query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1 value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What exactly is REALLY going on in the American political scene right now? | [
"We have a controversial president. He didn't win the popular vote but because he won the right states to win, he beat his opponent. Some argue that he's crass, sexist, and racist and doesn't know what he's doing. Some argue that he's incredibly smart. Some argue that he won because of Russian hacking. Some argue t... | [
"If you think treatment of animals is bad in China, you have to seriously look at the treatment of people in The Republic Of China."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Political Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Political Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why our bodies are more sensitive to wind when we are wet. | [
"We sweat to release heat from our body. Sweat evaporating takes heat with it. When we are wet, the water is taking heat from our body, too. As it evaporates, it cools us down. Wind removes heat as well, as it is almost always colder than our body. Wind plus water just removes far more heat than either alone. If yo... | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why can't I use my Canadian passport in America when I have dual American-Canadian citizenship? | [
"Most countries don't recognize dual citizenship. They don't outright ban it, but they don't care what other countries think...first and foremost, you are their citizen. So to the US, you are an American, how Canada feels about you is irrelevant. Americans must enter the US with a US passport. It is probably true t... | [
"Depending on what you mean by enter legally, I don't think it is all that difficult. For example, all I need to do to to enter legally as a tourist is fill out an ESTA form online, that takes maybe 10 minutes. Or are you asking about permanent residency?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does it take Android OEMs so long to get new versions of Android to their phones? | [
"One of the biggest parts of it is that every phone has a slightly different kernel (the core of the OS). Yes, it's all Android, but the specifics are tailored to that specific phone's hardware. If you took the version of Android running on your Galaxy S5 and tried to run it on my Nexus 4, for example, it wouldn't ... | [
"Google's Nexus Line does. Other manufacturers, along with carriers have a financial incentive to bloat your phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does 'getting used' to spicy food actually work? | [
"When you repeated eat spicy food you're over stimulating the receptors that sense heat. The receptors deactivate themselves so they can better handle the heat. It's kind of like having an annoying younger brother who you eventually just decide to start ignoring instead of dealing with."
] | [
"Follow-up question: would suppressing your immune system with sleep deprivation and binge drinking improve your symptoms?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why can't we dispose of nuclear waste by putting on a subduction tectonic plate to sink it into the earth's core? | [
"It would work. But the subduction plates move at the same rate that your toenails grow, or thereabouts. So it would take years and years and years for the waste to disappear. Years that highly radioactive/toxic material is sitting on the ocean floor, polluting the water and killing nearby organisms. Not to mention... | [
"No one has mentioned that subduction zones are equalled by the number of spreading centers around world. This is where the magma comes back out. Volcanoes themselves contribute almost nothing relative to spreading centers like the one that runs down the middle of the Atlantic. Subduction zones are part of a convec... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why are foods associated with times of the day? | [
"Not scientific at all, just a possible observation. Imagine it's 1910. You don't own a refrigerator. When you wake up in the morning, what seems fastest? Going out to get eggs from the chicken coop, milking a cow, and eating some leftover bread (or even baking some fresh bread). Slaughtering a chicken, defeather... | [
"It is probably due to you associating the peaceful/relaxed summer atmosphere to specific smells that arise from plants etc during the season."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a Tesla vehicle "see" the car AHEAD OF the car in front of it? | [
"> Taking this one step further, a Tesla will also be able to bounce the radar signal under a vehicle in front - using the radar pulse signature and photon time of flight to distinguish the signal - and still brake even when trailing a car that is opaque to both vision and radar. source: _URL_0_"
] | [
"They have cameras or other sensors that detect the lane markers. When the lane markers move outside a certain part of the sensor, and the driver hasn't used their turn signal, then the car notified the driver that they appear to be departing their lane. Usually there may be a camera mounted near the rear view mirr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why the Xbox One included what was used in 4Chan's latest exploit | [
"This particular set of instructions is not a single feature of the Xbox One, but the linking of a couple of features together to prouce an undesired outcome. Access to a developer console is rather common and whether they intended to leave this access in the shipped product is unclear to me. It can be useful to ha... | [
"There have been hacks on TV, try googling the Max Headroom incident."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why didn't the Nazis attack Switzerland? | [
"For a bunch of reasons: * It would have been difficult to drag their tanks in there because Switzerland is, mostly, surrounded by mountains. Mountain fighting alone is pretty deadly but one of the major advantages that Germany had early in the war was the speed of their tank attacks. * Swiss had a conscription pr... | [
"Was there a similar attempt to recruit Japanese scientists?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How am I able to make it home safely after being blackout drunk? | [
"As your car gets older, you can expect certain things to stop working, but you don't know the order in which they'll stop working. If you car's brakes stop working, that's bad, you're not going anywhere. But if your headlights stop working, it's not going to prevent you from getting home. Being blackout drunk mean... | [
"And why don't I need it when I fall asleep on the couch?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:"
} |
why are there so many reports of incidents involving incompetent police officers, what does it take to become one? | [
"we only hear about the bad ones. in reality there are FAR more good cops than bad"
] | [
"Because it all comes down to money. And are we really gonna spend millions if dollars just to house a few bad cops? Idk how it is in Russia and why those cops are in jail but the cops in states deserve to go to general prison for their crimes. Some have killed innocent people for no reason what so ever"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Difference between United Kingdom, Britain and England | [
"So if you look at [this map](_URL_0_), you will see that England is pink, Scotland is blue, Wales is red, Northern Ireland is yellow, and the Republic of Ireland is green. The United Kingdom is a country made up of England, Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Great Britain is the island that contains England, W... | [
"The United Kingdom (UK) - A sovereign state made up of parts of two islands (the British Isles) England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland - The 4 nations that make up the United Kingdom Great Britain - The larger of the two British Isles. Contains England, Scotland and Wales Ireland - The smaller of the two Briti... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Geography:",
"pos": "Represent the text about Geography:",
"neg": "Represent the text about Geography:"
} |
why fingertips hurt for a few days after cutting nails a little too short | [
"The top of your nail is dead, so it doesn't hurt to cut it. If you cut too short (to the quick) you cut the part of the nail that is alive (and grows the nail), this will result in pain and possibly bleeding."
