query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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A 2 year old child without fever develops bone pain, vomiting and features of increased intracranial pressure following excessive medication. The drug most likely to be responsible for this is – | It is a case of pseudotumor cerebri. | 13,600 | medmcqa_train |
FG, FFG, FFFG....used to describe: (PGI May 2011) | Ans: C (Black gun..) FG, FFG, FFFG.... are used to describe the size of grains of black gunpowder.Gunpowder used in FirearmsBlack PowderQ# It consists of Potassium nitrate 75%, Charcoal 15% & Suiph ur 10% (Pnemonic - PCS in decreasing percentage)# It is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG, etc., depending on size of the grains... | 13,601 | medmcqa_train |
Identification features of oesophagus are all except | Oesophagus is lined by Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium.The oesophagus is covered by an adventitia until it pierces the diaphragm, after which it is covered by a serosa.Oesophagus and duodenum have submucosal glandsThe muscularis externa of the upper third of the oesophagus has mostly skeletal muscle, the... | 13,602 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is associated with anti-glomerulal basement membrane antibody ? | Repeated question | 13,603 | medmcqa_train |
Digitalis produces which of the following changes in ECG ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Prolonged PR interval o There are some characteristic ECG changes by digitalis use, some of which occur at therapeutic concentration and some occurs at toxic level :1. At therapeutic levelo Prolongation of PR intervalo Scooping of ST segment - Also known as digitalis wave or dig sag there is down slop... | 13,604 | medmcqa_train |
All are true regarding SIADH, except - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Urine hypoosmolar Cardinal features of SIADH include:o Hyponatremia (dilutional hyponatremia with Na+ < 135 m mold).o Decreased plasma osmolality (<280 m osm/kg with inappropriately increased urine osmolality > 150 m osm).o High urine sodium (over 20 meq/l).o Low blood urea Nitrogen <10 mg/L.o Hypouri... | 13,605 | medmcqa_train |
Medial calcification is seen in - | First, see types of arteries
Based on their size and structural features, arteries are divided into three types.
1. Large or Elastic arteries
Aorta
Its large branches, eg. - Innominate, Subclavian, common carotid, iliac.
Pulmonary arteries.
2. Medium sized or muscular arteries
Small branches of aorta → Coronary, Re... | 13,606 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the treatment of choice for cryptococcal meningitis? | Amphotericin B (AMB): Antifungal spectrum AMB is active against a wide range of yeasts and fungi-Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aspergillus, Sporothrix, etc. Dermatophytes are inhibited in vitro, but concentrati... | 13,607 | medmcqa_train |
F body is | Ans. (a) Y chromatin(Ref: Emery Genetics)Quinacrine, a fluorescence dye, binds strongly to the Y chromosome forming a bright fluorescent spot (F body). This is clearly visible in stained interphase cells from various tissues from the human male and in mature spermatozoa | 13,608 | medmcqa_train |
A 28-year-old woman comes for treatment of hirsutism. She is obese and has facial acne and hirsutism on her face. Serum LH level is 32 mIU/mL and FSH is 9 mIU/mL. Androstenedione and testosterone levels are mildly elevated, but serum DHEAS is normal. The patient does not wish to conceive at this time. Which of the foll... | This patient has PCOS, diagnosed by Clinical picture- Obese, Facial acne and Hirsutism Abnormally High LH-to-FSH ratio, and increased androgens but Normal DHEAS(excludes Adrenal sources of Hyperandrogenism) To treat Hirsutism associated with PCOS:- OC pills suppress hair growth, act by directly suppressing ovarian ster... | 13,609 | medmcqa_train |
The internal anal sphincter is formed by: | Ans: B (Longitudinal muscle fibers) Ref: Grays Anatomy 40th editionExplanation:Internal anal sphincterThe internal anal sphincter is a well-defined ring of obliquely orientated smooth muscle fibers that is continuous with the circular muscle of the rectum, and which terminates at the junction of the superficial and sub... | 13,610 | medmcqa_train |
