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Stretch reflex of bladder is integrated at
The bladder smooth muscle has some inherent contractile activity; however, when its nerve supply is intact, stretch receptors in the bladder wall initiate a reflex contraction that has a lower threshold than the inherent contractile response of the muscle. Fibers in the pelvic nerves are the afferent limb of the voidin...
18,900
medmcqa_train
Human communicating nerve is found in which organ
LarynxThe internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is joined to the recurrent laryngeal nerve by a communication called the ramus communicans of "Loop of Galen".The "human communicating nerve" is an anastomosis between the external branch of the SLN and the distal RLN. Approximately 70% of human larynges have th...
18,901
medmcqa_train
A 47-year old woman was referred for bone pain and abnormal findings on radiography. The patient repoed that for the past 17 years, she has habitually consumed water from that area. She repoed a 5-years history ofpain in the lower back, arms, legs and hips, Because of brittleness, all her teeth had been extracted. Radi...
Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones. In advanced cases, skeletal fluorosis causes painful damage to bones and joints. Symptoms are mainly promoted in the bone structure. Due to a high fluoride concentration in the body, the bone is hardened and thus less elasti...
18,902
medmcqa_train
Surgery for undescended testis is best performed before what age:
Undescended testis (cryptochidism) is usually operated after the age of 1 year. There is high chance of testis desend between age of 3-6 months on its own. So it better to do surgery after 1 year of age. Ref: Handbook of Pediatric Urology By Laurence S. Baskin, Barry A. Kogan, 2nd Edition, Page 26
18,903
medmcqa_train
In obstruction of second pa of axillary aery, the anastomosis between the following aery will maintain the blood supply of upper limb
When the axillary aery is blocked, collateral circulation is established through the anastomosis around scapula which links the first pa of the subclan aery with the third pa of axillary aery(apa from the communications with the posterior intercostal aeries). The transverse cervical aery is a branch of the subclan aery...
18,904
medmcqa_train
Beta-blockers are used in all of the following except: March 2005
Ans. B: AV Block Indications for beta blockers include: Angina pectoris Atrial fibrillation Cardiac arrhythmia Congestive hea failure Essential tremor Glaucoma Hypeension Migraine prophylaxis Mitral valve prolapse Myocardial infarction Phaeochromocytoma, in conjunction with alpha-blocker Symptomatic control (tachycardi...
18,905
medmcqa_train
Which of the following radioisotopes is commonly used as a source for external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients –
Cobalt - 60 and Cesium - 137 are most commonly used radioisotopes for teletherapy (External beam radiation).
18,906
medmcqa_train
A mother arrives to your office in a panic. She had just returned home from the delivery of her third child, who was born by cesarean section because he was large for gestation age. Upon changing his first diaper at home she noticed gross blood in his diaper. On examination, you find a left-sided abdominal mass that wa...
The child in the question likely has renal vein thrombosis, a condition more commonly seen in infants who are dehydrated, had birth depression, have polycythemia or were born to diabetic mothers. The child in the case was large for gestational age, a hint that gestational diabetes might have been present and which also...
18,907
medmcqa_train
Gingival biopsy is useful in the diagnosis of-
Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. In systemic amyloidosis renal biopsy provides the best detection rate but rectal biopsy also has a good pickup rate. However gingiva and skin biopsy have poor result. .
18,908
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not an Element of Primary health care?
Elements of primary health care Although specific services provided will vary in different countries and communities, the Alma-Ata Declaration has outlined 8 essential components of primary health care Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them; Promotion of food ...
18,909
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not a symptom of menetrier disease
Menetrier disease associated with loss of proteins and diarrhoea so there will be weight loss
18,910
medmcqa_train
Mummification is enhanced by ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Dry and hot air Mummification It is a modification of putrefaction, which occurs in the absence of moisture. That is when there is excess air and warmth but no moisture (humidity), i.e. hot dry and windy climate, mummification takes place in place of normal putrefaction. Thus mummification occurs in d...
