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The Earliest sign of male puberty is :
In boys, first visible sign of puberty and hallmark of SMR2 is testicular enlargement, beginning as early as 9½ years. This is followed by penile growth during SMR3. Peak growth occurs when testis volumes reach approximately 9-10 cm3 during SMR4. Under the influence of LH and testosterone, and prostate enlarge. The lef...
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medmcqa_train
According to "Delhi Anatomy Act 1957", a person died in a road traffic accident, the body can be said to be unclaimed after.
Unclaimed bodies to be used for anatomical examination.-- (1) Where a person under treatment in a hospital whether established by or vesting in, or maintained by, the Government or any local authority, dies in such hospital and his body is unclaimed, the authorities incharge of such hospital shall, with the least pract...
11,501
medmcqa_train
Glutathione peroxidase which protect erythrocytes against hemolysis contain the following element:
In red blood cells, the pentose phosphate pathway is the sole source of NADPH for the reduction of oxidized glutathione. Reduced glutathione removes H2O2 in a reaction catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that contains the selenium analog of cysteine (selenocysteine) at the active site. The reaction is impoan...
11,502
medmcqa_train
Which of the following drug is used to perform stress echo?
Dobutamine acts on beta 1 and beta2 receptors the hea contains beta1 receptors by stimulating beta1 receptors, dobutamine is producing stress-used for a stress echocardiogram An (echo) is a test used to assess the hea's function and structures. A stress echocardiogram is a test done to assess how well the hea works und...
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Acantholysis is due to destruction of –
Acantholysis occurs in → epidermis Acantholysis is due to destruction of → Intercellular substance containg desmoglein.
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A 72-year-old man with COPD develops acute shortness of breath and presents to the hospital. He appears uncomfortable: blood pressure is 120/90 mm Hg, pulse 100/min, oxygen saturation 85% on room air. On examination of the chest, there is absent fremitus, absent breath sounds, and hyper resonant percussion of the right...
Careful physical examination can be very useful in diagnosing many common pulmonary disorders. Atelectasis and large pleural effusions both can present with decreased fremitus, dullness or flatness to percussion, and absent breath sounds. In atelectasis, tracheal shift, if present, is toward the affected side, and the ...
11,505
medmcqa_train
Which of the following antihypertensive drug is not used in pregnancy?(AIIMS May 2015, 2014)
Ans. a. Enalapril (Ref: Williams Obstertrics 24/e p1006; Goodman and Gilman 12/e p736; Dutta 7/e p228; Katzung 12/e p299)Enatapril is the antihypertensive drug, which is not used in pregnancy."Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: These drugs inhibit the conversion of angiotensin-I to the potent vasoconstrictor ang...
11,506
medmcqa_train
A 4-year-old boy is seen 1 h after ingestion of a lye drain cleaner. No oropharyngeal burns are noted, but the patient's voice is hoarse. Chest x-ray is normal. Of the following, which is the most appropriate therapy?
Corrosive injuries of the esophagus most frequently occur in young children due to accidental ingestion of strong alkaline cleaning agents. Significant esophageal injury occurs in 15% of patients with no oropharyngeal injury, while 70% of patients with oropharyngeal injury have no esophageal damage. Signs of airway inj...
11,507
medmcqa_train
The diagnostic procedure not done in case of pheochromocytoma –
"Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration of chromaffin tumors is contraindicated; indeed, pheochromocytoma should be considered before adrenal lesions are aspirated."  "Catastrophic hypertensive crisis and fatal cardiac arrhythmias can occur spontaneously or may be triggered by intravenous contrast dye or glucagon injectio...
11,508
medmcqa_train
which of the following is a temperment type
temperment is a genitically related body biases in the modulation of conditioned behavioral responses to various external stimuli. there are 4 types of temperment namely novelty seeking reward dependence harm avoidance persistence this is a impoant question that is asked in entrance examinations Ref.Kaplon and sadock, ...
11,509
medmcqa_train
Visual field defect in pituitary tumour with suprasellar extension is:
A chiasmatic lesion (often owing to a pituitary tumor or a lesion around the sella turcica) can injure the decussating axons of retinal ganglion cells within the optic chiasm. These axons originate in the nasal halves of the two retinas. Thus, this type of lesion produces bitemporal hemianopsia, characterized by blindn...
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Risk factors for Endometriosis are all except
Smoking is protective factor for Endometriosis.
