query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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All are true about Histological variety of breast carcinoma EXCEPT: | Breast Cancer MC type is adenocarcinoma and most carcinoma arises from terminal duct lobular unit MC type of Ca breast: Invasive ductal (schirrous) carcinoma Least common type of Ca breast: Papillary Most malignant type of Ca breast: Inflammatory breast cancer Best prognosis is seen in: Tubular Worst prognosis is seen ... | 14,700 | medmcqa_train |
During 3rd month of gestation, hematopoiesis occurs in | From 3rd month of gestation liver and spleen become main site of hematopoiesis-Hepatic phaseSpleen makes smaller contribution compared to liverRef: Medical Physiology Indu Khurana 2015 edition page No:104 | 14,701 | medmcqa_train |
Gynaecomastia is caused by which drug ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Spironolactone | 14,702 | medmcqa_train |
A child can walk with one hand held, releases object to another person on request and play a simple ball game. What is her age? | At 1 year Walks with one hand held, rises independently Releases object to another person on request Play a simple ball game Say a few words besides &;mama&; &;dada&; Makes postural adjustments to dressing Ref : Nelson 20th edition pg no : 67 | 14,703 | medmcqa_train |
Vaccines are sterilised by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Heat inactivation . Vaccines of nonsporing bacteria are heat inactivated in special vaccine bath at 60degC for one hour. | 14,704 | medmcqa_train |
Burst Fracture of the spine is a- | A burst fracture is a descriptive term for an injury to the spine in which the vertebral body is severely compressed.
They typically occur from severe trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident or a fall from a height.
With a great deal of force vertically onto the spine, a vertebra may be crushed. | 14,705 | medmcqa_train |
Preferred fuel for body in fasting state: | The preferred fuel for the body in:- Fed state is mainly Carbohydrates i.e. Glucose. Fasting state is mainly Fats. Fats stored in adipose tissues are broken down to fatty acids to give energy during fasting and starvation. | 14,706 | medmcqa_train |
Grafting done between genetically different individuals of the same species is - | o Based on the donor, the graft may be >
1. Autograft (autogenic graft): Graft from self.
2. Isograft (syngraft): Graft from a genetically unrelated member of same species.
4. Xenograft (heterograft): Graft from different species.
ÿ Orthoptic graft
ÿ Hetera topic graft
→ Graft applied in anatomically normal site eg. sk... | 14,707 | medmcqa_train |
Serum analysis of a patient with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction shows abnormal lipid profile. Which of the following lipoprotein is MOST closely associated with hea disease? | LDL cholesterol was prospectively associated with a threefold increased risk of coronary hea disease (CHD), independent of total cholesterol, HDL, and body mass index. The NCEP III guidelines recognize small, dense LDL as a CVD risk factor. LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues, including atheromatous lesions,... | 14,708 | medmcqa_train |
Causes of vulval pain are due to all except: | Vulval pain syndrome
Vulvar pain sensation may be burning, stinging or irritation. It may be due to several reasons:
Aphthous ulcer
Vulval dermatoses
Herpes genitalis
Pudendal or genitofemoral nerve neuralgia
Vulvodynia (burning vulva syndrome)
Vulval vestibulitis syndrome
Referred pain from urethral or vagina
Psychol... | 14,709 | medmcqa_train |
A person sustains head trauma leading to transection of pituitary stalk. All can be consequence of this, except - | diabetes mellitus is a multi system disorder due to genetic and environmental factors ( Harrison 17 pg 2275) | 14,710 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following compounds is an analogue of hypoxanthine ? | Allopurine is hypoxanthine analogue.
