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Endaeritis obliterans is seen in
Ref Davidsons 23e p1125
154,800
medmcqa_train
"Multibacillary" is a spectrum of disease seen in -
Operational classification of Leprosy (According to skin smear positivity) to serve as a basis for chemotherapy Paucibacillary Leprosy (PBL) Multibacillary Leprosy (MBL) BI <2 BI >= 2 Included types Indeterminate Polar tuberculoid (TT) Border Tuberculoid (BT) Polar lepromatous (LL) Borderline lepromatous (BL) Mid-borde...
154,801
medmcqa_train
Most fatal amoebic encephalitis is caused by -
The parasite invades the cribriform plate and travels along the olfactory nerves to brain leading to a rapidly fatal infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.It occurs in young adults and children with a recent history of swimming in fresh water (refer pgno:25 baveja 3 rd edition)
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Functional residual capacity represents the volume of air remaining in lungs
Functional residual capacity * Functional residual capacity is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after expiration of a normal breath * Normal value - 2.5 L * (Residual volume + Expiratory reserve volume) Ref:- Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology 25th ed; pg num:- 629
154,803
medmcqa_train
A nurse is evaluating a client who is HIV positive who is prescribed with Pentamidine (Pentam) IV for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Which of the following assessment after the administration is the most important to relay to the physician?
Pentamidine can cause fatal hypoglycemia, so symptoms such as sudden sweating and hunger are indicative of a low blood sugar indicates a need for change in the treatment. Option A: A low blood pressure may indicate the need of a slower infusion. Option B: Redness and Pain is a sign for the nurse to establish a new IV ...
154,804
medmcqa_train
The following are features of polycythemia rubra vera, except -
<p>In PV, the major pathogenetic mechanism is a tyrosine kinase JAK2 mutation which removes the autoinhibitory control & activates the kinases.</p><p>Due to erythrocytosis, red cell mass will be increased .Splenomegaly produces abdominal fullness.But in PV, oxygen saturation will be high.</p><p>Reference :Harsh mohan t...
154,805
medmcqa_train
A 5-year-old unimmunized child presented with high fever, sore throat, dysphagia & voice change. Throat swab from a whitish lesion showed the following diagnosis.
a. DiphtheriaOn Albert staining, C. diphtheriae appears green colored rod shaped bacteria with bluish black metachromatic granules at the poles
154,806
medmcqa_train
Myocardial abscess is most common in acute endocarditis caused by-
Ans. is `d' i.e., Staphylococcus aureus
154,807
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Heat stiffening occurs when body is exposed to: AIIMS 12
Ans. > 60degC
154,808
medmcqa_train
All of the following are true about Krukenberg's tumor except :
Ans. is a i.e. Has a rough surface Krukenberg tumour : Krukenberg tumour by definition represent carcinoma of stomach metastasised to ovary. But the eponym is commonly used to denote any gastric carier metastatic to ovary Tumour arise by retrograde lymphatic spreaddeg i.e. carcinoma cells pass from the stomach to the s...
154,809
medmcqa_train
A 30-year-old man is evaluated for persistent cough, night sweats, low-grade fever, and general malaise. A chest X-ray reveals findings "consistent with a Ghon complex." Sputum cultures grow acid-fast bacilli. Examination of hilar lymph nodes in this patient would most likely demonstrate which of the following patholog...
The answer is A: Caseous necrosis. Grossly, necrosis in tuberculosis has a granular, cheesy appearance and is therefore called caseous necrosis. Microscopically, this necrotic material appears as amorphous, structureless, eosinophilic, granular debris, with complete loss of cellular details (as opposed to coagulative n...
154,810
medmcqa_train
Most common ligament injured in ankle sprain?
Ans. A. Anterior talofibular. (Ref. Maheshwari orthopaedics 3rd/pg. 140)Maheshwari orthopaedics 3rd/pg. 140:"Commonly the lateral collateral ligament is sprained, mostly so anterior talo-fibular component".SPRAINED ANKLEDefinition:# Term used for ligamnet injuries of the ankle.# Commonly the lateral collateral ligament...