] | [
"I don't know in what way you clip them, but I just don't clip further than the white part, otherwise it hurts real bad."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How did they do those human transformations at the end of Michael Jackson's 'Black or White' music video? | [
"They used \"[Morphing](_URL_0_)\" software to take 2 images, plotted out the similar parts of each (nose, eyes, mouth, etc...) and blended them from one to the other."
] | [
"Remember the old days when we only watched high-quality animations of great redeeming social value, like - Rocko - Cow and Chicken - Ren and Stimpy etc.. yeah."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why, when baking, do you have to add different ingredients at different times, using different techniques? | [
"Cooking is just science that makes you poop."
] | [
"This is why you should read cooking instructions carefully. For the soft crust, the instructions will tell you to place it on a cookie sheet, thus avoiding direct heat. Usually, they either tell you to use a hotter temperature or just an increased cooking duration, your brand choose the former."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the Purpose of the Pad Part of a Water Lily? | [
"Since it's a plant, it needs to get energy from the sun to live (through photosynthesis). It's easier to do this on the surface than underwater, especially in murky waters like are often found in ponds and lakes."
] | [
"Next Week's Theme: 'Royalty, Nobility, and the Exercise of Power' To be followed by: \"Eastern Europe\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why have the majority of men in recent history preferred shorter hair then women? | [
"Hair that is very short cannot be grabbed in battle, so that's why the military uses short hair, traditionally. You might be surprised how much influence the military has on fashion. I believe the modern business suit is a reflection of officer uniforms."
] | [
"The amount of hair is a standard set by society. There are lots of men that have thick full beautiful hair that would leave many girls jealous. As far as balding, I have no idea"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why do bugs seem to fly in circles around one when out hiking, particularly around the head? | [
"Generally, they are either attracted to the carbon dioxide you are exhaling or the body heat you are giving off. For flies, it's the CO2, mosquitoes seek body heat. And the head is usually the hottest part of your body, and it's usually exposed, especially in the type of weather that mosquitoes are an issue."
] | [
"Flying insects often find cover in shrubs or trees in bad weather. If they're flying around, they risk getting their wings damaged. Even in the day time you can shake a bush and get bugs that are hiding in it until evening to fly out ."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do YouTube comments' dislike button exist? What does it do? | [
"It does literally nothing. In fact, if you dislike a comment then hit f5 and it won't even show that you hit the dislike button."
] | [
"Comments on YouTube don't reach the top for having the greatest number of net thumbs up (their version of upvotes), so giving bad comments thumbs down won't do anything. The comments at the top are there because they get the most responses. Troll comments get the most responses. So, if you want them to go away, yo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why do people post questions here that could easily be googled? | [
"Because googling it wouldn't get you an answer that is dumbed down and simplistic. It also wouldn't give you the opportunity to ask follow-up questions of the answerer if you still don't understand the concept."
] | [
"Have you tried searching before posting this? This has been asked a dozen times, and some of those answers might be helpful."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
What is a "non-member observer state", and what does this mean for Palestinians? | [
"Its a half-way step to becoming a full-blown member of the UN. It is recognized as an official country (State), which means they get to send a representative to sit in and listen to the goings-on in the UN (Observer), but not cast any votes (Non-Member)."
] | [
"Its status is disputed because Serbia still claims it is rightfully part of Serbia. Their application to join the UN can be vetoed by any permanent member of the UN security council. Russia is a permanent member and they back Serbia's claims, so they would veto any attempt at Kosovo joining the UN."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How do they take crystal clear pictures of jets going supersonic speeds? | [
"Two methods in combination: very fast shutter speeds, like 1/1000 of a second or less -- I've taken pictures of helicopters this way where it doesn't look like the rotors are moving. Also, follow along with the plane as it moves. Any background trees or whatever will probably end up blurry, but the plane will be s... | [
"This is like asking why your camera phone can take awesome pictures of the clouds or mountains several miles away, but can't take good pictures of a grain of sand from 10 feet away. Galaxies and stars are bigger."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
(Serious) The thought process that leads doctors to choose to become proctologists, gynecologists or urologists. | [
"I can think of three reason: 1) Money - If these positions pay more money, doctors will follow. 2) Demand - Perhaps a lot of doctors do not want want to be urologists and such. However, since fewer doctors take these jobs, these positions will more available. So the doctor has the choice to compete against 100 oth... | [
"They aren’t considered real doctors because they aren’t. They don’t hold a medical degree, they haven’t completed a medical residency, and they can’t prescribe medications. Evidence that chiropractic manipulation is effective ranges anywhere from conflicting to nonexistant depending on what you’re talking about tr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why are movies all 1.5~2 hours long? | [
"It's an average at which a compromise occurs between holding the audience's interest and attention and the feeling of getting value for money paid. Any longer and the brain starts thinking about doing other things; any shorter and the brain starts thinking it's been ripped off because it paid for a certain \"durat... | [
"If I'm not mistaken: movies and TV shows are shot at 24 frames per second. Soap operas and home videos are shot faster: 30 to 60 fps."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
I don't have a lisp speech impediment but can mimic one if I try, why can't someone that has a lisp speech impediment do the same in regards to speaking without one? | [
"Sometimes, the lisp is the result of the shape of the mouth and teeth. In such a case, you may as well say \"I don't need a wheelchair, but I can still use one. Why can't disabled people just walk?\" Often, though, it's psychological, and can be trained away by a speech therapist. That's why lisps are more common ... | [
"I can't pronounce \"r\" correctly. It feels like there's something in my mouth impeding the movement I need to make in order to correctly sound it out- it comes out muffled and weird, so I speak words with the letter with an accent. In my spare time, I practice saying it, but 19 years haven't helped at all. I don'... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