Arabinoside-C (ara-c or cytarabine or cytosine arabinoside) is a deoxycytidine analogue. | 14,711 | medmcqa_train |
Ideal age for repair of vaginal agenesis is: | Ans. is d, i.e. Before marriageRef: Shaw 15th/ed, p96* Repair of vaginal agenesis (in testicular feminization syndrome and Mayer Rokitansky-Kuster Hauser syndrome) is done by vaginoplasty.* Vaginoplasty should only be performed when the girl is just married or about to be married.Techniques:* Construction of artificial... | 14,712 | medmcqa_train |
The rash which is not central in predisposition is: | Centripetal rash (Primarily central/truncal) Mnemonic: "Red Rashes Scare Parents Very Much" Centrifugal rash (Primarily on extremities) Mnemonic: You drive CARS with your Hands and Feet Rubella CA - Coxsackie A Virus (Hand, Foot, Mouth disease) Roseola R-Rocky Mountain spotted fever Scarlet fever S-Secondary syphilis P... | 14,713 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true statement regarding Rapport? | Ans. A. Feeling of harmony that promotes a therapeutic relationshipRapport is the spontaneous, conscious feeling of harmony that promotes the development of a therapeutic alliance. It implies an understanding and trust between the doctor and patient. Frequently, the doctor is the only person to whom a patient can talk ... | 14,714 | medmcqa_train |
The pulseless disease is - | Takayasu arteritis
Takayasu arteritis is granulomatous vasculitis of large and medium arteries.
It is characterized principally by ocular disturbance and marked weakening of pulses in the upper extremities Pulseless disease.
It is also characterized by a strong predilection for aortic arch and its branches → Aortic ar... | 14,715 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with a vaginal pH of 4 ? | Candidal vaginits | 14,716 | medmcqa_train |
Not a DNA oncovirus - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., HTLV * Many viruses have been implicated in the causation of cancers :A) RNA viruses# All oncogenic RNA viruses belong to family retroviriadae (retroviruses).# Important examples are Avian leukosis virus, murine leukosis virus, murine mammary tumor virus, HIV (causing AIDS related malignancies) and Hu... | 14,717 | medmcqa_train |
Odema occurs when plasma protein level is below- | Under normal circumstances albumin accounts for almost half of the total plasma protein. Therefore conditions in which albumin is either lost from the circulation or synthesized in inadequate amounts are common causes of reduced plasma osmotic pressure. In nephrotic syndrome , damaged glomerular capillaries become leak... | 14,718 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following colonic polyps is not premalignant - | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Juvenile polyps Hamartomatous polyps (juvenile polyp is also a hamartomatous polyp) by definition do not have malignant potential. They are characterized by overgrowth of normal components of colon, such as epithelium and connective tissue.These hamartomatous polyps are seen in following syndromes - Fa... | 14,719 | medmcqa_train |
In depression all are true EXCEPT | (D) Delusion of persecution # Depressed Mood> In severe depression, there may be complete anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure).> This results in three common types of depressive ideas, i.e.> Hopelessness ('there is no hope in future due to pessimism').> Helplessness ('no help is possible').> Worthlessness ('fee... | 14,720 | medmcqa_train |
Risk of ovarian carcinoma with BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutation is: | The risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers ranges from 20 to 40%, which is 10 times higher than that in the general population. Prophylactic oophorectomy is a reasonable prevention option in mutation carriers. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends that women with a documented... | 14,721 | medmcqa_train |
The flow in the affected perforator in case of varicose veins is | Physiologically flow is from superficial to deep veins, valves prevent flow back into superficial system. When perforator becomes affected in varicose veins, valves are dysfunctional and flow occurs from deep to superficial veins. Reference: Bailey and love, 27th edition, page 971 | 14,722 | medmcqa_train |
Most sensitive test for diagnosing asymptomatic chlamydia infection is: | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Nucleic acid amplificationRef: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1165 and Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 415NAAT (Nucleic acid amplification test) - PCR, LCR (Ligase Chain Reaction).Most sensitive test in cervical C. trachomatis. | 14,723 | medmcqa_train |
Cushing's Triad include all except: | Ans. is 'c' i.e. Hypothermia Cushing's triad consists of Bradycardia Hypertension Irregular respirationCushing's reflex or triad is a special type of CNS ischemic response that results from increased pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid around the brain in the cranial vault.For instance, when intracranial pressure incre... | 14,724 | medmcqa_train |
The enzyme defect in von Gierke&;s disease (type-1 glycogen storage disease) is | Von Gierke disease:DiseaseEnzyme deficiencyClinical featuresVon Gierke disease Glucose-6-phosphatase deficiencyGlycogen accumulation in liver and renal tubule cells; hypoglycemia; lactic acidemia; ketosis; hyperlipemiaReference: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 18; Metabolism of Glycogen | 14,725 | medmcqa_train |
A 23-year-old female presented with jaundice and pallor for 2 months. Her peripheral blood smear shows the presence of spherocytes. The most relevant investigation to arrive at a diagnosis is - | Young female, with 2 years history of anemia and peripheral blood demonstrating spherocytes points towards the diagnosis of auto-immune hemolytic anemia.
