When this energy is not there it will try and get back to the way it was before the energy was there. Each battery has a different self discharge rate different depending on the type. Here are a few in \"normal\" temperature range. The higher the temperature the greater the rate. Primary lithium-metal 10% in 5 years Alkaline 2–3% per year (7-10 years shelf life) Lead-acid 5% per month Nickel-based 10–15% in 24 hours, then 10-15% per month Lithium-ion 5% in 24hours, then 1–2% per month (plus 3% for safety circuit)"
] |
[
"Car batteries come in different types and some cars use power while not being on for things like an alarm or a light on a dash or something to that effect. Eventually the batteries die like this. Sometimes if a battery has been storing for a really long time it will simply lose its charge. third is due to the battery losing done of its charge in other reactions which can eventually completely discharge the battery. Most car batteries are able to be completely recharged and run for a long time if properly maintained."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
Would the predator on to Catch a Predator still get arrested if they never ended up showing up?
|
[
"Likely not since you can't prove they were ever actually going to show up at all. You can't arrest someone for thinking about committing a crime."
] |
[
"Oh this one is awesome. I had to look this up too, and it tooks a bit of reading. So as it turns out, You have to be caught in the act. They can not be arrested because they may or may have not been making moonshine or just boiling water. Awesome legal loophole. Then during one of the shows I think they just explained it and it made me feel stupid for doing all that reading."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Law and Entertainment:"
}
|
Why do we still take test and learn the same as how people did in the whole of history when technology has advanced so far?
|
[
"Learning has advanced a great deal since formal education began. There are some things that have become redundant, and some things may seem useless. For instance, why bother learning that there are 4 quarts in a gallon when I can just look it up? But many people, myself included, would argue that a fundamental understanding of the simple elements is necessary for an understanding of the complex. Albert Einstein wouldn't have been able to come up with the things he had if he hadn't been good at math (he didn't actually fail math, that's an urban legend). Facts tend to rest on other facts in our minds, and rote memorization doesn't lead to understanding; a book can contain all the facts in the world, but it doesn't come up with new ideas."
] |
[
"Do you realize that entire college degrees are spent understanding this topic and its applications?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
why do we lose our appetite when we see/hear something unpleasant?
|
[
"It's an evolutionary thing. What if every time you saw a piece of poop, it made you hungry? You would be much more likely to eat poop. And people who eat poop tend to get diseases and die. So we're programmed to be disgusted by it. It's the same reason why people like unhealthy food. We're biologically programmed to go for the more calorically dense food because it would keep us alive."
] |
[
"why do we yawn when we read about yawning?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Why do we enjoy watching televisions shows that involve drugs/killing/relationship drama/anything else that we would never want to happen to us in real life?
|
[
"The same reason we have nightmares. It's emotionally healthy to explore dangerous and upsetting situations in a healthy and safe setting."
] |
[
"Two main reasons. First is we are very desensitized to violence particularly in the US and it has long since lost any shock value, the same is not true of sexual assault. Second murder as depicted in the show does not happen very often, or maybe it's better to say your average Joe is not likely to encounter it in their day to day lives. But sexual assault IS pervasive (or again at least more so than murder by sword). As a result people who have experienced or been effected by sexaul assult in their own lives may be upset more easily from seeing it depicted on shows like Game of Thrones. I am not going to weigh in on the validity of this, I am just answering your question."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
}
|
Why can't you remember when you were a baby?
|
[
"If you don't have storage space, where do you put stuff? The neural structures that store memories and things literally don't exist in a newborn's head. They've got no storage space. They literally don't possess a conscious memory yet."
] |
[
"Think this is just you, to be honest. I never heard of this before."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
}
|
Why do we have to eat and urinate throughout the day, but can make it through 8+ hours of sleep just fine?
|
[
"During sleep, your metabolism slows. Your digestive and renal systems shift into a slow mode so they produce less waste."
] |
[
"The same way you do. Different cues, such as it getting dark and quiet, tell the brain to release a hormone called melatonin which puts you to sleep for the night. As a side note, you are incredibly lucky to have a baby who can sleep that well at 7 months!"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Health:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
why do a lot of part-time jobs require you to fill out a questionnaire that asks you many questions that are seemingly irrelevant to the job itself?
|
[
"What sort of questions do you mean exactly? Usually just because it doesn't look like it is job related, it might very well be, but it will be easier to be more precise in answering your question if you could give some example of the questions you have encountered."