What is the artery labeled with black arrow in the given diagram? | Ans- A . Ref- The central nervous system, like any system of the body, requires constant oxygenation and nourishment. The brain has a particularly high oxygen demand - at rest it represents one fifth of the body's total oxygen consumption. It is also very sensitive to oxygen deprivation, with ischemic cell death result... | 13,611 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about cerebellar astrocytomas in paediatric age group is true, EXCEPT: | Cerebellar Astrocytomas are equally common in males and females and it is a low grade tumor, classified as a WHO grade I tumor. It is most commonly develop during the first two decades of life. Ref: Nelson 18th Edition, Page 2130, 2131; Harrison 17th Edition, Page 2602, 2603, 2604 | 13,612 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis of the given below condition? | Peutz-Jegher syndrome is characterized by acral lentigenes (hyperpigmented macules on face and buccal mucosa) with hamartomatous polyps in gastrointestinal tract. | 13,613 | medmcqa_train |
Systemic adverse effects of long term inhaled steroids are evident only at doses more than ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 600 mcg/day. lRef: KDT Vhle p. 230)Systemic effects of long-term inhaled glucocoicoids are clinically relevant only at doses > 600 mcg/day.The significant ones are-mood changes, osteoporosis, growth retardation in children, bruising, petechiae, hyperglycaemia and pituitary-adrenal suppression; several... | 13,614 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a feature of Crohn's disease? | Crohn's disease - Intraabdominal abscess causing spiking fever (High grade with chills & rigor) Hallmark - Fistula formation (Peri-anal fistula) - Fecaluria (Communication between the gut and Bladder; stool will come in urine) -Rectum is spared -MC pa involve is T. ileum -Proctitis- usually a feature of UC. MC pa invol... | 13,615 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about atrial myxomas are true, except: | * Tumour plop sound is a low pitch sound heard in diastole when the tumour impacts against the opening mitral valve. * Myxomas- present with peripheral or pulmonary emboli or with constitutional signs and symptoms- fever, weight loss, cachexia, Raynaud's phenomenon, hypergammaglobulinemia, anemia, polycythemia, leukocy... | 13,616 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following adaptations will be apt to increase the work capacity at high altitude | If we increase the workload, more oxygen will be required. At high altitudes oxygen is low. So we need to decrease the workload. At the same time, to increase the work capacity, we need to increase the duration of exercise without increasing the load. | 13,617 | medmcqa_train |
In which of the following conditions ovaries function normally | Turners syndrome has streak ovaries AIS is a genotypic male 46 XY with testes and a female phenotype (insensitivity to androgens produced by testes) Swyers syndrome is a 46 XY female where the testes are non-functional and hence a default female form is made MRKH is a woman with normal ovaries but no Uterus. | 13,618 | medmcqa_train |
True about electroretinogram? | ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY( ERG ): Measures the changes in the resting potential of the eye, induced by the stimulation of the eye with a light stimulus. Components : *'a' wave - Negative wave, representing the activity of Rods and Cones *'b' wave - Positive wave, representing the activity of inner retinal layers. *'c' wave -... | 13,619 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement is true about colostrum? 1. Secreted after 11 days of childbih 2. Rich in Immunoglobulin 3. Contains more protein than milk 4. Contains less fat than milk 5. Daily secretion is about 10ml/day | Colostrum is very rich in proteins, vitamin A and sodium chloride, but contains lower amounts of carbohydrates, lipids, and potassium than normal milk. Colostrum contains immunoglobulins such as IgA, IgG, and IgM. | 13,620 | medmcqa_train |
The type of suture represented by sagittal suture of the cranial vault is | The joints in the skull are mostly sutures.
Various types of sutures in the skull are,
Plane suture - Eg. Internasal suture, mid palatal suture.
Serrated suture - Eg. Sagittal and coronal suture (interparietal suture).
Denticulate suture - Tooth like projections. Eg. Lambdoid suture.
