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A 55-year-old male presents with features of obstructive jaundice. He also reports a weight loss of seven kilograms in last two months. On CT scan, the CBD is dilated till the lower end and the main pancreatic duct is also dilated. Pancreas is normal. The most likely diagnosis is:
Ans. (d) Periampullary carcinoma* Periampullary cancer presents with dilatation of both Pancreatic and Bile ducts.* Of the sites of cancer in Pancreas - Periampullary cancer has better prognosis than Head of pancreas cancer because of early presentation.
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Which type of cells are not found in stomach:
Goblet cells
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Sorghum is pellagrogenic due to excess content of
Jowar (sorghum) Jowar is also known as kaffir corn or Milo. It is a major crop grown in India next only to wheat and rice. For several population groups, it is a staple diet. The protein content of jowar varies from 9 to 14 per cent, and the proteins are limiting in lysine and threonine. Ceain varieties of jowar have a...
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In infants, the cause of blindness arising out of oxygen toxicity is -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Growth of blood vessels into vitreous followed by fibrosis
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Papilloedema is characterised by all of the following, EXCEPT:
C i.e. Sudden painless loss of vision In papilloedema there is painless gradually progressive loss of vision which is usually bilateralQ which occurs after a long time only when optic atrophy sets in. "Visual acuity is not affected by Papilloedema unless it is severe, long standing, or accompanied by macular edema & ha...
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In the diagram below A-D represent depolarization of ventricles. Which one represents "R" wave?
Ans. C. (C).a. P waveThe P wave is a small deflection wave that represents atrial depolarization.b. PR intervalThe PR interval is the time between the first deflection of the P wave and the first deflection of the QRS complex.c. QRS wave complexThe three waves of the QRS complex represent ventricular depolarization. Fo...
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During post transcriptional modification of RNA the following process does not take place:
Ans. D. GlycosylationRNA produced after transcription is hn RNA. To form m RNA it undergoes modifications to remove intervening sequence called introns by splicing. For this 5'capping and 3'tailing is done to stabilize RNA.
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A 65-year-old smoker presents with hoarseness, hemoptysis and a hard painless lump in the left supraclavicular fossa. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic step -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Undeake an open biopsy of the neck lump
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Pseudohyponatremia is found in all of the following EXCEPT:
Hyponatremia is defined as a plasma level less than 135 meq/L. Most often it reflects excess water, rather than less of Na+, in the plasma. Hence, plasma becomes hypo-osmolar in most instances. Hyponatremia with a normal plasma osmolality is the so-called "pseudohyponatremia". It occurs when plasma lipids or proteins a...
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Urea cycle is linked to TCA cycle by -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Fumarate |Ref: Harper 29th/e p. 276-277]o Fumarate is released during urea cycle, which is an intermediate of Kreb's cycle, thus linking the two.Both urea cycle and TCA cycle have been explained in previous years.
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Both antibody-dependent and independent complement pathway converge on which complement component?
Complement is a collective term that describes a system of about 20 proteins, many of which are enzyme precursors. All these are present normally among the plasma proteins in the blood as well as among the proteins that leak out of the capillaries into the tissues. They are usually inactive i.e. enzyme precursors They ...
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Weight gain in pregnancy depends on all except?
FACTORS INFLUENCING WEIGHT GAIN IN PREGNANCY Maternal age - Increased weight gain in younger women Physical activity - Several studies have demonstrated an inverse relation between weight gain and level of physical activity Prepregnancy weight - Weight gain in pregnancy is generally inversely propoional to BMI (Body Ma...
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True about combination therapy with anakinra and infliximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients is:
Ans. A. Combination should be avoidedRef: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 19th/ed, p2147Explanation# Option a: Anakinra (IL 1 antagonist) and infliximab (anti-TNF) should not be combined.# Both agents restrict inflammatory process markedly and lead to high rate of serious infections.# This finding is observe...
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T helper cells recognises -
CD4+ T cells have TCRs with an affinity for Class II MHC Ref: Ananthanarayanan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg: 135
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Aldose reductase inhibitor drugs are useful in
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Diabetes mellitus Aldose reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of glucose to sorbitol, the first step in polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. Aldose reductase inhibitors are a class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes mellitus. Examples...