Immune hemolytic (autoimmune hemolytic) anemia is the most common cause of spherocytes.
It is caused by auto antibodies against RBCs.
Detection of autoantibodies by C... | 14,726 | medmcqa_train |
A multi-parous P3L3 young lady who delivered normally 3 weeks ago suddenly developed dyspnea with cardiac failure. She has no H/O cardiac disease before /during pregnancy. She had tachycardia and peripheral edema. Her hemoglobin was 9 gm/dl. Her Echo has revealed an EF of 35%. Which one of the following is the most lik... | Acute Ml Ruled out as chest pain at rest, elevated cardio-markers or ECG changes are not present. DVT with PE Develops suddenly and is a close answer but point against is Echo finding of only low ejection fraction. In PE, Echo shows RV dyskinesia with or without tricuspid regurgitation. The interventricular septal deti... | 14,727 | medmcqa_train |
Bone removing cells - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Osteoclasts o The cells responsible for bone formation are osteoblasts and the cells responsible for bone resorption are osteoclasts. Cell in Boneo The cells of bone are :-OsteoblastsOsteoblasts form a cell layer over bone surfaces. The bone is essentially enveloped by the osteoblasts, since the cells... | 14,728 | medmcqa_train |
A 30 year old male had severely itchy papula-vesicular lesions on both knees, elbows, upper back and buttocks for one year. Direct immunofluorescence staining of the lesions showed IgA deposition at dermoepidermal junction and dermal papilla. The most probable diagnosis is : | C i.e. Dermatitis herpetiformis | 14,729 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is false regarding systemic juvenile idiopathic ahritis (sJIA)? | Rheumatoid ahritis (RA) factor is negative in systemic-onset JIA ; it is positive in polyahritic type of JIA. Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics 21st edition. Pgno: 1260 | 14,730 | medmcqa_train |
MRI done in a 28yrs old male suffering from Neurofibromatosis 2 showed ice cream cone appearance. On asking he fuher revealed that it began with ringing sensation in ears which progressed to balance problems and hearing loss. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis | NF2 is associated with bilateral vestibular schwannomas and hearing loss benign tumors usually originate from perineural fibroblasts. intracranial schwannomas originate from vestibular branch of eighth cranial nerve. Malignant schwannomas although rare, are treated with radiation therapy, if the curative resection is n... | 14,731 | medmcqa_train |
All are involved in bilirubin metabolism except? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., ALA synthase | 14,732 | medmcqa_train |
Eustachian valve is seen in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., IVC opening in right atrium o Opening of IVC in right atrium is guarded by - Eustachian valve (rudimentary valve). o Opening of coronary sinus in right atrium is guarded by - Semilunar valve/Thebesian valve (functional valve) | 14,733 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a co-factor for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | Cofactor for PDH complex are:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (Vit B1), FAD (Vit B2), NAD (Vit B3), CoA (Vit B5), Lipoic acid. | 14,734 | medmcqa_train |
Tics, hair pulling, nail biting behavior are best treated with? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Behavior therapy * Nail tic disorders are examples of body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). They are self-grooming behaviors that include pulling, picking, biting or scraping one's hair, skin or nails. They include -A) Hair pulling to the point of having seriously thinned hair or bald spots, miss... | 14,735 | medmcqa_train |
Number of variable regions on each light and heavy chain of an antibody - | A light chain has two successive domains: one constant domain and one variable domain. Heavy chain with one variable (VH) domain followed by a constant domain (CH) Ref: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg:94 | 14,736 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following has the least malignant potential? | Among the options given in the question hamaomatous polyps in Peutz Jegher's syndrome has only a small chance of being malignant (39%). Juvenile Polyps given in this question are not solitary polyps, but pa of juvenile polyposis syndrome, which has a risk of about 30 to 60 % to develop into a carcinoma. In HNPCC, there... | 14,737 | medmcqa_train |
