query stringlengths 1 1.57k | pos stringlengths 1 22.5k | idx int64 0 161k | task_name stringclasses 1
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Cerebro spinal fluid | (A) Is actively secreted by choroidal plexus > CSF fills the ventricles and subarachnoid space.> In humans, the volume of CSF is about 150 mL and the rate of CSF production is 550 mL/d.> Thus the CSF turns over about 3.7 times a day.> 50-70% of the CSF is formed in the choroid plexuses and the remainder is formed aroun... | 156,400 | medmcqa_train |
What is a feature of narcolepsy | NarcolepsyThis is a disorder characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness, often disturbed night-time sleep and disturbances in the REM-sleep. The hallmark of this disorder is decreased REM latency, i.e. decreased latent period before the first REM period occurs. Normal REM latency is 90-100 minutes. In narcolepsy, RE... | 156,401 | medmcqa_train |
A young man repos chest pain retrosternal over last few hours. Pain is not related to . and relieved significantly on sitting and forward. Likely possibility is - | Acute pericarditis is a type of pericarditis (inflammation of the sac surrounding the hea, the pericardium) usually lasting less than 6 weeks. It is the most common condition affecting the pericardium. Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg 525 | 156,402 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following statements about Mollaret meningitis is true? | Answer is A (Caused by Herpes simplex 2 in most of the cases): Mollaret's Meningitis is a form of Self-limiting Benign Recurrent Aseptic Lymphocvtic Meningitis that is most commonly caused by HSV-2 infection of the CNS. Several etiologies have been proposed for Mollaret's Meningitis however recent studies suggest that ... | 156,403 | medmcqa_train |
Volume of air taken in and given out during normal respiration is referred to as | Ans. (b) TV(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.628)Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath during normal quiet breathing. It is 500- 750 ml | 156,404 | medmcqa_train |
60 year old diabetic female presented with burning sensation to spicy food. Intraoral examination revealed multiple periodontal abscess and keratotic area in a lace pattern with occasional erosive areas inside the lace pattern.
Histological feature will be | The histological features include hyperparakeratosis or hyperorthokeratosis,with thickening of granular layer, acanthosis with intracellular edema, saw tooth appearance of rete ridges, band like subepithelial mononuclear infiltrate, degenerating basal keratinocytes that form colloid known as Civatte, hyaline, cytoid bo... | 156,405 | medmcqa_train |
Formication and delusion of persecution occurs together in abuse with: | In cocaine psychosis formication occur along with delusion of persecution and is known as cocaine bug. Formication refers to the sensation of small animals crawling over the body. Cocaine is a natural stimulant derived from the leaves of coca plant. In the brain it increase the level of neurotransmitters like norepinep... | 156,406 | medmcqa_train |
Macula densa is a pa of | The thick end of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle reaches the glomerulus of the nephron from which the tubule arose and nestles between its afferent and efferent aerioles. Specialized cells at the end form the macula densa, which is close to the afferent and paicularly the afferent aeriole. The macula, the neigh... | 156,407 | medmcqa_train |
Ectocervix is predominantly lined by which of the following type of epithelium? | The poion of the cervix exterior to the external os is called ectocervix. It is lined predominantly by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The endocervical canal is covered by a single layer of mucin-secreting columnar epithelium. During pregnancy mucus produced by the endocervical epithelium becomes thick a... | 156,408 | medmcqa_train |
Protein requirement of 4 kg new born (daily) ? | Ans. is 'None' o Daily protein requirement upto 6 months of age is 1.16 g/kg/day. o 4 kg infant requires 4 x 1.16 =4.64 gm proteins/day. | 156,409 | medmcqa_train |
A 63-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse presents with ascites. He is experiencing mild abdominal discomfort and nausea. Examination reveals tense ascites and generalized tenderness but no rigidity. A diagnostic paracentesis of the fluid is performed. Which of the following ascitic fluid results is most l... | Ascitic fluid in uncomplicated cirrhosis of the liver shows a specific gravity < 1.016. Protein is < 25 g/L, and the gross appearance is straw-colored. In spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, the fluid may be cloudy and the number of white cells (neutrophils) increased. In uncomplicated ascites, the difference between pl... | 156,410 | medmcqa_train |