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Abortion stick used in criminal abortion causes abortion by the mechanism of
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Uterine contraction Abortion stick is a thin wooden or bamboo stick about 15 to 20 cm long, or a twig of similar length from some irritant plant as mentioned below.When the stick is used it is equipped at one end with cotton wool or a piece of cloth soaked in an irritant substance as mentioned below.Th...
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Which of the following post is most difficult to bond in the root canal:
It is because zirconia cannot be etched.
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An 80 year old asymptomatic woman on a routine examination was detected to have a monoclonal spike on serum electrophoresis (IgG levels 1.5 g/dl). Bone marrow revealed plasma cells of 8%. Which of the following represents the most likely diagnosis?
Patient is showing features of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance. It refers to a clinical condition, defined by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin production without evidence of myeloma, waldenstorms macroglobulinemia or other lymphoproliferative disorder. It is an incidental finding detected by elev...
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Patient with cirrhosis is positive HBs Ag+ and has increased levels of alpha feto protein. What is the most probable diagnosis ?
Ans. is `b' i.e., Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis, hepatitis B positive and alpha fetoprotein strongly suggests hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Opioid induced constipation is treated by
Alvimopan, Naloxegal & Methyl naltrexone are peripherally acting opioid antagonists used to treat opioid induced constipation & paralytic ileus.
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The schedule of HDCV in rabies is-
Ans- A 0,3, 7,14, 28 Ref- Vaccine Post-exposure prophylaxis depends on the type of contact with the confirmed or suspect rabid animal, as follows: 1. Wound treatment Thorough washing of the wound with soap/detergent and water, followed by the application of ethanol or an aqueous solution of iodine or povidone. 2. Passi...
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Anticoagulant used for chelating calcium -
Answer-D. All of the aboveMost of the anticoagulants used in the laboratory act by binding calcium as an insoluble salt or soluble but un-ionized salt.Thesecalciumchelatinganticoagulantsare :-EDTADouble oxalateSodium citrateSodiumJluoride
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Warm antibody hemolytic anemia is seen in all expect
Warm antibody type hemolytic anaemia can be induced by drugs. A small portion of patients receiving methyl dopa develop AIHA .They are tolerance breaking drugs Penicillin antibiotics develop antibodies agaist RBC , drug complex which induces hemolysis.  Quinidine forms a complex with plasma protein to which an antibody...
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Abnormality to check if lithium is given to a pregnant female -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cardiac anomaly Lithium is a weak teratogen in human.The main effects attributable to lithium are increased cardiac malformation in the fetus especially "Ebsteins anomaly".Lithium may increase the incidence of Ebstein9s anomaly in fetus but it is not contraindicated during pregnancy.Lithium is not con...
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The most common cause of Volkmann's ischaemic contracture (V.I.C) in a child is:
D i.e. Supracondylar fracture humerus
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DIC is seen with all except -
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acute or chronic disorder causing thrombosis or hemorrhage, which occurs as a secondary complication of an underlying disease. It is characterized by consumption of coagulation factors caused by intravascular activation of the coagulation sequence, which leads to the f...
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Circular DNA is found in:
Circular DNA is found in viruses (eg polyoma virus has double stranded & porcine virus has single stranded circular genome), prokaryotes (most bacterial DNA is circular), blue green algae as well as in eukaryotic cells like mitochondrial DNA or plasmid DNA and in chloroplast.A distinguishing characteristic of prokaryot...
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Clayton is used in a close breathing system for the purpose of
D i.e. As an indicator
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The rate-limiting step in the synthesis of bile acids is catalyzed by:
The rate-limiting step in the formation of bile acids is the 7a-hydroxylation of cholesterol, catalyzed by a microsomal NADPH-dependent enzyme 7a-hydroxylase. 12a-Hydroxylase is also involved in the bile acid synthesis, but is not regulated. HMG CoA reductase and pyro diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase are both choleste...