18,911
medmcqa_train
The following test is useful for diagnosis of
Ans. (b) Meniere's disease.* The image shows performance of the caloric stimulation test.* Irrigation of the external meatus with water 7deg above and later 7deg below body temperature sets up convection currents of the endolymph in the semi-circular canals.* This causes nystagmus, and the duration of the nystagmus giv...
18,912
medmcqa_train
Which of the following post is recommended:
Active screw can lead to root fracture.
18,913
medmcqa_train
Multiple myeloma on radionuclide scanning presents as
Hot spots' or | distribution is seen inBone tumor or cancerBone metastasis from breast, lung, prostate, thyroid & kidney.Fracture, when it cannot be seen on a regular X-ray Bone injections (osteomyelitis)Cause of bone pain.Metabolic disorders such as osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, primary hyperparathyroidism, oste...
18,914
medmcqa_train
Morris Index positive in ECG is suggestive of
The index proposed by Morris (amplitude of the negative deflection in V1 in mm multiplied by its duration in seconds) is positive if greater than 0.03Morris Index positive in ECG is suggestive of Another sign of Left atrial enlargement in ECG is P wave width >2.5 mm in lead II.Right, atrial enlargement P wave height >2...
18,915
medmcqa_train
Tattooing in old decomposed body can be visualized by use of all except ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Gamma rays Latent tattoo marks are faded marks and they can be visualized by Use of ultraviolet light Infrared photograpy Rubbing the pa and examining under magnifying glass If tattoo marks are obscured by decomposition they can be visualized by treating with 3 % H2O2. Tatto marks can be developed by ...
18,916
medmcqa_train
Arrange the enzymes used to conve propionyl CoA to glucose in sequence: A. Methyl malonyl CoA racemase B. Succinate Thiokinase C. Methyl malonyl CoA mutase D. Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Succinate Thiokinase is enzyme used in TCA.
18,917
medmcqa_train
If less current is needed to elicit a response from a traumatized tooth indicates:
If injured tooth requires more current than that for a normal tooth to give response indicates pulp death. If less current is needed to elicit a response from a traumatize tooth indicates pulpal inflammation.
18,918
medmcqa_train
All of the following are true about glucose transport in kidney except
Sodium glucose linked transporter is an example of secondary active transport.
18,919
medmcqa_train
A patient is diagnosed having paronychia. Which of the following would one expect to note during the assessment?
Paronychia is nail bed infection and it is the most common hand infection. It is characterized by red, shiny skin, often associated with painful swelling. After initial inflammation, pus accumulates beside the nail. These infections frequently result from trauma, picking at the nail, or disorders such as dermatitis. Of...
18,920
medmcqa_train
All of the following are topically used sulfonamides EXCEPT:
SULFONAMIDES: 1 . Sho acting ( 4-8 hr ): Sulfadiazine 2. Intermediate acting (8-12 hr ): Sulfamethm,azole 3. Long acting ( -7 days): Sulfadoxine, Sulfamethopyrazine 4. Special purpose sulfonamides: Sulfacetamide sod, Mafenide, Silver sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine. Sulfasalazine (Salicylazosulfapyridine) It is a compound ...
18,921
medmcqa_train
Proximal muscle weakness atrophy in a child with PEM due to which electrolyte disturbance:
C i.e. HypophosphatemiaRef: Nelson, Textbook of Pediatrics, 20th edition, page 833Explanation:Hypokalemia:* Heart and skeletal muscle (muscle weakness and cramps) are especially vulnerable to hypokalemia* Paralysis is a possible complication, generally only at levels <2.5 mEq/L (starts with the legs, followed by the ar...
18,922
medmcqa_train
The indication of cholecystectomy are
Mucocele(Hydrops) It results from Prolonged obstruction of the cystic duct, usually by a large solitary calculus Treatment - Early cholecystectomy, because empyema, perforation, or gangrene may complicate the condition Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1494
18,923
medmcqa_train
True statement regarding Pneumococcus is :
Virulence of Pneumococci depends on its capsule, toxin called pneumolysin and autolysin.