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A 36 year old male presents with weakness, pallor and bleeding gums. His HB was 7g %, total leukocyte count 1,10,000 cumm with many immature WBCs, which are positive for MPO and Platelet count 22,000/cumm
Leuocyte - 1,10,000/ cumm Peripheral smear contains immature WBCs MPO test is positive Recause of all three reasons patient is suffering from AML.
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Not true in narcolepsy is-
Ans. B. Sleep architecture normalThere is disturbed REM sleep.Cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone) is the most common accessory symptom.There may be hallucinations mostly hypnagogic and hypnopompic
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A tumor has the following characteristics - retrobulbar location within the muscle cone, well defined capsule, presents with slowly progressive proptosis, easily resectable, occurs most commonly in the 2nd to 4th decade. Most likely diagnosis is -
Ans. (b) Cavernuos hemangiomaRef: Kanski's 7/e, p. 105* Cavernous hemangioma is the most common benign, intraconal tumour in adults.* Presents with slowly progressive unilateral proptosis* CT - well circumscribed oval lesion, encapsulated
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Confounding cannot be removed by?
All of the above REF: Park 20' edition page 68, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding There are various ways to modify a study design to actively exclude or control confounding variables In Case-control studies assign confounders to both groups, cases and controls, equally. In Coho studies matching is often done by ...
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Differences between IMNCI and IMCI include the following -
<p> The Indian version of IMCI has been renamed as IMNCI. One of the major highlight is inclusion of 0-7 days age in the program. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:460. <\p>
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A patient with leukemia on chemotherapy develops acute right lower abdominal pain associated with anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Which of following is the clinical diagnosis?
Answer is D (Neutropenic Colitis) Acute Right sided lower quadrant pain following chemotherapy in an immunocompromised host in characteristic of Neutropenic colitis. Tvphilitis : Syn : Neutropenic colitis, Necrotizing colitis, Necrotizing enteropathy, ileocoecal syndrome or cecitis. This syndrome is classically seen in...
11,517
medmcqa_train
The collagen triple helix structure is not found in -
Triple helix formation occurs in endoplasmic reticulum at procollagen level. Triple helix of procollagen is packed into secretory intracellular vesicles in the Golgi-apparatus. These vesicles then secrete the procollagen into extracellular space where it is converted to tropocollagen (collagen monomer). Tropocollagens ...
11,518
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A 10 years old boy, suffering from nephrotic syndrome developed peritonitis. Which of the following organism is most commonly responsible?
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP): ASCITES Children - MCC is Nephrotic syndrome Due to bacterial translocation M/C organism responsible Adults: E. coli Children: Group A streptococci
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medmcqa_train
Calculate the range from the following distribution –
Don’t get confused by size and number. Just look for largest and smallest value. Largest value = 75 Smallest value = 60 Range = 75 - 60 =15
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40 years old female with a 2 cms nodule in the breast & a proved metastatic node in the axilla, treatment is?
Ans. is 'c' i.e. Patey's with adjuvant chemotherapy
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All of the following statements about Miliary Tuberculosis are true Except -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Montoux is always positive o Montoux test is not always positive in cases of miliary tuberculosis.o It may be regative /non reactive as result of energy.Miliary Tuberculosis may occur foil only primary infection and secondary reactivationo Miliary tuberculosis is due to hematogenous dissemination of t...
11,522
medmcqa_train
According to WHO, membranous glomerulonephritis seen in SLE, is ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Class V KIDNEY INVOLVEMENT IN SLE (LUPUS NEPHRITIS) A. Glomerular disease T1. here are several versions of WHO classification of lupus nephritis ? Minimal or no detectable abnormalities (class 1) It occurs in less than 5% of patients. Has best prognosis. 2. Mesangial lupus glomerulonephritis (class II...
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Majority of the hormone levels will decrease with aging. Which of the following hormone does NOT obey this rule?
Growth hormone, Testosterone, aldosterone will decrease with aging, but prolactin level increases with aging. Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 575
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A 4 month old boy with fever and cough for 3 days. The child O/E has rhonchi; RR 48/min. no chest indrawing. Which of the following is false?