Deep venous system of brain consist of | It is single median vein formed by union of 2 internal cerebral vein. along with inferior petrosal sinus terminate in straight sinus. Its tributaries are basal vein, veins from pineal body, colliculus, cerebellum& occipital lobes. Ref: Gray's 40e/p256 | 156,411 | medmcqa_train |
The term &;Id&; was coined by- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Freud o Structural theory of mind (the id, ego and superego) was given by sigmund freud.Structural theory of mindo Freud coined the term "The Ego and The Id", and divided the mental apparatus (Personality) into three dynamic structures : -The Id :- The id is the only component of personality that is p... | 156,412 | medmcqa_train |
A patient presents with low grade fever, his ECG is as shown below. What is the most probable diagnosis? | The electrocardiogram (ECG) is very useful in the diagnosis of acute pericarditis. Characteristic manifestations of acute pericarditis on ECG most commonly include diffuse ST-segment elevation. However, other conditions may have ECG features similar to those of acute pericarditis. Pericarditis is inflammation of the pe... | 156,413 | medmcqa_train |
Autonomic disturbances are seen in? | Diabetes REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17'h edition chapter 370 I. Autonomic disorders with brain involvement A. Associated with multisystem degeneration 1. Multisystem degeneration: autonomic failure clinically prominent Multiple system atrophy (MSA) Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure Diffuse Lewy body dis... | 156,414 | medmcqa_train |
MC site of gastrinoma:- | Agastrinomais a gastrin-producing tumor usually located in the pancreas or the duodenal wall. Gastric acid hypersecretion and aggressive, refractory peptic ulceration result (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).Diagnosisis by measuring serum gastrin levels. Treatment is proton pump inhibitors and surgical removal. | 156,415 | medmcqa_train |
In a young patient who had extensive soft tissue and muscle injury, which of these muscle relaxants used for endotracheal intubation might lead to cardiac arrest – | Sch can cause dangerous hyperkalemia in patients with extensive soft tissue & muscle injury (crush injury) which may cause cardiac arrest. | 156,416 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not an RNA virus ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Simian 40 | 156,417 | medmcqa_train |
Fractional excretion of sodium < 1 is seen in - | The fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) has been demonstrated to be a reliably discriminating test between prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis. One paicular urinary index cannot be expected to reliably discriminate between prerenal azotemia and acute renal failure in all cases Prerenal azotemia Olig... | 156,418 | medmcqa_train |
A neonate delivered at 38 weeks of gestation with a bih weight of 2.2 kg develops intolerance to feed/ abdominal distension on second day. Physical examination is unremarkable. Sepsis screen is negative. PCV is observed to be 72%. Which of the following represents the best management option ? | Ans is 'b' i.e., Paial Exchange Transfusion o PCV 72% in a neonate suggests the diagnosis of neonatal polycythemia. o Polycythemia is defined as central venous hematocrit Ialso called packed cell volume (PCV) or erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF)J level ofgreater than 65%. o The neonate in question is also having intole... | 156,419 | medmcqa_train |
DOC for schizophrenic patient with poor oral absorption is? | Ans. B. FluphenazineLong-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics (APs) (LAI APs) have proved effective in schizophrenia and other severe psychotic disorders because they assure stable blood levels, leading to a reduction of the risk of relapse.LAIs bypass the initial deactivating process by avoiding first-pass metabolis... | 156,420 | medmcqa_train |
Hepatotoxic drugs are - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chloroform Hepatotoxic anaesthetic agents are 1. Chloroform 3. Carbon tetrachloride 5. Methoxyflurane 2. Halothane 4. Trichloroethylene | 156,421 | medmcqa_train |
A retrobulbar anaesthetic is least likely to produce anaesthesia of which cranial nerve? | Retrobulbar anaesthesia: 4th cranial nerve lies outside the muscle cone in orbit and the least likely to get paralysed by retrobulbar anesthesia. Main goal of this procedure is to obtain anesthesia of the cornea, uvea, and conjunctiva, as well as akinesia of the extraocular muscles by blocking the ciliary nerves and II... | 156,422 | medmcqa_train |
Oral rehydration therapy takes advantage of which transpoer in GIT ? | Ans. is'a'i.e., Na Glucose co transpolRef; KDT 7/ep.679)Oral rehydration is possible if glucose is added with salt.It capitalizes on the intactness of glucose coupled Na+ absorption (Na glucose co transpo), even when other mechanisms have failed or when intestinal secretion is excessive, because the secreted fluid lack... | 156,423 | medmcqa_train |