18,924
medmcqa_train
Energy storage form in liver -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Glycogeno Humans carry supplies of fuel within their body. Calories are stored in the body as fat (triglycerides), glycogen and some protein.Provider of energyGramsKilocaloriesPlasma glucose1248Hepatic glycogen70280Muscle glycogen2801120Fat (Triglyceride) in adipose tissue13,000117, 000Muscle protein1...
18,925
medmcqa_train
All are tests for stoppage of circulation except
Winslow test is a test for detect on of respiration while all the remaining mentioned tests are those for circulation.
18,926
medmcqa_train
Drugs increasing renin levels except:
Ans. A. ClonidineRenin levels are increased when there is reflex sympathetic outflow. Vasodilators and ACE inhibitors results in reflex increase in renin activity. Clonidine on the other hand decrease the sympathetic outflow.
18,927
medmcqa_train
Which breathing pattern is described in below diagram?
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION It is also referred to as periodic respiration or cyclic respiration It is present in patients with advanced HF and low cardiac output. Etiology: Lengthy circulatory time and increased sensitivity to aerial PCO2 of respiratory center are causitive. During apneic phase, aerial PO2 falls and the...
18,928
medmcqa_train
Quinsy is also known as?
ANSWER: (A) Peritosillar abscessREF: Dhingra 4th ed p. 245Quinsy is a collection of pus in the peritonsillar space which lies between the capsule of tonsil and the superior constrictor muscle.
18,929
medmcqa_train
Maximum increase in cardiac output occurs by what stage of pregnancy :
30th week
18,930
medmcqa_train
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in a patient with raised intracranial pressure ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Ketamine o Cerebral blood flow, metabolism, oxygen consumption and ICT all are increased by ketamine - ketamine is contraindicated in raised ICT.o Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator.o Ketamine increases BP and ICT.o Airway reflexes (pharyngeal and laryngeal) are not depressed.Ketamineo The primary si...
18,931
medmcqa_train
A trained dai caters for a population of -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1000 Local dais (Traditional birth attendants)o Under Rural Health Scheme, all categories of local dies are trained to improve their knowledge in the elementary concepts of: -o MCHii) Sterilization (Small family norm)Trainingo Training is for 30 working days.o They are paid a stipend of Rs. 300 during...
18,932
medmcqa_train
Nabothian follicles occur in :
Ans. is a i.e. Erosion of cervix As a result of healing of an erosion, the mouth of cervical gland is blocked. The blocked gland becomes distended with secretion and forms small cysts which can be seen with naked eye and so called Nabothian cyst. The presence of cysts fahest from the external os indicates the extent of...
18,933
medmcqa_train
Disease of Basal ganglia dysfunction are all except
Alzheimer disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Memory decline initially manifests as a loss of episodic memory, which impedes recollection of recent events. Loss of sho-term memory is followed by general loss of cognitive and other brain functions, the need for constant care, and, eventual...
18,934
medmcqa_train
A 26-year-old male, Vikas presents to OPD complaining of hair loss and itching on scalp. Physical examination reveals moderate patchy hair loss from the cetral poion of scalp and the lesions have ring like configuration with central clearing. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat this patient's condition?
(Ref: Katzung 10/e p842) The diagnosis is Tinea capitis and terbinafine is used for the treatment. Male pattern baldness stas from anterior poion and scalp and are non-pruritic will family history. Tghe treatment of latter is finasteride.
18,935
medmcqa_train
Consumption of which of following drugs in pregnancy causes Ebstein anomaly in newborn?
Maternal intake of lithium can cause Ebstein anomaly in newborn. Ebstein anomaly is a rare heart defect in which the tricuspid valve - the valve between the upper right chamber (right atrium) and the lower right chamber (right ventricle ) of the heart isn't formed properly. As a result, blood leaks back through the val...