Squamous suture - Eg. Parieto-temp... | 13,621 | medmcqa_train |
Arrange the following in sequence occurring in fed state 1. Insulin 2. GLUT-2 3. Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles 4. GLUT-4 | During Fed state GLUT-2 = Insulin = GLUT-4 = Uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles | 13,622 | medmcqa_train |
Dissemination of toxoplasma is : | Blood | 13,623 | medmcqa_train |
Why is Covid-19 a major global concern despite the propey of influenza to spread faster than Covid-19 ? | Influenza Covid-19 Median incubation period 2 days 5.5 days Serial interval 3 days 5-6 days Moality 0.1% 3% Though Influenza spreads faster than covid 19 but moality and reproductive number is higher for covid-19 due to which it is a disease of global concern . Reproductive number- No. of secondary infections generated... | 13,624 | medmcqa_train |
Chloroquine acts on - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Blood schizont o Chloroquine is highly effective blood schizontocide. | 13,625 | medmcqa_train |
About infective endocarditis (IE), the following is false: | Osler's Nodes are seen in the pulp of fingers. | 13,626 | medmcqa_train |
Senescent RBC&;s are mainly attcked in - | Plasmodium malariae causes quaan malaria, in which febrile paroxysms occur every fouh day, with 72 hours' interval between the bouts. The disease is generally mild, but is notorious for its long persistence in circulation in undetectable levels, for 50 years or more.The sporozoites are relatively thick. Pre-erythrocyti... | 13,627 | medmcqa_train |
An increased incidence of pancreatitis is associated with all of the following except? | Ans- (d) HypertensionRef: Robbings pathology 9th ed. /884-86* Acute pancreatitis is seen chiefly in males after age 40 and often associated with obesity and alcoholism.* In about 50 percent of the cases, gallstones are also present.* Pancreatitis occurs in about 10 percent of cases of hyperparathyroidism* Long term Thi... | 13,628 | medmcqa_train |
Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy is: March 2013 (a, b, c, d, g, h) | Ans. A i.e. 22 cm Distant direct ophthalmoscopy Used to get a preliminary idea about the status of the ocular media and fundu This should be done routinely before doing a direct ophthalmoscopy Equipment needed - self illuminated ophthalmoscope or plane mirror with a hole in centre Procedure Should be performed in a sem... | 13,629 | medmcqa_train |
Mannitol decreases the intraocular pressure by ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Withdrawing water from vitreous By osmotic action mannitol encourages movement of water from aqueous humour --> decrease. Mannitol is used in angle closure (narrow angle, acute congestive) glaucoma. Treatment of acute congestive glaucoma o Definitive therapy is surgery (laser iridotomy) Drugs are used... | 13,630 | medmcqa_train |
Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred for the following reason ? | Time sector scanning of neonates is preferred because of the practical reason the open fontanelle serve as acoustic windows. Best results are obtained with a high-frequency phased array transducer (5-8 MHz) with a small footprint probe. Additional information : Neurosonography stas with gray-scale imaging performed the... | 13,631 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a feature of congenital glaucoma? | Trabeculodysgenesis is the main pathogenesis for congenital glaucoma. Pathogenesis of Congenital Glaucoma Pathogenesis: Abnormal development of angle (trabeculodysgenesis) (Berkens Membrane). Flat iris inseion. Haab's stria : Horizontal Stria present in glaucoma. - Classical triad of lacrimation, photophobia & blepharo... | 13,632 | medmcqa_train |
Transovarian transmission of infection occurs in - | Ticks transmit disease by biting (larva and nymph also by biting) - Trans-stadially Experiments in ticks have shown trans-ovarian transmission of infection through successive generations. REF: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 840 | 13,633 | medmcqa_train |
Ramu presents with recurrent attacks of cholelithiasis, USG examination shows dilated CBD of 1 cm. The next line of management is | ERCP Endoscopic clearance of CBD stones can avoid the need for an open operation if expeise in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration is not available Indications of preoperative ERCP Patients with worsening cholangitis Ampullaru stone impaction Biliary pancreatitis Cirrhosis Contraindications of endoscopic sphincte... | 13,634 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are employed to evaluate a case of heterophoria except: | Ans. Alternate cover test | 13,635 | medmcqa_train |
