query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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The risk factor association of pancreatic cancer was studied in a case control study. The values of the odds ratio and the confidence interval for various risk factors are as below: Risk factors Odds ratio 95% confidence limit A 2.5 1 - 3 B 1.4 l .1 - 1.7 C 1.6 0.9 -1.7 Which is true: | Risk B has the strongest association [Ref: http://www.thedoctorsdoctorcom/labtests/statistics.htm Odds ratio is a measure of the strength of the association between risk factor and the outcome. It is used to assess the risk of a paicular outcome (or disease) if a ceain factor (or exposure) is present. The odds ratio is... | 149,300 | medmcqa_train |
Drug of choice for status epilepticus is: September 2011, March 2013 | Ans. C: Lorazepam Intravenous Lorazepam is now the treatment of choice for controlling seizures in status epilepticus Status epilepticus/SE It is a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure. Definitions vary, but traditionally it is defined as one continuous unremitting seizure l... | 149,301 | medmcqa_train |
Koplik spot true is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pathognomic of measls Measle Caused by RNA virus. Highly contagious droplet spread from secretion of nose and throat 4 day before and 5 days after rash. Secondary attack rate >90% in contact. Prodromal phase - characterized by fever, rhinorrhea, conjuctival congestion and dry hackig cough. Koplik spot... | 149,302 | medmcqa_train |
Complication of measles are all except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Panereatitis | 149,303 | medmcqa_train |
True about histology in infilterating lobular breast carcinoma- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Single file patterno Histological hallmark of invasive lobular breast carcinoma is pattern of single infilterating tumor cells often only one cell in width or in loose clusters or sheets. | 149,304 | medmcqa_train |
According to AHA/ACC all the surgeries are associated with low risk requiring no preoperative cardiac testing in patients with known coronary aery disease except- | Risk stratification Procedure examples Vascular (repoed cardiac risk >5%) Aoic and other major vascular surgery Peripheral vascular surgery Intermediate risk (repoed cardiac risk 1%-5%) Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic surgery Carotid endaerectomy Head and neck surgery Ohopedic Surgery Prostate surgery Low risk (repoe... | 149,305 | medmcqa_train |
Estimation of the degradation products of the cross- linked fibrin fibers in DIC can best, specifically, and accurately be done by which of the following tests? | Ans. b (D-dimer assay) (Ref. H - 18th/ch. 116)The quantitative plasma D-dimer ELISA level is elevated (>500 ng/mL) in more than 90% of patients with Pulmonary Embolism, reflecting plasmin's breakdown of fibrin and indicating endogenous (though clinically ineffective) thrombolysis. However, the D-dimer assay is not spec... | 149,306 | medmcqa_train |
A 25 Yr old lady presents with spontaneous nipple discharge of 3 months duration. On examination the discharge is bloody and from a single duct. The following statements about management of this patient are true except | Treatment Treatment must firstly be to exclude a carcinoma by occult blood test and cytology. Simple reassurance may then be sufficient but, if the discharge is proving intolerable, an operation to remove the affected duct or ducts can be performed (micro-dochectomy). Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no : 865 | 149,307 | medmcqa_train |
A 32 years old lactating mother presented with a painful, palpable lump in her left breast. The most appropriate investigation to diagnose her condition would be: | Ans is 'b' i.e. USG The presentation of a lactating female with painful palpable breast lump is highly suggestive of breast abscess. Ultrasound would be the most useful investigation to diagnose the condition and in delineating the required extent of the drainage procedure. Mammography would be non specific for breast ... | 149,308 | medmcqa_train |
Deformity most commonly seen in primary osteoahritis of knee joint | In knee joint osteoahritis, medial joint space is affected earliest and causes assymetrical joint space narrowing This results in varus deformity Refer: maheswari 9th/e p 420 | 149,309 | medmcqa_train |