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The buffering capacity of a buffer is maximum when the pH is equal to:
Buffering capacity of a buffer is most effective when the concentrations of salt and acid are equal or when pH = pKa. The effective range of a buffer is 1 pH unit higher or lower than pKa. pKa refers to the pH at which the concentration of the acid equals that of the base. Phosphate buffer is effective at a wide range ...
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All are X-ray findings of RA except:
Radiological features of RA are Evidence of soft tissue swelling and joint effusion Symmetrical involvement Juxta-aicular osteopenia (within weeks) Loss of aicular cailage and bone erosions (after months) Narrowing of joint space Aicular destruction and joint deformity, e.g. subluxation of atlantoaxial and cervical joi...
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Cellular suppo is provided by:
Cytoskeleton froms framework of the cell It has microtubules, microfilaments,intermediate filaments
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After a meal of pizza, dietary lipid is absorbed by the small intestine and transported in the lymph mainly as
Ans. C. ChylomicronsThe small intestine transports dietary triglyceride as chylomicrons in lymph. VLDLs are secreted by the small intestine during fasting. Although some dietary fatty acids are transported in the portal blood bound to albumin, it is not the predominant pathway for the transport of dietary lipids to the...
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Mesothelioma is caused by –
Asbestosis There are two distinct geometric forms of asbestos - Serpentine chrysolite Amphibole (crocidolite) Serpentine chrysolite accounts for most of the asbestos used in industry. Both serpentine and amphibole can cause all asbestosis related disease except for mesotheloma, which is usually associated with am...
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Meconium is excreted by a new born till _______ day:
The baby may pass meconium in utero or soon after birth, but all healthy newborn babies must evacuate within 24 hours of birth. During the first 2..3 days the baby passes black, tarry (like tar) 'meconium' stools which are followed by greenish (transitional) stools for the next 1 or 2 days. The normal breastfed baby us...
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Lanatoprost used topically in glaucoma primarily acts by:
B i.e. Increased uveoscleral outflow Prostaglandin analogues (e.g. latanoprost Q, unprostone, bimatoprost, travoprost) lower intraocular pressure by stimulating a prostanoid receptor in ciliary muscle. This causes the release of matrix metalloproteinases and increase the uveoscleral outflow. Q Latanoprost lower IOP by ...
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Main cell of shedding are:
Odontoclasts are the main shedding cells.
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Home to bilirubin conversion is carried out by
Within the macrophage, heme derived from haemoglobin is broken down by heme oxygenase, conveing it to biliverdin Carbon monoxide and iron arereleased as by-productsReference: Harper biochemistry 30th edition page no 672
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A 60-year-old farmer presents with multiple patches of discoloration on his face. Biopsy of lesional skin reveals actinic keratosis. Which of the following terms best describes this response of the skin to chronic sunlight exposure?
Dysplasia. Actinic keratosis is a form of dysplasia in sun-exposed skin. Histologically, such lesions are composed of atypical squamous cells, which vary in size and shape. They show no signs of regular maturation as the cells move from the basal layer of the epidermis to the surface. Dysplasia is a preneoplastic lesio...
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Krogman's formula is related to: Odisha 11
Ans. Sex
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Drug of choice in drug induced parkinsonism is:
Ans. (B) Benzhexol(Ref: KDT 8/e p460)Central anticholinergics like trihexy phenydyl (Benzhexol) are the only drugs effective in drug induced Parkinsonism.
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Which of the following characteristics is not of much impoance in a screening test
High specificity All are impoant attributes of screening test but among them high specificity is less impoant as Park states -'Screening test is not intended to be a diagnostic test. It is only an initial examination. Those who are found to have positive test results are refen-ed to a physician for fuher diagnostic wor...
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which of the following is a tri cyclic antidepressant
knowlede about the classes of antidepressents is very impoant as they are frequently asked in examinations amitriptilline is a tri cyclic antidepressent Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inibitor trazadone is a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) Bupropion is a Noradrenaline and Dopamine reupt...