how gas planets form differently than terrestrial planets | [
"Two major theories: 1: They form much like rocky planets and infact have a rock or ice core. Basically they just form earlier when there's more gas in the disk around teh star. 2: They form kinda like stars in that you get clumps of denser gas in places which can pull more gas toward itself and so on. They just ... | [
"They have to meet three criteria. They have to be massive enough to pull themselves into a spherical shape. They must orbit a star. And they need to dominate there orbit by mass. So most of the mass should be with the planet and not other debris that share its orbit. The last rule is why they decided pluto is no l... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How does Walmart justify its employees costing taxpayers $6+ Billion in government assistance a year? How (why) do they get away with it? | [
"Why does Walmart in particular need to be held responsible for the government assistance its employees use? Is Walmart is inherently more evil because they pay people similar wages/benefits as other retail stores simply because they're larger? What about food service giants or other industries which predominantly ... | [
"I posted this as a response to a different comment, but it applies: If employers cut people's wages below minimum wage or only hire people for a few bucks an hour, employees won't make enough money to support themselves. That means even more people in the lower class will rely more heavily on public services like ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do some fermented drinks need yeast, and some other drinks need yeast and bacteria (scoby)? | [
"Fermentation with yeast and without bacteria is alcoholic fermentation, with bacteria lacto fermentation. Kombucha (scoby) isn't intended to be an alcoholic drink, although it does contain some alcohol. But if you want an alcoholic drink you would use yeast and not a scoby to ferment the sugar water. If you want a... | [
"To make yogurt, milk has to be inoculated with bacteria. Typically Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei. With out those bacteria, the milk would never be converted into yogurt. Active cultures mean that the factory did not kill the bacteria in th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why aren't more laws created or changed by grandfathering them in years or even decades from now? | [
"Because a grandfathered in law can still be changed before it goes into effect. Sure, *now* it won't hit hard, but in 10 years when it's about to happen? People in Congress *then* are going to be de-elected if it actually goes into effect. So, they'll put it off, or scrap it. Besides that, setting a policy to happ... | [
"The Constitution > Federal Laws > State Laws > Local Laws & Ordinances You pass an amendment when you want something that can't be done with laws, usually because the current constitutional wording prevents your thing or doesn't support it. Thus the courts have invalidated laws, if you change the constitution you ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Lewy Bodies and Parkinson’s Disease | [
"Basically, there's this region in the brain called *substantia nigra pars compacta*. This region is rich in dopaminergic neurons and is, roughly speaking, responsible for fine motor movement. Parkinson's disease happens when dopaminergic neurons on this part of the brain begin to commit apoptosis (cell suicide, so... | [
"Can someone explain the difference between Dementia and Alzheimer's, please?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do cold chills work and why do they make people involuntarily spaz out for a second? | [
"Yer not alone in askin', and kind strangers have explained: 1. [ELI5: What causes us to get those random cold chills? ](_URL_5_) 1. [ELI5: What are \"chills\" and why do we experience them? ](_URL_3_) 1. [ELI5: Why do people get an involuntary shiver, or chill, at seemingly random moments? ](_URL_2_) 1. [ELI5: Why... | [
"Your body paralyzes itself so you don't flop all over while dreaming. This takes a while to completely wear off upon waking."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do bees die when they lose their stingers? | [
"Most bees will never reproduce, so sacrificing their lives for the colony does not effect the evolution. When a stinger is left in its victim it causes greater pain and incentive to stay away from the colony, effecting the evolution."
] | [
"Bess are generally not aggressive (except maybe Africanized Bees), die when they sting because bits of their insides get pulled out after they sting, and harvest flower pollen to make honey. Bees are also fuzzy. Wasps are basically smaller hornets, both wasps and hornets eat insects (like bees) and don't die when ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How does my car radio pick up digital details (station, artist, song) on just FM reception? | [
"The FM signal actually contains different parts separated from eachother and one of those is the [RDS or Radio Data System](_URL_1_) (regular wikipedia) used to send program information. [Here](_URL_0_) is an illustration of different parts of a FM signal. The green to the left if the mono signal, after that comes... | [
"RDS - Radio Data System. It is a signal that is carried by station's transmission in what's called a \"subcarrier\". That subcarrier is outside the frequency range that the music is carried on. On the RDS signal, stations will often broadcast the title/artist for the current song and sometimes they'll transmit we... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If we (the human race) somehow become immortal, aren't we basically dooming ourselves? | [
"If we were to become immortal, there wouldn't be a need to adapt. If the end game of evolution is to create something that is able to survive as long as possible, then immortality would be the endgame."
] | [
"We do not have the ability to destroy the planet. We might be able to wipe out quite a bit of life, but physically destroying the planet is beyond our reach. And not just now, but for the foreseeable future."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does hearing and balance happen in the same organ? | [
"Evolution often creates the simplest system that works the most efficiently. In order to hear, your body has a complex series of physical reactions that happen in your ear transcribing sound waves. The last stage of this transcription, which converts the sound wave messages into neural signals, takes place in flu... | [
"> how does it cause a person to have difficulty concentrating and make someone feel off balance like their surroundings are constantly in motion This sounds like it impacts your inner ear which controls your sense of balance and movement. The jaw is pretty close so I suppose swelling or physical interaction isn't ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are domestic or shorthaul flights in the USA/Canada so much more expensive that comparable distance air travel in Europe? | [
"A main reason: more competition not only by other airlines but also trains, as Europe has a resonabley fine rail network including highspeed trains between mayor centers. Also you have to be carefull with airfare quotes as they often do not include various fees."