Ans. C. Child has pneumoniaBreathing difficulty can be a prominent sign of pneumonia. Up to 2 months, RR >60/min is considered as breathing difficulty. In age group 2-12 months, RR >50 is considered as breathing difficulty. So in 4 month old child, RR-48/min is not breathing difficulty or pneumonia
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All of the following muscles are paralyzed in trauma to median nerve at the wrist except -
Adductor pollicis is the only thenar muscles, which is supplied by ulnar nerve.
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Peritoneum is opened in all of the following sterilization procedures except :
Ans. is c i.e. Vasectomy Vasectomy consists of dividing the vas deferens and disrupting the passage of sperms. It is done through a small incision in the scrotum under LA. There is no need to open the peritoneum.
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Digoxin can accumulate to toxic levels in patients with:
Digoxin is primarily excreted unchanged by the kidney, mainly by glomerular filtration. Rate of excretion is altered parallel to creatinine clearance. Its  t½  is prolonged in elderly patients and in those with renal insufficiency: dose has to be reduced.  Digoxin is a cumulative drug. When maintenance doses are given ...
11,528
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Shape of normal distribution curve?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bell shape o Standard normal curve (Gaussian distribution) is bell shape curve.
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Rhinitis medicamentosa is caused by excessive use of ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Topical decongestants Rhinitis medicamentosa Caused by excessive use of topical decongestant nasal drops. It is treated by withdrawal of nasal drops, sho course of systemic steroid therapy and in some cases surgical reduction of turbinates, if they have become hyperophied.
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The type of Hodgkin's lymphoma include -a) Nodular sclerosisb) Lymphocyte depletionc) Mixed cellularityd) Mantle cell lymphomae) Lymphoplasmacytic
Hodgkin lymphoma                                                               The term "Hodgkin lymphoma" encompasses a group of lymphoid neoplasm that is characterized by the presence of distinctive neoplastic giant cells called Reed-Sternberg cells. Reed-sternberg cells induce the accumulation of reactive lymphocyt...
11,531
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Most malignant carcinoma of the bladder is -
Muscle Invasive tumor nearly always solid.
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True about serratus anterior ?
Serratus anterior causes protraction of scapula.It is supplied by long thoracic nerve (Nerve of Bell).It forms medial boundary of axilla.Serratus anteriorOrigin : Outer surface of upper 8 ribs by 8 digitations (multipennate muscles).Inseion : Medial border of scapula and inferior angle.Nerve supply : Long thoracic nerv...
11,533
medmcqa_train
You are planning a screening program for a paicular disease in your community. Which of the following is the MOST cost effective method of screening?
High risk screening is the most productive as it is done on the high risk groups. Here there is proper utilisation of resources. Mass screening involves the whole population, so it is done in the entire population irrespective of the risk. In multiphasic screening 2 or more screening test for a single disease is used f...
11,534
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In patients of leprosy, Lepromin test is used for:
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Prognosis [Ref: Park 20/e, p 282 (19/ep271, 18/e p258)JLepromin test is not a diagnostic test, as it may give positive result in normal subjects and negative results in lepromatous and near-lepromatous cases.Uses of Lepromin testto evaluate the immune status (cell mediated immunity) of leprosy patients...
11,535
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Non hormonal drug to prevent post menopausal osteoporosis is :
Ans. is a i.e. Alendronate Alenderonate, Etidronate, Pamidronate, Ibandronate are bisphosphonates which inhibit bone resorption, and are very effective for both osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Uses : * Postmenopausal osteoporosis Paget's disease Osteolytic bone metastasis. Caution : Patient should be instructed ...
11,536
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Which of the following drug is not a pa of the triple therapy immuno suppression for post-renal transplant patients?
Triple therapy immunosuppression given to all post-renal transplant recipients for 0-3 months includes, a calcineurin blocker (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), an anti-proliferative agent (mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine) and a coicosteroid such as predisolone. FK 506 is not a pa of 'triple therapy'. Ref: Bailey and ...
11,537
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Christmas tree cataract is seen in:
Ans. Myotonic dystrophy
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Most common cause of infant morntality?
Most common cause of Infant moality is upper respiratory tract diseases. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 522
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medmcqa_train
Hemolytic uraemic syndrome associate with
EHEC Entero haemorrhagic E.coli Cause HUS Shiga like toxin or Verotoxin (VT-1& VT-2) Aka verotoxigenic E.coli Culture media is Sorbitol mac-Conkey agar (SMAC) and Rainbow agar used Diarrhoea causing E coli EPEC - Entero Pathogenic Attaching/Effacing lesions to villi EIEC - Entero Invasive resemble shigellosis & sereny ...