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thrombocytopenia is the side effect of which drug
LETHAL SIDE EFFECTS OF VALPROATE - Hyperammonemia - Pancreatitis - Hepatic failure - Neural tube defects - Thrombocytopenia MINOR SIDE EFFECTS OF VALPROATE - Hair loss - PCOD - WEIGHT GAIN - TREMORS Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 935
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The intiating mechanism in endotoxic shock is
Ref Robbins. 9/e p132-133 Endothelial injury is also a cause..see the above questions In gram-negative sepsis, free LPS attaches to a circulating LPS-binding protein, and the complex then binds to the CD14 receptor on monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. Engagement of CD14 (even at doses as minute as 10 pg/mL) resu...
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What % of drug is eliminated by first order kinetics after four half-life cycles?
Ans. a (93.75 %). (Ref. KDT, Pharmacology, 4th ed., 53)Elimination of drugsZero order eliminationRate of elimination is constant regardless of C (i.e., constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time). Cp linearly with time. Examples of drugs--ethanol., phenytoin aspirin (at high or toxic concentrations).First order e...
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Anti-DNAase B is used for diagnosis of
Antideoxyribonuclease B ( anti-DNA as B)antibody: serological test to determine streptococcal infection. Anti-DNAase B and antihyaluronidase test are very useful for retrospective diagnosis of streptococcal pyogenes infections, where ASO titer may be low. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology; Ananthanarayanan and Panicker; 10...
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Which statement is not true about Perthes disease?
Ans. C. The bone age is same as that of the chronological ageThe bone age is typically lower than the chronological age by 1-3 years.Since the blood supply of the femoral capital epiphysis is affected, it is characterized by avascular necrosis and disordered enchondral ossification of the primary and secondary centers ...
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Mostly granulosa cell tumors are benign. Marker for granulosa cell tumor is:
Granulosa Cell Tumor: Most are benign; however, between 5 and 25% are malignant. The tumors can produce estrogen, thus leading to endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. Microscopic morphology of granulosa cell tumor shows Call-Exner bodies (appear similar to ovarian follicle), and produce inhibin, which can be identified ...
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Most common Paraneoplastic syndrome of HCC
Para neoplastic syndromes in HCC Hypocholesterolemia(most common) Hypoglycemia Erythrocytosis Hypercalcemia Ref:Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1458-1463
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APGAR score includes following parameters except
Ans. c (Blood pressure) (Ref Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/492)APGARSCALE# In 1953, American anesthesiologist, Virginia Apgar, published her new method for evaluating the newborn infant. This scoring system which became known as the APGAR scale later evolved into the standard for medical practice.# The test is administ...
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Which of the following ion is absorption in proximal convoluted tubule?
Maximum sodium reabsorption occours in PCT. Ref: Ganong's review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no: 681
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The postoperative quality of life (QOL) scores of 200 prostate cancer patients have a mean of 60 and a standard detion of 10. How many patients are expected to have a QOL score between 40 and 80?
The values enclosed in a normal distribution curve are:Mean +- 1 SD 68% of data Mean +- 2 SD 95% of dataMean +- 3 SD 99% of dataIn the above question,Mean = 60SD = 10Hence, the range of values from 40 to 80 i.e. 60 +- 20 (Mean +- 2 SD) would include 95% of the readings.Therefore, the total number of readings in the giv...
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A 40 year old male patient came for routine checkup. Intra-oral examination reveal multiple teeth restored with silver amalgam restoration. Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of this restoration is?
Amalgam has a linear coefficient of thermal expansion that is 2.5 times greater than tooth structure, and it does not bond to tooth structure (unless an amalgam bonding agent is used).  Sturdevant’s Art and Science of Operative Dentistry, Mosby, 4th Edition, Page No: 155
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which cranial nerve is present arround the origin of occipital aery of lower end of sternocleidomastoid muscle ?
hypoglossal nerve hooks arround the origin of occipital aery of lower end of sternocleidomastoid muscle ref : bd chaursia
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Husband having a suspicion that his wife is having affair with another man, diagnosis is
A delusion is false, firm (unshakeable) belief that is not accepted by other members of patient’s culture and society. Above is an example of delusion of infidelity (morbid jealousy, Othello syndrome) i.e. False belief that one's lover has been unfaithful. Persecutory delusions (paranoid) : The patient feels that he is...