18,936
medmcqa_train
True about giant cell aeritis include the following except
Temporal aeritis is also known as Giant cell aeritis (GCA) . It is a granulomatous aeritis that affects any large (including aoa) and medium-sized aeries. It is commonly associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), which presents with symmetrical, immobility-associated neck and shoulder girdle pain and stiffness. The ...
18,937
medmcqa_train
Retinoblastoma gene is located on -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chromosome 13
18,938
medmcqa_train
Which of the following sugars is absorbed from the small intestine by facilitated diffusion?
Facilitated diffusion is the major transpo route for fructose. The duodenum and jejunum are the principal sites of carbohydrate absorption in humans. Digestion of carbohydrates is accomplished by amylase and brush border enzymes and results in a mixture of glucose, fructose, and galactose. A common sodium- dependent se...
18,939
medmcqa_train
A HIV mother delivers a baby All are true, except -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Risk of HIV in baby is upto 90% The probability of transmission of HIV from mother to infant/fetus ranges from 15 to 25% in industrialized countries and from 25 to 35% in developing countries. It never reaches 90%. Transmission of HIV 1. Sexual transmission . Most common mode of transmission. . Most c...
18,940
medmcqa_train
Beta 2 microglobulin is a tumour marker for:
Increased levels of microglobulin are seen in the urine and serum of patients with multiple myeloma. Serum beta 2 microglobulin is the single most powerful predictor of survival and can substitute for staging. (ref Harsh mohan 6th/383,Robbins 9th/)
18,941
medmcqa_train
In conduction system of hea the maximum velocity of conduction is seen in?
Purkinje fibers are characterized by action potentials with a low resting membrane potential (-- 90 mV), a rapid maximum upstroke velocity (500 to 700 V/s), and, therefore, a rapid conduction velocity. Purkinje's fibres have many gap junctions which allows the rapid flow of current and hence the conduction velocity is ...
18,942
medmcqa_train
At autopsy, the cyanide poisoning case will show the following features, except: Himachal 10
Ans. Characteristic bitter lemon smell
18,943
medmcqa_train
mental retardation can be proved if delayed milestones and slow or retarded growth seen upto which age (in year)?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., 18 year
18,944
medmcqa_train
The Corynebacterium species which are lipophilic-
C. jeikeium-causes bacteremia with high moality rates in immunodeficient. C. urealyticum-causes UTI. Both are lipophilic.
18,945
medmcqa_train
Mutation of which of the following gene is most impoant in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
.
18,946
medmcqa_train
The amino acid which is associated With atherosclerosis is -
homocystein is a emerging risk factor for atherosclerosis ( Harrison20 pg 1505 table 235-1)
18,947
medmcqa_train
What presentation is most likely to accompany this angiographic finding?
Answer A. Binocular visual lossThe patient developed vertigo and binocular visual loss during cardiac catheterization. Cerebral angiography revealed total occlusion of the distal basilar artery consistent with cardioembolic stroke. All neurological abnormalities resolved following selective intraarterial thrombolysis.
18,948
medmcqa_train
A 5 year old boy comes with overnight petechial spots 2 weeks back he had history of abdominal pain and no hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis is
most probable diagnosis here is ITP. in ALL there will be hepatosplenomegaly of a plastic anemia infection Symptoms Immune thrombocytopenia may have no signs and symptoms. When they do occur, they may include: Easy or excessive bruising Superficial bleeding into the skin that appears as pinpoint-sized reddish-purple sp...
18,949
medmcqa_train
All are true about Pseudofractures except?
Ans APseudo fractures though associated with osteomalacia are not specific for it. Instead they are seen in many other conditions like OGI, hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease.
