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A 5-year-old child refuses to sleep in his bed, claiming there are monsters in his closet and that he has bad dreams. The parents allow him to sleep with them in their bed to avoid the otherwise inevitable screaming fit. The parents note that the child sleeps soundly, waking only at sunrise. Choose the sleep disturbanc...
Sleep disturbances are fairly common in childhood. Many children resist going to bed, and parents frequently give in just to get the child to sleep by allowing the child to sleep in the parents' bed or allowing them to stay up late. Unfortunately, children learn remarkably well how to get what they want, and the parent...
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Monetary benefit is measured in
ref : park 21st ed
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A 26-year-old woman complains of early fatigue and weakness in doing strenuous activity. Her symptoms are worse near the end of the day. She appears well, muscle bulk, tone, and reflexes are normal. Handgrip strength decreases with repetitive testing.For the above patient with muscle weakness, select the most likely an...
Diurnal fluctuations and pathologic fatigue are common in disorders of neuromuscular transmission (e.g., myasthenia gravis). (Ropper, pp. 1250-1251)
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Reichert-Meissl number:
Ans. A. 0.1NKOHReichert-Meissl number is defined as the number of moles of 0.1NKOH required to Completely neutralize the soluble volatile fatty acids distilled from 5g fat.
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This kind of graph can be seen in all of the following condition except
In hyperventilation the EtCO2 value will decrease. Increases ETCO2 is seen in thyrotoxicosis, fever (increased CO2production) and high spinal anesthesia (alveolar hypoventilation). Factors affecting ETCO2 Increased ETCO2 Decreased ETCO2 Metabolism Hypehermia Fever Thyrotoxicosis Pain Shivering Metabolism Hypothermia Me...
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A patient was hospitalized after an automobile accident. The wounds became infected and the patient was treated with tobramycin, carbenicillin, and clindamycin. Five days after antibiotic therapy was initiated, the patient developed severe diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Antibioticassociated diarrhea and t...
Patients treated with antibiotics develop diarrhea that, in most cases, is self-limiting. However, in some instances, paicularly in those patients treated with ampicillin or clindamycin, a severe, life-threatening pseudomembranous enterocolitis develops. This disease has characteristic histopathology, and membranous pl...
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Which of the following muscle is derived from 1st pharyngeal arch ? (2019)
.
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Which of the following is an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder -
Mutations involving single genes follow one of three patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Familial hypercholesterolemia Huntington disease Marfan syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Hereditary spherocytosis Neurofibromatosis, type 1 Adult polycystic k...
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Which of the following statements is true about capillaries
Capillaries contain 5% of the blood volume.
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A Patient falls down often with behavioral change and enuresis. What is the condition associated with him?
Ans- B. Normal pressure hydrocephalus Frontotemporal dementia - Associated with poor behavioral control, decision making, and language.Normal-pressure hydrocephalus - Associated with gait disturbance, behavioural change, enuresis, and dementia.Parkinson's disease - Associated with tremor and muscular stiffnessAlzheimer...
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Life spon of a housefly ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 15-20 days Houseflies 'Houseflies should be regarded as a sign of insanitation' and their number as index of that sanitation. Impoant species : Musca domestica, M. vicinia, M. nebula, M. sorbens Life span : 15-25 days Eggs : 8-24 hours Larvae (maggots) : 2-7 days Pupae : 3-6 days Adults : 5-20 days Im...
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Threshold radiation dose for hematological syndrome is?
Ans. is'a'i.e., 2 GyBone marrow or hematological syndrome:- Full syndrome occurs with a dose between 0.7 and 3 Gy (70-300 rads).The destruction of bone marrow cells results in pancytopenia.
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Causes of reduced bioavailability of a drug includes
When the metabolism of a drug is high during its passage from the site of absorption into the systemic circulation, the rate, and extent of absorption of that drug decreases. absorption- amount of drug reaching the systemic circulation from the site of administration (Ref.Essentials of medical pharmacology TD Tripathi ...