Which complex of ETC reacts directly with O2? | Complex IV: Cyt-c Oxidase The system functions: * As proton pump * Catalyses transfer of electrons to molecular O2 to form H2O. This is the terminal component of ETC. It catalyses the transfer of electrons from Cyt-c to molecular O2 Cyt-a, Cu++ ions and Cyt-a3.Ref: MN Chatterjea Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th ed... | 13,636 | medmcqa_train |
The most impoant single function of World Health Organization is? | WHO : Established in 1945. Constitution came into force on 7th April 1948. Hence, 7th April is WORLD HEALTH DAY. Head quaers is located in GENEVA. WHD 2018,2019 Theme is Universal health coverage. WHO's most impoant single function is to promote and suppo national health policy development and the development of compre... | 13,637 | medmcqa_train |
Pituitary secretes all hormones except ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thyroxine | 13,638 | medmcqa_train |
The least radiosensitive tissue is: | Ans. Nervous tissue | 13,639 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is determined by measuring sciatic notch index in a skeleton? | Sciatic notch index is a trait used for differentiating sex by measuring sciatic notch. Formula is, Sciatic notch index = (width of sciatic notch/depth of sciatic notch) * 100 It is normally 4-5 in males and 5-6 in females Ref: Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 56. | 13,640 | medmcqa_train |
A two year old male child was given 8 days of cefaclor of a 10 days course. The child develops low grade fever, malaise lymphadenopathy, irritability, generalized erythematous rash which are mildly pruritic. Most probable diagnosis is | Type 3 hypersensitivity (Repeat) | 13,641 | medmcqa_train |
Not involved in damage to cerebellum:March 2010 | Ans. C: AstheniaSigns of Cerebellar DisordersAtaxia, Reeling, wide-based gait- decomposition of movements, Inability to correctly sequence fine, coordinated actsDysahria-Inability to aiculate words correctly, with slurring and inappropriate phrasingDysdiadochokinesia-Inability to perform rapid alternating movementsDysm... | 13,642 | medmcqa_train |
Game keepers thumb is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament ruptureo Injury to the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint ulnar collateral ligament is commonly referred to as gamekeeper thumb orskierfs thumb, although the original "gamekeeper" description (Campbell, 1955) referred to an attritional ulnar colla... | 13,643 | medmcqa_train |
Right esotropia is evident with ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Left lateral rectus paralysis | 13,644 | medmcqa_train |
Candida is most often implicated in causation -( | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thrush | 13,645 | medmcqa_train |
Oral pills may prevent the development of: March 2011 | Ans. B: Ovarian malignancy Combined oral pills reduce the incidence of functional ovarian cysts (50%) and ovarian and uterine malignancy The incidence of ovarian cancer is reduced by 40% OCP: They are contraceptive agent of choice in: - Newly married - Post aboal - Post paum non-lactating OCP of choice in lactating mot... | 13,646 | medmcqa_train |
Sorghum contains excess of | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leucine o Jowar (Sorghum) contains excess of leucine which can cause niacine deficiency and pellagra. | 13,647 | medmcqa_train |
Transport of molecules in simple diffusion is not determined by: | Ref: Pal GK. Transport across Cel! membrane. In: Textbook of medical physiology. 2""' ed. Abuja publishing house. 2011: 4: 32,33.Explanation:Permeability of substances across the membrane is decided by1. Lipid - solubility2. Molecular size3. Charge of the molecule4. Temperature5. Distribution of channels in the membran... | 13,648 | medmcqa_train |
A wave in JVP is due to- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrial contraction JUGULAR VENOUS PULSEa waveIt is the positive presystolic wave produced by right atrial contraction.x descenta wave is followed by the negative systolic wave the x ' descent. The x descent is produced due to atrial relaxation. The atrial relaxation is produced as a result of ventricu... | 13,649 | medmcqa_train |
A patient after giving inhalational anaestheia developed fulminant hepatitis, patient was exposed to same drug previously. Which is the drug | The first modern halogenated volatile anesthetic, halothane, was introduced in 1955. Clinical exposure to halothane is associated with two distinct types of hepatic injury. Subclinical hepatotoxicity occurs in 20% of adults who receive halothane. It is characterized by mild postoperative elevations in alanine aminotran... | 13,650 | medmcqa_train |