18,950
medmcqa_train
Tzank smear is prepared for ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Varicella Tzank smear findings in bullous disorders Disorders Findings Pemphigus Bullous pemphigoid Varicella-zoster infection Herpes simpex infection Toxic epidermal necrolysis Acantholysis Predominantly eosinophils Multinucleated giant cells Multinucleated giant cells Necrotic cells
18,951
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is derived from ectoderm?
Some epithelia derived from ectoderm- the epithelium of the skin , hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands - the epithelium over cornea and conjunctiva, external acoustic meatus and the outer surface of the tympanic membrane- the epithelium of some pa of the mouth, the lower pa of the anal ca...
18,952
medmcqa_train
Tardy ulnar nerve palsy -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Late onsetTardy ulnar nerve palsyo Tardy ulnar nerve palsy as a late complication of the lateral condylar physis is well known, especially after the development of cubitus valgus from malunion or nonunion. Due to cubitus valgus there is chronic stretching of ulnar nerve. However, you should keep in mi...
18,953
medmcqa_train
Function of thick gastric mucosa is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Protects epithelium
18,954
medmcqa_train
A 13 year old female patient, complains of bleeding from gums while brushing and has a history of deviated nasal septum. Extraoral examination reveals increased anterior facial height. Intraoral findings reveals erythematous gingiva and spontaneous bleeding on probing. These features are seen in patients with
A wide variety of local irritants can produce a hyperplastic type of gingivitis in children and young adults. The irritation to the gingival tissue produced by mouth breathing is often responsible for the development of the chronic hyperplastic form of gingivitis,  particularly in the maxillary arch. All these factors ...
18,955
medmcqa_train
A patient with ptosis, upper 4 mm of cornea is covered by upper eyelid. Grade of Ptosis is ?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mild In unilateral cases of ptosis, difference between the veical height of palpebral fissures of the two sides indicates the degree of ptosis. In bilateral cases it can be determined by measuring the amount of cornea covered by the upper eyelid and then substracting 2 mm. Depending upon its amount th...
18,956
medmcqa_train
A Giemsa stain of a thin peripheral blood smear is prepared. Which of the following cannot be diagnosed?
Ans. (B) Coxiella burnettii(Ref: Jawetz's Medical Microbiology 27th Ed; Page No-347)A diagnosis of Coxiella burnettii cannot be done using a Giemsa stain of a thin peripheral smear.The diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii is done mainly by serology which shows a rise in the titer of specific antibodies to C. burnettii.Other ...
18,957
medmcqa_train
Roflumilast is a
Roflumilast is a PDE-4 inhibitor that inhibits degradation of cAMP and lead to bronchodilation.
18,958
medmcqa_train
Buonian line is seen with poisoning of -
* Lead line (Buonian line) - a bluish line is present on gums. The line formation is due to lead sulphide. Lead sulphide is formed due to action of hydrogen sulphide gas, liberated from the decomposed food in the mouth, with lead. Ref: K.S.Narayan Reddy's Synopsis of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 29th edition, Chap...
18,959
medmcqa_train
True about incompletely descended testis are all of the following except: March 2008
Ans. C: Poorly developed secondary sexual charactersAssociated anomalies and conditions with cryptorchidism may include the following:Patent processus vaginalisAbnormal epididymisCerebral palsyMental retardationWilm's tumourAbdominal wall defects (e.g., gastroschisis, omphalocele, prune belly syndrome)HypospadiasisIn g...
18,960
medmcqa_train
All are components of bile, except
Stercobilinogen is a chemical created by bacteria in the gut. It is made of broken-down hemoglobin. It is fuher processed to become the chemical that gives feces its brown color while all other things are components of bile Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:420,421,422
18,961
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is a calcineurin inhibitor?
Ans. (A) Cyclosporine(Ref: Goodman Gilman 12th/e p1008; Katzung 12th/e p986; KDT 8/e p937)Cyclosporine and tacrolimus act as immunosuppresants by their inhibitory action on calcineurin.