The level of alpha fetoprotein is raised in all of the following except. | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Dysgerminoma Elevation of a feto protein is not seen in dysgerminoma. It may sometimes show elevation of bHCG.Raised a fetoprotein is seen in:Neoplastic conditions:Liver cancerGerm cell tumours of testis (non seminomatous)Yolk sac tumours*Embryonal carcinoma*Non neoplastic conditions:Cirrhosis*Pregnanc... | 149,310 | medmcqa_train |
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are found in: | Ans. C. Influenza virusHemagglutinin is for attachment to sialic acid/mucin receptors and neuraminidase/mucinase is for release/elution. | 149,311 | medmcqa_train |
A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with signs of acute renal failure. Radiologic studies reveal that the boy has bilateral masses involving both kidneys. Examination of biopsy material confirms the diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Which of the following gene mutations is the most common in Wilms tumor? | Wilms tumor is a kidney malignancy that usually occurs in children. It has recently been shown that it can be caused by mutations in the WT1 gene, behaving according to Knudson's two-hit model for tumor suppressor genes. | 149,312 | medmcqa_train |
Glyconeogenesis is | Glyconeogenesis Synthesis of glycogen from non-carbohydrate precursors This pathway is the same as gluconeogenesis, but the last step is different i.e. In glyconeogenesis, glucose-6-Phosphate directly enters glycogen synthesis. So glucose-6-phosphatase step is not required. Glycogenesis -Synthesis of glycogen from gluc... | 149,313 | medmcqa_train |
ECT is contraindicated in | Raised intracranial pressure is the only absolute contraindication for ECT | 149,314 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is used for treatment of myopia: | Ans. Excimer laser | 149,315 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the preformed toxin involved in mechanism of allergic rhinitis ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Histamine | 149,316 | medmcqa_train |
Term gestation patient with critical aortic stenosis presents to the labor, and her cervix is 6cm dilated. Your approach in treatment of patient includes all except | Pregnant woman with critical aortic stenosis needs intensive monitoring during labor. So pulmonary artery catheterization is helpful.
Maintaining intravascular volume and cardiac output is important to decrease chances of hypotension and hemorrhage. | 149,317 | medmcqa_train |
A screening test has 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Diseased population is 10% What is PPV ? | Sensitivity = 90%
Specificity = 90%
Prevalence = 10%
(i) Formula for PPV according to Bayes Theorem, | 149,318 | medmcqa_train |
Di collar is seen in: | Fire arm entry wound | 149,319 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome? | Ovarian Hyperstimulation SyndromeOHSS is a medical complication that is both completely iatrogenic and unique to stimulatory infeility treatment.Its symptoms are the result of ovarian enlargement and fragility, extravascular fluid accumulation, and intravascular volume depletion.Proposed mechanisms for the characterist... | 149,320 | medmcqa_train |
'Arrest of labour' is defined as Failure of the head of the fetus to descend within___________. | Ans- B Note- 'Arrest of labor' is defined as Failure of the head of the fetus to descend for 3hours among primiparas and 2 hours among multiparas without an epidural analgesia +1 hour each if epidural analgesia is administered. | 149,321 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is true about viral antibodies? | Ans. c. Formed against viral surface proteins (Ref: Harrison 19/e 214e-8, 18/e p1439)Viral antibodies are formed later than interferon and significant levels are seen after one week and are directed against the viral surface proteins.'Resistance to viral infections is initially provided by factors that are not virus-sp... | 149,322 | medmcqa_train |
Saliva dribbling from mouth is characteristic of: | B i.e. Antemoal hanging Ligature mark is a type of pressure/ pressure/ imprinted/ contact/ patterned - abrasionQ. In cheese cutter method, a narrow wire is used. The cause of death in judicial hanging is fracture - dislocation usually at C2 - C3 or C3 - C4 veebraeQ. Dribbling of saliva is a sure sign of hanging having ... | 149,323 | medmcqa_train |
The best mental attitude for denture acceptance: | Mental attitude
Dr. M.M. House (1950) classified patients as philosophical, exacting, indifferent and hysterical. This is the most widely used classification.