The treatment of congenital glaucoma is – | "Primary combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy is safe, effective and sufficiently predictable to be considered the first choice of surgical treatment in primary congenital glaucoma ". — Pediatric glaucoma
Remember following facts about congenital glaucoma
Treatment of choice is comination of trabeculectomy with... | 14,738 | medmcqa_train |
Thinning of cornea occurs in: | Ans. Keratoconus | 14,739 | medmcqa_train |
The pacemaker potential is due to: | Pacemaker potential is due to slow Na+ >> Rapid Ca++ >> decrease K+ permeability. So, with the provided options, best answer is decrease K+ permeability. | 14,740 | medmcqa_train |
Most common site of peptic ulcer in duodenum ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., lst pa Peptic ulcer Ulcers are defined histologically as a breach in the mucosa of the alimentry tract that extends through the mucularis mucasea into the submucosa or deep. Peptic ulcers are chronic , most often solitary lesions that occur in any protion of the gastrointestinal tract exposed to the a... | 14,741 | medmcqa_train |
Local anaesthetic acts by inhibition of | The nerve resting membrane potential is little affected by local anesthetics. As the concentration of local anesthetic applied to the nerve is increased, a decrease in the rate of depolarization and in the peak amplitude of the action potential occurs until the impulse is abolished. It is not possible, however, to deri... | 14,742 | medmcqa_train |
Subacute sclerosing pan- encephalitis is associated with- | The more serious neurological complications of measles include febrile convulsions, encephalitis, subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis (SSPE) SSPE characterized by progressive mental deterioration leading to paralysis, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity and coma. Frequency of SSPE is about 1:300,000 cases of natura... | 14,743 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statement are true regarding panacinar emphysema, except: | Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema. acini are uniformly enlarged from the level of the respiratory bronchiole to the terminal blind alveoli. tends to occur more commonly in the lower zones and in the anterior margins of the lung, and it is usually most severe at the bases. associated with a1-antitrypsin deficiency (autos... | 14,744 | medmcqa_train |
Thiamine deficiency is best diagnosed the - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Transketolase level in blood THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)o Thiamine is also called aneurine. Thiamine has a central role in energy-yielding metabolism and especially the metabolism of carbohydrates. The active form of thiamine is thiamine pyrophosphate (TTP) also called thiamine diphosphate (TDP).o Thiamine ... | 14,745 | medmcqa_train |
Investigation to diagnose stage-I carcinoma breast: | A i.e. B/L mammogram | 14,746 | medmcqa_train |
Hypehermia- | Hypehermia. Hypehermia (HT) is the use of elevated temperature for the treatment of cancer, in this case, typically using temperatures in the range of 41deg C to 45deg C for 1 hour or more Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 1145b | 14,747 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following DOES NOT depend on insulin for glucose uptake : | Option a - Brain does not depend on insulin for glucose uptake Glucose uptake occurs in muscles (cardiac & skeletal) & adipose tissue GLUT-4 , which is insulin dependent. Only GLUT-4 is dependent on Insulin. In brain, GLUT-1 & GLUT-3 are present which are active during fasting state. Insulin always acts in a fed state.... | 14,748 | medmcqa_train |
MHC class - III genes encode | Structure - Major histocompatibility complex, (HLA) complex MHC class III genes encode Complement components C2 and C4 Properdin factor B of alternate pathway TNF - alpha and beta Heat shock proteins Also known as "complement region" | 14,749 | medmcqa_train |
A most common type of postpartum psychosis is - | Depression is the most common psychiatric manifestation in patients with AIDS, hypothyroidism (Myxedema), post-partum psychosis, and after an attack of MI. | 14,750 | medmcqa_train |