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Which strain of streptococci is implicated in neonatal meningitis is:
Group-B
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ASO (Antistreptolysin o) test Is used for the diagnosis of-
Ref: R Alagappan - Manual of Practical Medicine 4th Edition.pg no:146-147 Jones Criteria for Diagnosis of Rheumatic Fever Major Criteria Carditis Pancarditis, seen in 50-60% of patients, develops within the first 2 weeks of rheumatic fever. Pericarditis is evidenced by presence of a pericardial rub, myocarditis by tach...
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All the following enzymes are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics except
Oxidation, reduction, and hydroxylation are phase 1 reactionsCyp. 450 is the most common enzyme involved in the metabolism of various drugs in phase 1 and phase 2.Methylase - phase 2 reactionRef: Goodman Gillman 11th ed, pg 71
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Which of the following sites is not involved in a posterior cerebral aery infarct:
Answer is D (Anterior Coex) : Anterior Coex (Frontal lobe) is not involved in posterior cerebral aery infarct Posterior Cerebral Aery infarcts The posterior Cerebral Aery supplies the midbrain, thalamus, lateral geniculate bodies, posterior poion of choroid plexus, occipital lobes, inferior and medial aspect of the tem...
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For a weight of 98 kgs and height of 175 cms, BMI is:
32
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Highest fat content is present in:
Fat content of food items: Food item Fat content Jowar 4% Bajra 6.5% - Highest fat content Rice 3% Wheat 3%
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Most accurate treatment of erectile dysfunction:
A i.e. SildenafilSildenafil is only approved & effective oral agent for erectile dysfunctionQ. It is useful in wide range of e.d.including - pyschogenic, diabetogenic, vasculogenic, post radical prostatectomy (nerve sparing procedure) & spinal cord injury.It acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase - 5 (PDE-5)Q & releasing...
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Secondary amyloidosis complicates which of the following
Ref Robbins 9/e p257;8/e p253;7/e p261 TB , bronchiectasis and chronic osteomyelitis were the most impoant underlying conditions but with the advent of effective antimicrobial chemotherapy the connective tissue disorders such as rheumatoid ahritis , ankylosing spondylitis and inflammation bowel disease . paicularly cro...
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A patient underwent breast conservation surgery for 3 cm lesion along with sentinel lymph node biopsy., which showed one-third of sentinel lymph nodes are positive for macrometastasis. Next step is
Lymphatic metastasis in Carcinoma Breast: Lymphatic spread in CA breast occurs through subareolar lymphatic plexus of Sappey&;s lymphatic plexus, cutaneous lymphatics & inflammatory lymphatics. Lymphatic metastasis occurs primarily to the axillary (75%) & internal mammary lymph nodes. Tumors in the posterior one-third ...
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“Smack” is the “common” name for
Heroin or di-acetyl-morphine is about two times more potent than morphine in injectable form. Apart from the parenteral mode of administration, heroin can also be smoked or ‘chased’ ( chasing the dragon), often in an impure form (called ‘ smack’ or ‘ brown sugar’ in India). Heroin is more addicting than morphine and c...
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All of the following are signs of uterine scar dehiscence except: September 2009
Ans. C: Strong Uterine Contractions The signs and symptoms of uterine rupture largely depend on the timing, site, and extent of the uterine defect. Uterine rupture at the site of a previous uterine scar is typically less violent and less dramatic than a spontaneous or traumatic rupture because the scar is relatively av...
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Young female with 3 day fever presents with headache, BP 90/60 mmHg, Hea rate of 114/min, and pin point spots developed distal to BP cuff. Most likely organism is:
Ans. (c). i.e. N. meningitidis The patient here is under state of shock (hypotension, tachycardia) in conjunction with meningitis (headache fever)and rash. Meningococcal meningitis is the most common meningitis complicated by shock. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Rash A nonblanching rash (petechial or ...
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The most impoant cells in type I hypersensitivity
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Mast cells Type I hypersensitivity (Immediate hypersensitivity) o It is a rapidly developing immunological reaction occuring within minutes after the combination of an antigen with antibody bound to mast cells in individuals previously sensitized to the antigen. o Immediate hypersensitivity reactions ...