Class I: Philososphical patients
They are rational and composed in difficult situations.
They desire treatment for maintenance of health and appearance and acce... | 149,324 | medmcqa_train |
A 43 year-old executive presents to a physician with chronic symmetric polyarthritis involving the knees. The man gives a history of having developed an extensive rash after a deer-hunting trip several years earlier. He recalls that he felt 'sick' at that time and developed knee pain that prevented him from climbing st... | A ns. D. SpirocheteLyme's disease: Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete.a. Transmitted by bite of Ixodid ticksb. Natural reservoir: Deer, rodents & other animalsc. IP: 3-30 daysd. 3 stages, stage of local infection, stage of disseminated infection & stage of persistent infection in the form of oligoarthritis, e... | 149,325 | medmcqa_train |
Codman's triangle is feature of? | Ans. A. Osteosarcoma. (Ref. Pathology Robbings 8th/Table 21-2).a large, destructive, mixed lytic and blastic mass with indistinct infiltrating margins. The tumor frequently breaks through the cortex and lifts the periosteum, resulting in reactive periosteal bone formation ("Sun-burst" or 'Sunray' periosteal reaction). ... | 149,326 | medmcqa_train |
Drug used to perform stress ECHO - | Stress echo has the same technique used to acces the hea function at rest with a stressor as exercise or dobutamine infusion. It can cause emergence of regions of akinesis or dyskinesis not present at rest.IT Is primarily indicated to confirm the suspicion of ischaemic hea disease and to estmate its severity. Response ... | 149,327 | medmcqa_train |
Thiopentone is C/I in – | Thiopentone is contraindicated in acute intermittent porphyria.
It is contraindicated in status asthmaticus but not in simple asthma. | 149,328 | medmcqa_train |
Koebner's phenomenon is seen in all EXCEPT: | Ans. B. Pemphigoida. Koebner's phenomenon is seen in:i. Psoriasisii. Wartsiii. Lichen planusb. Koebner's phenomenon is also called isomorphic response. | 149,329 | medmcqa_train |
During surgical exploration for hydatid cyst of the liver, any of the following agents can be used as a scolicidal agent except | . | 149,330 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is used as an indicator for plasma sterilization? | For determining the efficacy of moist heat sterilization, spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus are used as the test organism. This is a thermophilic organism with an optimum growth temperature of 55-60oC and its spores require an exposure of 12 minutes at 121oC to be killed. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanar... | 149,331 | medmcqa_train |
Sadism is? | Ans is 'a' i.e. Painful sexSadism:o Sexual gratification is obtained or increased from acts ofphysical cruelty or infliction ofpain on one's partner.o It is seen more commonly in men. To obtain sexual gratification, the sadist may bite, beat, whip, produce cuts on the victim, etc.Other options:o Having intercourse with... | 149,332 | medmcqa_train |
The preferred treatment option for primary syphilis is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Injection benzathine pencillin 2.4 million units IM single dose | 149,333 | medmcqa_train |
The only excitatory neuron in the cerebellar coex is | Granular cells are the only excitatory cells of cerebral coex, use glutamate as neurotransmitter, their axons from parallel fibres Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 248 | 149,334 | medmcqa_train |
What is the 02 content of saturated aerial blood? | One gram of hemoglobin can bind with a maximum of 1.34ml of oxygen. Thus 100ml of blood with hemoglobin level of 15 gm% can carry 1.34 x 15 = 20.1ml of oxygen. However due to the presence of various physiological shunts only 95% of Haemoglobin is available for carrying oxygen. Therefore practically 100 ml of aerial blo... | 149,335 | medmcqa_train |
Medial wall of Orbit is formed by all except | Medial wall of the Orbit is formed by:From before backwards1. Frontal process of maxilla2. Lacrimal bone3. Orbital plate of ethmoid4. Body of sphenoidReference: Chourasia; 6th edition; 29th page | 149,336 | medmcqa_train |
Intermediate filaments (IFs) help link adjacent sarcomeres together in skeletal muscle. Which of the following proteins is an intermediate protein used diagnostically in pathologic cases to indicate muscle origin? | Desmin is the intermediate filament (IF) protein that polymerizes to form the desniin IF of skeletal muscle. It is found in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle. The desmin IF links desmosomes of cardiac muscle, thus serving to stabilize cell junctions. Actin is the protein of microfilaments-the smallest diameter filam... | 149,337 | medmcqa_train |