11,540
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Chloroquine is used in the treatment of :
chloroquine is a rapidly acting erythrocytic schizontocide against all species of plasmodia; controls most clinical attacks in 1-2 days with disappearance of parasites from peripheral blood in 1-3 days. The mechanism of action of chloroquine is not completely known. It is actively concentrated by sensitive intraerythro...
11,541
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Post mortem caloricity is seen with -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Stry chnine Post mortem caloricity:o The temperature of body remains raised for first two hours or so after death.o It is seen with:WTten the regulation of heat production has been severely disturbed before death as in sunstroke & some nervous disordersWhen there has been a great increase in heat prod...
11,542
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A 55 year old man, a chronic smoker is brought to emergency with history of polyuria, polydipsia, nausea and altered sensorium for last two days. He had been diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinoma of lung two months prior to this. On examination, he was lethargic and confused. An ECG was normal except for a narrow...
Answer is B (Hypercalcemia) : Presence of a shoened QT interval along with a history ofpolyuria and altered sensorium in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma suggest a diagnosis of hypercalcemia secondary to paraneoplastic syndrome. The Paraneoplastic syndromes in Broncogenic carcinoma could lead to several electroly...
11,543
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All are examples of competitive enzyme blockage except
Kinetics of enzyme inhibition Competitive inhibitionNon competitive inhibitionKm Increased No change V max No change Decreased Significance Drug action Toxicological (Refer: Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry, 26th edition, pg no: 67-68)
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The lecithin sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is measured for assessing maturity of the following organ:
The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio for assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity. Before 34 weeks, lecithin and sphingomyelin are present in amniotic fluid in similar concentrations. At 32 to 34 weeks, the concentration of lecithin relative to sphingomyelin begins to rise. In the absence of complications, the ratio of...
11,545
medmcqa_train
Time interval between inoculation of infection to maximum infectivity is -
An infection becomes apparent only after a ceain incubation period which is defined as the time interval between invasion by an epidemiological agent and the appearance of first sign or symptoms. During incubation period the infectious agent undergoes multiplication in the host Incubation period is of fundamental impoa...
11,546
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Which of the following is a better predictor of vagal tone
In the given options, all are influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Right vagus mainly innervates SA node, right atrium and left vagus innervates left atrium, AV node, a bundle of His. But vagal innervation of the ventricle is sparse. Hence, vagal stimulation strongly inhibits heart rate (strong - neg...
11,547
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Which of the following is a physiological uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation:
Uncoupler: Uncoupler means electron flow (oxidation) is occurring but phoshorylation is not occurring. This will lead to reduced ATP formation as phosphorylation is not occurring. It will stimulate electron transpo in order to produce more ATPs. Thermogenin, a protein present in brown fat, is a natural/physiological un...
11,548
medmcqa_train
Metachromatic Granules are stained by -
The granules are often situated at the poles of the bacilli and are called Polar bodies they are more strongly Gram positive than the rest of the bacterial cell stained with Loefflers methyelene blue the granules take up a bluish purple colur and are hence called Metachromatic Granules . They are also called Volutin or...
11,549
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Which of the following is the most common side effect seen with fluoxetine therapy?
Fluoxetine is an SSRI and it's adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, insomnia, headache, restlessness, anxiety and sexual dysfunction. Inhibition of platelet function may result in ecchymosis. Ref KD Tripati 8th ed.
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A mother gave bih to a male baby in her home 2 days ago. The mother complaints that she is anxious, unable to tolerate heat and is fatigued most of the time, and repos that she has not gained much weight despite having an increased appetite. She also told that before pregnancy too she had similar complaints. On examina...
Neonate is probably at risk for neonatal thyrotoxicosis. Neonatal thyrotoxicosis: Occurs due of maternally acquired thyrotropin receptor-stimulating antibody (TRSAb). Usually disappears within 2 to 4 months as the concentration of TRSAb falls. Unlike TRSAb, TSH does not cross the placenta. All forms of thyrotoxicosis a...
11,551
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Toxic shock syndrome occurs after one of the following vaccinations
TSS occurs when measles vaccine is contaminated or the same l is used for more than one section on the same day or next day, the vaccine should not be used after 4hrs of opening the l. Symptoms - watery diarrhoea, vomiting and high fever are repoed within few hours of measles vaccine. Ref: Park&;s textbook of preventiv...