18,962
medmcqa_train
In presence of Haldane effect, CO2 uptake is 2 ml/100ml of blood in arteries, what will be CO2 uptake in absence of Haldane effect in veins-
Ans. (a) 2 ml/100 ml of blood(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.642)This picture is carbon dioxide dissociation curveAt Po, 100 mm Hg and Pco2 45mmHg,CO2 content in blood changes from 48 ml/dl to 50 ml/dlAt Po2 40mmHg and Pco2 45mmHg,CO2 content in blood changes from 48 ml/dl to 52 ml/dlThe amount of Co2 taken up at tissues is do...
18,963
medmcqa_train
Percentage of bilirubin production from old RBCs
(B) 80% > Bilirubin is the end product of heme degradation.> From 70 to 90% of bilirubin is derived from degradation of the hemoglobin of senescent red blood cells.> Bilirubin produced in the periphery is transported to the liver within the plasma, where, due to its insolubility in aqueous solutions, it is tightly boun...
18,964
medmcqa_train
Acute osteomyelitis can best be distinguished from soft tissue infection by -
Ans. is 'd' i.e., MRI MRI is the best radiographic imaging technique for the identification of abscess and for differentiation between bone and soft tissue infection.
18,965
medmcqa_train
Which of the following parameter can be measured any time during the menstrual cycle to test ovarian reserve?
Ovarian ReserveOvarian reserve refers to the size of the nongrowing, or resting, primordial follicle population in the ovaries. This, in turn, presumably determines the number of growing follicles and the "quality" or reproductive potential of their oocytes.Serum Day 3 Follicle Stimulating HormoneAs women age, FSH phys...
18,966
medmcqa_train
Best site for taking biopsy for viral oesophagitis is-
In viral esophagitis dit Herpes simplex the biopsy sample is taken from the edge of the ulcer.
18,967
medmcqa_train
Which of the following drug is a leukotriene receptor antagonist?
Montelukast and zafirlukast inhibit the bronchoconstrictor action of LTs at cys LT1 receptor. These are used as prophylactic agents for bronchial asthma. These are very safe drugs but few cases of Churg Strauss syndrome (vasculitis with eosinophilia) have been associated with their use.
18,968
medmcqa_train
Mallory bodies are seen in?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., al - antitrypsin deficiency Mallory hyaline (mallory bodies)* Mallory bodies are eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies which are composed predominantly of keratin intermediate filaments. They are also known as alcoholic hyaline.* These inclusions are characteristic but not specific feature of...
18,969
medmcqa_train
Roid rage is seen in
ANABOLIC ANDROGENIC STEROIDS Testosterone like hormones * Muscle building propey * Body builders * Normal testosterone range is 300-1000micrograms * Need to administer 10-100 times the normal to have effect kaplon and Sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no 686
18,970
medmcqa_train
Goodpasture's disease is characterized by all except:
Ans. i.e., b Leukocytoclastic vasculitis Goodpasture Syndrome -It is diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome Q characterized by presence of circulating autoantibodies targeted against the basement membrane of the kidney and lung. The antibodies initiate an inflammatory destruction of the basement membrane in kidney glome...
18,971
medmcqa_train
Dohlman's operation done for:
Ans. (d) Zenker's diverticulumRef Shackelford 7th Edition, Page 345* Surgical Management of Choice is - Cricopharyngeal Myotomy with Diverticulectomy (If given in choices is the best option)* Dohlman's operation - Endoscopic stapling technique preferred for Diverticulum more than 3cm Size.
18,972
medmcqa_train
All of the following are features of hypothyroidism except: September 2005
Ans. D: Lid retraction Common features of hypothyroidism include easy fatigability, coldness, weight gain, constipation, menstrual irregularities, and muscle cramps. Physical findings include a cool, rough, dry skin, puffy face and hands (myxedema),hair becomes dry and tends to fall, a hoarse, husky voice, and slow ref...