What is the marker for endodermal sinus tumor? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., AFP * Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) is positive for AFP and a 1-antitrypsin. * The effects of biological changes caused by radiation can be categorized into 1) Stochastic effects # A stochastic effect is one where the probability of the effect occurring is governed by the law of chance. Thus... | 149,338 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following are clinical features of Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT:March 2004 | Ans. B i.e. MenorrhagiaMenstrual irregularities may be seen in 80% of patients of Cushing syndrome | 149,339 | medmcqa_train |
Paton's lines are peripapillary folds which result due to | Papilledema leads to CIRCUMFERENTIAL PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL FOLDS known as Paton's Lines. | 149,340 | medmcqa_train |
True about secondary immune response is - | if an individual who is actively immunized against an antigen experiences the same antigen subsequently, the immune response occurs more quickly and abundantly than during the first encounter. This is known as a secondary response. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:81,82 <\p> | 149,341 | medmcqa_train |
All are features of Alagille syndrome, EXCEPT: | Syndromic paucity of interlobular bile ducts (Alagille syndrome) is the most common form of familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Chronic cholestasis affects 95% of patients. Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is observed in approximately 90%. Veebral arch defects are seen (e.g., butterfly veebrae, hemiveebrae, and a decrease i... | 149,342 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about Menetrier disease except: | Ans. (b) Decreased mucus productionRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Page 1222* Acquired premalignant disease showing brain like cerebriform mucosa on gross examination.* Pathological examination shows: Foveolar hyperplasia and absent parietal cell* Massive gastric folds appearing like brain is most common in fundus and body... | 149,343 | medmcqa_train |
Hydrogenation of fatty acid is ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acidAddition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acid refers to hydrogenation. It reduces the number of double bonds in the unsaturated fats.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats in the presence of a catalyst (nickle) in known as "hardening", because it conves ... | 149,344 | medmcqa_train |
Hormonal stimulation of the formation of second messenger inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Calcium o 1P3 mobilizes Ca'from intracellular organelles and increases cytosolic Ca' and then Ca" acts as third messenger. | 149,345 | medmcqa_train |
Plasma retinol value which is considered as marginal in children is | The plasma retinol value of 0.7 to 1.05 mmol/L is considered to be marginal. Values more than 1.05 mmol/L are considered to be adequate for children. Values between 0.35 to 0.7 mmol/L are considered to be deficient. If the value is less than 0.35 mmol/L, it is considered to be very deficient. Reference: GHAI Essential ... | 149,346 | medmcqa_train |
Following features may be seen in cold injury of neonates except - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uncontrolled Shivering "Neonates Respond by Non-shivering thrmogenesis". | 149,347 | medmcqa_train |
WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE ABOUT CAFFEY&;S DISEASE IS ? | CAFEYS DISEASE : Infantile Coical Hyperostosis is a rare disease of infants and children. Usually stas during the first few months of life with painful swelling over the tubular bones and mandible Child may be feverish and irritable,refusing to move the affected limb X-rays characterically show periosteal new-bone form... | 149,348 | medmcqa_train |
All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, except: | Ans. (b) It is a type of portal-circulationRef: Snell's 7th Edition, Page 283Renal artery/ Venous system:* Right renal artery longer than left* Renal artery divides into 5 near hilum.* They are end arteries.* Left renal vein longer than Right* Stellate veins drain superficial zone of kidney cortex.* Left kidney is pref... | 149,349 | medmcqa_train |
Fogay's catheter is used for | Fogay catheter is like a ureteric catheter, with a balloon tip and is introduced until it is deemed to have passed the limit of the thrombus.The balloon is inflated and the catheter is withdrawn slowly with the clot.Ref: Bailey and love 27e pg- 955 | 149,350 | medmcqa_train |
Maternal to child transmission of HIV is prevented by | HIV infected mother can transmit the virus to fetus''infant during pregnancy, during delivery or by breastfeeding,
Early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy to mother and infant significantly decrease the rate of intrapartum and perinatal transmission (Vertical transmission) of HIV infection.