In which case lymph nodes are resected prophylactically - | Ans is 'a' ie Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft tissue sarcomas metastasises through blood to lung (MC) & liver but lymphatic metastasis is very rare. Still some sarcomas metastasize to lymph nodes. Prophylactic resection is required in them along with resection of the tumor. "Rhabdomyosarcoma a tumor of striated muscle,... | 13,651 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following features indicates the presence of heart disease in pregnancy and which is not seen in normal pregnancy? | Ans. is b, i.e. Distended neck veinsRef. Williams Obs. 22/e, p 1019, 23/e, p 960, Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 275Many of the physiological adaptations of normal pregnancy and physical findings resemble heart disease symptoms and signs, making the diagnosis of heart disease more difficult.For example, in normal pregnancy, functio... | 13,652 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is preferred in treating opioid induced constipation | Alvimopan is a peripheral opioid antagonist used against opioid induced constipation. | 13,653 | medmcqa_train |
Distance of distant direct ophthalmoscopy: | Distant Direct Ophthalmoscopy Distance at which DDO performed is 25cm done with direct ophthalmoscope. contains light source viewing window. Normally red glow seen Interpretations Red glow= healthy retina Grey glow = Retinal Detachment No glow = vitreous haemorrhage Black spot in centre = cataract or corneal opacity GO... | 13,654 | medmcqa_train |
For knowing the acute adverse effects of a drug, the drug micro doses should be tested on: | Ans. (a) Two different speciesType of TestApproachAcute toxicityDefined as dose that is lethal in approximately 50% of animals and is maximum tolerated dose.It requires usually two species, two routes, single dose.Subacute toxicityIt requires three doses and two species. 4 weeks to 3 months may be necessary prior to cl... | 13,655 | medmcqa_train |
A patient undergoing surgery suddenly develops hypotension. The monitor shows that the end tidal CO2 has decreased abruptly by 155mm Hg. What is the probable diagnosis? | Ans. is 'b' i.e. pulmonary embolism Ref: Miller's anesthesia 5th/e p1276First what is end tidal CO2The air exhaled during normal respiration initially consists of the dead space. Then a mixture of dead space air plus alveolar air comes out. The air coming out at the end consists purely of alveolar air.Measurement of co... | 13,656 | medmcqa_train |
A new born baby with acute respiratory distress on day 1. X Ray chest PA view showed neumerous gas luscencies in entire left hemithorax, most likely diagnosis is | C i.e. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Left sided & whole lung involvementQ points towards diagnosis of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Cong. cystic .adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) and Congenital lobar emphysema all can present with multicystic Contralateral mediastinal shift & respiratory distress. | 13,657 | medmcqa_train |
Best marker for GIST is | Diagnostic markers GISTs and cajal cells express c-KIT (also known as CD117) and CD34. Most useful diagnostic marker is c-KIT and immunohistochemically detected in 95% of gastric GISTs GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY RAMDAS NAYAK FIRST EDITION PAGE 390 | 13,658 | medmcqa_train |
Main risk in fracture Scaphoid is: | D i.e. Avascular necrosis | 13,659 | medmcqa_train |
Alkaline phosphatase contains | ALP is a nonspecific enzyme which hydrolyzes aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic compounds. the pH optimum for the enzyme reaction is between 9 and 10.it is activated by magnesium and manganese. zinc is a constituent ion of ALP.Ref: DM Vasudevan Biochemistry, page no: 305 | 13,660 | medmcqa_train |
True about Merkel cells | Merkel cells They are slow-adapting mechanoreceptors found in fingeips, lips, oral cavity, and hair follicle. 1) Found in stratum basale; communicate with neurons 2) CK20+ in perinuclear dot pattern sensitive/ specific for Merkel cells; also (+) for neurofilaments, S100, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, vasoactive intest... | 13,661 | medmcqa_train |
A patient is referred to the neurologist because of ataxia. Neurological examination reveals a loss of proprioception and a wide-based, slapping gate. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals degeneration of the dorsal columns and dorsal roots of the spinal cord. Which of the following organisms is most likely to have caused... | The findings described are those of tabes dorsalis, a form of teiary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum. Tabes dorsalis, and other forms of teiary syphilis, are now uncommon in this country, possibly because the common use of antibiotics may "treat" many unsuspected cases of syphilis. Haemophilus influenzae and Neis... | 13,662 | medmcqa_train |