154,811
medmcqa_train
Keshan disease in due to deficiency of
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Selenium Keshan disease Cardiomyopathy associated with selenium deficiency. Wilson disease Autosomal recessive. Defective metabolism of copper leads to copper toxicity. Deficiency of ceruloplasmin. Presence of KF ring in cornea. Acrodermatitis enteropathica Deficiency of zinc. Dermatitis of extremitie...
154,812
medmcqa_train
Neural ectoderm derivatives are:
B i.e. Cilliary epithelium; E i.e. Sphincter and dilator pupillae musclesNeural crest cells form the mesenchyme of head & neck and contribute to most of the eye including endothelium of cornea & trabecular meshworkQ stroma of cornea, iris, ciliary body and choroid; melanocytes of conjunctiva & uvea; ciliary muscle gang...
154,813
medmcqa_train
Cantrell pentology include all except –
Pentalogy of Cantrell is named after James R. Cantrell, a pediatric surgeon . The pentalogy of Cantrell is an extremely rare phenomenon with an incidence estimated at around 6 per million live births. It encompasses the following 5 main features. Pericardial or distal sternal cleft Supraumbilical omphalocele Diaphragma...
154,814
medmcqa_train
Pus discharge (crviitis/urethritis) in a female caused by
(Chlamydia): (144-45- Dutta Gynae 6th edition; 123. 160 161 -Dutta Gynae 6th)CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS - The infection is mostly localized in the urethra, Bartholins gland and cervix* Mucopurulent cervical discharge, cervical oedema, cervical ectopy cervical friabilityComplication - Urethritis and bartholinitis are manifes...
154,815
medmcqa_train
All of the following are diagnostic features of illeocecal tuberculosis on barium follow through, except:
Apple core sign is a feature of carcinoma of colon, not ileocecal tuberculosis. Pulled up contracted angle, widening of ileocecal angle and strictures involving the terminal ileum are all signs of ileocecal tuberculosis. Ref: Clinical Medicine a Practical Manual for Students and Practice By Agarwal, Page 244; Journal o...
154,816
medmcqa_train
Vanilloid receptors are activated by:
A i.e. Pain
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Functional cast bracing not used in fracture of ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Thoracolumbar spine Functional cast bracing is used for the fracture of :- Humerus Femur Ulna Tibia
154,818
medmcqa_train
A child with pellagra like symptoms, amino acids in urine, family history of one siblings affected and three normal. Parents are normal. What is the diagnosis?
Diagnosis is Hanup's disease. autosomal recessive (normal carrier parents with 25% of their children are affected) There is failure to reabsorb tryptophan from urine.So, tryptophan comes in urine (Aminoaciduria) . Patient has Pellagra like symptoms (as Tryptophan forms Niacin - Vitamin B3 in body). Fig:-NORMAL AND ABNO...
154,819
medmcqa_train
Vaccine for post splenectomy infection is given against all except :
Splenectomy : Most serious sequela is overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI), with meningitis, pneumonia, or bacteraemia OPSI is typically caused by polysaccharide-encapsulated organisms, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis & Hemophilus influenzae When elective splenectomy us planned, vaccin...
154,820
medmcqa_train
Postmenopausal hormone that shows an increase is
In postmenopause fsh levels increase Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:636,637,638
154,821
medmcqa_train
Chief artery of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere -
Ans-B
154,822
medmcqa_train
A radiolucent lesion in the posterior part of the mandible, anterior to the angle, has radiographic features of a cyst. After surgical intervention, the histology reports shows submaxillary salivary gland tissue, one may conclude the lesion is likely
A Stafne bone cyst (Stafne defect, static bone defect) is not a true cyst. It represents a developmental defect in which the submandibular gland causes a depression on the lingual aspect of the mandible. This depression either contains a portion of submandibular salivary gland tissue or fibrous tissue and muscle. These...