Zidovudine treatment of H... | 149,351 | medmcqa_train |
Superficial corneal vascularization is caused by- | The clinical picture of interstitial keratitis can bedivided into three stages: initial progressive stage,florid stage and stage of regression. Florid stage. In this stage eye remains acutelyinflamed. Deep vascularization of cornea, consistingof radial bundle of brush-like vessels develops. Sincethese vessels are cover... | 149,352 | medmcqa_train |
Annexin V is a marker of - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Apoptosis | 149,353 | medmcqa_train |
All have antioxidant propey except | Although numerous biologically active molecules exist as glycosides in nature, information on the activity, stability, and solubility of glycosylated antioxidants is rather limited to date. In this work, a wide variety of antioxidants were glycosylated using different phosphorylase enzymes. The resulting antioxidant li... | 149,354 | medmcqa_train |
Gyromagnetic propey of proton is seen in - | MRI is based on gyromagnetic propey on protons. Defined as the ability of protons in the body to absorb and emit radio waves, when the body is placed in strong magnetic field. | 149,355 | medmcqa_train |
True about adenocarcinoma of lung -a) More common in femaleb) Smoking is not associated withc) Central cavitationsd) Upper lobe involvement is most commone) Peripheral involvement | Adenocarcinoma of lung
Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer, overall.
Also the most common type of lung cancer in women and nonsmokers.
This is a malignant epithelial tumor with glandular differentiation or mucin production by tumor cells.
Growth pattern may be any of the following
Acinar
Bronchioalve... | 149,356 | medmcqa_train |
In case of PSGN complication commonly seen are all except : | PSGN complications are –
Acute renal failure
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal disease
Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
End-stage renal disease
Hyperkalemia
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Nephritic syndrome | 149,357 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is a T-cell marker? | Important cells with their CD marker are:- | 149,358 | medmcqa_train |
Site of bleeding after cataract surgery is: | Posterior ciliary vessels REF: Phacoemulsification in difficult and challenging cases by Luis W. Lu, I. Howard Fine- Page 173 Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage is a rare and dreadful complication of cataract surgery that usually results in either loss of vision or loss of the eye. It is most frequently associated with ca... | 149,359 | medmcqa_train |
Fulminant Hepatitis E is typically seen in: | Answer is A (Pregnant women): Fuhninant Hepatitis E is typically seen in pregnant women especially in the last trimester. 'A unique feature of Hepatitis E virus is the clinical severity and high case fatality rate (20-40%) in pregnant women, especially in the last trimester ofpregnancy'. - Park 'Hepatitis E can lead to... | 149,360 | medmcqa_train |
IPC for dowry death is? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 304 Bo 304-BIPC: Dowry death : 10 years of imprisonment which can extend to life.o 498-A IPC: Punishment for cruelty by husband or his relatives.Dowry deatho In some cases newly married girls are abused, harassed, cruelly treated and tortured by the husband, in-laws and their relatives for or in conne... | 149,361 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about N2O except | Stored in cylinder as gas It is stored as a liquid in the cylinder. | 149,362 | medmcqa_train |
Centromere near the end of chromosome | Acrocentric REF: Precid & Strachan Molecular genetics, page 49, 153, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ CentromereCentromere positionsEach chromosome has two arms, labeled p (the shoer of the two) and q (the longer). The p arm is named for "petit" meaning `small'; the q arm is named q simply because it follows p in the alph... | 149,363 | medmcqa_train |
During bilateral adrenalectomy, intra-operative dose of hydrocoisone should be given after | Steroids are not given pre-operatively because these patients are already hypercoisolemic. Instead hydrocoisone 100 mg IV is given after the removal of second hyperplastic adrenal gland | 149,364 | medmcqa_train |
Karyotype of a patient shows the following, what is the clinical abnormality that is expected? | a. Gynecomastia with long thin limbs(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 618, Ghai 8/e p 640)Given Karyotype is 47 XXY - Kilnefelters syndrome with Gynecomastia with long thin limbs as expected findings. | 149,365 | medmcqa_train |