Sentinal node of gall bladder is | The lymphatic vessels of gallbladder(subserosal & submucosal)drain into the cystic lymph node of Lund(Fred Bates Lund)-Mascagni's node.This lies in the fork created by the junction of cystic duct and common hepatic duct.Efferent vessels from this node go to the hilum of liver and to coeliac lymph nodes. Virchow's node ... | 156,424 | medmcqa_train |
Test based on counting the direction of each within paired sample is- | * The 'Sign test' is non parametric / distribution free test which can be utilized to analyze paired sample * It is based on counting the direction (or Sign) of each 'within-pair difference | 156,425 | medmcqa_train |
Paralysis of 3rd, 4th, 6th nerves with involvement of ophthalmic division of 5th nerve, localizes the lesion to - | Paralysis of 3rd, 4th, 6th nerve and involvement of ophthalmic division of 5th nerve → cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Paralysis of 3rd, 4'h, 6th nerve, ophthalmic division of 5th nerve plus optic nerve signs→ orbital apex syndrome. | 156,426 | medmcqa_train |
Thoracic duct is also called as | Thoracic duct- pecquet duct.Hensen&;s duct : A sho membranous tube passing from the lower end of the saccule to the cochlear duct of the membranous labyrinth.Bernard&;s duct- Accessory pancreatic duct.Hoffman&;s duct- pancreatic duct. | 156,427 | medmcqa_train |
A middle-aged male comes to the OPD with the only complaint of hoarseness for the past 2 years. He has been a chronic smoker for 30 years. On examination, a reddish area of mucosal irregularity overlying a portion of both cords was seen. Management would include all except: | In the data given above, clinical diagnosis of cancer larynx is made but biopsy is mandatory. Indicators are: chronic smoking habits, hoarse voice persisting for 2 years, irregular vocal cord lesion involving both cords. The lesion is stage I glottic cancer as the pathology is localized to glottis. Treatment of choice ... | 156,428 | medmcqa_train |
25 years old 2nd gravida with B negative blood group reaches in labour room in full dilatation. All the following norms to be followed except: | Use of ergot derivatives is contraindicated in Rh negative mother to avoid chances of feto-maternal micro transfusions. As the mother is Rh -ve so to decrease the chances of Rh isoimmunization, early cord clamping is done. Cord blood is sampled for baby's blood group and Direct Coombs Test Manual removal of placenta is... | 156,429 | medmcqa_train |
Fleischer ring is characteristic of | D i.e. Keratoconus Corneal Pigmentation Condition Deposited Material Site Of Deposition Argyrosis Sliver nitrate (AgNO3) Brown discolouration of descement's membrane Fleischer ring Iron Epithelial iron deposits at the base of Keratoconus Chalcosis (Kayser Fleischer ring) Cu Grayish-green or golden brown discolouration ... | 156,430 | medmcqa_train |
Socialized medicine is | *State Medicine: Provision of free medical services to the people at government expense*Socialized Medicine: Provision of medical service and professional education by the state, but the programme is operated and regulated by professional groups rather than by the government.*Social Medicine: study of social, economica... | 156,431 | medmcqa_train |
Lack of alpha-oxidation of fatty acids leads to | Refsum&;s Disease It is a metabolic error due to lack of alpha-hydroxylase (phytanic acid oxidase) so that alpha-oxidation does not occur and phytanic acid accumulates in the tissues. The patient presents with severe neurological symptoms, polyneuropathy, retinitis pigmentosa, nerve deafness and cerebellar ataxia. Regr... | 156,432 | medmcqa_train |
All are T cell lymphomas, EXCEPT: | Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is a B cell lymphoma, all others are T cell lymphomas. Ref:Harrisons principles of internal medicine 18th edition, Page: 920. | 156,433 | medmcqa_train |
All the following statements are true regarding torsion of testis EXCEPT | Ans. (a) Anatomical abnormality is unilateral and contralateral testis should not be fixedRef: Bailey and Love 26th ed. /1379Anatomical abnormality is unilateral and contralateral testis should not be fixedThe other testis should also be fixed because the anatomical predisposition is likely to be bilateral. An infarcte... | 156,434 | medmcqa_train |
A 27 year old patient presented with left sided abdominal pain to the emergency room, 6 hours after an A. He was hemodynamically stable and FAST positive. Contrast Enhanced CT (CECT) scan showed grade III splenic laceration. What will be the most appropriate treatment? | There are criterias for conservative mangement in splenic injured patients such as hemodynamical stability, minimal transfusion requirement, no other abdomen injuries and ablity to perform series of abdominal examination. A stable defect on repeat imaging also suppos. As this patient is hemodynamically stable, with no ... | 156,435 | medmcqa_train |
