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True regarding predisposing factors for penile carcinoma are all except: March 2012, March 2013 (e)
Ans: C i.e. Circumcision Premalignant conditions for carcinoma penis Leucoplakia of the glans (similar to the condition seen n the tongue), longstanding genital was (which may rarely be the site of malignant change) & Paget's disease of the penis are definite precarcinomatous states Circumcision soon after bih confers ...
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medmcqa_train
A 30 year old farmer presents with the features of high fever, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, vomiting and diarrhoea with hypotension. Which of the following stain will be helpful in making the diagnosis?
Wayson's stain is a basic fuchsin - methylene blue, ethyl alcohol - phenol microscopic staining procedure. It is a modified methylene blue stain used for diagnosing bubonic plague. Giemsa / Wayson stain revels the typical safety- pin apperance of the organism. In Bubonic plague the infected flea bite is usually on the ...
6,701
medmcqa_train
A person is said to be mentally retarded when IQ is-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., < 70 o Normal IQ- 90-109;o Borderline IQ- 70-89;o Mild mental retardation IQ- 50-69;o Moderate mental retardation IQ- 35-49;o Severe MR IQ- 20-34;o Profound MR IQ- 0-19.
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medmcqa_train
Differential diagnosis for pancytopenia with cellular bone marrow include the following except -
In megaloblastic anemia , RBCs WBCs & platelets decreases (pancytopenia) & the cellularity of the bone marrow increases from moderate to hypercellular.Ceain morphologic features are common to all forms of megaloblastic anemia. The bone marrow is markedly hyper- cellular and contains numerous megaloblastic erythroid pro...
6,703
medmcqa_train
Best for systemic aspergillosus infection ?
Ans is 'b' i.e., ltraconazole o First choice drug for aspergillosis Voriconazole/Amphotericin B o Second choice drug for aspergillosis --> ltraconazole
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medmcqa_train
The principal vector of dengue virus-
The principal vector of dengue is the mosquito Aedes aegypti, which breeds in standing water; collections of water in containers, water based air coolers & tyre drumps are a god environment for the vector in large cities. Reference: Harrison20th edition pg 879
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not a culture bound syndrome
Ans is 'd' i.e. Von-Gogh * Dramatic self mutilation occurring in schizophrenia has also been called Von-Gogh syndrome.Culture-bound syndrome (folk illness)* It is a combination of psychiatric and somatic symptoms that are considered to be a recognizable disease only within a specific society or culture. There is no obj...
6,706
medmcqa_train
In Epidemic dropsy disease, toxin is:-
Epidemic dropsy It is caused by contamination of mustard oil with 'Argemone oil'. Sanguinarine is the alkaloid toxin contained in argemone oil. The symptoms of epidemic dropsy consist of sudden,non-inflammatory, bilateral swelling of legs, often associated with diarrhoea, dyspnea, cardiac failure & death may follow. So...
6,707
medmcqa_train
A female presented with long standing nasal obstruction. She also complaints about comments from her friends telling about foul smell coming from her nose which she could not recognise. On evaluation, atrophic rhinitis is diagnosed. What can be the etiology in this patient to develop secondary atrophic rhinitis?
Specific infections like syphilis, lupus, leprosy, and rhinoscleroma may cause destruction of the nasal structures leading to atrophic changes. Atrophic rhinitis can also result from long-standing purulent sinusitis, radiotherapy to nose or excessive surgical removal of turbinates. Extreme detion of nasal septum may be...
6,708
medmcqa_train
A 42-year old female presents with the complaint of bleeding gums for the past 20 days. Intra-oral examination shows thickened and friable gums. Also, she has hepatosplenomegaly with generalized non tender lymphadenopathy. The blood  count reveals: Hemoglobin 11.4 g/dl, Platelet count 90,000/mm3, WBC count 4600/mm3. Th...
Patient has an “aleukemic” leukemia in which leukemic blasts fill the marrow, but the peripheral blood count of leukocytes is not high. The staining of the blasts suggests the presence of monoblasts (peroxidase negative and nonspecific esterase positive). So, the likely diagnosis for her is M5 leukemia, which is characte...