] |
[
"because there's no law that says employers are only limited to what you write on your resume. right now, employers already do criminal background checks, call your references, call your university records, etc etc. why would facebook be any different if you decide to post publicly?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
}
|
Why do even videos from the 2000's appear to be very old/low quality when we remember viewing them in higher resolution.
|
[
"You said it, higher resolution. They'd look just fine if you were viewing them in 800x600 or 1024x768, but you're not. You're viewing them in 1920x1080 or higher, stretching the video onto an area several times bigger than intended."
] |
[
"It's kinda a strange concept, but since old movies were taken on real film, the film itself is basically HD (It's not that hard to realize either, if you look at some film, it's very very high quality picture) As long as you have the old film, it'll be convertible into HD into at least the near future (Past the time that say, movies taken in 2000 will be directly convertible). However, it's worth noting that, even if this wasn't the case, you can still convert a very low-res movie into HD, that's what happens when you watch a non-HD movie or non-HD TV channel on an HD TV (basically). You probably wouldn't call it HD though just because it doesn't look very good compared to things which were made in HD. When converting in this way, as long as the producers are willing to put a little money into it, you can touch-up the quality a bit so it looks much more like it was made in HD rather then converted."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
Why don't we experiment with colonizing new worlds by building on the Moon first before going to Mars?
|
[
"That was exactly the plan with the [Constellation Program](_URL_0_) but then the financial crisis hit and suddenly no-more moon money."
] |
[
"There will eventually come a point where earth can not support any more people. Resources and space are limited. Eventually that will mean either severe crowding and starvation OR pack up and start colonizing other planets. The logical choice is of course to begin spreading out among the stars."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
What is the difference between watts, volts and amps? Amp hours?
|
[
"Watts is power. It's how much work you can do in a given amount of time. Work is energy, usually expressed in Joules. Amps is current. It's how much charge is going through in a given amount of time. Voltage is potential. It's how much energy can be released per unit charge. Volts * amps = watts. Amp hours is current * time. It's how much charge it can provide before going flat. Multiplying by voltage will get you energy, but voltage doesn't stay constant so it's a little more complicated. To use the good old water analogy, voltage is pressure, amperage is how much water is flowing. amp hours is the volume of the water tower."
] |
[
"There are three important pieces of information you need to know to calculate charging time. 1. The capacity of the battery. This is usually measured in watt-hours, not simply watts. A watt hour is an amount of energy needed to generate one watt of power for one hour. 2000 Whr would mean that your battery could provide 1 watt for 2000 hours or 2000 watts for one hour. 2. The voltage output of the charger. The voltage that the battery puts out is irrelevant. 3. The current (amperage) output of the charger. If you look at the charger it should tell you how many amps it outputs. Multiply #2 by #3 and you will get the wattage output of the charger. If it outputs 100 watts then it will need 20 hours to charge a 2000 Whr battery. Hopefully you can do the rest of the math from there."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
Why do we sound different to ourselves on camera or audio recording?
|
[
"Sound reverberates around inside our head through numerous large sinuses before we \"hear\" it. This distorts what our voices actually sound like. Assuming proper recording tools, what you hear on an audio recording is exactly what you sound like to other people."
] |
[
"Women have higher voices that carry better over background noise. Try watching women's tennis sometime."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why do we have to go through US customs in Canada, but not the Canadian customs in the US?
|
[
"It used to be that you went though US customs in the US, and Canadian customs in Canada. Some smaller airports continue to work this way. But then the US introduced customs pre-clearing, so instead of checking after you've arrived in the USA, the check everything before you get there."
] |
[
"Do you mean places where people can enter the United States and be inspected by immigration officials? They're called Port of Entry's. There are many all over the southern border."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
}
|
Why do trees have rings?
|
[
"Trees grow slower in winter and faster in summer. In winter the wood that is grown slowly is denser and has a darker tint."
] |
[
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
}
|
What causes the blacked out eyesight when people stand up to fast?
|
[
"[Orthostatic hypotension](_URL_0_). The blood literally drains out of your brain as you stand up, before your heart can adjust to your new posture and up the pressure enough to keep you functioning normally. As a result, you go a bit woozy, see stars, and sometimes even pass out."