Achromatopsia is due to lesion in which area of occipital coex? | Area v4 REF: Yanoff's ophthalmology p- 1300 Patients who have acquired, central cerebral achromatopsia (inability to identify colors) may have complete loss or miss only one primary color. The isolation of single color defects links with research performed in macaque monkeys, which showed that an area of prestriate coe... | 156,436 | medmcqa_train |
Bansdola is a form of strangulation by – | In Bansdola one strong bamboo stick is placed across the back of the neck and another across the front. Both the ends are tied with a rope due to which the victim is squeezed to death. Sometimes a stick is placed across the front of neck & the assailant stands with a foot on each end of the stick | 156,437 | medmcqa_train |
A 25-year old patient with a history of recent respiratory tract infection complains of severe chest pain at rest. The ECG of the patient is given. The most probable diagnosis of the patient is? | The history points to a recent viral infection that could contribute to the development of pericarditis. Acute Pericarditis -Most common cause of pericarditis is idiopathic or viral. -ECG findings: Hea rate= 75 bpm Axis= normal PR interval= 0.16 sec QRS= 0.08 sec QT= 400 msec Uniform ST segment elevation - Concave upwa... | 156,438 | medmcqa_train |
Which vein is preferable for coronary by pass grafting- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Saphenous vein o Most common conduits used is greater saphenous vein. Ideal characteristics of a saphenous vein conduit are that it should be atleast having diameter of 3.5 mm and free from any varicosity or areas of structure,o If the saphenous vein is inadequate or unavailable^ short saphenous vein ... | 156,439 | medmcqa_train |
Hyperplastic arteriolitis with necrotizing arteriolitis is seen in? | Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is more typical of severe hypertension. Vessels exhibit "onion skin" ."concentric, laminated thickening of arteriolar walls and luminal narrowing . The lamination consists of smooth muscle cells and thickened , re duplicated basement membrane . In malignant hypertension these changes are... | 156,440 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following, statements ubout Digoxin induced arrhythmias are true, Except - | Digoxin remains one of the most frequently prescribed drugs in the management of atrial fibrillation. The main indications for digoxin in atrial fibrillation are restoration of sinus rhythm, prevention of recurrence and slowing of the ventricular rate Other common dysrhythmias associated with digoxin toxicity include: ... | 156,441 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most useful investigation for thyroid function: September 2011 | Ans. C: TSH TSH is usually regarded as the most useful investigation of thyroid function Thyroid pathology: Primary hypehyroidism: - Decreased TSH - Raised T4 Secondary hypehyroidism: Raised TSH Hypothyroidism: Raised TSH | 156,442 | medmcqa_train |
LMW heparin is preferred over unfractionated heparin because: | LMW heparin inhibit factor Xa only and have a weak effect on thrombin , aPTT, or CT are not prolonged. Heparin acts by activation of antithrombin III. LMW heparin is given subcutaneosly due to better bioavalability.LMW heparin have subcutaneous bioavalability of 70 - 90%. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition P... | 156,443 | medmcqa_train |
In TCA cycle of tricarboxylic acid, which is first formed | B i.e. Citrate | 156,444 | medmcqa_train |
Salt loosing nephritis is due to | Salt-losing nephritis is one of many clinical situations involving electrolyte disturbance in renal disease. This type of nephropathy is characterized by hyponatremia and hypochloremia, lassitude, thirst, polyuria, azotemia, and circulatory collapse. Interstitial nephritis is a kidney disorder in which the spaces betwe... | 156,445 | medmcqa_train |
Adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine act through? | Ans is 'c' i.e. Seven pass receptor o Adrenergic receptors (Adrenaline, noradrenaline) and dopamine receptors are G-protein coupled receptors which are heptahelical receptors, i.e., have seven transmembrane spanning segments (Seven pass receptors) | 156,446 | medmcqa_train |
Renauld Braud phenomenon is seen in | Candida albicans has the ability to form germ tubes within 2hours when incubated in human serum at 37C - Reynolds-Braude phenomenon. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology, Ananthanarayan and Paniker; 9th edition | 156,447 | medmcqa_train |
Pseudolymphoma occurs because of long term use of : | Side effects of phenytoin Gingival hyperplasia Lymphadenopathy Hirsutism Osteomalacia Facial coarsening Skin rash | 156,448 | medmcqa_train |