Lymph flow is increased by all except | Any factor that increases interstitial fluid pressure also increases lymph flow if the lymph vessels are functioning normally. Such factors include the following: * Elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure * Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure * Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure * Increased per... | 13,663 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not expected in a case of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia: | Answer is B (Reduced Total RBC distribution width Microcytic Hypochromic Anemias are typically associated with a Normal or High Red Cell Distribution Width Condition Test (normal values) Iron deficiency Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia Anemia of chronic disease Smear Microcytic (MCV<80) Microcytic hypochromic Microcyti... | 13,664 | medmcqa_train |
True about anaesthesia breathing circuit is | Cylinders -High pressure system Pipelines -Intermediate pressure system Oxygen Flush delivers 30 to 75lts and it is a pa of intermediate pressure system | 13,665 | medmcqa_train |
Type-II error is | In statistical hypothesis testing a type I error is the rejection of a true null hypothesis (also known as a "false positive" finding or conclusion), while a type II error is the non-rejection of a false null hypothesis (also known as a "false negative" finding or conclusion). Much of statistical theory revolves around... | 13,666 | medmcqa_train |
A college student is surprised one morning by painful urination and a cream-colored exudate. Any person who acquires the gram-negative microbe that causes this infection is most likely to have acquired it via which of the following? | The respiratory tract is a common portal of entry to such airborne organisms as M. tuberculosis. This is why respiratory precautions must be taken when patients are harboring viable M. tuberculosis. The GI tract is usually infected from ingestion of contaminated food or water (Shigella, Salmonella, and Campylobacter) o... | 13,667 | medmcqa_train |
Most teratogenic in pregnancy | Valproate is the most teratogenic, phenytoin also isn't safe. Phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, topiramate are relatively safe drugs but 4mg folic acid is required per day. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed. | 13,668 | medmcqa_train |
. Peutz Jeghers polyps present most commonly in | Jejunum [Ref: Oxford textbook of medicine: Sections 18-33, Volume 3 By David A. Warrell 2005/e p6431 Oxford textbook of medicine writes- "The syndrome stigmata are obvious with multiple pigmented spots on the lips and buccal mucosa, and multiple benign hamaomatous polyps throughout the gastrointestinal tract, most freq... | 13,669 | medmcqa_train |
True about anthropoid pelvis, sacrosciatic notch is : | Wide and shallow | 13,670 | medmcqa_train |
For foreign body causing sudden choking, most appropriate first line of management is? | ANSWER: (B) Heimlich maneuverREF: Dhingras 4th ed p. 257Management of Laryngeal foreign body:A large bolus of food/ foreign body obstructed above the cords may make the patient totally aphonic, unable to cry for help. He may die of asphyxia unless immediate first aid measures are taken.H eimlichJs maneuvers: S udden th... | 13,671 | medmcqa_train |
The following statements are related to occipito posterior except | In more than 50% the occipito posterior position is associated with either anthrapoid or android pelvis | 13,672 | medmcqa_train |
Basal ganglia is involved in which types of memory | Procedural memory is required to do normal activities and it is from basal ganglia that the impulses for this arise. Therefore basal ganglia are involved in planning and programming of movements there fore is the site for procedural memory. Ganongs review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:251. | 13,673 | medmcqa_train |
HbA2 is - | Human Hb exists in a number of types which differ slightly in the structure of their globin moiety. HbA2 is minor Hb in the adult red cell with structural formula alpha 2 delta 2.Alpha with 141 aminoacid and delta with 146 aminoacids.It is present in very small amounts at bih and reaches adult level during first year o... | 13,674 | medmcqa_train |
Randomization is best done by | C. i.e. (Random number table) (77 - Park 19th) (78- Park 20th)RANDOMIZATION - is a statistical procedure by which the participants are allocated into groups usually called "Study" and "Control" groups, to receive or not to receive an experimental preventive or therapeutic procedure, manoeuvre or intervention* Randomiza... | 13,675 | medmcqa_train |
Pleural mesothelioma is associated with- | Malignant mesothelioma of pleura
Malignant mesothelioma in the thorax arise from either the visceral or the parietal pleura.