Below is the chest Xray of a young male with cough. There is no known cardiac abnormality. With of the following is most likely to be true about the patient? | Ans. B. Patient is likely to be immunocompromised* Its typical bilateral perihilar consolidation and Reticulo nodular interstitial involvement, typical of PCP.* Mycoplasma infection not likely as mycoplasma radiographically produces fluffy opacities and those infiltrations of mycoplasma are not Perihilar. It is not lik... | 149,366 | medmcqa_train |
Factors which reduce breast milk production are all of the following EXCEPT? | Factors which | breast milk production: the thought, sight or sound of baby Factors which | breast milk production: Use of dummies, pacifiers Feeding bottles, formula feeding Sore or cracked nipples Lack of night feeding & inadequate emptying of breast. | 149,367 | medmcqa_train |
Elevated AFP levels are seen in all of the following except- | TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6THEDITION PG NO 637,711,709 Two tumour markers widely used in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring the follow-up of patients with testicular tumours are: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP). In addition, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human placental lact... | 149,368 | medmcqa_train |
Lysogenic conversion is | Ref: PubMed* Lysogenic conversion is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome.* Once the genetic material of phage bacteria is introduced, the host bacterium continues to live and reproduce normally.* The genetic material of the bacteriophage, called a prophage, ca... | 149,369 | medmcqa_train |
Position of fetus definition | (C) Oreientation of foetus in relation to pelvis before delivary# In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. It is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth. | 149,370 | medmcqa_train |
Variceal bleeding is best treated with | Bleeding esophageal varices Octreotide is often given as an infusion for management of acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis on the basis that it reduces poal venous pressure, though current evidence suggests that this effect is transient and does not improve survival Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 7... | 149,371 | medmcqa_train |
A 3-year-old boy presented to the pediatrics ER with significant dehydration along with irritability, weakness and severe lethargy. His mother says he suffered from bloody diarrhea along with fever and abdominal pain 8 days ago. Lab findings, Anemia Deranged RFTs Thrombocytopenia Severe hyponatremia Leukocytosis. PT an... | This is a case of typical HUS. If history of diarrhoea would had been absent, the diagnosis would had been atypical HU for which FDA has approved eculizumab. Peripheral blood smear shows the presence of burr cells and schistocytes - suggestive of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Eculizumab Anti-C5 antibody Inhibits c... | 149,372 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following opioid should not be used with MAO inhibitors? | Ref: KD Tripathi 6/e p440 Most of Pethidine is metabolized by MAO-A and is inactivated. Small amount is conveed to nor-Pethidine, which has CNS stimulant propeies. Therefore if combined with MAO inhibitors, most of Pethidine will form nor-Pethidine and the risk of seizures will increase. | 149,373 | medmcqa_train |
A premature infant, when born, had low Apgar scores and was having difficulty breathing. The NICU physician injected a small amount of a lipid mixture into the child's lungs, which greatly reduced the respiratory distress the child was experiencing. In addition to proteins, a key component of the mixture was which one ... | The premature infant is experiencing respiratory distress syndrome, which is caused by a deficiency of lung surfactant. The lung cells do not begin to produce surfactant until near birth, and premature infants frequently are not producing sufficient surfactant to allow the lungs to expand and contract as needed. The su... | 149,374 | medmcqa_train |
Apatient who is at risk of estrogen dependent carcinoma and hence estrogen is contraindicated. So in order to prevent vasomotor symptoms, which drug is given? | Clonidine REF: Novak's gynecology 13th edition page 455 In women for whom hormone replacement is contraindicated, multiple alternative treatments for hot flashes have been developed. Somewhat effective alternatives may be progestins such as medroxyprogesterone (10 to 30 mg daily orally) or megestrol acetate (20 to 40 m... | 149,375 | medmcqa_train |
In a patient with unerupted and impacted maxillary
canine, the following radiographic techniques will be ideal for localization: | Typically, the occlusal radiograph is especially useful in the following cases:
To locate precisely roots and supernumerary, unerupted, and impacted teeth (this technique is especially useful for impacted canines and third molars).