During normal vaginal delivery, deep transverse arrest occurs. Ventous was employed for the safe delivery. This mother may have the following type of pelvis: | Criteria for the deep transverse arrest: The head is deep into the cavity. The sagittal suture is placed in the transverse bispinous diameter and, There is no progress in descent of the head even after 1/2 -1 hour following full dilatation of the cervix. Causes of deep transverse arrest: Faulty pelvic architecture such... | 14,751 | medmcqa_train |
MIBG (metaiodobenzyl guanithidine) is analogue to: | Answer- (C) NorepinephrinePheochromocytoma can be localized using radioactive tracers including 131 I-or 123 l- metaiodobenzyl guanithidine (MIBG), 111 ln-somatostatin analogues, or 18 F-dopa (or dopamine) Positron-emission tomography (PET). | 14,752 | medmcqa_train |
Box shaped heart is seen in which of the following condition: | Ans. (d) Ebstein anomalyRef: Pediatric radiology 1st ed/57* Ebstein anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart.* It causes atrialization of right ventricle.Radiographic Features In Different Co... | 14,753 | medmcqa_train |
. In cardiac shock | Cardiogenic shock (CS) is characterized by systemic hypoperfusion due to severe depression of the cardiac index and sustained systolic aerial hypotension (<90 mmHg) despite an elevated filling pressure . It is associated with in-hospital moality rates >50%. . Circulatory failure based on cardiac dysfunction may be caus... | 14,754 | medmcqa_train |
Which type of Amyloidosis is caused by mutation of the transthyretin protein ?- | In contrast with familial Mediterranean fever, a group of autosomal dominant familial disorders is characterized by deposition of amyloid predominantly in the peripheral and autonomic nerves. These familial amyloidotic polyneuropathies have been described in kindreds in different pas of the world--for example, in Pouga... | 14,755 | medmcqa_train |
RNA dependent DNA polymerase is found in: | Ans. A. RetrovirusRetroviruses: -a. Positive stranded RNA virusesb. Have a diploid genomec. 100 nm in diameterd. Possess reverse transcriptase enzyme (RNA dependent DNA polymerase) as they replicate through a DNA intermediate. | 14,756 | medmcqa_train |
An i.v. bolus dose of thiopentone leads to loss of consciousness within10-15 sec. The patient regains consciousness in just a few minutes. This is because it is: | Thiopentone - is highly lipid soluble agent - it first reach the highly perfused organs like brain - Therefore, onset of action of these agents is very quick. However, action also terminates quickly because of redistribution to less well perfused tissues like fat and muscle. | 14,757 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in the floor of 3rd ventricle except? | B i.e. Occulomotor Nerve | 14,758 | medmcqa_train |
Delusions of control, persecution and self reference are seen in: | B i.e. Paranoid schizophreniaDiagnostic criteria of scizophreniaDiagnostic criteria of Paranoid subtypeA. 2Q of these for > 6 months1. None of the following is prominent1. DelusionsQ- Disorganized speech, Disorganized behaviour,2. HallucinationsQFlat or inappropriate affectQ (these are3. Disorganized speechQprominent i... | 14,759 | medmcqa_train |
Metabolically active layer of cornea is: | A i.e. Endothelium | 14,760 | medmcqa_train |
Test performed to compare weight of lung to body weight is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ploucquet's Test Ploucquet's test : Weight of lung is measured in relation to body weight. Before bih weight of lung is 1/70 of body weight and after respiration it becomes 1/35 of body weight due to increased blood flow in lung beds. | 14,761 | medmcqa_train |
A 38-year-old male lawyer develops abdominal pain after having a fatty meal. Examination reveals tenderness in the right hypochondrium and a positive Murphy's sign. Which test is most likely to reveal acute cholecystitis? | The HIDA scan is most accurate in estab-lishing a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. After injection, the technetium-labeled imminodi-acetic acid radioisotopes are taken up by the liver and excreted into the biliary tree. If the cystic duct is obstructed (as in patients with acute cholecystitis) the gallbladder will not... | 14,762 | medmcqa_train |
Metacarpophalangeal joint is | Ellipsoid(functionally) / condylar joints(structurally): 1. Wrist (radio-carpal joints) 2. Knuckle (metacarpophalangeal joint) 3. Atlanto - occipital joint Ellipsoid > condylar joints | 14,763 | medmcqa_train |