18,973
medmcqa_train
Type of hemolysis produced by pneumococcus on blood agar -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alpha Hemolysis||||1Alpha (a)Beta (b)Gamma (g)o Greenish discolouration with partial hemolysis around the colonieseg - Str. pneumoniae, Str. viridanso Colourless zone of complete hemolysiseg - Str. pyogenes (grp A) Str. agalactiae (grp B) Str equisimilis (grp C)o No hemolysis eg - Enterococci (grp D)
18,974
medmcqa_train
A patient presented with a platelet count of 700 x 109/L with abnormalities in size, shape and granularity of platelets. WBC count of 8 x109 L, hemoglobin of 12 g/dl and the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The most likely diagnosis would be?
A patient presents with thrombocytosis with abnormalities in size, shape and granularity of platelets, with normal WBC count & hemoglobin and the absence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The most likely diagnosis in this case would be Essential Thrombocythemia
18,975
medmcqa_train
Which one of the following hapatitis viruses have significant perinetal transmission ?
Hepatitis B virus infection is prevalent in Asia, Africa,Southern europe.HBsAg seropositive ranges from 2-20%.In hyperendemic areas HBV infections occur mainly during infancy and early childhood.In Asia perinatal transmission from HBsAg mother to their infants is a very impoant route of transmission,leading to chronici...
18,976
medmcqa_train
when a behaviour is done and a rewarding response is removed, the behaviour is reduced, this works in which line of management
Behavioral therapy is learning given by BF Skinner , according to him all behaviors are learned phenomenon and thus can be unlearned Positive reinforcement a type of reinforcement when a behavior is rewarded there is more chance that the behavior is repeated Negative reinforcement is that when a behavior is done and an...
18,977
medmcqa_train
The first gene therapy (somatic enzyme) was successfully done in
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase, a condition that affects lymphocytes paicularly, was the first disease to be treated by gene therapy. Deficiency of adenosine deaminase accounts for 15% of all cases of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)In 1990, Dr. William French Anderson introduced a new copy the gene, carried ...
18,978
medmcqa_train
Who is the father of Psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis : Sigmond Freud Child psychoanalysis: Anna Freud Analytical psychology: Carl Jung.
18,979
medmcqa_train
Homocysteine is
Homocysteine is a non-proteinogenic alpha- amino acid Homologous to cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge (-CH2-) Synthesized from methionine.
18,980
medmcqa_train
Pinna calcification is seen in all except
Ans. a. Gout Pinna Calcification is seen in Addison's diseaseQ Diabetes mellitus OchronosisQ HypehyroidismQ AcromegalyQ von Meyenburg's disease (systemicchondromalacia) Hypeension Late calcification of the auricular cailage following frostbite. ( of Chapter/1550092413 .pdf) Delayed dystrophic calcification of the under...
18,981
medmcqa_train
All are corneal signs of Trachoma except -
Arlst's is a conjunctival sign (not corneal). Signs of Trachoma Conjunctival signs :- Congestion, conjunctival follicles (boiled sagograin like), Papillary hyperplasia, conjunctival scarring (Arlt's line), concretion. Corneal signs :- Superficial keratitis, Herbe follicles, Pannus, Corneal ulcer, Herbe pits, Corneal op...
18,982
medmcqa_train
Numerator in calculating positive predictive value -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., True positive Sensitivity =Number of true positive--------------------------------------------Number of true positives + Number of false negative Specificity =Number of true negatives--------------------------------------------Number of true negative + number of false positives. Positive predictive va...
18,983
medmcqa_train
False about OHSS?
Ans. D. The symptoms associated with OHSS usually begin 15-20d after hCG is givenOvulation induction promotes follicle maturation and oocyte release utilizing pharmacological agents. The most commonly used agent is Clomiphene citrate, which increases follicle-stimulating hormone release at the level of the hypothalamus...
18,984
medmcqa_train
The most common type of lung carcinoma in non- smokers
Adenocarcinomas often occur in more peripheral lung locations Most common type of lung cancer occurring in non smokers.