Dimension of HDI which is measured to check good standard of living ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Income HDI is a composite index combining indicators representing three dimensions ? Longevity (life expectancy at bih) Knowledge (Adult literacy rate and mean years of schooling, i.e. Gross enrolement ratio) Income (real GDP per capita in purchasing power parity in US dollars) Among these three, inco... | 156,449 | medmcqa_train |
Nerve supply of trapezius is by | the and sternocleidomastoid are supplied by spinal accessory nerve. Both of them develop from brachial arch mesoderm. The principal action of trapezius is to rotate scapula during abduction of arm beyond 90deg. Clinically the muscle is tested by asking the patient to shrug his shoulder against resistance. REF: BD Chaur... | 156,450 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following structure is not a primary suppo of uterus? | Broad ligament is a secondary suppo of uterus. Structures forming primary suppo to the uterus are pelvic diaphragm, perineal body, urogenital diaphragm, uterine axis, pubocervical ligament, transverse cervical ligament, uterosacral ligament and round ligament of uterus. | 156,451 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following drug used in treating leprosy acts as a bactericidal agent? | Dapsone, rifampicin and clofazimine are WHO recommended drugs used in the treatment of leprosy. Among these only rifampicin is bactericidal. Rifampin binds to the beta subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and thereby inhibits RNA synthesis. It is bactericidal, it penetrates most tissues and into phagocytic... | 156,452 | medmcqa_train |
Epley's maneuver is used in the treatment of | Epley`s maneuver is used in the treatment of Positional Veigo (BPPV)Dix Hallpike`s test is the diagnostic testOther exercises are: Semont`s maneuver, Brandt Darrof exercisesSurgeries: Singular neurectomy, Posterior canal occlusion, Labyrinthectomy, Vestibular nerve sectionRef: Hazarika; 3rd edition; Page no: 108 | 156,453 | medmcqa_train |
Bacitracin acts on : | Bacitracin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the cell wall.
Other polypeptide antibiotics like polymyxin B, colistin and tyrothricin act by an affecting membrane. | 156,454 | medmcqa_train |
Spinal epidural space is the largest at the level of the | Spinal epidural space is largest at 3rd lumbar veebrae .Spinal epidural space is a closed anatomic space between the dura mater and the bony spinal canal. It extends from the foramen magnum to the sacrum. Unlike its intracranial counterpa, spinal epidural space is real. The presence of anchoring plicae and meningoveebr... | 156,455 | medmcqa_train |
Which cell does not NOT differentiate in bone marrow? | Bone marrow provides the environment for development of precursor cells into erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, and B lymphocytes. Although it is likely that T lymphocytes progenitor cells also arise in bone marrow, differentiation and programming of new T lymphocytes occurs in the thymus. Ref: Levinson ... | 156,456 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not true about medullary thyroid carcinoma? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Form about 25% of the thyroid malignancies Medullary carcinoma of thyroid* Medullary carcinomas of the thyroid are neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from the parafollicular cells, or C cells, of the thyroid, and account for approximately 5% of thyroid neoplasms.* Medullary carcinomas, similar to normal... | 156,457 | medmcqa_train |
Which drug has inverse agonist activity at benzodiazepine receptors? | Benzodiazepine Binding Site Ligands: The components of the GABA A receptor-chloride ion channel macromolecule that function as benzodiazepine binding sites exhibit heterogeneity. Three types of ligand-benzodiazepine receptor interactions have been repoed: Agonists: facilitate GABA actions, and this occurs at multiple B... | 156,458 | medmcqa_train |
Most common lesion in diabetic nephropathy | m/c - Diffuse glomerulosclerosis
Pathognomonic - Kimmelstiel Wilson nodule | 156,459 | medmcqa_train |
A thirty one year old male with neprhrotic syndrome complains of pain in right hip joint of 2 months duration. The movements at the hip are free but painful terminally. The most likely diagnosis is - | This patient has : -
Nephrotic syndrome (must be taking steroids)
Pain in hip
Terminal restriction of movements (in AVN, initially movements are restricted terminally only).
The diagnosis is AVN of Hip.
In all other three options movements of hip are grossly restricted (not terminally). | 156,460 | medmcqa_train |
A 35-year-old woman presents with infertility and palpable pelvic mass. Her CA-125 level is 90 rnIU/mL diagnosis is: | In this question we have insufficient information to make any definite diagnosis. At the best we can try to make the most probable diagnosis.