154,823
medmcqa_train
Drug of choice for obsessive-compulsive disorder is:March, 2005, September 2009
Ans. D: FluoxetineThe two medications proven to be most effective in the treatment of OCD are tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).Serotonin is a chemical in the brain called a neurotransmitter that may be imbalanced in people with OCD.While both drugs are very effective,...
154,824
medmcqa_train
Nimodipine is used in the management of?
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF SAH MAINTAIN ADEQUATE CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSSURE- If the patient is ale, it is reasonable to lower the systolic blood pressure to below 160 mmHg using nicardipine, labetalol, or esmolol. If the patient has a depressed level of consciousness, ICP should be measured and the cerebral perfusion pres...
154,825
medmcqa_train
Selenium is present in which enzyme -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Glutathione peroxidase * Selenium is a trace element that acts as a cofactor for the following enzymes1. Glutathione peroxidase# Glutathione is an antioxidant which is effective in detoxifying hydrogen peroxideH2O2 + 2GSH -> GS - SG + 2H2O# The hydrogen atoms from GSH get added to hydrogen peroxidase ...
154,826
medmcqa_train
A 64 year old man, has had recurring nasal hemorrhages following surgery to remove nasal polyps. To control the bleeding, the surgeon is considering ligating the primary aerial supply to the nasal mucosa. This aery is a direct branch of which of the following aeries?
The major source of blood supply to the nasal mucosa is the sphenopalatine aery, which is the terminal branch of the maxillary aery. The sphenopalatine aery enters the nasal cavity from the pterygopalatine fossa by passing through the sphenopalatine foramen in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
154,827
medmcqa_train
The following are live attenuated vaccine, except-
oral polio vaccines were first introduced by Sabin in 1957.it contains live attenuated strains of virus type 1,2, and 3.grown in primary monkey kidney or h7man diploid cell cultureref;parks tectbook,ed22,pg 187
154,828
medmcqa_train
Which of the following has Autosomal Recessive inheritance?
Sickle cell disease is a common hereditary hemoglobinopathy caused by point mutation resulting in replacement of Glutamic acid by Valine at 6th position of b-globin chain. Autosomal Recessive inheritance Autosomal Dominant (A Very DOMINANT Hereditary Family) Autosomal Recessive (ABCDEFGH'S) Achondroplasia/ADPKD Von Hip...
154,829
medmcqa_train
All are involved in metabolism of vitamin D except-
Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Lungso This question is a repeat from AI -06.o Following organs are involved in calcium metabolism through vitamin D:-i) Skin- Synthesis of 7-dehydrocholesterol which is converted to cholecalceferol (vitamin D,) by sunlight.ii) Liver- Converts cholecalceferol to calcifediol by enzyme 25-hydroxylase.ii...
154,830
medmcqa_train
Lung head ratio is useful in diagnosis of:
A useful index of severity for patients with left Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is the lung-to-head ratio (LHR), which is the product of the length and the width of the right lung at the level of the cardiac atria divided by the head circumference (all measurements in millimeters). It helps in predicting prognosis. R...
154,831
medmcqa_train
A 54-year-old, previously healthy man has experienced minor fatigue on exertion for the past 9 months. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. Laboratory studies show hemoglobin of 11.7 g/dL, hematocrit of 34.8%, MCV of 73 mm3, platelet count of 315,000/ mm3, and WBC count of 8035/ mm3. Which of the ...
With RBC microcytosis, iron deficiency anemia must be considered. It could be a nutritional deficiency in children and pregnant women, but more likely is due to chronic blood loss in adults. The ferritin concentration is a measure of storage iron because it is derived from the total body storage pool in the liver, sple...