11,552
medmcqa_train
Which of the following statement is not true about domperidone?
Domperidone is an antiemetic which is classed under prokinetic drugs. It is a D2 antagonist; But it crosses blood brain barrier poorly - hence extrapyramidal side effects are rare, hyperprolactinemia can occur. Its antiemetic efficacy is LOWER than metoclopramide. Side effects are much less than with metoclopramide; dr...
11,553
medmcqa_train
Trismus is due to spasm of which muscle?
Ans. D Medial pterygoidRef: Gray's Anatomy 41st ed. P 552* Trismus/Lock jaw is painful reflex muscle spasm. It occurs due to spasm of muscle of mastication and leads to inability to open the oral cavity* Trismus occurs due to involvement of masseter or medial pterygoid muscle or due to sub mucosal fibrosis.* Note: Infe...
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medmcqa_train
The following chest X-ray findings are all suggestive of malignancy except:
Ans. Diffuse calcification
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Severe Conjunctivitis caused by:
* The most common causes of acute bacterial conjunctivitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. * Hyperacute cases are usually caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or N. meningitidis. * Chronic cases of bacterial conjunctivitis are those lasting longer than 3 weeks, and are typica...
11,556
medmcqa_train
Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin­-
The Malpighian layer of the skin is generally defined as both the stratum basale and stratum spinosum as a unit, although it is occasionally defined as the stratum basale specifically,or the stratum spinosum specifically. It is named after Marcello Malpighi
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A girl presented with severe hyperkalemia and peaked T waves on ECC. Most rapid way to decrease serum potassium level:
Ans. c. Insulin + glucose Administering insulin and glucose are the most rapid way to decrease serum potassium level."Intravenous insulin is the fastest way to lower serum potassium levels.""Intravenous calcium gluconate is the first drug to he administered in a patient with hyperkalemia having ECG abnormalities. It st...
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Rib ossification center first appears in which rib ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 6thEach rib (except for 11th& 12th) is ossified from four centres :-One primary centre-->for bodyThree epiphyseal (secondary )centres for :-HeadAicular pa of tubercleNon aicular pa of tubercleOssification begins near the angle toward the end of 2" month (around 8th week) of fetal life, and is seen fir...
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Pterygium is
Pterygium is subconjuctival fibrobasvular growth encroaching on the cornea REF:Refer Khurana 6th edition page number 87
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True about streptococcus are all except
Group C streptococci are predominantly animal pathogens. Group C strains isolated from human sources usually belong to the streptococcus equisimilis species. It can cause upper respiratory infection, as well as deep infections such as endocarditis, osteomyelitis, brain abscess and pneumoniae and puerperal sepsis in hum...
11,561
medmcqa_train
Neomycin is used in which of the following vaccines to prevent bacterial contamination?
MMR vaccine and IPV each contains less than 25 mg of neomycin per dose . Persons who are known to be allergic to neomycin should be closely observed after vaccination so that any allergic reaction can be treated at once.
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Ectopic mucosa of Meckel's diverticulum is diagnosed by:
Ans. (a) Tc-99 radionuclide scanRef: Sabiston 19th edition, Pages 1268-1270* Tc99m radionuclide scan is based on the presence of ectopic gastric mucosa.* The sensitivity of the scan can be increased by giving glucagon, pentagastrin or cimetidine.
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Vaginal changes in normal pregnancy show:
The considerably increased volume of cervical secretions within the vagina during pregnancy consists of a somewhat thick, white discharge. The pH is acidic, varying from 3.5 to 6. This results from increased production of lactic acid from glycogen in the vaginal epithelium by the action of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Th...
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Best specimen for rabies diagnosis in living person:
o Biopsy of hair follicle of base of neck is more sensitive and considered as the best sample for direct florescent antibody (DFA) test done for antemoem diagnosis of Rabies. o Corneal smears, biopsy from hair follicle from the nape of the neck, and saliva are the used specimens for antemoem diagnosis of rabies. o Corn...