CA-125
• This is a non-specific tumor marker
• CA-125 is a glycoprotein which is normally not produced by ovarian epithelium but may be produced by both
malignant and benign epit... | 156,461 | medmcqa_train |
True regarding surface anatomy of internal jugularvein - | Ans 'b' i.e., Line passing from ear lobule to medial end of clavicle SURFACE MARKINGS OF IMPORL4N VESSELS OF NECKSurface anatomy of internal jugular vein:o Internal jugular vein is marked by a line joining a point on the neck, medial to the ear lobule to a point at the medial end of the clavicle.Surface anatomy of the ... | 156,462 | medmcqa_train |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase contains all except - | A i.e. BiotinPyruvate, the end product of aerobic glycolysis is transpoed into mitochondria by specific pyruvate transpoer, where it is conveed to acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexQ. | 156,463 | medmcqa_train |
Pleomorphism is most commonly seen in: | H. influenzae | 156,464 | medmcqa_train |
Drugs causing macular toxicity when given intiavitreally- | Ref:comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana 4th edition page no :152 Gentamycin is 4 times more retinotoxic (causes macular infarction) than amikacin. Preferably the aminoglycosides should be avoided. | 156,465 | medmcqa_train |
The recently approved antiepileptic drug lacosamide acts by: | (Ref: Katzung, 14th ed. pg. 417)* CRMP is Collapsing Response Mediator Protein, which causes neuronal excitotoxicity by releasing BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor).* The drug Lacosamide acts by inhibiting CRMP protein, thereby causing protective action against neuronal excitotoxicity. | 156,466 | medmcqa_train |
Radioisotopes used in Myocardial perfusion imaging: Thallium 201 18 FDG PET Tc-99m Sestamibi Tc-99m Pyrophosphate Tetrafosmin N-13 Ammonium | - Thallium-201, Sestamibi, Tetrofosmin scan are used for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. - Pyrophosphate scan for Myocardial Infarction. - 18 FDG PET is used to detect Myocardial Viability - N-13ammoniaPETmyocardial perfusion imaging(MPI) yields larger stressperfusiondefects than dipyridamole stress and might reflect the... | 156,467 | medmcqa_train |
Sensitivity of chemoreceptors in COPD | The main chemoreceptors involved in respiratory feedback are: Central chemoreceptors: These are located on the ventrolateral surface of medulla oblongata and detect changes in the pH of spinal fluid. They can be desensitized over time from chronic hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and increased carbon dioxide Ref: guyton and... | 156,468 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is the most impoant neurotransmitter deficient in the coex of patients with Alzheimer's Disease | Answer is A (Acetylcholine):The most impoant biochemical abnormality in Alzheimer's disease is the decrease in coical levels of AcetylcholineBiochemically Alzheimer's disease is associated with a decrease in the coical levels of several proteins and neurotransmitters especially acetylcholine, its synthetic enzyme choli... | 156,469 | medmcqa_train |
The most useful incision in the operating room for patients with penetrating pericardium injury is | The subxiphoid incision is useful for determining if there is blood in the pericardium and if there is an intracardiac injury; however, exposure is extremely limited, and definitive repair can rarely be performed through the incision. Left (or right) anterior thoracotomy is easily performed, especially in the emergency... | 156,470 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following organisms is visualized by gram staining: | Ans: b (Borrelia)Ref: Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology, 8th ed.* Treponema - do not stain by ordinary method. Prolonged Giemsa, Fontana or Levaditis method is used* Mycoplasma - has no cell wall. So they are gram negative but are better stained by Giemsa* Mycobacterium-resist decolonisation by alco... | 156,471 | medmcqa_train |
Deficiency of the following vitamin is most commonly seen in sho bowel syndrome ileal resection | If the distal 2/3rd of the ileum is including the ileocecal valve is resected, significant abnormalities of absorption of bike salts and Vitamin B12 may occur resulting in diarrhoea and anaemia. These abnormalities occur even though only 25% of total length of the small bowel is removed Proximal bowel resection is bett... | 156,472 | medmcqa_train |
Shawl sign is seen in - | Shawl signConfluent macular violaceous erythema on the posterior neck and shoulders in patients of dermatomyositis is called Shawl sign. IADVL textbook of dermatology page 1246 | 156,473 | medmcqa_train |