Fetal erythropoietin production is inhibited by? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Estrogen Ref: Principles and practice of maternal healthThe plasma erythropoietin activity increases steadily during pregnancy.Estrogen antagonizes the erythropoietin-augmenting effect of placental lactogen.It inhibit utilization of erythropoietin by the marrow stem cells, and also impairs its product... | 14,764 | medmcqa_train |
Orthostatic hypotension is said to be present, if systolic blood pressure falls by_____while assuming standing posture from sitting posture. | Orthostatic hypotension is defined by a fall in systolic pressure > 20 mmHg or in diastolic pressure > 10 mmHg in response to assumption of the upright posture from a supine position within 3 min. There may also be a lack of a compensatory tachycardia, an abnormal response that suggests autonomic insufficiency, as may ... | 14,765 | medmcqa_train |
In case of fasting, glycogen stores in the body can last up to: | Liver glycogen is the first-line of defence against hypoglycemia. The liver concentration of glycogen is about 450 mmol /L glucose equivalents after a meal, falling to about 200 mmol /L after an overnight fast. After 12 to 18 hours of fasting, liver glycogen is almost totally depleted. | 14,766 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements about clinical uses of the aminoglycosides is FALSE? | (Ref:KDT 6/e p719, 720; Katzung 10/e p758) These are bactericidal inhibitors of protein synthesis. Due to formation of ionic nolecules in GIT, these are ineffective orally. Combination of aminoglycosides with penicillins is synergistic and is used for pseudomonas and enterococcal infections. | 14,767 | medmcqa_train |
Paogram helps in detecting | Obstructed labour | 14,768 | medmcqa_train |
True about MHC - | MHC class III genes encode several components of the complement system (i.e. C2, C4a, C4b, Bf), they are responsible for the levels of components of compliment system. Reff: Ananthanarayan & Panikers textbook of microbiology 9th edition pg: 140 | 14,769 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following aeries supply medulla oblongata, except | Medulla is supplied by : Anterior Spinal aery Posterior inferior cerebellar aery Direct branches of veebral aery Basilar aery ref - Vishram singh neuroanatomy 2e pg 77 | 14,770 | medmcqa_train |
Takayasu aeritis commonly effects: | Renal aeries | 14,771 | medmcqa_train |
Secular trend in influenza is due to - | Antigenic shift,is an brupt drastic discontinuation variation in the antigenic structure resulting in a novel virus strain unrelated antigenically to predecessor strains. Such chamges may involve hemagglutinin , neuraminidase or both. Antibodies to predecessor viruses do not neutralise the new variants and can therefor... | 14,772 | medmcqa_train |
Stem cells are located in which region of hair follicle: | Bulge REF: Gray's anatomy, 39th edition, page 159Stem cells are thought to reside mainly in the troughs of rete pegs, and in the outer root sheath bulge of the hair follicleStem Cell NichesStem cellOrganNicheEpidermal stem cellHair follicle, EpidermisHair follicle bulgeIntestinal stem cellIntestineBase of colonic crypt... | 14,773 | medmcqa_train |
CYP–450 inducers are: | - P450 inducers
Phenobarbitone
Rifampicin
Phenytoin
Chloral hydrate
Griseofulvin
Phenylbutazone
DDT
Chronic alcohol ingestion
- Cimetidine and Ketoconazole inhibits metabolizing enzymes. | 14,774 | medmcqa_train |
which is the antipsychotic which selectively acts on the mesolimbic pathway and does not inhibit dopamin in mesocoical pathaway | ARIPIPRAZOLE * Paial agonist action * Selectively blocks dopamine in mesolimibic pathway, hence improves positive symptoms without worsening negative symptoms * Used in risperidone induced hyoperprolactinemia Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 925 | 14,775 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are poor prognostic factors in Multiple Myeloma, Except: | Answer is B (Hypocalcemia) Hypercalcemia is associated with a poor prognosis in Multiple Myeloma and not hypocalcemia. Azotemia (1 creatinine), T LDH, Chromosome 13q deletion and High M component production are all established poor prognostic factors. Poor prognostic factors in Multiple Myeloma Stage Related Factors St... | 14,776 | medmcqa_train |
In congenital adrenal hyperplasia most common deficiency | Ans) a (21- alpha ) Ref Nelson 18'h ed p 2360More than 90% of CAH cases are caused by 21 -hydroxylase deficiency. | 14,777 | medmcqa_train |