] | [
"Do you mean $70 for a budget airline like RyanAir? A fair comparison would be Frontier Airlines, who offers round-trip flights from LGA (NY) to ATL frequently at $60 roundtrip. I've similarly gone from Philadelphia to St. Augustine (880miles), Minneapolis (1,172miles), and Raeligh (471miles) for $30-$60 through Fr... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How do animators match up the characters' mouths with the voice actors' words? | [
"They record the voices first, almost always. They time out the syllables by listening to the audio, and figuring out when each syllable hits what frame in the timeline. They then animate the mouth syllable at a time, and then fill in \"half-way\" drawings between the syllables, as necessary. In computer animation,... | [
"Audio in film is made of a number of different \"tracks.\" One contains all of the actors voices recorded by the on-set mic or during the dubbing process, while others contain music, sound effects recorded on set, and other audio put into the film. When they replace the voice acting of a film, all they have to do ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can't I tickle myself but can sexually stimulate myself? | [
"Ticklish-ness is thought to be a warning system against spiders and insects that could present a bigger risk that their actual size/touch would indicate. This is why a light, unexpected touch causes an overreaction from the nervous system - tingles everywhere. Sex is different - it's not a reflex sensation, and is... | [
"Is it really a problem that people have such sweaty hands before sex that they can't get a condom wrapper open? Now I feel like maybe I'm not sexing hard enough."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why are movies able to break record sales in box office when the price of tickets are different from other movies before? Why are movies not based on the actual number of tickets sold to have a fair comparison? | [
"Mostly because it doesn't sound as good. The movie that has sold the most tickets ever was Gone With the Wind (1939), followed by Star Wars (1975); ET (1982) or The Sound of Music (1965) (my two sources disagree on the order); and Titanic (1997) or Ten Commandments (1956) (another disagreement). If you look at rec... | [
"The movie theater rents the movies from the studio for a set amount. The theater then pays the studio a percent of the tickets sold, but the majority of the ticket sales are given to the studio. Movie theaters keep a tight tab on tickets sold to: adults, seniors and children to give accurate estimates on who sees ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it really necessary to blur out product names on some shows? | [
"There are quite a few different reasons why they'd block out the logo on a can of cola, for example, but there are 3 primary ones I can think of: A) They want to avoid conflict with companies whose advertisements run during the commercial break (ie Coke is a \"sponsor\" by running an ad during break, but a can be ... | [
"The same reason they you don't see them use google when searching for things but always use some generic search engine. There are strict laws regarding product placement in movies and TV shows. In France it's against the law to even mention facebook or twitter on TV."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are there no national referendums in the United States like there are in other countries? | [
"The US constitution simply does not have any procedures in place or allowance for a national referendum, so there isn't one. There have been amendments proposed to do just this, usually with a specific case in mind, but they have never gotten anywhere. This makes tremendous sense that the framers of the constituti... | [
"A region of a nation is not allowed to vote to secede under most constitutions. Ask the American South about it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why can programmers write code easily but have difficulty reading it? | [
"It's very easy to write code that is unreadable. Some programmers test every 15-30 lines or whatever of code, so they work on their own momentary memory of what is supposed to happen. On top of that some don't have a good sense of organization or how much responsibility to give one method or function or class. So ... | [
"They learn and program in English. While there are a few non-English programming languages, most of the tech world works in English. You don't actually have to know a lot of English to program, since the basics of the programming language is just a few dozen keywords. However if you're planning on using any standa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why can't we move our toes independently like our fingers? | [
"Human here: You can, it's just harder. Your fingers are easier to move because they have 3 bones connecting them to your hand but your foot only has 1. If you try hard enough you can move only 1 toe at a time. At least I can."
] | [
"Also, why are some people not ticklish at all?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text about Biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the financial benefit to EA for not selling games on Steam? | [
"Valve takes a ~30% cut of every game sold on Steam. That 30% is a whole lot of money when you're settling millions of every game you put out. It's so much money that the expense of creating and maintaining your own distribution platform STILL saves you money."
] | [
"For every console copy sold, it's usually a physical copy. Microsoft and Sony for example both take a cut when they're sold. It bothered me for a long time before asking the guys at the local game store. Here you'll consistently see the PC version of a game $20 bucks cheaper."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about videogame development:"
} |
Do you need to have some sort of condition for euthanasia/assisted suicide? | [
"Well, the laws vary considerably based on where you're planning on doing it."
] | [
"Serious answer: Because religions frown upon it, primarily. Most of the objects to doctor-assisted suicide (aka, the closest we've come legally to euthanasia) are from that camp."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
Why do human bodies build up tolerance to alcohol/drugs but not daily medications like antidepressants/cardiac/etc meds? | [
"I can't speak for the other meds, but you absolutely can build up a tolerance to antidepressants and painkillers and the like"
] | [
"They aren't really generic, the contents would be tailored to whatever prescriptions each person was on. Older people are often on anti-cholesterol medication, possibly blood thinners if they've had heart or stroke problems, blood pressure medication, pain reducers, arthritis medication, etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
We make leather from cows, sheep and pigs. Why not horses? | [
"We can. A horsewhipping is not just an expression. The other animals are food animals. While horses are eaten, they were a delicacy for stone age people, horses are not meat animals the way the others are. The other hides are products of food production. Most likely an old horse is an old friend and just buried."
... | [
"Before the creation of synthetic materials, what other durable material did people have? Belts, clothing and bags, boots all made with animal hides are used by people all over the world. Textiles need a lot of labor, to grow the crop, or forage for the crop, then someone to weave it on a loom. Now it's fashionable... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it so much harder to read a phone when someone else is holding it, as opposed to when you are holding it yourself? | [
"We can't hold our body completely still. When you're holding the phone yourself, it moves together with your body - your movement is synchronized with the phone's movement. When someone else holds the phone, that's no longer the case - the phone swings together with the other person's body, not with your's."