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The light brown perinuclear pigment seen on H & Estaining of the cardiac muscle fibres in the grosslynormal appearing hea of an 83 year old man atautopsy is due to deposition os:
. Lipochrome
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Cephalic Index of 80-85 is seen in:
Ans: A (Mongols) Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy. 29th edition. 2010. Pg: 54Explanation:Cephalic Index =Maximum breadth of skull Maximum length of skttllx 100The length and breadth are measured by calipers between both parietal eminences, between glabella and external occipit...
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The infective agent causing atherosclerosis -
Seroepidemiological studies suggest an association between several microbes and coronary heart disease. Microbes or their structural components are found in atherosclerotic plaques, but the only intact microbes commonly present are herpes viruses and Chlamydia pneumoniae. These agents are able to initiate and accelerat...
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True about typhoid is -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Vi polysaccharide of bacterial cell used for vaccination
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Fascia covering the rectus abdominis muscle is-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rectus sheath Rectus sheath* It is an aponeurotic sheath enclosing rectus abdominis muscle formed by aponeuroses of the three flat abdominal muscles. Rectus sheath has two walls - (i) anterior and (ii) posterior.* Anterior wall is complete and its composition is variable as follows -i) Above costal ma...
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Not a teratogen is:
Metocloperamide
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A capillary that connects metaeriole directly with a venule is called as:
'Thoroughfare' means a channel or a road that connects two major roads. A.V. anastomosis is called as thoroughfare vessel. Windkessel vessels ~ aoa and large aeries Resistance vessels ~ aerioles Exchange vessels ~ capillaries
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Vitamin D is not found in sufficient quantities in: March 2012
Ans: D i.e. Milk Foodstuff and vitamin-D content Fish fat contains 5-30 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Egg contains 1.25-1.5 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Halibut liver oil contains 500-10,000 microgram/100 gram of vitamin D Milk has 0.1 microgram/100 gram
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A patient with sulphur granules discharging from sinus, suggestive of infection with -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mycetoma o Mycetoma are chronic, slowly progressive infections of the subcutaneous tissue usually of the foot caused by a number of Actinomycetes and filamentous fungi.o The disease usually begins as a small subcutaneous swelling of the foot, which enlarges, burrowing into deeper tissues and tracking ...
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Acoustic neuroma causes -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Retrocochlear deafness o The clinical features depend on the extent of tumor and involved structureWhen tumor is still confined to the internal auditory canalCochleovestibular symptoms are the earliest symptoms of acoustic neuroma when tumour is still confined to internal auditory canal. The commonest...
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Acalculous cholecystitis is caused by all except
Causes of Acalculous cholecystitis Common causes Elderly and critically ill patients after trauma Burns Longterm TPN Major operations(Abdominal aneurysm repair and cardiopulmonary bypass) Diabetes mellitus Uncommon causes Vasculitis Obstructing GB adenocarcinoma GB torsion Parasitic infestation Unusual bacterial infect...
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Smoking has which effect on Uterine leiomyoma formation
Smoking alters estrogen metabolism and lowers physiologically active serum estrogen levels. This explains lower risk of leiomyoma formation in smokers.
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All except one are deformities associated with Leprosy
Clutton's joints are associated with syphilis.
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True statement regarding poal venous system is?
Whole system is valve less REF: BDC 4th edition vol II p. 268-71, Gray's Anatomy 39th edition p. 1218 In adults, the poal vein and its tributaries have no valves. In fetal life and for a sho postnatal period valves are d emonstrable in its tributaries, but they usually atrophy. Rarely some persist in an atrophic form i...
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Coicosteroid of choice in Acute Adrenal Insufficiency is?
Hydrocoisone REr: Katzung 9th edition page 648, KDT 6th edition page 283 "Acute Adrenal Insufficiency: Hydrocoisone sodium succinate 100 mg IV every 8 hourly is REF: Katzung given until the patient is stable" "In Acute adrenal insufficiency, Hydrocoisone or Dexamethasone are given IV first as bolus & then as infusion"
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Lovibond profile sign is seen in -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clubbing "Clinical indicators of clubbing are Lovibond profile sign and curth s modified profile sign"o Lovibond angle is the angle located at the junction between the nail plate and proximal nail fold. It is normally less than 160deg. In clubbing, the angle exceeds 180deg (Lovibond profile sign).
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Transthoracic compliance formula
Transthoracic pressure Transthoracic compliance : Alveolar pressure - Atmospheric pressure
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Example for radiation induced cancer is:
Ans: a
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Which of the following is not true about intrinsic renal failure in case of ischemic ATN?