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Good pasture's syndrome is characterised by -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis Goodpasture syndromeo Goodpasture syndrome is a rare condition characterized by rapid destruction of the kidney and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage.o It is an autoimmune disease characterized by presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against basem...
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Which of the following is the major site of erythropoietin production during the fetal stage?
Erythropoietin is produced in the fetal liver in the first and second trimester.After bih, the major site of production is in the kidney.(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition, pg no. 2305 - 2306)
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Parents of a 7 year old girl are concerned about the spacing between her front teeth. She has a habit of thumb sucking till date. Intra Oral Findings are skeletal Class I relation, overjet present & spacing in the anterior teeth. This child is expected to show which type of swallowing pattern
The mature or adult swallow pattern appears in some normal children as early as age 3 but is not present in the majority until about age 6 and is never achieved in 10% to 15% of a typical population.  Tongue thrust swallowing in older patients superficially resembles the infantile swallow and sometimes children or adul...
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Which is the commonest abdominal mass in neonate :
The commonest intra - abdominal tumor in first two years of life → Neuroblastoma. The commonest intra - abdominal tumor between 2nd to 5th  year of life → Wilm’s tumor. The commonest intro - abdominal tumor in children (no age specification) → Neuroblastoma. (Wilm's tumor is the second most common abdominal tumor in c...
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A married woman died in unnatural conditions within 5 years of her marriage. Her parents complained of frequent demand of dowry. Her autopsy will be conducted under which section: AI 10; Punjab 10
Ans. Sec. 176 CrPC
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child rolls over by ?
O.P. Ghai 7th ed, page7 Achild rolls over by 5 months
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Platelet-activating factor is biochemically a
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) (I-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3- phosphocholine) is synthesized from the corresponding 3-phosphocholine derivatives. It is formed by many blood cells and other tissues and aggregates platelets at concentrations as low as 10 mol/L.
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True about renal secretion----
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Glucose is reabsorbed in proximal tubule
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World diabetes day is celebrated on ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 14th November8 May - World Red Cross Day8th March - International Women's Day14th November -/ World Diabetes Dayl' December - World AIDS Day
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Enzymatic markers of plasma membrane include all except
Markers of Plasma membrane - 5-Nucleotidase, Adenylyl cyclase, Na+K+ ATPase Marker of Endoplasmic reticulum - Glucose-6-phosphatase Markers of Golgi apparatus - GlcNAc transferase I, Golgi mannosidase II, Galactosyl transferase, Sialyltransferase Marker of Mitochondria - ATP synthase, Glutamate dehydrogenase Marker of ...
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According to disabilities ACT 1995. Seventh disability is usually referred to as?
The definition of the term disability as per the provisions of the persons with disability act 1995 disability means :­ Blindness. Low vision. Leprosy cured. Hearing impairment. Locomotor disability. Mental retardation. Mental illness.
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All are true about peripheral-neuropathy except :
Answer is B (Proximal Muscle Weakness): Symptoms and findings in Peripheral neuropathy whether motor or sensory are generally symmetric and 'graded distally' & not proximally. Involvement of the peripheral nerve explains both, defects in conduction as well as decreased reflexes.
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Commonest complication of pancreatic pseudocyst ?
Answer is 'b' i.e. Infection "Other than pain, infection is the most common complication" - Maingot's 10/e, p 1929 Other complications are: Obstruction of GIT Hemorrhage Rupture Pseudoanetoysm - splenic aery is most frequently involved.
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Omeprazole effects are due to: March 2013
Ans. C i.e. Proton pump inhibitor Omeprazole It is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of: - Dyspepsia, - Peptic ulcer disease (PUD), - Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD/GERD), - Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
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Blood supply of great toe are:
A . i.e. Dorsalis pedis aery
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All of the following muscles are supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve except
Cricothyroid is supplied by external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
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Uronic acid pathway does not have role in formation of which glycosaminoglycan proteoglycan?
Glycosaminoglycans are heteropolysaccharide (heteropolysaccharides are polysaccharides which contain two or more different monosaccharide unit or their derivates).Glycosaminoglycans are linear (unbranched) polysaccharides, with repeating diasaccharide units. Each disaccharide unit consists of an amino sugar and an acid...