154,832
medmcqa_train
Which enzymatic mutation is responsible for immoality of cancer cells :
C i.e. Telomerase
154,833
medmcqa_train
Which of the following parasite does not enter into the body by skin penetration -
Human becomes infected by drinking unfiltered water containing infective cyclops The third stage larvae is infective form and is present in the haemocoele of these infected cyclops. When infective cyclops are digested by gastric acidity and the larvae are released (refer pgno:175 baveja 3 rd edition)
154,834
medmcqa_train
Florid duct lesions are diagnostic of
Ans. (c) Primary biliary cirrhosis(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 858; 8th/pg 867)In Primary biliary cirrhosis: Interlobular bile ducts are actively destroyed by lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with or without granulomas (the florid duct lesion)
154,835
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Human development index includes all of the following, except:
Infant moality rate
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A 6 year old presents with a swelling which seems to be fluid filled translucent mass in supraclavicular area. It most likely represents:
Cystic hygroma
154,837
medmcqa_train
Saliva is
Saliva has a pH normal range of 6.2-7.6 with 6.7 being the average pH. Resting pH of mouth does not fall below 6.3. In the oral cavity, the pH is maintained near neutrality (6.7-7.3) by saliva. The saliva contributes to maintenance of the pH by two mechanisms Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 editi...
154,838
medmcqa_train
A patient in ICU was on invasive monitoring with intra aerial canulation through right radial aery for last 3 days. Later he developed swelling and discolouration of right hand. The next line of management is
A i.e. Stellate ganglion block The patient has developed vasospasm (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) as indicated by development of swelling & discolouration of hand Stellate (Cervicothoracic) Block in reality blocks upper thoracic and cervical ganglion. It is indicated in : - Reflex sympathetic dystrophyQ - Vasospastic d...
154,839
medmcqa_train
Most impoant prognostic factor for colorectal carcinoma is :
Answer is B (Stage of lesion) The most impoant prognostic factor of colorectal carcinoma is the 'stage of disease'.. The 'stage of disease' gives information related to depth of penetration into bowel wall and extent of regional lymph node spread, both of which are the two most impoant independent prognostic. factors. ...
154,840
medmcqa_train
Bronchial asthma is associated with raised levels of
Acute asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens or exercise. Inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes are one of several substances which are released by mast cells during an asthma attack, and it is leukotrienes which are primarily responsible for the bronchoconstriction Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 575
154,841
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The minimum age at which an individual is responsible for his criminal act is –
According to sec. 82 IPC nothing is an offence which is done by a child under seven years of age.
154,842
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Weight gain is seen in all except:
Answer is C (Pheochromocytoma): Pheochronsocytoma is associated with weight loss. Cushing's syndrome, Hypothyroidism and Insulinoma are all associated with weight gain
154,843
medmcqa_train
In cirrhosis in space of disse which type of collagen accumulates -
Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. fibrosis in the liver mobiles may be poal- central, poal poal, or both. The mechanism of fibrosis is by increased synthesis of type1 and type3 collagen in the space of disse. There is proliferation of fat storing Ito, uderlyig the sinus epithelium, which are transformed int...
154,844
medmcqa_train
Bull's eye retinopathy is seen in:
1. Autosomal-dominant, benign, concentric annular macular dystrophy 2. Ceroid lipofuscinosis *3. Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine retinopathy 4. Cone dystrophy 5. Hereditary ataxia 6. NARP syndrome 7. Spielmeyer-Vogt syndrome (Batten-Mayou syndrome) *8. Stargardt disease (or fundus flavimaculatus) 9. Trauma 10. Unknow...
154,845
medmcqa_train
A patient with abdominal wall desmoids tumor should be screened for
Desmoid TumourTumour arising in the musculoaponeurotic structures of the abdominal wall, especially below the level of the umbilicus.It is a completely unencapsulated fibroma. Distribution: Extra-abdominal (60%), abdominal wall (25%), intra-abdominal (15%).Some cases recur repeatedly in spite of apparently adequate exc...
154,846
medmcqa_train
Which is most specific for Alcholic liver disease
AST: ALT ratio of  3:1 is highly specific Next is GGT
154,847
medmcqa_train
Retroauricular incision is also known as?
ANSWER: (D) Wilde's incisionREF: Dhingra 4th ed page 356SURGICAL APPROACHES TO THE EAR AND INCISIONSTympanomeatal or Endomeatal or transcanal approachRosen's incision: It consists of two parts; (a) a small vertical incision at 12 o'clock position near the annulus & (b) a curvilinear incision starting at 6 o'clock posit...