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Atrial fibrillation may occur in all the following conditions, except-
Answer is B (Hypothroidism) Atrial Fibrillation is associated with hypehyroidism and not hypothyroidism Impoant causes of Atrial Fibrillation Cardiovascular causes of Atrial Fibrillation Rheumatic Hea disease (Includes mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation) Non Rheumatic Mitral valve disease Chronic Hypeension Cardi...
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High Glycemic index is defined as value more than?
High Glycemic index foods have values of 70 or greater and include baked potato, white bread and white rice. Low Glycemic index foods have values of 55 or lesser and include multi grain breads, pasta, legumes.
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Threshold of hearing in a young normal adult is ?
Ans. is'a'i.e.,0 dBAudiometric zeroThreshold of hearing, i.e. The faintest intensity which a normal healthy person can hear will vary from person to person.The International Standards Organisation (ISO) adopted a standard for this, which is represented as the zero level on the audiometer (0 dB).According to ISO, audiom...
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A 4 years old child suffered from a fall on outstretched hand. X rays revealed a fracture with the fracture line at the physes with a small metaphyseal fragment. There was no epiphyseal fracture. What type of injury by Salter harris Classification is this?
(Refer: Mohindra’s Fundamentals of Orthopedics, 2nd edition, pg no. 510) Type II: the fracture involves the physis and a triangle of metaphyseal bone (Thurston Holland sign).  This is the commonest type of epiphyseal injury accounting for 73 percent of cases over 10 years of age.
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Positive hepatojugular reflux is found in all of the following conditions except -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Associated with decreased afterload [Ref: CMDT 2007p. 318; British Medical Journal May 1999\ Hepatojugular refluxThis is done by applying firm pressure with the palm of the hand to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen for 10- 30 seconds with the patients breathing quietly while the jugular vein is ...
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A neurodevelopmental disorder which is characterized by impaired social interaction, impaired verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior is description for:
Autistic disorder (childhood autism) Social deficits. Examples include babies who don't like being held, and also reduced eye contact, unusual facial expressions, lack of gestures, poor understanding of others' feelings, lack of empathy, and few peer relationships. Communication deficits. Speech in autistic children sh...
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Adrenal aldosteronoma is best diagnosed by -
Ans is option 1 HRCT The usual screening test is to measure the serum potassium level. If it is low, diagnostic tests are done including measuring blood and urinary aldosterone levels and blood renin levels. In Conn's syndrome, the aldosterone is elevated and the renin is suppressed. If these tests are diagnostic then ...
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A 70 year old male chronic smoker is diagnosed of having cancer of the urinary bladder. It is confined to the trigone and extention is upto the submucosa. The management would be
Answer- B. Complete transurethral resection with intravesical chemotherapyTreatment-T1Complete TUR followed by intravesical chemo- or immunotherapy or radical cystectomy
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Weakness of extensor Hallucis longus is due to which nerve root mainly?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., L5 Important muscles and their chief myotomesMuscleMyotomeExtensor Hallucis LongusL5Tibialis anteriorL4Flexor Hallucis LongusS1GastrosoleusS1Gluteus Medius and MinimusL5Gluteus MaximusS1Quadriceps FemorisL3
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Which of the following is not branch of the basilar aery ?
Posterior communicating aery is a branch of internal carotid aery. The other branches of basilar aery are: Superior cerebellar aery Posterior cerebral aeries . The branches of cerebral pa of internal carotid aery are: Ophthalmic aery Anterior cerebral aery Middle cerebral aery Posterior communicating aery Anterior chor...
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In ACLS which drug can be given following ventricular fibrillation after cardiac arrest other than epinephrine?
V-Fib or VF is the most common rhythm that occurs immediately after cardiac arrest. In this rhythm, the hea beats with rapid, erratic electrical impulses. Treatment: * Shock / Defibrillation: every 2 minutes in a single one shock, successive, shockable increments * 200 joules - Followed by immediate CPR for 2 minutes /...
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Gas gangrene is due to
The alpha-toxin is produced by all types of Clostridium perfringens and most abundantly by type A strains. This is the most impoant toxin biologically and is responsible for the profound toxemia of gas gangrene. It is lethal, dermonecrotic and hemolytic. It is phospholipids which, in the presence of calcium and magnesi...