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15 months old child feeding on cow milk with water wih severe wasting and bipedal edema with poor appetite ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Kwashiorkar
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The following pathological features are associated with Plasmodium falciparum except-
Pathology Red cells infected with malaria are prone to haemolysis. This is most severe with P. falciparum, which invades red cells of all ages but especially young cells; P. vivax and P. ovale invade reticulocytes, and P. malariae normoblasts, so that infections remain lighter. Anaemia may be profound and is worsened b...
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The most common presentation of a blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is:
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the development of cavernous hemangiomas, most commonly involve the skin and the GI tract. The most common presentations of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome are either the appearance of the skin lesions alone or iron deficiency anemia. Ref: American Gas...
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Which test can detect facial nerve palsy occurring due to the lesion at the outlet of stylomastoid foramen -
Injury at stylomastoid foramen causes LMN palsy, so the face sags and drawn across to the opposite side. Chorda tympani is spared at this level, taste sensation over anterior 2/3 of tongue is preserved.
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Conn's syndrome is associated with all the following, except:
Conn's syndrome is associated with metabolic alkalosis, not with metabolic acidosis. Conn's syndrome refers to primary hyperaldosteronism due to an adrenal adenoma. Increased aldosterone secretion results in hypokalemia from increased excretion of potassium and metabolic alkalosis due to increased hydrogen ion secretio...
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DNA is selected for genetic information compared to RNA because
The presence of the oxygen atom in the 2nd carbon of RNA make it more prone to spontaneous hydrolysis DNA is much more stable, the half-life of spontaneous hydrolysis is about 200 million years The possibility of mutations occurring and remaining unidentified is more with uracil since cytosine can be easily deaminated ...
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Least A-V O2 difference is seen in ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cyanide poisoning
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The complication least likely to occur in a pseudocyst of the pancreas
Pseudocyst complications Infection (MC) :14% Pain due to expansion Hemorrhage upto 10% Duodenal obstruction Rupture Abscess Ref: Shackelford 7th edition Pgno :1159
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Maximum dose of lignocaine with adrenaline is (in mg/ kg)
Ans. c (7). (Ref. Harrisons Medicine, 18th/735)LIGNOCAINE# Maximum safest dose 3 mg/kg or 200 mg and with adrenaline 7 mg/kg or 500 mg.# Duration of effect 45 to 60 min and with adrenaline it is 2-3 hours.# Should not be given in patients with history of malignant hyperthermia.# Concentration usedo Surface topical anal...
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Which of the following includes inflammatory bowel disease in children -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Regional ileitis Inflammatory bowel disease o Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is used to represent two distinct disorders of idiopathic intestinal inflammation : i) Crohn disease or regional ileitis ii) Ulcerative colitis
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Which of the following serves as the MOST DIAGNOSTIC sign of Pregnancy?
Ans. C. Foetal heart soundsPresence of fetal heart sounds is considered to be one of the most diagnostic signs of pregnancy.Other absolute signs of pregnancy are mentioned as follows:* Perception of active fetal movements and Palpation of fetal parts.* Ultrasonographic evidence of gestational sac and embryo in early pr...
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Which one of the following patterns of visual disturbance would be predicted to be demonstrable on examination of this patient?
Answer A. Inferior hemifield lossDilated ophthalmoscopy of this left eye illustrates a nonrefractile plaque in the proximal superior retinal artery with retinal whitening in the superior macula signifying retinal ischemia. Superior retinal ischemia will result in a defect in the inferior visual field, as in this patien...
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Denominator while calculating the secondary attack rate includes -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., All susceptible amongst close contact Secondary attack rate (SAR) SAR is defined as "the number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of incubation period, following exposure to primary case".
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All of the following are therapeutic uses of penicillin G, except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rickettsial infection Antibacterial spectrum of Penicillin G (Benzyl Penicillin) o PnG is a narrow spectrum antibiotic o Activity is limited primary to gram positive bacteria (and few others). o Amongst gram negative organisms, penicillin has activity against gonococci, meningococci, few Ecoli & prote...