154,848
medmcqa_train
Laser used in LASIK?
Ans. A. Excimer. (Ref. Parsons' diseases of Eye 21st/ pg. 76)In LASIK, the Excimer laser beam LASIK with the excimer laser is the most popular and widely accepted Rx modality for myopia among all the choice available today. Surgical correction is only undertaken in individuals 21 years of age and above who have a stabl...
154,849
medmcqa_train
Norplant is :
Subcutaneous implant
154,850
medmcqa_train
Which of the following liver tumors always merit surgery?
Hepatic adenoma - As no characteristic radiological features to differentiate these lesions from malignant tumor. These tumors are thought to have malignant potential and resection is therefore the treatment of choice. Peliosis hepatis -Multiple small hemangiomas spread across the liver and is associated with immunosup...
154,851
medmcqa_train
Bronchogenic sequestration is seen in which lobe-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Left lower lobe o Bronchogenic sequestration refers to the presence of a discrete mass of lung tissue without any normal connection to the airway system.o Intralobar sequestrations are found most frequently in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe,o Blood supply to the sequestered area ar...
154,852
medmcqa_train
Lesion of globus pallidus causes-
Ans is 'b' i.e., Athetosis Clinical syndromes which result from damage to Basal gangliao AthetosisQo Continuous writhing movement of the hand, arm, neck or face,o Occurs due to lesion in globus palliduso HemiballismusQo Sudden flailing movement of an entire limbo Occurs due to lesion in subthalamic nucleuso ChoreaQo Fl...
154,853
medmcqa_train
Thymomas may be associated with all of the following, Except
Answer is B (Hypergammaglobulinemia): Thymoms may he associated with Hypogammaglobulinemia and not with Hypergammaglobulinemia. Thymoma is associated with Hypogammaglobulinemia and not with hypergammaglobulinemia Immune status with Thymoma T-cell number & cell medicated immunity are usually intact Q These patients are ...
154,854
medmcqa_train
Use of folic acid to prevent congenital malformation should be best initiated:
Ans. is d, i.e. Before conceptionRef. Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 383; COGDT 10/e, p 197"Folic acid has been shown to effectively reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTD's). A daily 4 mg dose is recommended for patients who have had a previous pregnancy affected by neural tube defects. It should be started atleast 1 month (i...
154,855
medmcqa_train
On Doppler studies which is an ominous sign for IUGR fetus :
Absence of end-diastolic frequencies or reverse diastolic flow patterns in the umbilical aery usually indicates poor perinatal outcome. Reference: Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics 7th edition page no 227
154,856
medmcqa_train
Monteggia fracture is: (D. REPEAT 2012)
Ref: Aples's Svstem of Orthopaedics and Fractures, 9th edition, Pages 770 and 773Explanation:MONTEGGIA FRACTUREThe injury described by Monteggia in the early nineteenth century (without the benefit of X-rays!).Fracture of shaft of the proximal third of ulna associated with dislocation of the proximal radio-ulnar joint....
154,857
medmcqa_train
Rx of choice for 'after cataract':
Ans. d (Nd- YAG Laser). (Ref: Ophthalmology by A K Khurana 2nd ed: 209)LASERNd-YAG USER# Thin membranous after cataract and thickened posterior capsule are best treated by YAG laser capsulotomy or discission with cystotome or Ziegler's knife.# Nd-YAG produces an infrared radiation with a wavelength of 1064nm.He-Ne LASE...
154,858
medmcqa_train
A characteristic feature of lingual surface of the mandibular first premolar is:
A characteristic of the lingual surface of the mandibular first premolar is the mesiolingual developmental groove. This groove acts as a line of demarcation between the mesiobuccal lobe and the lingual lobe and extends into the mesial fossa of the occlusal surface.
154,859
medmcqa_train
40 yr old female presents with urine darkening on standing, joint pain and stiffness, and pigment deposition in joints. What is the probable diagnosis?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Alkaptonuria * Individual presenting in 4th decade with joint pain and stiffness and urine darkening on standing and pigment deposition in joints, is suggestive of alkaptonuria.Ochronosis (Alkaptonuria):* Alkaptonuria is a rare, heritable disorder characterized by the appearance of homogentisic acid i...