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Which drug causes osteoporosis on long-term use
Ans. is 'c' i.e., GnRH analogues Drugs causing osteoporosis : o Glucocoicoids o Cytotoxic drugs o Excessive alcohol intake o Excessive thyroxine o Heparin o Cyclosporine o Anticonvulsants o Aluminum o GnRH agonist o Lithium
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Fletcher's medium containing Rabbit serum is used for ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Leptospira Media for the culture of leptospirae usually contain either rabbit serum (Flatcher medium, stua broth) or bovine serum albumin (EMJH medium plus long - chain fatty acids and vitamins (B1 & B12).
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A blood stained discharge from the nipple indicates -
"Bloody discharge is more suggestive of cancer but is usually caused by a benign papilloma in the duct." - CSDT "Intraductal papilloma is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge." — Schwartz 7/e p 553 Also, remember Nipple discharge is suggestive of cancer if it is spontaneous, unilateral, localized to a sin...
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The following separation technique depends on the molecular size of the protein
Answer is C Size-exclusion--or gel filtration--chromatography separates proteins based on their Stokes radius, the radius of the sphere they occupy as they tumble in a solution. The stokes radius is a function of molecular mass and shape. When rapidly tumbling, an elongated protein occupies a larger effective volume th...
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Stimulation of which of the following nerves cause improvement in mood?
2 Advanced treatment options for depression: Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A number of clinical studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has antidepressant effects in patients with depression resistant to four or more treatments. Improvement with VNS result in enhanced neurocognitive function in many patients. ...
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Not true about experimental study
Experimental epidemiology meant the study of epidemics among colonies of experimental animals such as rats and mice ( refer pg: 80, park 23 rd edition)
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All of the following are used to assess the nutritional status of an individual, except -
Serum immunoglobulin is not a measure to assess the nutritional status. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 586
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Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is preferred to Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in:
Answer is D (Evaluation of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi) Trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is preferred to Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for smaller, atrial and posterior masses such as the Left Atrial Appendage Thrombi. TTE is the standard test for the noninvasive evaluation of pericardial disease. Identifi...
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Child with h/o hypopigmented macule on back, infantile spasm and delayed milestone has
C i.e. Tuberous sclerosis
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Diuretic causing impaired glucose tolerance is ?
Ans. is'd'i.e., ThiazideRef KDT &/e p. 567; Katung If le p. 261Diuretics causing hyperglycemia are loop diuretics (furosemide) and thiazide diuretics.
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Causes of community-acquired native valve endocarditis are
Streptococcus viridans is a group which normally resides in the mouth and upper respiratory tract and is alpha hemolytic. In persons with pre-existing cardiac lesions, they may cause bacterial endocarditis, Streptococcus sanguis being most often responsible. Following tooth extraction or dental procedures, they cause t...
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Which of the following is the mechanism of action of methyl dopa?
So, both the Methyl dopa & clonidine are used as Anti- hypeensive drugs. KEY POINTS ABOUT METHYL DOPA It's a prodrug DOC in pregnancy induced hypeension (but if both Labetalol and Methyl dopa are given in option mark Labetalol as the drug of choice S/E of Methyl Dopa - Hemolytic Anemia
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Rickettsial pox is caused by ?
Rickettsial pox caused by R.akari Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 316
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Elements of primary health care include all except:
Elements of Primary Health Care:  E - Health Education (health problem & control).  L - Locally Endemic disease (prevention & control).  E - Essential drugs.  M - MCH (Maternal & Child Health) including FP.  E - EPI (Immunization against 6 Vaccine Preventable Diseases).  N - Nutrition/ food supply.  T - Treatment of co...
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A newborn presenting with intestinal obstruction showed on abdominal X-ray, multiple air fluid levels. The diagnosis is not likely to be -
Ans- A Question ask -The diagnosis is not likely to be
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Both hepatic and renal failures can be
D i.e. All Both hepatic and renal failure can be caused by Paracetamol, Carbon tetrachloride, Arsenic, CuSO4, & Mushroom poisoningQ
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In which type of poisonings is gastric lavage contraindicated?