] | [
"Many times, they're just distracted. There's plenty of videos of people narrowly avoiding it and you'll notice one thing almost all of them have in common - either a cell phone or headphones. There was a woman who walked off a pier because she was too absorbed in what she was doing on her phone."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If 'white' and 'black' are politically correct terms for Caucasian and dark-skinned people, how come using 'yellow' and 'red' to describe Asians and Native Americans is considered offensive? | [
"Because black was used less as a derogatory, and more as a descriptor, maybe? For the record, in social activism circles, the politically correct term to use is \"people of color\", or POC. Not \"colored people\", but you put the person first with \"person of\". Yellow and red as descriptors have also been used in... | [
"Because there are white Hispanics, black Hispanics, mestizo Hispanics, indigenous Hispanics, and even Asian Hispanics. The life experience and reality of a black Hispanic is likely dramatically different from that of a white Hispanic. Calling Hispanic a race or ethnicity is as accurate as calling American a race o... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Social Issues:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Social Issues:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Is "quark" really a nonce word? | [
"It is a type of cheese, but the name likely comes from Late Middle High German. So it could have been a nonsense word *in English* at the time."
] | [
"Follow up question: is OP's claim of 'human pie' historically verifiable or is it the product of speculation?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What happens to my iris when my pupil dilates? Where does it go? Does it compress? Is the pupil in front?? I must know!! | [
"The pupil is the hole; that's like asking if a donut hole is on the front or the back of the donut. The iris is a muscular ring -- the \"donut\" -- which just gets \"squished\" into a thinner ring when the iris dilates, it's still there, it's just smaller, which causes the pupil to get bigger, because it's the hol... | [
"Dilation drops open up your pupils, much like they would naturally do in the dark, to allow more light in. Helps the doctor see better when he's examining your eyes. Going outside while your pupils are dilated hurts because your pupils are already open and they can't retract like they would normally, so the light ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why do humans love spicy food | [
"The molecule that causes the sensation of spiciness is capsaicin, which binds to the nerves responsible for registering heat and more importantly pain. This causes these nerves to fire, making us feel these sensations. In response to pain, our bodies release endorphins, which help to nullify the pain and create a ... | [
"in all seriousness, maybe dogs don't like the smell of our breath."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are so many people "excited" about the Fifty Shades of Grey movie if everyone seems to be (rightfully) making fun of the book? | [
"There's two \"everyone\" out there. One is the \"everyone\" that makes fun of Justin Bieber, Nickleback and Twilight. The other is the \"everyone\" that throws money at that shit and makes it insanely popular."
] | [
"As far as I can tell, the issue is that the advertisement for the Netflix series was made to sound much more controversial and get people talking about the show more than accurately represent what it's about, and a lot of people took offense at what they perceived to be hatred aimed at white people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is it that Singapore, UK and the US found Nestle India's noodles safe to eat, but India found the opposite? | [
"There's a possibility Nestle manufactures the noodles differently for exporting to countries which are more stringent with their checking. However, there's also the possibility that it was a shakedown by the government, possibly due to some bribe that Nestle refused to pay. That's the sorry state of politics arou... | [
"They run bottling plants in areas stricken by drought. So farms and residential areas are force to deal with drought while factories pump water out of local aquifers to sell for profit. Child labour & slavery for the source of their cocoa, which they promised to fix 14 years ago and haven't gotten around to it yet... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why are so many freekicks in professional football/soccer shot so badly? | [
"Perfection is what they are going for. They are aiming for the very edge of the net, the furthest distance from the goal keeper because anything aimed in the middle of the net is easily going to be blocked. Being just a little bit off will cause their shot to miss the net but missing a little bit the other way is ... | [
"Its an easy way to break up play and let everyone reset into a better defensive or attacking position. Going down and staying down attracts a lot of attention. Diving is technically a foul, but the pace at which football is played makes trying to judge an individual action like this as hard as refereeing a boxing ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
single camera vs multi camera setups for filming TV and movies | [
"Multi-camera is often used in sitcoms. It's a cheaper way to shoot the show because you have multiple cameras filming things. Single camera is just what it sounds like -- just one camera. If you have a scene where you see three different camera perspectives, that means they re-positioned the camera for each perspe... | [
"They tend to not get as much profit as movies. so broadcasting on tv or the web is usually enough. Same goes with collections of short films."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do I hear so many radio ads for companies hiring truck drivers? | [
"It's because truckers spend a lot of time on the radio The marketing ppl did a study and found out that truckers spend a lot of time on the radio so they put their ads targeting truckers on the radio The problem is that truckers don't listen to the radio, the radio they spend so much time on is their CB radios. S... | [
"Because, for all the money they make from customers, they make more from the advertisers to display those adds."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Entertainment:"
} |
What does a Master Sushi Chef to better/differently than a mediocre one | [
"If you haven't seen it, I **strongly** recommend watching the documentary *Jiro Dreams of Sushi*"
] | [
"Fresh vs. Frozen - was it alive this morning? The Chef's reputation and experience - you're buying his car! The ambience isn't free, if you're having sushi at a Chinese buffet, it's mostly fake crab and Thai illegal immigrants doing the work. The exact kind of fish! You're not going to find supermarket fish at ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Is there a condition that causes temporary super normal hearing? | [
"Any particular triggers? I get something like that occasionally, but usually in a situation like being in a very quiet house and trying not to wake people up."