It is associated with exposure to asbestos.
Simian virus 40 (SV40) viral DNA has also been associated with malignant mesothelioma.
Morphology
Malignant mesothelioma is a diffuse lesion that ... | 13,676 | medmcqa_train |
Vitamin for which only animal source is available is:- | - Vitamin B12/Cyanocobalamine is only obtainable through animal sources, therefore strict vegetarians develop B12 deficiency. - Vit B12 deficiency leads to :- Megaloblastic anemia Peripheral neuritis SCDSC Infeility Atrophic glossitis Peripheral neuropathy. | 13,677 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following enzymes is deficient in Niemann- Pick disease? | Ans.c (Sphingomyelinase) (Ref. Harper Biochemistry, 26th ed. 203; Table 24-1; OP Ghai 6th ed. 542, 616) SphingolipidosesInheritanceEnzyme DeficientCNS InvolvementVisceral Involvement1Fabry diseaseXLRAlpha-Galactosidase_+2Krabbe's diseaseARBeta-Galactosidase++3Farber diseaseARCeramidase+/--4Gaucher diseaseARBeta-Glucosi... | 13,678 | medmcqa_train |
Coombs test is | Agglutination test:-insoluble antigen +antibody=clumps. Principle-When sera containingantibodies are mixed with antigen coated red cells, the antibody globulin coats the surface of the erythrocytes,though they are not agglutinated. When such erythrocytes coated with the antibody globulin are washednfree of all unattach... | 13,679 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a zoonotic disease - | - zoonoses have been defined as those disease and infection which are naturally transmitted between veebrate animals and man. - hydatid disease is a zoonotic disease of man . It is caused in man by the metacystode stage of the canine intestinal tapeworm, Echinococcus. The adult worms are found in dogs and other carnivo... | 13,680 | medmcqa_train |
Gene for folate carrier protein located on ? | Chromosome 21 [Ref: www.ihop netorgiunipub/ihopigi92248.htmll Transpo of folate compounds Folk acid transpo * Chromosome location ----> 21 q 223. * Gene name --> SLCI9AI solute carrier family 19 (folate transpoer), member * Gene product/function --> Transpoer for the iniake of folate. Transpo of folate occurs by novel ... | 13,681 | medmcqa_train |
Ramu, 15 yrs of age presents with haemorrhage 5 hrs after tonsillectomy. Treatment of choice is | Ans. is 'd' i.e Reopen immediately Post tonsillectomy haemorrhages can be of two types :Primary or reactionary- occurs with in a few hrs of the operation (by definition within 24 hrs)Secondary haemorrhage- usually seen between 5th to 10th post - op dayIt is due to infection.*MxPrimary - return to the operation theatre ... | 13,682 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statement is false regarding phenobarbitone? | Phenobarbitone induces metabolism of warfarin BARBITURATES Phenobarbitone and primidone act as anticonvulsant drugs due to GABA mimetic as well as GABA facilitatory propeies. These drugs increase the duration of opening of chloride channels. These drugs are useful in generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) and paial s... | 13,683 | medmcqa_train |
7 years old child presents with a lesion in upper tibia. X ray shows radioluscent area with Codmans triangle and Sunray appearance. Diagnosis is | Sunray (sunburst) appearance and Codmans triangle ***typical freatures of Osteosarcoma ***may also be seen in Ewings sarcoma, osteomyelitis onion peel apperacne ***typical feature of Ewings sarcoma ***May also be seen in Osteosarcoma, and osteomyelitis Refer Maheshwari 9th/e p 240. | 13,684 | medmcqa_train |
Invasive carcinoma differs from carcinoma in situ by: March 2005 | Ans. C: Breached basement membrane Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is an early form of carcinoma. When dysplastic changes are marked and involves the entire thickness of the epithelium but the leasion remains confined by the basement membrane, it is referred to as carcinoma in situ. Once the tumour cells breach the basement me... | 13,685 | medmcqa_train |
A 40 year old diabetic presents with blackish nasal discharge and a mass in the nose, likely diagnosis is: | Mucomycosis is an oppounistic infection which is, common in diabetics, presenting with blackish nasal discharge. | 13,686 | medmcqa_train |
True about Arterioles is | Arterioles regulate the distribution of blood flow by altering their diameter to increase or decrease the peripheral resistance as required. | 13,687 | medmcqa_train |