] |
[
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
What causes the jumping feeling in your stomach when you go down a quick hill while driving?
|
[
"Your innards/gut is used to gravity. It doesn't have the normal sensory nerves that your skin has. Upon traversing a sudden drop/hill, for microseconds you experience a \"less than 1g\" environment. Your body reacts but bones and muscle react differently than inner squishy, liquidy guts. They probably rise a bit and rather quickly. The \"sensation\" is how your body interprets this sudden loss of weight and shifting that occurs in the gut soft tissue. If you ask men, they also feel it in their testicles and its a much more, um, exhilarating? feeling. :D"
] |
[
"Similar risks to riding a roller coaster- the excitement could mix poorly with certain health conditions. Heart conditions in particular come to mind- your heart will probably beat like crazy. It's also possible to injure yourself on the landing even with a fully deployed parachute."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
}
|
Why doesn't our vomit contain the strong acids in our stomach and react (burn/melt) with things once it leaves our body.
|
[
"It does. But the acid in our stomach is dilute, it is not like some kind of super acid you see in movies. If you vomit on some metal and leave it there/keep vomiting on it, you will see that it erodes. This is also why people who have bulimia damage their esophagus and teeth. The acid from their vomit is constantly eroding them."
] |
[
"I believe it's because your stomach acids no longer have any trace of actual food to eat away at, so it begins to eat away at your actual stomach, causing pain."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health and Wellness:"
}
|
1000 years frozen in Futurama
|
[
"If you're wondering how he eats and breathes, and other science facts, just repeat to yourself \"It's just a show, I should really just relax.\""
] |
[
"Related: what happened to the similar but different term Lakonia?"
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
}
|
What led game designers away from Mac as a viable platform for their content?
|
[
"The most likely reason is market share. If you have a set amount of resources, do you design for the 95% or the 5%."
] |
[
"PC ports have to run appropriately on many, many different types of hardware unlike when a game is developed for a console."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about videogame development:"
}
|
Why does the right hand rule exist? Why don't the laws of the universe result in a left hand rule instead?
|
[
"The right hand rule could totally have been the left hand rule. You just need to use different fingers with a different gestures if you think about it. The right hand rule does not define the laws of nature. It is just a way people come up with to visualize the relations of all of those forces and directions of movement. It is purely a product of convention. As to why the relation between all the elements that compose the right hand rule is this way, that really is a similar question to why the earth goes around the sun, and why birds can fly."
] |
[
"Super unsatisfying answer ahead. It just does. Current and magnetic fields are entwined together to the point that they are basically the same thing. Any change in an electric field will create a corresponding change in the magnetic field. The opposite is also true to the point that trying to view them as two separate phenomenon doesn't really make sense. The net result is that current and magnetism are two sides of the same coin. Electromagnetism. Asking why they are always in tandem is sort of like asking why a trough in a wave always follows a crest. You just cant have one without the other. If you where wondering the more mathematics explanation of how they interact, then you might wanna try to learn about the Maxwell equations. They are sort of confusing and to be honest i dont understand them nearly enough to accurately explain them."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
}
|
Why are most corporations considered evil?
|
[
"A company's reason for existing is to make money for the owner(s) and shareholders. They have no social responsibility except to obey applicable laws. Some of the things some of them do to make money may be considered questionable or even evil. Take for example Myriad Genetics which owned a patent on methods of testing for genes associated with breast cancer. They could prevent anybody from performing those tests without paying them, despite that those tests were likely to save lives. It also made it difficult to get second opinions from other labs not licensing their technology. It did, however, make them a lot of money, and was perfectly legal until a court case decided otherwise. Edit: the court case was decided against them because the genes were naturally occurring and their tests were not novel except as they applied to the naturally-occurring genes. The court held that naturally-occurring genes could not be patented."
] |
[
"They were not corporations but we're owned by their policyholders. More commonly known these days as mutual companies."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
How do people get a Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) badge to put by their vehicle's license plate? Do these badges afford preferential treatment?
|
[
"For the same reason that people put any sort of \"I support the police\" bumper sticker, license plate frames, badges, etc... They don't necessarily automatically earn you preferential treatment, and the police certainly don't condone any sort of official policy of preferential treatment, but police officers are human beings just like anyone else, and they will obviously be swayed about their opinion of you if you have pro-police paraphernalia displayed."