Ans. C. Corrosive acid poisoningGastric Lavage is contraindicated when patients havea. Corrosive substance poisoningb. Convulsion (strychnine, tetanus)c. Comad. Volatile poisons (kerosene)e. Hypothermiaf. patients at risk of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or perforation.g. aluminum phosphide poisoning
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True about atopic dermatitis are all except -
Mica like scales are characteristic of pityriasis lichenoidis chronica(PLC) Pruritus,scratching and Xe rosins are the features of atopic dermatitis. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2341
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A disease that produces decreased inhibitory input to the internal segment of the globus pallidus should have what effect on the motor area of the cerebral coex
The decrease in inhibition of globus pallidus internus will make its signals more strong.Globus pallidus internus inhibits thalamus. so inhibition of thalamus increases.Thalamus have an excitatory effect on motor coex, this signal is decreased as thalamus is inhibited.
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Kernicterus is invariably associated with
Inherited Unconjugated HyperbilirubinemiaCrigler Najjar Type - 1 Crigler Najjar Type - 2Persistence of unconjugated bilirubin > 20mg/dl after 1st week in the absence of hemolysis suggests CN-1.KERNICTERUS -usual UDPGT activity reduced.Autosomal recessive.Rx - Phototherapy.Heme oxygenase inhibition by metalloporphyrin t...
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The most appropriate technique for mammography is:
Ans. (b) Medio lateral oblique viewRef: Harrison 19th ed. / 525There are numerous mammography views that can broadly be split into two groups* Standard views- Medio-Lateral, Medio-lateral oblique, Craniocaudal* Supplementary views - Additional information or problem solving# The mediolateral oblique (MLO) view is one o...
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In microcornea, diameter of cornea is less than:
Ans. 10 mm
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A 3-week-female infant is brought for ambiguous genitalia and hyperpigmentation of skin. She has hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. 21 hydroxylase deficiency(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2227-2729, Ghai 8/e p 525)The given clinical scenario of ambiguous genitalia, hyperpigmentation and electrolyte disturbances suggest a diagnosis of CAH due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency.Features Seen in Adrenal Enzyme Deficiency17-a-hydroxylase11-b hydroxylase21 hydroxyl...
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Death of a person due to compressing of neck by another person is:
Ans. b (Throttling). (Ref. Textbook of FMT by Parikh 6th ed. 3.53)Throttlingis defined as a form of strangulation effected by hand, and is therefore often called manual strangulation.Mugging (choke-hold)When strangulation is effected by compressing the victim's neck against forearm.GarrotingVictim is attacked from back...
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Infection with herpes simplex virus, a common human pathogen, is best described by which of the following statements?
The initial infection by herpes simplex virus is often inapparent and occurs through a break in the skin or mucous membranes, such as in the eye, throat, or genitals. Latent infection often persists at the initial site despite high antibody titers. Recurrent disease can be triggered by temperature change, emotional dis...
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Increase is Pauwel's angle indicate -
*The more the angle, the more unstable is the fracture, and worse the prognosis. Ref: Maheshwari 9th/e p.132,133& 4th/e p.129
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Investigation of choice of diphtheria carrier is -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Throat Swab Culture Carriers can be detected only by cultural methods --> Swabs are taken from nose and throat and it is examined by cultural methods for Diphtheria bacilli
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Ergot alkaloid commonly used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage is :
Methylergometrine (methergine) is administered during delivery of anterior shoulder to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.
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True about hyperkalemia -
Classically, the electrocardiographic manifestations in hyperkalemia progress from tall peaked T waves (5.5-6.5 mM), to a loss of P waves (6.5-7.5 mM) to a widened QRS complex (7.0-8.0 mM), and, ultimately, a to a sine wave pattern (>8.0 mM). However, these changes are notoriously insensitive, paicularly in patients wi...
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With couinaud's segment nomenclature, which one the following segments of liver has an independent vascularization
Segment I is the caudate lobe and is situated posterior l and it may receive its supply from both the right and the left branches of poal vein. It contains one or more hepatic veins which drain directly into the IVC Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno : 1422
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The mechanism of action of surfactant is
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Breaks the structure of water in the alveoli The water molecules on the surface of water (at air-water interphase) have an especially strong attraction for one another. This results in the water surface to contract producing surface tension.Thus the water molecules lining the alveoli produce an elastic...