To localize foreign bodies in the jaws and stones in the ducts of sublingual and sub... | 149,376 | medmcqa_train |
Which one of the following statements best describes the mechanism of action of insulin on target cells? | Ans. (C) Insulin binds to a transmembrane receptor at the outer surface of the plasma membrane, which activates the tyrosine kinase that is the cytosolic domain of the receptor.(KDT 8th/e p58)Enzymatic Receptors have two sites, the drug binds on the extracellular site and the intracellular site has enzymatic activity (... | 149,377 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not associated with the disorder characterized by the peripheral blood smear? | Sickle cell anemia is the most common familial hemolytic anemia. In parts of Africa, where malaria is endemic, the gene frequency approaches 30% as a result of a protective effect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Much more serious are vaso-occlusive crises, which are characteristically associated with pain and of... | 149,378 | medmcqa_train |
The following condition is not associated with an Anti-phopholipid syndrome : | Answer is C (Thrombocytosis): A ntiphospholipid silirdrome is associated with thrombocopenia and not thrombocytosis. Common obstetric complications associated with antiphospholipid syndrome are: Recurrent fetal lossQ IUGRQ Pregnancy associated hypeensionQ Placental abruptionQ Recurrent thrombotic eventsQ Thrombocytopen... | 149,379 | medmcqa_train |
Agranular cytoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of | Ans. is 'b' i.e. lipid [Ref: Guyton 11/e, p 20, 21; Chatterjee Shinde 6/e, p 6, 71There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum :Rough or granular ER or ergastoplasmThey are coated with ribosomesFunction of rough ERprotein synthesisSmooth or agranular ERThey do not have attached ribosomesFunctions of smooth ERlipid synt... | 149,380 | medmcqa_train |
All are seen in metachromatic leukedystrophy except? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Exaggerated tendon reflexes | 149,381 | medmcqa_train |
A 53-year-old woman who is being treated for metastatic breast cancer is noted to have some lethargy, fatigue, and an elevated serum calcium level. She is brought into the ER for near comatose state, thought to be caused by the hypercalcemia. After addressing the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), wof is the best t... | Hypercalcaemia of malignancy:- Severe hypercalcaemia, a common complication of malignancy, is a medical emergency with altered consciousness. Treatment:- Pamidronate or zoledronate are the most effective drugs, but take 24-48 hours to act. They may be supplemented by i.m. calcitonin 6-12 hourly for 2 days to achieve ra... | 149,382 | medmcqa_train |
True statement among the following | Other high yielding pointsI127 is stable iodine isotopeI-131 Has half-life of 8 daysThe gamma-emitting isotopes iodine-123 (half-life 13 hours) used as nuclear imaging tracers to evaluate the anatomic and physiologic function of the thyroid. Iodine-125 is commonly used by radiation oncologists in low dose rate brachyth... | 149,383 | medmcqa_train |
About Head's paradoxical reflex, which of the following fact is TRUE? | Head's paradoxical reflex: Inflation of lungs, under ceain conditions, enhances inspiratory activity. Since inflation induces fuher inflation of lungs, the reflex is considered paradoxical. The vagal fibers mediating Head's paradoxical reflex carry information originating in receptors present in lungs. This reflex has ... | 149,384 | medmcqa_train |
Nevirapine is - | Ans is 'b' i.e., NNRTI o Nevirapine is NNRTIThese drugs inhibit reverse transcriptase by acting at a site (allosteric site) different from NRTIs.These are selective for HIV-1 and have no activity against HIV-2.Resistance to these drugs develops very rapidly.o NNRI drug groupEfavirenz, nevirapine, etravirtue and delavir... | 149,385 | medmcqa_train |