] |
[
"Unless it's something obviously fake like a Colgate Cavity Patrol badge there's no good way to tell. There's no standard police badge across the United States. Even if there were, old ones could get sold and authentic-looking replicas could be made. If you have doubts about whether someone is a police officer or not you can either call 911 to verify that an officer is who they say they are or you can ask to look at their department issued ID card."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Law Enforcement:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Law Enforcement:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
}
|
I know this is bad but what is karma? (On reddit)
|
[
"Basically what karma is, is a form of virtual pat on the back or scolding. You post a witty, funny or factual comment or post (depending on the situation) and users can give you karma if they like it. If you don't add to the discussion, or troll or say something they don't agree with (or they are a general ass) they downvote you. From my experience in reddit, don't expect a lot of upvotes unless you can make a really funny comment or post."
] |
[
"Lol you ready for this. You ain't ready for this. And I'll join by saying more users on reddit are android users."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor if America was minding its own business
|
[
"The US wasn't really minding it's own business, and it inevitably was going to start minding its business less. It was supplying arms and finance to the enemy if Japan's allies, it was helping embargo fuel against Japan, and it was unlikely to go very long without entering. Japan actually was able to temporarily cripple the fleet (if they'd realized how badly and made a second pass they could have made it even worse). They just underestimated how quickly we could devote our resources to rebuilding."
] |
[
"> why didn't they land troops to control and defend Pearl Harbor? This would cause a breach in supply to more Western Pacific territories like Midway, The US wasn't a combatant at the time. The Japanese were launching a surprise attack to cripple the US military capabilities and discourage the US from joining the war. Conceptually they expected the display and military impact to scare the US into staying out of the fight and continuing our policy of neutrality. They... didn't really understand US culture."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
}
|
What are the key differences between endangered native New Zealand birds and birds from basically every other country that makes them so vulnerable to mammalian predators?
|
[
"That evolution is exactly what's screwing them over. Not only were there no mammals but a few bats, there are also no snakes, very few poisonous spiders, no lizards that could eat a bird... no natural predators whatsoever. Correct me if I'm wrong, folks from other countries, but that's a pretty unique position for birds to find themselves in. As a result, a huge proportion of birds here (I think about a third) either can't fly for shit or can't fly at all, and either can't defend themselves for shit or can't defend themselves at all, because they never really needed to do either. Also, many resorted to living on the ground, which is obviously very hazardous now. The only predator the birds had to worry about was a gigantimongous fucking eagle called the Haast's Eagle, and the best defence most birds could come up with against it was to become nocturnal. Which doesn't help them against rats/stoats/cats today, especially when they live on the ground."
] |
[
"In a lot of cases the terrestrial animals on islands like Madagascar are endemic, and unique. They and their ancestors evolved on those islands since they split off from the mainland, in this case mainland africa. In other situations, there may once have been land bridges between continents and islands across which species would emigrate. Many islands in modern times have been artificially populated by animals from other places by the interference of humans, these are called invasive species and are a serious threat especially to vulnerable indigenous island species. And lastly, yes, sometimes they swim. The lack of large predators and a usually plentiful supply if food can make a long swim worth it. Asian elephants famously migrated from india to sri lanka by swimming the palk strait."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
}
|
Why is 12:00 the beginning of the 12-hour cycle, instead of 1:00?
|
[
"Think in military time. There are 24 hours in a day. In military time midnight/12am is 0000 time. then from 0 it goes to 1. so in the 12 hour am/pm system the 12 acts as our 0 and is a placemarker telling if we are in the am or pm section of the day. 12:00 AM is the beginning of the first half - am half of the day. 12pm is the beginning of the second half - pm half of the day."
] |
[
"1000 is only 2 hours off of noon. 1700 is 5 hours off if noon. The morning equivalent of 1700 would be 0700."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
}
|
if you tell me your name, I forget immediately yet I remember every lyric to 1000 songs on my Ipod?
|
[
"You have heard those songs 100's of times and the music helps you remember plus the singer is filling in the blanks helping you remember too. Where as a name is just one word with nothing for you to connect it to, to help you remember it."
] |
[
"...because if it wasn't you couldn't sing the song."
] |
eli5_question_answer
|
{
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
}
|
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