6,709
medmcqa_train
Osteomeatal complex(OMC) connects:
Osteomeatal complex lies in the middle meatus. It is final common drainage pathway for the maxillary,frontal,and anterior ethmoid sinuses into the nasal cavity. Ref.Scott Brown 7/e,Vol 2 p 1345
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medmcqa_train
The clinical consequences of hypokalemia in skeletal muscle include muscle weakness and cramps. What is the level of Serum Potassium at which Paralysis Is a possible complication of hypokalemia?
Paralysis occurs when potassium levels are <2.5 mEq/L. It usually stas in legs and moves to arms
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medmcqa_train
A subpoena is a kind of -
Summon (subpoena) is a legal document compelling attendance of a witness in a court of law.
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OPV bivalent vaccine contains -
<p>OPV/ Sabin vaccine Live attenuated . Contains type 1,2 and 3 viruses grown in primary monkey kidney/human diploid cell culture. Administration:- WHO programme on immunisation (EPI) and the national immunisation program in India recommend a primary course of 3 doses of vaccine with 1 month interval commencing at 6 we...
6,713
medmcqa_train
Which of the following is the classical CSF finding seen in TBM?
Harrison's textbook of internal medicine 17the edition *CSF revealed a high leucocyte count (up to 1000/microL),usually with predominance of lymphocyte s ,but sometimes with predominance of neutrophils in early stage ,protein count of 1-8g/L and low glucose concentration .
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medmcqa_train
Winter bottom's sign in sleeping sickness refers to-
Sleeping sickness Fever Loss of nocturnal sleep Headache Feeling of oppression Pruritis and maculopapular rashes Weight loss Arthralgia Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy, particularly of the posterior triangle of the neck → Winter bottom's sign
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medmcqa_train
Clostridium difficile causes -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pseudomembranous colitis & 'b' i.e., Nosocomical diarrhea * Cl difficle causes Clostridium difficle - associated diseases (CDAD).* CDAD is the most commonly diagnosed diarrheal illness acquired in the hospital.* C. difficle is acquired exogenously, most frequently in the hospital.* C. difficle is the ...
6,716
medmcqa_train
The muscle of hand that contains a sesamoid bone is
The tendon of inseion of adductor pollicis on the medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb contains a sesamoid bone.Reference: Textbook of anatomy, Upper limb, and thorax, Vishram Singh, 2nd edition, page no.144
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medmcqa_train
A 70-year-old man has smoked for years despite a chronic productive cough. One day, he notices blood in his sputum and goes to see his physician. A chest x-ray reveals a mass in the left lung, which is biopsied during a fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Assuming that this patient's cancer is etiologically related to his smoking...
Smoking does not increase the risk of all types of lung cancers to the same degree. Oat (small) cell carcinoma has a very strong association with smoking, with only 1% of cases occurring in nonsmokers. Squamous cell carcinoma is also strongly associated with smoking, because smoking predisposes for squamous metaplasia,...
6,718
medmcqa_train
Which of the following exocrine glandular ducts are not obstructed in cystic fibrosis:
Answer C. Sweat glandMost CF patients have 3 distinct abnormal characteristics:The ducts of the mucus-secreting glands are obstructed due to an increase in viscosity of these secretions leading to glandular dilatation and destruction.CF patients are prone to chronic bacterial colonization and infections.The sweat gland...
6,719
medmcqa_train
Distal interphalangeal joints are involved in all except ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Rheumatoid ahritis
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Pearls index
Pearl index is defined as the number of failures per 100 woman years of exposure (HWY) Failure rate per Hundred Women Years = Total accidental pregnancies X 1200/ Total months of exposure Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page no: 510
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Occult thyroid malignancy with nodal metastasis is seen in -
A small percentage of cancers present with enlarged lymph nodes in the jugular chain or pulmonary metastases with no palpable abnormality of the thyroid. The primary tumor may be no more than a few millimetres in size and is termed occult. Such primary foci of papillary carcinoma may also be discovered in thyroid tissu...
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medmcqa_train
In stab wounds, Langer's lines determine: NEET 14
Ans. Healing
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Which cranial nerve is affected the earliest in acoustic neuroma?
The pear shapped tumour from the cranial nerve VIII continue to enlarge and compress the trigeminal nerve. Cranial nerve 5 is the earliest nerve to be involved in Acoustic neuroma. The tumor is almost always arises from the Schwann cells of the vestibular, but rarely from the cochlear division of VIIIth nerve within th...
6,724
medmcqa_train
Which of the following decreases affinity of oxygen with hemoglobin?