Live vaccines are | BCG consists of living bacteria derived from an attenuated bovine strain of tubercle bacilli. The bacilli used for vaccine production are descendants of the original Calmette strain of BCG (refer pgno:196 park 23rd edition) | 156,474 | medmcqa_train |
Prolonged QT interval is not seen in | Hypercalcemia: The most common ECG findings of hypercalcemia are a sho QT interval secondary to a shoened ST segment. There may also be a widened or flattened T wave; however, significant hypercalcemia can cause ECG changes that mimic an acute myocardial infarction cuases of prolonged QT Bradycardia Central Nervous Sys... | 156,475 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is diagnostic of GDM by 75 g GTT as per NICE 2015 criteria? | Ans. is c, i.e. Fasting blood glucose 5.6 mmol/LNICE 2015 guidelines for diagnosing Gestational diabetesGestational DiabetesDiagnose gestational diabetes if the woman has either:-A fasting plasma glucose level of 5.6 mmol/litre or above or-A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 7.8 mmol/litre or above. Also know - Metabolic ... | 156,476 | medmcqa_train |
In facial nerve injury, loss of lacrimation is due to involvement of- | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Greater superficial petrosal nerve o In facial nerve injuryLoss of lacrimation Due to involvment of greater superficial petrosal nerve.Loss of stapedial reflex Due to involvement of nerve to stapedius.Lack of salivation Due to chordatympani.Loss of taste sensation from Anterior 2/3 of tongue: - due to... | 156,477 | medmcqa_train |
Polypeptide chain termination is enhanced by | Termination requires stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA) and releasing factors .
Peptidyl transferase is also required which along with releasing factor hydrolyses peptide bond between tRNA at 'P' site and promotes the release of a newly synthesized polypeptide chain from ‘P’ site. | 156,478 | medmcqa_train |
Trauma from occlusion causes all except: | Clinical features of TFO
Mobility (progressive)
Pain on chewing or percussion
Fremitus
Occlusal prematurities/discrepancies
Wear facets in the presence of other clinical indicators
Tooth migration
Chipped or fractured tooth (teeth)
Thermal sensitivity
Key notes :
TFO hardly affects the gingival soft tissues. | 156,479 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is essential for tumor metastasis | Ref Harrison 17/e p 509; Robbins 9/e p305_306 Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other pas of the body ,the bloodstream or the lympatic system ,to do so malignant cells break away from the primary tumor and degrade protein of the extacellular matri... | 156,480 | medmcqa_train |
Fatal dose of methanol : | C i.e. 60-250 ml | 156,481 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following immunohistochemical markers are positive in the neoplotic cells of granulocytic sarcoma, EXCEPT: | A variety of markers for myeloid precursors in granulocytic sarcoma are identified. CD43, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and CD 15 are the most sensitive markers staining a large propoion of the cells of the majority of well-differentiated tumors. CD 45 RO is not mentioned as a immunohistochemical marker of granulocytic sar... | 156,482 | medmcqa_train |
Response to iron in iron deficiency anemia is denoted by? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Reticulocytosis Response to iron therapy When specific iron therapy is given, patients often show rapid subjective improvement, with disappearance or marked diminution of fatigue, lassitude, and other non-specific symptoms. This response may occur before any improvment in anemia is observed. The earli... | 156,483 | medmcqa_train |
Which organism causes toxin shock syndrome ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Staphylococcus aureus Toxic shock syndrome TSS is a potentially fatal multisystem disease characterized by sudden high fever, fainting, watery diarrhea, headache and muscle ache. There are two types of TSS :? 1. Staphylococcal TSS Staphylococcal TSS results from the elaboration of toxic shock syndrome... | 156,484 | medmcqa_train |
Busacca and Koeppe&;s nodules are characteristically seen in | Non-granulomatous uveitisGranulomatous uveitisBehcet disease HLA - B27 associated ankylosing spondylitis Reiter syndrome Inflammatory bowel disease Idiopathic Infections - Lyme disease, Kawasaki disease, rickettsia, mumps, measles, Chlamydia, influenza, adenovirusPsoriatic ahritis Secondary syphilis Trauma UGH syndrome... | 156,485 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following centers are involved in maintaining the circadian rhythm? | The entrainment process in most cases is dependent on the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) located bilaterally above the optic chiasma. Efferents from the SCN initiate neural and hormonal signals that enteain a wide variety of well known circadian rhythms including the sleep wake cycle and the secretion of the pineal hormo... | 156,486 | medmcqa_train |