] | [
"Do they both have side effects that include increased heart rate?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the cultural and social reasons to throw a sexual bachelor/bachelorette party? | [
"Most major events in life have some kind of celebration tied with them. The Bachelor/Bachelorette party is a celebration with your close friends as you are ending the period of time that you have a massive amount of time to hang out with them and transition into one where you have less as you will be spending that... | [
"Context for any Americans reading this: a stag do is a bachelor party. A bachelorette party is a \"hen do\". I believe a bachelor party is called a \"bucks\" in Australia? An interesting follow up question might be where all these names came from..."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Would an object fully submerged in water be considered wet? | [
"This is more of a philosophical question than a chemical one. What makes something \"wet\"? I'd say that objects that don't absorb water can't be wet, but surfaces with water on them are wet. So a caught fish can be wet (if it has not been dried), or a person can be wet, though when we say that we really mean thei... | [
"The water won't fill the raft because it would have to displace the air, which can only go up. However, this also means that the raft would actually be floating, unless it was weighted down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Does it take more energy to heat things up or cool them down? | [
"Assuming your question implies that heating things is raising them higher than the room temperature and cooling them down is lowering them from the room temperature. The second law of thermodynamics says that you cannot transfer heat from a cooler body to a hotter body without some additional work(energy) involved... | [
"Gasses dissolve more in colder water than hotter water. Solids on the other hand dissolve more in hot water than cold water."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about Chemistry:"
} |
Why do commercial airlines rarely have accidents whereas private jets and planes are frequently involved in accidents? | [
"Because the commercial airlines usually have the stricter training requirements, the higher cutoff point and their pilots fly even more regularly."
] | [
"Famous people tend to fly quite a bit, and while flying is very safe per mile flown relative to other forms of transportation, people who fly a lot cover a lot of miles in a year. Some types of famous people are also more likely to fly small aircraft which aren't usually as safe as airline sized planes (bush pilo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What are pressure points? Do they work like they do in movies? Can you really disable someone by tapping or pinching specific places? | [
"Best I can tell they are nerve bundles, and yes you can. Generally, it's not a 'incapacitate' but rather can cause intense pain which most people react to. Some people you, can it fact hit them and they can take the pain."
] | [
"When you whack your head, your nerves are sending pain signals to your brain. Nerves can only send one signal at a time. By pressing/rubbing on your head, you override the pain signals and replace them with pressure signals. That's why as soon as you stop, the pain comes back."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do some drinks need foil seals bellow their caps and others don’t? | [
"If you can open the lid/cap and replace it without out someone knowing, it needs a seal underneath. If the lid had a plastic piece that breaks, or you have to rip a wrapping to get to it, it doesn't need a seal underneath. It's all about whether you can detect tampering or not."
] | [
"Only wine where the bottle is closed off with actual cork needs to be stored on its side. The reason is that the cork otherwise dries out and won't seal correctly any more which will make the wine go bad. Modern bottles that are closed off with a screw cap or synthetic cork do not require being stored on their si... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why must our vote for president have to be private? Wouldn't E-voting be alot easier if we didn't care who saw? | [
"The challenges with e-voting have nothing to do with preserving the secrecy of a voter's choice. Also the reason to protect that secrecy are very important. Being forced to reveal your vote can lead to voter intimidation which is disastrous for democracy. It might seem counter intuitive because so many people ope... | [
"That's the whole purpose of secret ballots, yep. You have no guarantee that if you pay someone to vote a certain way, they'll actually follow through with it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why is it bad to ask a woman's age? | [
"Ask her if she knows what VHS is, if yes, she's old enough."
] | [
"Because it matters more in a relationship. You want someone you are sexually attracted to and compatible with. Many women want a guy who is taller than them, so if you are 5' 10\" and like to wear heels, that will narrow your options. A 45-year-old man might still be looking to have children so that rules out 45-y... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do mail-in rebates work? | [
"The benefit is the perception of a deal. Only a small percentage of the consumers follow through on. So many times a consumer will purchase something with a mail-in rebate and either be too lazy or forgetful to go through the steps of mailing it in. So, while the company has offered the money back to all, it only ... | [
"You mean you get a discount if you buy through Alexa? That is no different than a lot of coupons. Stores give discounts if you use their store branded credit card. They give membership discounts. Buy this, get a discount on that. Online only discounts. How would a buy via Alexa discount be any different?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When scientist clone animal the clone is fully grown up or is it start as a baby and then grow up? | [
"The animal starts as a baby. They aren't cloning the animal in the science fiction sense where they make an exact duplicate at the same age - what they're doing is creating a new animal embryo with the exact same genetic code as the one they're cloning. The result is that when it grows up, it's identical to the fi... | [
"The human pregnancy is hugely flawed, we give birth after 9 months because that's the biggest the fetus can grow in order to be given birth to. Animals don't have this problem and so they give birth to young that can walk, feed themselves ect pretty much right from the moment they're born. So the human fetus is un... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about biology:"
} |
How do popular highways get backed up even though everyone is going in the same direction? | [
"The volume of vehicles is the biggest issue. Only so many cars can travel on a given lane in a given time period before the car spacing is too close for the perceived comfort of the drivers. That gets compounded by lane merges, exits and entrances."
] | [
"Traffic patterns are sparse in those flashing light areas at those times. It would be pointless to make people sit at a red light when there is no other traffic around. I wish more intersections would do that out where I live."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Technology:"
} |
Why do numbers in digital clocks jiggle when we chew something crunchy? | [
"The digits are multiplexed. That means that each is driven in turn at high brightness for 1/6 of the time. Then the next one is turned on and so forth. It isn't normally noticed but sudden movement causes the on/off cycles to be noticed as your eyes get a slightly different image position each time. Multiplexing ... | [
"Pour a bunch of sugar on a piece of paper. Put the sugar and paper in your mouth and chew it. Once you don't taste any more sugar, spit the paper out. Do you think you just consumed some calories even though you didn't eat any paper? The answer is yes. Same concept applies to gum."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why do Flights from NYC to China go North above Alaska then back down, rather than Bee line to China | [
"Because that's the shorter route. Flat maps sometimes don't do a good job of representing a spherical earth, especially at the poles. If you look at a globe, you can easily see that this is true."