Not true about viral envelop? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Propagates in next generation Envelope is lipoprotein in nature, lipid is derived from host cell, while protein is virus coded. Enveloped viruses are susceptible to the action of lipid solvents like ether, chloroform and bile salts. Envelop is not propagated in next generation. Rather progeny virions ... | 149,386 | medmcqa_train |
Incompletly descended testis is commonest on? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Right side | 149,387 | medmcqa_train |
Vein of Galen drains into | The vein of Galen,also known as the great cerebral vein or great vein of Galen is a single median vein.It is formed by union of the two internal cerebral veins.It terminates in the straight sinus.Its tributaries include the basal veins,and veins from the pineal body,the colliculi,the cerebellum,and the adjoining pa of ... | 149,388 | medmcqa_train |
As per immunisation schdule, Hepatitis A vaccine is recommended at: | 2 years | 149,389 | medmcqa_train |
Which drug is contraindicated in pregnancy ? | Captopril | 149,390 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following statements about penicillin-binding proteins are true EXCEPT : | Beta-lactam antibiotics act by inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial cell wall. This action is carried out by transpeptidase enzyme. Transpeptidases and similar enzymes involved in cross-linking are called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). All beta-lactam antibiotics bind to PBPs and i... | 149,391 | medmcqa_train |
Antiepileptic drug not associated with enzyme induction or inhibition propey is ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Ethosuximide | 149,392 | medmcqa_train |
All are true about anthropometric measurements except:- | Standing height is about 0.7 cm less than recumbent length. If a child < 2 years old, measure recumbent length- Infantometer If >= 2-year age and able to stand, measure standing height- Stadiometer | 149,393 | medmcqa_train |
With which of the following of viral hepatitis infection in pegnancy, the maternal moality is highest ? | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Hepatitis E A unique feature of Hepatitis E is the clinical severity and high case fatality rate (20-40%) when it affects pregnant women, especially in last trimester. | 149,394 | medmcqa_train |
DOC for primary open angle glaucoma is | Latanoprost-pgf2 alpha is the DOC for primary open angle glaucoma while acetazolamide is the DOC for acute congestive glaucoma Ref: KDT 6th ed pg 139-140 | 149,395 | medmcqa_train |
The post-operative quality of life (QOL) scores of 200 prostate cancer patients has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 10. How many patients are expected to have a QOL score between 40 and 80? | The values enclosed in a normal distribution curve are: | 149,396 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following structures are normally palpable upon vaginal examination Except the: | Normally, the sacral promontory is too distant to be palpable on vaginal examination. If the sacral promontory is palpable, this indicates that the conjugate diameter of the pelvis is smaller than normal, and a normal vaginal delivery may not be possible. The ischial spines are palpable. This landmark is used for admin... | 149,397 | medmcqa_train |
A 32-year-old woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus delivers a healthy boy at 38 weeks of gestation. As a result of maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy, pancreatic islets in the neonate would be expected to show which of the following morphologic responses to injury? | Hyperplasia Infants of diabetic mothers show a 5% to 10% incidence of major developmental abnormalities, including anomalies of the hea and great vessels and neural tube defects. During fetal development, the islet cells of the pancreas have the proliferative capacity and respond to increased demand for insulin by unde... | 149,398 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not given in acute severe digitalis toxicity? | Ref-KDT 6/e p499 Hypokalemia precipitates digtals toxicity but in acute severe digtalis toxicity, there Is already hyperkalenia. | 149,399 | medmcqa_train |
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