18,985
medmcqa_train
The mechanism of anticancer action of fluorouracil is:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite. It is a thymidine analogue and acts by conversion to 5'-dUMP. Latter inhibits the formation of dTMP and results in thymineless death of cells. Option 1 is mechanism of alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide Option 3: methotrexate is example of DHFRase inhibitor Option 4: Vin...
18,986
medmcqa_train
Shortest acting NDMR:
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Mivacurium Note-Rapacuronium onset is 15-20 minsMiller's anesthesia 5/ep 892, Drugs and equipment in Anaesthesia 5/ep 78 Arm Kumar Paul] Among the given options Rapacuronium is the shortest acting drug. Rapacuronium has been withdrawn from the market because it produces intense bronchospasm in a signif...
18,987
medmcqa_train
Biceps brachi is supplied by
Root value of musculocutaneous nerve is C5, C6.It arises from the lateral cord of brachial plexus.B D Chaurasia 7th edition Page no : 57
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What is true about confounding factor?
Confounding factor is defined as one which is associated with both exposure and disease and is distributed unequally in study and control groups. (refer pg no:72 park 23 rd edition)
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Which of the following membranes has the highest protein content per gram tissue
The membrane with the highest protein content is inner mitochondria The membrane with highest lipid content is myelin sheath Protein to Lipid ratio in Different Membranes Membranes Protein:Lipid Ratio Myelin 0.23 Human RBC 1.1 Mitochondrial outer membrane 1.1 Sarcoplasmic reticulum 2.0 Mitochondrial inner membrane 3.2 ...
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Eye donation Fonight is organized from :-
The National Eye Donation Fonight is observed every year from 25th August to 8th September. It is a campaign which aims to create mass public awareness about the impoance of eye donation and to motivate people to pledge their eyes for donation after death.
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Joint between epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone is a type of
D. i.e. Synchondrosis
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Which of the following statements about &;Late expanding phase&; of Demographic cycle is true
Death rate declines still fuher and the bih rate tend to fall in third stage of demographic cycle or late expanding stage, but the population continue to grow as bihs exceeds death. Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 479
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Hypercalcemia is seen in all EXCEPT:
Ans. C i.e. Pseudohypoparathyroidism Pseudohypoparathyroidism presents with hypocalcemia, normal to raised PTH, normal 25-(OH)D, and decreased 1,25-(OH),D
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All are branches of lumbar plexus except
LUMBAR PLEXUS - The lumbar plexus lies in the posterior pa of the substance of the psoas major muscle. It is formed by the ventral rami of the upper four lumbar nerves .The first lumbar nerve receives a contribution from the subcostal nerve, and the fouh lumbar nerve gives a contribution to the lumbosacral trunk; which...
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Cerelas are deficient in?
Cereal proteins are poor in nutritive value being deficient in the essential amino acid,lysine.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-578
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Vasculitis involving the Aoic arch is
Takayasu aeritis classically involves the aoic arch. This is a granulomatous vasculitis of medium and larger aeries characterized principally by ocular disturbances and marked weakening of the pulses in the upper extremities (hence the name pulseless disease). Takayasu aeritismanifests with transmural fibrous thickenin...
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A woman with H/o recurrent abortions presents with isolated increase in APTT. Most likely cause is:
Ans. is a, i.e. Lupus anticoagulantRef. Dutta Obs. 6/e, p 343; Fernando Arias 3/e, p 327; Leon Speroff 7/e, p 1082Isolated increase in APTT is suggestive of lupus anticoagulant.
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Which is not a characteristic of wegeners granulomatosis?
Wegener granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis characterizedby a specific triad of findings:* Granulomas of the lung and/or the upper respiratorytract (ear, nose, sinuses, throat)* Vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels (capillaries,venules, aerioles, and aeries), most prominently inthe lungs and upper respira...
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