Ans. c. Urine sodium > 20 mmol/L. (Ref H-18th/Table 44-2) Index Prerenal Azotemia *(lschemic ATN)Oliguric Acute Renal FailureBUN/PCr Ratio>20:110-15:1Urine sodium (UNa), mEq/L<20>40Urine osmolality, mOsm/L H2o>500<350Fractional excretion of sodium<1%>2%FENa=UN, x PCr x 100---------PNa,x UCr Urine/plasma creatinine (UCr...
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Commonest complication of Pseudocyst of the pancreas is
.Complications of pseudocyst--* Rupture--3% - into bowel or peritoneum * Infection, commonest--20% * Bleeding from the splenic vessels--7% * Cholangitis * Duodenal obstruction * Poal/splenic vein thrombosis and segmental poal hypeension * Cholestasis due to CBD block ref:SRB&;S manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 623
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In typical hanging, knot is placed at: FMGE 09
Ans. Occiput
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All included in WHO criteria for water quality except
Nitrates < 45 mg/l Nitrites <3 mg /l
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In the second stage of anaesthesia the pupil is –
Stage 1 → Pupil size normal Stage 2 → Partially dilated Stage 3 → Plane 1 → normal size, Plane 2 → 1/2 dilated, Plane 3 → 3/4 dilated, Plane 4 → fully dilated. Stage 4 → Fully dilated & fixed
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Sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animalis-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bestiality o Section 377 IPC defines unnatural sexual offences as sexual intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal and lays down punishment for the same. These offences are sodomy, buccal coitus, tribadism (lesbianism), and bestiality'.Sodomyo Sodomy is sexual intercourse t...
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All the following antimicrobial agents are used topically except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Griseofulvin o Griseofulvin is used systemically for dermatophytosis. It is ineffective topically.
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A 32-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department after an injury to his foot while playing football with his college friends. An MRI examination reveals multiple tendinous tears. Which of the following bones is associated with the muscle tears?
(c) Source: GAS 601, 603, 604, 607, 608; GA 7, 273, 310-312, 314The bone to which the injured ligament attaches is the calcaneus. The navicular bone, located medially in the foot, articulates posteriorly with the head of the talus and anteriorly with the cuneiform bones. The cuboid bone of the lateral longitudinal arch...
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The widest transverse diameter of the fetal skull is :
Transverse diameters of fetal skull in mechanism of labor are: Biparietal diameter: 9.5cm Super-subparietal: 8.5cm Bitemporal: 8cm Bimastoid: 7.5cm Reference: D C Dutta Textbook of Obstetrics 7th edition,page 85
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A patient on ATT develops tinnitus and hearing loss due to:
(c) Streptomycin(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 2371)Streptomycin is predominantly vestibulotoxic. In very high doses they can affect the cochlear system also, leading to hearing loss and tinnitus.
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Tryptophan is:
Ans. D. Non polar, essential, both glucogenic & ketogenicTryptophan is a non-polar, heterocyclic amino acid. It acts as glucogenic as well as ketogenic amino acid. It is an essential amino acid as it helps in the formation of Niacin (active form NAD) and serotonin and melatonin.
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The sho retroviral regime administration in the peripaum period decreases the risk of veical transmission by:
Shoer, more practical regimens staing later in pregnancy have been shown to reduce peripaum transmission by 40-50%. Ref: Aicle: Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Challenges for The Current Decade, 2001, Marie-Louise Newell1 ; Textbook of Obstetrics By Dutta, 6th Edition, Pages 300-302 ; Williams Obstet...
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Mannitol infusion causes increase in
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Omolarity
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Most malignant type of pustular psoriasis is ?
Ans. is'd'i.e., Von Zumbusch typeVon Zumbusch type of pustular psoriasis is the suddenly developing most serious type, characterized by severe systemic upset, swinging pyrexia, ahralgia and high polymorphonuclear lymphocytes.The skin first becomes erythrodermic and then develops sheets of sterile pustules over trunk an...
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French osteotomy is used in treatment of ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cubitus varus Cubitus yarns Cubitus varus, also known as a "gunstock deformity", is the most common complication of supracondylar fracture humerus, due to malunion. It is called gunstock because the deformity resembles a rifle gunstock. The three static deformities of cubitus varus are (all with respe...
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Topical steroids can be used in -
Options not relevant (Delete)
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