P-value is the probability of - | • P-value:
– Is the ‘Probability of Type I error’ (Null hypothesis is true but rejected)
– Significance (a) level: is the maximum tolerable probability of Type I error
– P- value is calculated (on basis of data while Alpha is fixed in advance: by the choice of level of significance employed in the test
– P – value calc... | 156,487 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following is not a prefabricated pontic: | Example of prefabricated pontics are:
Trupontic, Long pin facing,
Flatback, Sanitary facings, Reverse pin facing, Pontips. | 156,488 | medmcqa_train |
Pneumatocele is caused by? | Ans. A. Staphylococcus aureus* S. aureus is a cause of serious respiratory tract infections in newborns and infants; these infections present as shortness of breath, fever, and respiratory failure.* Chest X-ray may reveal pneumatocele (shaggy, thin- walled cavities). Pneumothorax and empyema are recognized complication... | 156,489 | medmcqa_train |
Psychosurgery is used in ? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., OCD | 156,490 | medmcqa_train |
Odynophagia means: | Ans. a (Pain during swallowing). (Ref. Diseases of ENT by PL Dhingra /3rd 402, 444)TermDefinationOdynophagiapainful deglutition.Dysphagiadifficulty in deglutition.Dysphagia lusoriaesophageal compression due to aberrant vessel, leading to dysphagia.Globus hystericusa psychiatric condition characterized by dysphagia.Hali... | 156,491 | medmcqa_train |
In oral poisoning with carbamate insecticides, .............................. may be hazardous: | Oximes are ineffective in carbamate poisoning. Rather, these can worsen the poisoning due to weak anticholinesterase activity of its own. | 156,492 | medmcqa_train |
Which of the following muscle is not supplied by Recurrent Laryngeal nerve: (PGI Dec 2008) | Ans: D (Cricothyroid) Nerve Supply of LarynxMotorAll the muscle which move the vocal cords (Abductor0- posterior cricoarytenoid; adductorQ-Lateral cricoarytenoid, Interarytenoid & thyroarytenoid: tensorQ-Cricothyroid, vocalis) are supplied by Recurrent Laryngeal nerve1'except the cricothyroid muscle. The latter receive... | 156,493 | medmcqa_train |
All of the following clinicopathologic features are seen more often in seminomas as compared to nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis except | While hCG concentration may be inceased in patients with either nonseminoma or seminoma histology, the AFP concentration is increased only in patietns with nonseminoma." - Harrison Seminomas represent about 50% of all Germ cell tumors of testis. Median age is 4th decade (Nonseminomas are most frequent in the 3rd decade... | 156,494 | medmcqa_train |
Chances of adverse outcome in a hea disease patient are increased in all of the following periods except | Period of pregnancy during which a hea disease patient has high chance of adverse outcome 12 to 16 wks of pregnancy 28 to 32 wks of pregnancy During Labor Immediately after delivery-Maximum deaths 4 to 5 days after delivery Reference: William's Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 49 | 156,495 | medmcqa_train |
Which ofthe following drugs is used for Irritable Bowel Syndrome of the constipating type- | Management of IBS The most impoant steps are to make a positive diagnosis and reassure the patient. Many people are concerned that they have developed cancer. A cycle of anxiety leading to colonic symptoms, which fuher heighten anxiety, can be broken by explaining that symptoms are not due to a serious underlying disea... | 156,496 | medmcqa_train |
Treatment of AIDS include | (2 Reverse transcriptase inhibitors + 1 Protease inhibitors) (1124-H) (1197-1201-300-CMDT-09) (1190- H17th)Currently licenced drugs for the treatment of HIV infections fall into three categories: those that inhibit the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme: those that inhibit the viral protease enzymes, and those that int... | 156,497 | medmcqa_train |
Eye signs can be seen in : | Toxic goitres are broadly of two distinct types: Primary & Secondary. | 156,498 | medmcqa_train |
Child belongs toBihar Shows hypopigmented patches over his face. What is the right diagnosis? | As the child belongs to an endemic area, So our answer is inclined for Leprosy. The disease is clinically characterized by one or more of the three cardinal signs: hypopigmented or erythematous skin patches with definite loss of sensation, thickened peripheral nerves, and acid-fast bacilli detected on skin smears or bi... | 156,499 | medmcqa_train |
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