The data presented below compares the results of a diagnostic test in the presence and absence of a disease.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\r\nTest Result\r\nDisease Present\r\nDisease Absent\r\n\r\n\r\nPositive Test\r\n40\r\n5\r\n\r\n\r\nNegative Test\r\n10\r\n95\r\n\r\n\r\nTotal\r\n50\r\n100\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\nThe specificity... | Specificity is the propoion of persons without the disease who are correctly identified by the test as being disease-free. It is given by TN/(FP + TN), where TN stands for true negatives (people who do not have the disease and test negative on the test) and FP stands for false positives (people who do not have the dise... | 14,778 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is an indication for the use of coicosteroids | Refer CMDT 2010/266 Coicosteroids are contraindicated in psychosis and herpes simplex Treatment of choice for Subacute thyroiditis is aspirin Thyrotoxic symptoms are treated with Propanolol Prednisolone produve6 dramatic relief bin Eosinophilic pulmonary syndromes like loeffler syndrome | 14,779 | medmcqa_train |
A patient was administered trimethaphan during surgery. This drug will cause which of the following responses? | Trimethaphan is a ganglionic blocker that is sometimes administered during surgery to maintain controlled hypotension and to minimize blood loss. The trick to determining the effect of a ganglionic blocker is to first know the predominant tone of the end organ in question. The blocker will produce the opposite effect o... | 14,780 | medmcqa_train |
Commonest complication of Trans-cervical fracture of femur is- | *AVN is the most common complication of femoral neck fracture. M/c affects => Femoral Head M/c site => Anterolateral aspect (Being principal Wt. bearing poion) Incidence&;d/t t Steroid usage & Trauma AVN only occurs in FATTY MARROW, which contains a Sparse vascular supply. In contrast to Hematopoietic marrow which has ... | 14,781 | medmcqa_train |
ACTH level is higher during: | Ans. (a) Early morning(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.366)ACTH and cortisol secretion is pulsatile with a characteristic circadian rhythm. It is high in the early morning and low in the evening75% of the daily production of ACTH & cortisol occurs between 4:00 AM and 10:00 AM | 14,782 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true statement about exhumation? | It is the legal digging out of an already buried body from the grave. Written order from the first class magistrate /district magistrate /executive magistrate under 176 Crpc Police cannot order exhumation. Time limit: In India, there is no time limit for ordering the exhumation. | 14,783 | medmcqa_train |
During the metabolism of iodine in thyroid synthesis, Wolff-Chaikoff effect is seen due to: | Iodine metabolism within the thyroid can be regulated independently of TSH. This mechanism is impoant when plasma iodide levels are elevated (15-20-fold above normal) because this elevation inhibits the organic binding of iodine within the thyroid. This autoregulatory phenomenon consisting of inhibition of the organifi... | 14,784 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are adverse effects of nicotinic acid except ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pancreatitis Adverse effects of nicotine Adverse effects - 1) Marked flushing, itching (pruritis) and heat due to cutaneous vasodilatation, 2) Dyspepsia, vomiting and diarrhoea, 3) Liver dysfunction, 4) Hyperpigmentation and dryness of skin, 5) Hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia. The cutaneous effects of... | 14,785 | medmcqa_train |
Hysteroscopy can diagnose all, except: | Ans. is c, i.e. AdenomyosisRef: Novak 14th/ed, p787, 15th/ed, p786-2, Shaw 15th/ed, p494; Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p950-1* Hysteroscopy is the endoscopic technique of visualizing the interior of uterus directly.Q* It is both diagnostic and therapeutic.Patient Preparation:* In premenopausal women, hysteroscopy is ideally ... | 14,786 | medmcqa_train |
Development of diaphragmbegins at 4 weeks of gestation. Diaphragm has contributions from different structures. Central tendon of diaphragm develops from? | Development of Diaphragm
Diaphragm develops from
Septum transversum: it is a mass of mesodermal tissue arising from coelomic wall at the 4rd week of gestation. It forms the central tendon of diaphragm.
Dorsal mesooesophagus forms the median portion of diaphragm & the crurae.