154,860
medmcqa_train
JG cells (Juxta glomerular apparatus) are ?
B i.e., Smooth muscle cells of afferent aeriole
154,861
medmcqa_train
In a human genome project, scientist notices that one strand of the DNA molecule contains 20 thymine (T), 25 cytosines (C), 30 guanines (G) and 22 adenine (A) residues. How many of each of the bases are found in the complete double-stranded molecule?
Base pairs occur when nitrogenous bases make hydrogen bonds with each other. Each base has a specific paner: guanine with cytosine, adenine with thymine (in DNA) or adenine with uracil (in RNA). The hydrogen bonds are weak, allowing DNA to 'unzip Reference satyanarayana 4e
154,862
medmcqa_train
Sentinel node of gallbladder is
Lund's node, or Mascagni's lymph node (often erroneously referred to as Calot's node), is the sentinel lymph node of the gall bladder. It increases in size in cholecystitis and cholangitis. It is an anatomic landmark and is removed along with the gall bladder in cholecystectomy.It is situated within the Triangle of Cal...
154,863
medmcqa_train
Given below is an X ray of neonate, what is your diagnosis?
Chest X ray shows multiple air filled cysts in left hemithorax, shift of mediastinum to the right and the absence of outline of the left diaphragm- suggestive of Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Respiratory distress in neonate- With mediastinal shift Without mediastinal shift Congenital Diaphragmatic hernia Hyaline memb...
154,864
medmcqa_train
What is the order of pubey -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Thelarchy-Pubarchy-Menarchy
154,865
medmcqa_train
Enzymes of Calvin cycle are
The Calvin cycle is regulated by light-dependent activation of at least 5 enzymes: Rubisco(Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase) NADP:glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase Sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase Ribulose-5-phosphate kinase Of these 5 enzymes, all except rubisco ...
154,866
medmcqa_train
FEV1/ FEVC ratio is decreased in all, except
ParameterObstructive lung diseaseRestrictive lung diseaseTotal lung capacityNormal to increaseDecreaseResidual volumeIncreaseDecreaseVital capacityDecreaseDecreaseFEV1/ FVC (FEV1%)DecreaseNormal to increaseFEF 25-75% (Forced expiratory flow rate)Decrease NormalDiffusion capacityNormal (| in emphysema)decreased(Refer: H...
154,867
medmcqa_train
In a patient with head injury, eye opening is seen with painful stimulus, localizes the pain and there is inappropriate verbal response. What would be the score on Glasgow coma scale:
Ans is 'c' i.e. 10 Feature Score Eye opening to pain 2 Inappropriate words 3 Localizes pain 5 Total 10
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Which of the following statements are true?
ACUTE FLANK PAIN Renal pain is a deep ache in the loin and is caused by stretching of the renal capsule. URETERIC COLIC Sudden severe agonizing colicky pain, staed at loin and radiating inferiorly and anteriorly caused by ureteral obstruction & its associated with nausea, vomiting, and urinary symptoms like hematuria o...
154,869
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True about vitiligo are all except –
Leucotrichia (depigmented hair) is a poor prognostic factor.
154,870
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'Peliosis hepatis' can be caused by the following except:
Ans. A. Analgesics. (Ref. H - 17th/pg. 988, 1950)Peliosis hepatis (blood cysts of the liver), has been observed in some patients treated with anabolic steroids.Certain drugs appear to be responsible for the development of chronic as well as acute hepatic injury. For example,:DRUGLiver-related Side-effects1 Oxyphenisati...
154,871
medmcqa_train
A 50-year-old female complains of dry mouth and foreign body sensation in her eyes. It is difficult for her to speak for more than a few minutes. There is no history of diabetes mellitus or neurological disease. The patient is on no medications. During clinical examination the buccal mucosa appears dry and the salivary...