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Cell lining of common bile duct is :
Ans. 4. Simple columnar > 3. Simple cuboidal Cell lining of common bile duct is simple columnar epithelium, it may be cuboidal at the proximal region. The Intrahepatic ducts, cystic duct, and the common bile duct are lined by tall columnar epithelium. Ducts are usually lined by simple cuboidal epithelium, which differe...
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In tetany the increased membrane excitability is caused by:
Membrane excitability is related to the ease with which depolarization opens Na+ channels. The opening of the Na+ channel in response to depolarization is, in pa, related to the extracellular Ca2+ concentration; the lower the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, the easier it is for Na + channels to open when the membrane...
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Which of the following is true regarding cardiac MRI
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Viable myocardium can be differentiated from infarcted myocardium.Infarcted myocardium appears hypointense on T1-MRI and hyperintense on T2-MRIViable myocardium can be easily differentiated from infarcted tissue.Prosthetic hea valves are a relative contraindications for MRI.Multislice CT is a better m...
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Day light factor in living room should he?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 8%
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Cathelicidins are rich in which of the following amino acid?
Microbial killing can also occur through the action of other substances in leukocyte granules. Cationic arginine-rich granule peptides that are toxic to microbes; cathelicidins is present in leukocyte granules. Ref: Robbins 8th edition, Chapter 2.
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Neonate triangular cord sign on USG is seen in –
Triangular cord sign is seen in biliary ateria due to fibrosis.
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Peyronie's disease affects the -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Penis
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A 67-year-old man with an 18-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents for a routine physical examination. His temperature is 36.9 C (98.5 F), his blood pressure is 158/98 mm Hg and his pulse is 82/minute and regular. On examination, the physician notes a non tender, pulsatile, mass in the mid-abdomen. A plain ...
Increased blood pressure is a strong risk factor for atherosclerosis, and humans pay a price for their erect sitting and standing postures. In these postures, the abdominal aoa experiences the weight of a column of blood added to the pressure produced by the hea. In the supine posture, the pressures in the thoracic and...
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Most important from of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood
The route by which most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the bloodstream. Once dissolved in the blood plasma, carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which immediately ionizes into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ions serve as part of the alkaline reserve.
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A 45 year old comes with symptoms of septic ahritis. What will be the most common cause in this patient?
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common (about 90%) organism isolated in septic ahritis in adults. In neonates joint sepsis is caused by S. aureus with group B streptococci being the next most common. In young children aged 2 months to 2 years, S. aureus, Streptococcus and Haemophilus influenza in an decreasing order....
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Which of the following therapeutic index (T.I.) values represent the greatest safety profile for a drug?
Although factors such as idiosyncratic reactions or allergic reactions can contribute to the overall safety profile of a drug, the therapeutic index gives a reliable indication of the drugs safety margin if other considerations are assumed to be equal. The therapeutic index represents the ratio between the median letha...
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Mechanism of analgesia is by
The degree to which a person reacts to pain varies tremendously. This variation results paly from a capability of the brain itself to suppress input of pain signals to thenervous system by activating a pain control system called an analgesia system. The analgesia system consists of three major components: (1) The peria...
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Investigation of choice in a pregnant lady at 16 weeks of pregnancy with past H/0 delivering a baby with Downs syndrome:
Dual marker and Triple marker tests are screening tests and since the patient here already has a past history of Downs syndrome fetus, she is at an increased risk of having an aneuploid fetus again, so it is advisable to undergo a diagnostic procedure rather than a screening test. Fetal chromosomes can be assessed only...
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Collection duct has which cells
Ans. (a) Principal and intercalated(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.672)Colleting duct is made up of two types of cell: principal cells (P cells) and intercalated cells (I cells)
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In a population of 200 people with normal distribution. How many people would be included in 1 SD
Ans. a. 136
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If the prevalence of a disease in a population increases, the predictive value of a positive test ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increases
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Which of the following is TRUE differential cause of referred otalgia?