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) can be best detected by: | Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy helps in improved visualization of neuroendocrine tumors. Octreoscan utilizes a somatostatin analogue In 111 labelled diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid octreotide to visualize somatostatin receptor-positive tumors. When compared to CT or MRI octreoscan detects additional metastasis... | 13,688 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about Miliary Tuberculosis are true Except: | Answer is D (Monotoux is always positive): 120. Montoux test is not always positive in cases of Miliary Tuberculosis. It may be negative /non reactive as a result of anergy. Miliary Tuberculosis max' occur following primary infection and secondary reactivation Miliary tuberculosis is due to hematogenous dissemination o... | 13,689 | medmcqa_train |
With increased flow to loop of Henle, decreased in GFR is by ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Tubulo-glomerular feedback Autoregulation of GFRThe GFR is normally well autoregulated in the range of 70-180 mm Hg of systemic pressure. Feedback mechanisms intrinsic to the kidney normally keep the renal blood flow and GFR relatively constant, despite marked changes in aerial blood pressure. The rel... | 13,690 | medmcqa_train |
The most common site of esophageal adenocarcinoma is: | Answer is C (Lower 1/3rd) The most common site of adenocarcinoma esophagus is the lower 1/3rd of esophagus Esophageal Adenocarcinoma invariably arises from Barret's esophagus (Barret's ulcer) which is characteristically located in the distal esophagus around the gastroesophageal junction. | 13,691 | medmcqa_train |
Wheal and Flare reaction is which type of Hypersensitivity? | ANSWER: (A) Type IREF: APPENDIX-21 below for "HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS"Wheal-and-flare reaction: (Stedman s Medical Dictionary)The characteristic immediate reaction to an injected allergen in a skin test, in which an irregular blanched wheal, appears surrounded by an area of redness. Also called as wheal and erythema... | 13,692 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the folio wing is not a pox virus- | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Chicken pox fRef: Ananthnaravan 9th/e p. 461 & 8th/e p. 4611Poxviruses causing disease in humanso Variola (small pox )o Vacciniao ButTalopoxo Monkeypoxo Cowpoxo Orfo Molluscum contagiosumo Tanapoxo Chicken pox is caused by varicella - zoster virus, which is a herpes virus. | 13,693 | medmcqa_train |
Colipase acts with: | Pancreatic juice contains lipase, colipase, phospholipase A & B Colipase: Facilitates the action of lipase Prevents inactivation of lipase by bile salts | 13,694 | medmcqa_train |
The normal value of P50 on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in an adult is | Adult Hb- 50% saturation at PO2 of 26mmHg.
1mmHg= 0.133 KPa
26mmHg= 0.133 X 26 = 3.45 | 13,695 | medmcqa_train |
Confirmation of appendicitis | The classical features of acute appendicitis begin with poorly localised colicky abdominal pain.Central abdominal pain is associated with anorexia, nausea and usually one or two episodes of vomiting that follow the onset of pain (Murphy). Anorexia is a useful and constant clinical feature, paicularly in children. The p... | 13,696 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following substances is a growth factor that is capable of inducing all the steps necessary for angiogenesis? | Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) * Growth factors are chemicals that are associated with cell growth. For example, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) can induce the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts. * Additionally, one type of FGF, basic FGF, is capable of inducing all of the stages of angiogenesis (basement mem... | 13,697 | medmcqa_train |
The postmarketing trial comes under | There are 4 phases of a clinical trial. Once the drug is released into market pharmacovigilance is done - comes under phase 4 of drug trial to asses the safety, cost effectiveness of the drug once marketed Ref: K.D.Tripati.7th ed. Pg 82-83 | 13,698 | medmcqa_train |
All are complications of ileal resection EXCEPT: March 2004 | Ans. B i.e. Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency can result from 1) dietary lack, 2) impaired absorption, 3) increased requirement, or (most impoantly) 4) chronic blood loss. | 13,699 | medmcqa_train |
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