Primary Sjogren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease with presenting symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth. Positive Schirmer test is an objective evidence of dry eyes. Autoantibodies are directed against non-organ-specific antigens such as immunoglobulins (rheumatoid factors) and extractable nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens...
154,872
medmcqa_train
Abductor of vocal cords is -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Posterior cricoarytenoid Abductors : Adductors :Posterior cricoarytenoidLateral cricoarytenoidInterarytenoid (transverse arytenoid)Thyroarytenoid (external part)CricothyroidTensors :CricothyroidVocalis (internal part of thyroarytenoid)
154,873
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Muscles that can cause external rotation of the hip include all of the following except:
Ans:D.)Gluteus Minimus. Many of the muscles of the gluteal region are external rotators of the hip. These muscles include the gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, superior gemellus, and inferior gemellus. The saorius is a flexor and external rotator of the hip. The glu...
154,874
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A female presented with progressive loss of vision during night since few months. Fundoscopy shows "bone-spicule formation". Her two brothers and mother are also suffering with the same problem. Diagnosis is:
Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of heterogeneous hereditary retinal degenerations characterized by progressive dysfunction of the photoreceptors, associated with progressive cell loss and eventual atrophy of several retinal layers. Inheritance of the typical form can be autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or X-lin...
154,875
medmcqa_train
Effect of fetal hemoglobin on O, dissociation curve-
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Left shift Oxveen dissociation curveShifted to rightShifted to lefto Decreased oxygen affinity to hemoglobino Increased P50o Increased oxygen deliveryQ to tissueso Causes;* Decreased pH (Acidosis) Q* Increased temperatureQ* Increased PCO6* Increased 2,3 DPG(BPG)6i) Growth hormone, Androgen, thyroid ho...
154,876
medmcqa_train
Nugent's scorefor bacterial vaginosis includes all except?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., GonococcusNugent's score for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV)The Nugent Score is a system employed for diagnosing BV using microscopic examination of a Gram-stained smear of vaginal discharge.It is used primarily in research studies rather than clinical practice.Scores are calculated by assessing...
154,877
medmcqa_train
Temperature for sintering of High fusing ceramic is
Classification of Dental Ceramics by Sintering Temperature
154,878
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Purkinje cells from the cerebellum end in:
Ans. C. Cerebellar NucleiCerebellar cortex consists of the following three distinct layers:a. Outer molecular layer.b. Intermediate Purkinje cell layer.c. Inner granular layer.Purkinje cells are large flask shaped cells. The outgoing Purkinje axons constitute the sole output from the cerebellar cortex and exert an inhi...
154,879
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is the first product of glycogenolysis?
Glycogenolysis involves three steps. First, the repetitive removal of glucose residues by phosphorylase breaking bonds between carbons 1 and 4, producing a glucose-1-phosphate molecule. Second, a glucan transferase enzyme moves three residues to the linear pa of the glycogen chain. Third, a debranching enzyme cleaves t...
154,880
medmcqa_train
Fatal dose of arsenic in adults -
fatal dose of arsenic trioxide is 100-200mg REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION;PAGE NO303
154,881
medmcqa_train
CSF rhinorrhoea is due to the fracture of which of the following March 2008
Ans. B: Cribriform Plate CSF rhinorrhoea can follow a head injury. CSF from anterior cranial fossa reaches the nose by way of cribriform plate, ethmoid air cells or frontal sinus. CSF from middle cranial fossa reaches the nose sphenoid sinuses. Sometimes, injuries of the temporal bone result in leakage of CSF into the ...
154,882
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is a topical vit. D analogue?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Calcipotriol o Topical calcipotriol (Calcipotriene) is a Vitamin D analogue used in psoriasis.
154,883
medmcqa_train
The quantity of hormone released by Progestase per day is?
Progestase is a commonly used IUCD which carries 38 mg of progesterone in silicone oil reservoir. It releases 65 ug of hormone per day. It acts by forming a thick plug of mucus at the cervical os which prevents penetration by the sperm. Ref: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology, 18th edition, p227.