Otalgia can occur as a symptom of carcinoma on the base of tongue, pharynx or larynx. Ear receives nerve supply from 4 cranial nerves such as trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus; and from two branches of cervical plexus called C2 (lesser occipital) and C2 and C3 (greater auricular), pain maybe referred from ...
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Child with generalized petechiae. CSF shows gram negative diplococci. Treatment
Most patients (70-80%) presenting with fever and petechiae have defined or presumed viral infections, which are often caused by enteroviruses or adenovirus. Parvovirus B19 may also be responsible for many cases of fever and generalized petechiae inchildren. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
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An elderly couple living in a very cold apament turned on the oven, opened the oven door, and went to sleep. The next morning, the neighbors found the couple dead. The direct mechanism by which death was caused most likely involves which of the following?
The scenario described in the question stem is unfounately not at all uncommon. The open oven door is a tip-off that carbon monoxide was involved. Carbon monoxide has a very high affinity for hemoglobin, and binds, nearly irreversibly, to it in such a manner that oxygen cannot bind, drastically decreasing the oxygen-ca...
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Cholinesterase is seen in venom of: DNB 08
Ans. Elapids
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The following are the components of apgar score except
*Apgar score is an objective method of evaluating the newborn&;s condition. It includes Hea rate, Respiratory effo, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability and Color. *It is generally performed at 1min and again at 5 min after bih. Reference : page 127 Ghai Essential Pediatrics 9 th edition
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Anaesthetic agent causing hallucination is
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Ketamine Ketamine is an analogue of phencyclidine and therefore it causes hallucinations.Facts you must always remember about Ketamine.It causes Dissociative Anaesthesia *It causes sympathetic stimulation which leads to* Cardiac stimulation-increase O2 demand** Bronchodilation-it is anaesthetic of choi...
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When is surgery not done in cases of Ulcerative Colitis?
Surgical indications for ulcerative colitis: Urgent Non-urgent: Fulminant colitis Toxic megacolon Perforation Massive hemorrhage Acute colonic obstruction Colon cancer Medically refractory disease Unacceptable medication related toxicity Dysplasia Suspected ca Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease MC pa involved is Rectum...
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In contrast to heparin, enoxaparin:
Enoxaprin is a LMW heparin. It does not require monitoring. Both heparin as well as enoxaprin do not cross placenta and are not teratogenic.
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Cigar body is seen in -
Cigar shaped yeast cells are seen in sporothrix schenkii which is a dimorphic fungus. at 37 degree C - it is yeast at 25 degree C - it is mold Flower like sporulation appearance is seen in mould form of the sporothrix Sporotrichosis ( Rose gardener's disease)
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Ultrasound frequency used for diagnostic purposes in obstetrics :
A i.e. 1-20 MHz
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation is present in all except -
Ans: A
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What is ligament of lockwood related to
Ans. (c) OrbitRef: Khurana Anatomy 2/e, p. 493It is a fascial expansion of the extraocular muscles formed by fusion of sheaths of MR, IR, LR, IO extending from the posterior lacrimal crest to the lateral orbital margin.
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Why is a child abler to breathe and suckle at the same time
High placed larynx A baby can suck milk into mouth and because of its palate its mouth is separated from its nasal cavity so white it is sucking in milk it can also breathe through its nose. When the infant has to swallow the soft palate rapidly moves upward to close off the hack of the nasal air tube. At the same time...
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Fatty liver with hepatomegaly is seen in:
OPTION B: Metabolic syndrome - Obesity - Fatty liver Option A: Marasmus do not have hepatomegaly rather kwashiorkor will have hepatomegaly Option C: Wilson disease leads to Cirrhosis Option D: Nutmeg liver leads to Cirrhosis Best test for fatty liver = Gamma GGT Alcoholic liver disease + fatty liver - Best Test - SGOT ...
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Prognosis for carcinoma rectum is best assessed by -
No effect on Prognosis: Tumor size and duration of symptoms. Tumor size and configuration (endophytic, exophytic, annular) do not carry any prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma.
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