] | [
"It's the routes you need to verify. Try India, to the Philippines, to New Zealand, Fiji, to Marshall Islands, to Tahiti, Samoa, Tonga, and the Hawaiian islands. You will find common ancestry throughout."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does tap water from the kitchen sink taste slightly different than tap water from the bathroom sink, despite having the same source? | [
"First step is a blind taste test to see if the effect is real or only in your head. Get someone to fill two glasses, one filled from each source. Then see if you can identify which glass was from which source. If there is an effect, repeat it at other people's houses to make sure that it isnt your house's pipes s... | [
"Legally a bathroom faucet is required to be potable, i.e. safe to drink. If it wasn't that'd be a violation of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The water used for outside garden hoses, or to fill a toilet tank, is not required to be potable, but usually it is. In some buildings they may use recycled water or less-filt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Scientists say by 2050 there will be up to a 30% increase in world population, causing a 70% increase in necessary food production. Why won't there be a proportional increase in required food? | [
"Because there is a trend to move from grains and veg towards meat which require crops to be grown to fed to the animals before they can be turned into meat."
] | [
"Ecosystems are about balance. A river is going to have a certain capacity to break down wastes, fish or human, and once you exceed it, it will because unbalanced and most of its creatures will die off. For centuries, there was balance. Humans could only produce so much food, and populations were more stable. From ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How is this new forged carbon stuff stronger than traditional carbon fiber? | [
"Without going and reading about this 'stronger' typically means a specfic type of strength - how hard you have to pull on both ends to tear it. In which case an obvious example is plastic. Plastic polymers look like a heap of tangled worms at an atomic level, and this gives them much more of a specific type of str... | [
"It doesn't, carbon fiber comes in many patterns. Many only people know the \"3k twill\" weave, what you're probably thinking of There's 12k, a much thicker weave, becoming more common for bike parts. There's \"UD\", unidirectional, which has no weave to speak of. There's 6k, 10k, 1k, and combinations (like a 3k/1k... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What is the benefit of "pre-purchasing" a game? | [
"PC games: if the game is bought on Steam or some other DRM manager, the game is downloaded beforehand and installed, and the game is ready to be played the very minute it is released. Console games: games bought in store have the possibility of being sold out before you have the chance to buy itit, even if you go... | [
"Would it be against the rules for me to ask for clarification on the term \"realignment elections?\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why do men have nipples | [
"Its simple. The default human state is female, so when the fetus is in the womb, it starts developing as if it was a female, and builds nipples. Only later do male hormones kick in and build decidedly male structures. There is no real evolutionary advantage to NOT having nipples, and they don't cost that much to b... | [
"The best things come in pairs, breasts, testicles, sandwiches, butt cheeks, you get the gist."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Can someone explain to me who typically chooses the codenames for military operations? | [
"General: Why are you requesting 100,000 pairs of green tights!? Acquisitions Officer: It's for Operation Peter Pan sir, and it's top secret. General: I like the cut of your jib sergeant... Approved!"
] | [
"It has a few different meanings in different contexts. What setting are we talking about?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about finance:"
} |
Why do most cakes and dessert recipes call for eggs? | [
"In a cake, eggs act as a leavening agent, thus making cake light and fluffy. In baked foods like cookies, muffins, etc, eggs add moisture and act as a binder. I don't eat eggs, so I always look for the eggless version of things. There are substitutes for eggs depending on what you are baking."
] | [
"You are also not suppose to eat custards or meringues with raw eggs either. Most custards are cooked, as are many uses of meringues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Food Science:"
} |
The relationship between Monks and beer | [
"Monks need money, people like beer, beer making is a lot sitting around in silence, monks do a lot of sitting around in silence. It's a match made in heaven."
] | [
"The tradition is in farming/agriculture. Child labor :)"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Education:"
} |
How does scam message stay open? | [
"When you click the red X, you ask the program politely to close. It's supposed to be used so programs can clean up after themselves and save your work before they quit. Poorly behaved programs, like the scam messages, can just not close down when they receive the polite request. When you use \"end task\" through t... | [
"I have a similar question and couldn't find an answer. ELI5: Does this affect me in any way? Is it dangerous to click an imgur link now?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How can movies be remastered into HD when they were originally recorded in standard definition? | [
"All \"old\" films are still saved on their original film reels. Film is actually extremely high quality and still better resolution than any current digital resolution. The original reels are scanned into computer files at a high resolution, nowadays probably at 4k , and the entire movie goes through the post-prod... | [
"If they were made to be shown on television, and not on a computer, they were likely made before HD was a thing, so at best they were mastered at 480i resolution. If the videos were made on film, they could be remastered to 4k (most film is incredibly high quality which is why you can take a 1940's film and make i... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do most foods taste completely different when hot or cold? | [
"1/2 of the time we eat, what we smell usually helps us define what we taste. If the food is hot, naturally it’s scent would be more present opposed to being cold. Try pinching your nose when you eat. Not the same exact effect but close. Also, you know. Your brain and shit."
] | [
"Well, it's a matter of expectations. And it's not a matter of liquid vs solid. If you drink a room temperature Pepsi, it will seem warm, because you're used to it being served cold. If you have a coffee at room temperature it will seem cold because you're used to it being served hot. I am sure you've eaten potato ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Are organs the same size for everyone or are they bigger for naturally bigger people and vise versa? | [
"While there is some amount of variance, the average dimensions and weight of organs are the same throughout all of humanity according to a rough *height* metric. A 6'5\" adult male would have about 30% larger lung size than a 5'10 adult male, assuming all other factors are \"average\". Fatter people will have heav... | [
"Most likely because the vocal chords are proportional to the rest of the body. Tall people have longer ones, thus lower voices, and same for short people the other way around. There are some exceptions to this of course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why haven't we evolved to require less sleep? | [
"Because that isn't how evolution works. Something we don't need anymore doesn't just go away as soon as we don't need it. Something better needs to come along to replace it. The people able to function on less work may be more successful in life, but it doesn't necessarily mean they will be able to reproduce bette... | [
"Because we didn't evolve to live indoors as much as we do. Also we are from Africa! Haven't had enough time for our bodies to fully adjust to latitudes with lesser amounts of daylight for parts of the year."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Psychology:"
} |
What actually is snot (nose mucus)? | [
"Really glad you put nose mucus. I was baffled as to what this 'snot' concept was..."