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Which of the following factors is responsible for deciding whether an antibody or immunoglobulin will remain membrane bound or get secreted?
Differential RNA processing decides whether an immunoglobulin will remain membrane bound or secreted. Ref: Textbook of biochemistry by DM Vasudevan3rd edn/page 354.
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Plasma cells are activated:
Ans: a (B cells) Ref: Robbins,7th ed, p. 199; Ananthanarayan, 7th ed, p. 125When B lymphocytes are activated by antigens (protein/non-protein) they get differentiated into antibody secreting cells, called plasma cells.Plasma cells:Cartwheel appearanceLifespan-2-3 daysMakes Ab of single specificity, single Ig clan & all...
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A major source of Von Willebrand factor (vWF) -
Circulating factor VIII has two components. (a) Factor VIII c  (Procoagulant protein) This is the smaller component It is synthesized in the liver (main source) and kidney. It is an intrinsic pathway component required for activation of factor X. (b) Von willebrand factor (vWF) This is the larger component It is pro...
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Bevelling of the skull is seen in the :
C i.e. Exit point bullet
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Common organism causing liver abscess in biliry sepsis is:
Source of infection MC organism 1.Biliary Enteric gram negative organisms (enterococci) 2.Other intraperitoneal source Mixed aerobic/anaerobic organisms (e.g. B. fragilis) 3.Haematogenous seeding Staphylococcus, Streptococcus 4.Immunocompromised Candida species 5.Parasitic Ascaris lumbricoides Ref: Heneghan et al. BMC ...
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A 25-year-old man presents to rheumatologist with complaints of joint pain involving large joints of legs which exacerbates frequently accompanied by diarrhea. Which of the following gastrointestinal diseases is most likely to be implicated as the cause of the patient's joint problems?
- Most frequent GIT disorder associated with sacroiliitis (related to HLA-B27) or lower limb ahritis is chronic inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease. - Other GI diseases associated with ahropathy are Whipple's disease, Behcet's syndrome, and celiac disease.
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Frey's syndrome is caused by ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Post traumatic nerve fibres of facial nerve with parasympathetic of auriculotemporal nerve Frey's syndrome (gustatory sweating) Gustatory sweating or Frey's syndrome involves post-parotidectomy facial sweating and skin flushing while eating. The symptoms usually occur several months or even years afte...
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All are true about obsession, except: PGI 10, 14
Ans. Associated with dim light
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Which of the following is most useful for sex determination?
Ans: C (Pelvis) Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Moray an Reddy. 29th edition. 2010. Pg. 57-6/Explanation:According to Krogman theory, the degree of accuracy in sexing adult skeletal remains is:Entire Skeleton100 %Pelvis alone95 %Skull alone90 %Pelvis + Skull98 %Long bones alone80 %Some Imp...
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Structure formed from Mesonephric duct is?
A diveiculum called Ureteric bud which arises From the lower pa of the mesonephric duct(wolffian duct) Ureter develops from pa of the Ureteric bud that lies between the pelvis of the kydney and the vesico urethral canal HUMAN EMBRYOLOGY-INDERBIR SINGH TENTH EDITION-PAGE NO:285,290
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The best marker to diagnose thyroid related disorder is:
Ans. (c) TSHRef: Schwartz 10th edition Page 1349* TSH assay is the most sensitive and Specific test for diagnosis of hyper and hypothyroidism for optimizing T4 therapy.
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Primary motor area (Area no. 4) of brain is supplied by:
- lateral surface of cerebrum receives supply from middle cerebral aery. -medial surface of cerebrum is majorly supplied by anterior cerebral aery. - The upper limb and head are represented on the lateral surface of the coex in homunculus, whereas pelvis and lower limb are on the medial surface of the hemispheres.
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Which is true abt primary sclerosing cholangitis-
In primary sclerosing cholangitis, Liver enzymes are elevated, Bilirubin levels increase during acute cholangitis. Reference: Davidson, 23rd edition, page 889
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Aggrecan in:
D i.e. Impoant component of cailage
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Antibody found in myositis
Refer Harrison 17th/2038
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