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Sheehan syndrome is due to:
Ans: b (Pituitary haemorrhage) Ref:Harrison, 16th ed, p. 2078Sheehan syndrome refers to panhypopituitarism after postpartum pituitary apoplexy.Apoplexy is an endocrine emergency that may result in severe hvpoglycaemia. hypotension. CNS haemorrhage and death.The hyperplastic enlargement of the pituitary during pregnancy...
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Lymes disease all are true except ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Polymorphonuclear leucocytosis in C.S.F. suggests meningeal involvement Spread of infection and immune response in lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted to humans the bite of ixodes tick vector Borrelia burgdorferi is inoculated in the skin, where local replication takes place locally and o...
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The ratio of concentration of drug in co-trimoxazole trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is:
Trimethoprim is usually given orally, alone or in combination with sulfamethoxazole, which has a similar half-life. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole can also be given intravenously. Trimethoprim is well absorbed from the gut and distributed widely in body fluids and tissues, including cerebrospinal fluid. Because trimetho...
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Which is the last organ to be dissected during autopsy in asphyxial death?
The autopsy in a case of a suspected asphyxial death has to be thorough including conventional neck dissection protocol. Dissection of the neck is performed after removal of the brain and thoracic organs in order to provide a clean bloodless field for the study of neck organs and prevents any aifactual seepage of blood...
10,190
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A young man back from leisure trip has swollen knee joints & foreign body sensation in eyes. Likely cause is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Reiter's syndrome Arthropathy following a recent leisure trip suggests reactive arthritis.Eye involvement points towards Reiter's syndrome.Reactive arthritis refers to acute nonpurulent arthritis, complicating an infection elsewhere in the body.Reiter's syndrome is one of the classic forms of reactive...
10,191
medmcqa_train
Cataract is seen in following except:
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Rheumatoid arthritis Aetiological classification of cataract:Senile CataractDevelopmental or congenitalComplicated cataractTraumaticMetabolicDiabetes*Tetany (hypoparathyroidism)Hypoglycemia*Galactosemia*Galactokinase deficiency*Lowe's syndrome*Wilson's disease*Maternal infectionRubella*Toxoplasma*CMV*T...
10,192
medmcqa_train
All of the following are seen in digitals toxicity except
Ref-critical care toxicology 4/e p395 Digital characteristics cause atrial tachycardia with AV block, it does not cause at atrial tachycardia with fast Venturicular rate
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Iron absorption occurs from
Almost all iron absorption occur in duodenum & upper jejunum (proximal small intestine). Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place in the jejunum, with the following notable exceptions: Vitamin B12 and bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum. Water and lipids are absorbed by passive diffusion throughout...
10,194
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is an example of hyaline cailage?
Thyroid cailage is a type of hyaline cailage. Hyaline cailage is the most common type of cailage, in adults this is replaced by bone by a process called enchondral ossification. In the aicular surface of bone, costal cailage, nose, larynx, trachea and bronchi hyaline cailage persist throughout life and does not calcify...
10,195
medmcqa_train
Orthopnea is heart failure develops due to
When a normal individual lies down, the pulmonary blood volume increases by up to 400 mL When the person stands up this blood is discharged into the general circulation. This shift is the cause of the decrease in vital capacity in the supine position and is responsible for the occurrence of orthopnea in heart failure.
10,196
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If APGAR score is 6, at 5 minutes of life, then what is the interpretation?
b. Moderate asphyxia(Ref: NNF & WHO guidelines)Apgar scoreInterpretation0-3Severe birth asphyxia4-7Moderate birth asphyxia>7Normal
10,197
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All are true regarding Hodgkin's lymphoma, except :
Answer is A (CNS is the commonest site of involvement) CNS involvement is an uncommon feature of Hodgkins. disease CNS involvement is an uncommon feature with Hodgkins disease: This may occur as : Sudden spinal cord compression in advanced progressive disease. Headache and visual disturbance in very rare patients with ...
10,198
medmcqa_train
In organophosphorus compound poisoning, atropine can reverse all the following signs except -
Atropine given in organophosphorus poisoning has effects on muscarinic manifestations; it has no effect on nicotinic manifestations like muscle weakness, fasciculations, cramps, and areflexia.
10,199
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