] | [
"Mucous. Its purpose is to trap particulates from the air (viable and non-viable). To do this it has to have a rather high viscosity. Viscous = sticky. Viscous mucous, viscous mucous, viscous mucous. That sounds funny."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is the difference between Smiley Smile (1967), Brian Wilson Presents SMiLE (2004), and The Smile Sessions (2011)? | [
"Pet Sounds isn't like SMilE in the least. But...you'll probably end up liking it anyway. Go with The SMiLE Sessions. Pet Sounds is grounded in reality - SMiLE is a colorful fantasy trip. And hey. Try Sunflower. Also Friends."
] | [
"Because you just happened to be listening to music when your \"The Complete Goosebumps Series by R.L. Stine\" arrived at the door."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Science:"
} |
Why words stop looking like words after you type them repeatedly. | [
"_URL_0_ From what I can tell, your brain recognizes the same word over and over again and gets bored."
] | [
"You can only say the same thing over and over for so long."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
If it takes 3 hours for the sun to set in NY to LA, why doesn't the line of shadow move at 1000 mph? | [
"I think you might be asking about the [**Solar Terminator**](_URL_0_) which does move across the Earth (at the equator) at about 1000 MPH, but due to the scattering of light in our atmosphere (the same reason you can see inside shadows and they are not completely black) the terminator line is not clearly visible o... | [
"It hit the west coast at approximately 1320 EDT and exited the east coast at approximately 1450 EDT. So it spanned the entire US in about an hour and a half. That's about 2,400 mi. So you would have to travel an average of 1,600 mph."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What is deconstructive criticism and it's role in group assessments? | [
"It is when you just say things like \"That's stupid and you're shit at everything\" and it totally hurts morale and discourages people."
] | [
"Just finished *What is Microhistory? Theory and Practice* by Magnusson and Szijarto. I was really intrigued about the discussions on the impact of postmodernism and poststructuralism on different histiographical methods. Anyone have other books that go into that on fields other than microhistory?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Literature:"
} |
If the same animal with different fur color is considered a different species, why aren't humans classified as different species based on hair color or other varying traits? | [
"Physical features have nothing to do with being a species. Being a part of the same species is defined as being able to breed and produce offspring that can then produce more offspring."
] | [
"They're not different races, they just have different skin colors, not unlike people who have a different hair or eye color or are a different height than their sibling. If anything their case shows the absurdity of using skin color as defining factor for race."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The EU's Immigration Policy. Can EU Members Travel Freely Without Being Documented? | [
"There are two factors to this: The Schengen area: A political agreement between a bunch of European nations (most of which are in the EU) that borders are open and no special documentation is required to pass over them. You can drive from the southern tip of Spain to Finland without ever having to present a passpo... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is it possible to track down the owners of illegal websites? | [
"Unless they mess up and do something silly and self identifying. That's especially easy if the FBI or whoever can compel the hosting service to give them access to the server and plant some things to try and weasel identifying information out of the connection. (Which, if you're using a browser without noscript, i... | [
"They get onto the server hosting the website."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is point Nemo, a sea point which is the farthest from any land mass, calculated? | [
"Here is how I would do it manually: For a start, much of the sea can be dismissed as a matter of course. E.g. the entire Mediterranean Sea is nearer to land than a point in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The next step would be to take a compass set at some set range (say 1000 miles) and draw outlines from promi... | [
"At the boundaries between the oceans, no, there's no sudden change. The technical borders of each ocean are dictated by the International Hydrographic Organization. For example, the boundary between the Atlantic and Indian oceans is defined by the 20E meridian from Africa to Antarctica. On a large scale, each ocea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do cabbage leaves grow rolled up in a ball where they're guaranteed not to get any sunlight? | [
"Cabbage are artificially selected and bred. The wild cabbage leaves are not not balled up like that. In fact the cabbage is the same plant as broccoli and cauliflower."
] | [
"Their roots get damaged, and they can't pull enough water to remain stiff. Sometimes they droop because they aren't sure what to make of the new environment yet too. But if you transplant carefully enough, they won't do that."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
How are dogs bred for specific purposes? | [
"Over generations breeders select for traits that make the dog better suited to a certain task. Your dog won't inherently know how to \"rat\", but will probably enjoy chasing small critters and he/she is physically suited to digging and pushing into small crevices/tunnels in which rodents may live."
] | [
"Because many breeds were selectively bred to do so. Hunting reasons."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Candy Crush recommend your next move? | [
"This is haRd to answer because I don't have source code for it, but my guess is it does not know what is coming (this is easier to code, if it randomly picks instead of figuring out ahead of time) and it determines the \"best\" move by looking at all available legal moves and picking one by some method (likely the... | [
"You can make badges when you collect a whole set, which will net you a profile background and emoticon from the game and a coupon for another game. You can also sell them for a few cents(most of the time) on the steam market. Last option is to do what a lot of people do: ignore them entirely."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why do car rental companies give you both sets of car keys attached to one keyring, where they can't be removed and used separately? | [
"I feel like this is specific to the rental company you are using; cars I've rented have always given me two separate keychains :/"
] | [
"As a person that’s worked at a Car rental place. They really don’t, most cars will give you a message in the dash about keys inside but that’s about it. I’ve had to deal with locked cars that are keyless and having to unlock them with tools. Hell, you could even start your car up go back inside and leave the keys ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What is quantum tunneling? | [
"Particles that shouldn't be able to go through stuff, go through stuff. It's like if you kept throwing a ball against a wall and eventually it just went right through it. It's sort of like a leak. See quantum mechanics is based on a concept that quantum particles exist in two different forms - a wave and a particl... | [
"If magnets are magic, is gravity magic too? Fundamental forces, yo. They run the universe."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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