Cervical myotomes (from C3-C5 somites) of la... | 14,787 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following agents is most commonly used to induce anaesthesia | Thiopentone is an ultra sho acting barbiturate which she administered IV rapidly induces hypnosis and anesthesia without analgesia. Onset of action is quick,induction smooth rapid and unpleasant. Methohexitone is similar to thiopentone but is not preferred due to its toxicity . Etomidate is used in cardiovascular patie... | 14,788 | medmcqa_train |
Worm like filling defect is seen In | On USG Thickened sinus, interrupted mucosal folds (earliest sign) Toous radiolucencies of variable size The "worm-eaten" smooth lobulated filling defects Ref: Wolfgang Radiology 2nd edition Pg no : 509 | 14,789 | medmcqa_train |
Most abundant extracellular buffer is? | Hemoglobin REF: Ganong 22nd edition chapter 39 Repeat from June 2008 In the blood, proteins paicularly the plasma proteins are effective buffers because both their free carboxyl and their free amino groups dissociate: Another impoant buffer system is provided by the dissociation of the imidazole groups of the histidine... | 14,790 | medmcqa_train |
Nissl bodies in neurons are | Nissl bodies are basophilic bodies or granules composed of many thin, parallelly arranged, membrane-bounded cavities or cisternae which are covered by many minute paicles consisting of Ribose nucleoproteins i.e. RNA with proteins. Granule&;s size and number vary with physiological condition of the cell. For example, fa... | 14,791 | medmcqa_train |
One of the following is obtained in the by beta oxidation of odd chain fatty acids: | Ans. B. Acetyl-CoA + Propionyl-CoA(Ref: Harper 31/e page 209)Oxidation of Odd Chain Fatty AcidTakes place in the mitochondria.Oxidation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbon atoms yields acetyl-CoA and a molecule of propionyl-CoA.The propionyl residue from an odd-chain fatty acid is the only part of a fatty acid... | 14,792 | medmcqa_train |
Ankylosing spondylitis in associated with: | SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOAHROPATHIES Feature HLA B-27 positive/presence of uveitis Onset usually before 45 years age Inflammatory ahritis of spine/large peripheral joints Absence of autoantibodies (e.g. rheumatoid factor) in serum so known as seronegative -Other diseases associated with HLA-B27 positivity Mnemonic: PEARS (... | 14,793 | medmcqa_train |
You are being asked to give your expe opinion as a toxicologist regarding an effective antidote for belladonna poisoning. Which of the following agents would you suggest? | - Atropine is obtained from atropa belladonna. - It is non selective muscarinic receptor antagonist Physostigmine is the specific antidote for poisoning with belladonna . It crosses blood-brain barrier and antagonises both central and peripheral actions. Physostigmine sometimes itself induces hypotension, arrhythmias a... | 14,794 | medmcqa_train |
During a voluntary movement, the Golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system with information about | (D) The tension developed by the muscle being moved # The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) is located in the tendon of skeletal muscles & therefore is in series with the muscle.> Each time the muscle contracts, the tension developed by the muscle causes the GTO to be stretched. It helps to control the tension developed in the ... | 14,795 | medmcqa_train |
True about V3 nerve is all except: | Mandibular nerve (CN V3 )
Sensory and motor
Passes through foramen ovale into infratemporal fossa
● Auriculotemporal Nerve arises from two roots that encircle the middle meningeal artery.
It carries postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers to the parotid gland and se... | 14,796 | medmcqa_train |
IoC to detect minimal ascites | Ioc to detect minimal ascites → USG. | 14,797 | medmcqa_train |
Precocious puberty in females is defined as | Ans. C. Appearance of Secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years* Precocious puberty: This is defined as the appearance of any of the secondary sexual characteristics before the age of 8 years or the occurrence of menarche before the age of 10 years* Precocious puberty in females is pubertal changes before the age... | 14,798 | medmcqa_train |
All are true for nephrotic syndrome except: March 2012 | Ans: D i.e. Hypeension The nephrotic syndrome, also due to glomerular disease, is characterized by heavy proteinuria (more than 3.5 gm/ day), hypoalbuminemia, sever edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria (lipid in the urine) Nephritic syndrome is due to glomerular disease and is dominated by the acute onset of usually gr... | 14,799 | medmcqa_train |
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