Decrease affinity of oxygen with hemoglobin-Oxygen hemoglobin curve shift to right -increaseddelivery of oxygen to the tissue Increase affinity of oxygen with hemoglobin -Oxygen hemoglobin curve shift to left- Increased delivery of oxygen to the HEMOGLOBIN in lungs Factors increase hydrogen ions (acidosis ) Increase CO...
6,725
medmcqa_train
Non-septate hyphae with a tendency to branch at 90 degree angle is characteristic of:
The organisms appear as large, nonseptate hyphae with branching at obtuse angles. Round or ovoid sporangia are also frequently seen in the tissue section. Histopathologically, mucormycosis should be differentiated from aspergillosis in which the former has an acute angulating branched hyphae of smaller width and latter...
6,726
medmcqa_train
Meniscal tears usually result from which of the following circumstances?
Most meniscal tears are produced by flexion and rapid rotation. A classic example ("football knee") involves a player who is hit while running. The knee, supporting all the player's weight, usually is slightly flexed, and the foot is anchored to the ground by cleats. Impact from an opposing player usually causes rotati...
6,727
medmcqa_train
Minimum reabsorption through renal tubule, among the following
Urea is a toxic waste product and it reabsorbed in minimal level.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology; 24th edition; page no: 678
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medmcqa_train
In formocresol, ratio of formalin to cresol:
Formocresol is a solution of 19% formaldehyde, 35% cresol in a vehicle of 15% glycerine and water. To prepare a 1:5 concentration of this formula, first thoroughly mix 3 parts of glycerin with 1 part of distilled waler, then add 4 parts of this preparation to 1 part Buckley’s formocresol, and thoroughly mix again. Key ...
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medmcqa_train
V. cholera is able to stay in GIT because of ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Motility
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The caudate lobe of liver corresponds to which segment of Counaud's classification
Caudate lobe is segment I Quadrate lobe is segment IVa The caudate lobe (segment I) is the dorsal poion of the liver and embraces the IVC. It lies posterior to the left poal triad inferiorly and left and middle hepatic vein superiorly. Caudate lobe is unique in sense that it receives blood supply from both the right & ...
6,731
medmcqa_train
Which of the following can be found in ocular muscles?
Trichinella spiralis → It is a parasite of pig. Man is an incidental host. → Infective form is encysted 1st stage larva which is transmitted by eating uncooked pork. → Larva penetrates intestine and migrates to muscles where it undergoes encystation. → Most commonly involved muscles are extraocular muscles followed by ...
6,732
medmcqa_train
Continuous cell culture of bacteria
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chemostat device Bacterial cultures can be maintained in a state of exponentional growth over long periods of time using a system of continuous culture. Continuous culture, in a device called chemostat, can be used to maintain a bacterial population at a constant density, a situation that is, in many ...
6,733
medmcqa_train
Which is the most common tumor associated with superior vena cava syndrome?
The superior vena cava syndrome usually is caused by neoplasms that compress or invade the superior vena cava, such as bronchogenic carcinoma or mediastinal lymphoma. -produces a characteristic clinical complex consisting of marked dilation of the veins of the head, neck, and arms associated with cyanosis. -Pulmonary v...
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medmcqa_train
All of the following enzymes are active within a cell except
Red Blood Cell Enzymopathies Hexokinase (HK), the red cell enzyme with the lowest activity in the glycolytic pathway, catalyzes the initial step in the utilization of glucose and thus is required for both glycolysis and the pentose shunt and produces glucose 6-phosphate. Ref Robbins 9/e pg 407
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Pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane is also called as
Situated above the lateral process of malleus between the notch of Rivinius and the anterior and posterior malleolar fold. Reference: Dhingra 6th edition
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DNA analysis of chorionic villus/amniocentesis is not likely to detect:
Ans. is a, i.e. Tay-Sachs diseaseRef. JB Sharma TB of Obs pg 161; Williams Obs 25/e, p 296Ref Operative Obs and Gynae by Randhir Puri, Narendra Malhotra 1/e, p 261, 262; Obs. and Gynae Beckmann 5/e, p 45In chorionic villous biopsy, trophoblastic tissue is obtained from the chorionic villi, followed by biochemical or mo...
6,737
medmcqa_train
A 37-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with a productive cough, fever, and night sweats. An X-ray film of the chest shows an ill-defined area of consolidation at the periphery of the right middle lobe and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Sputum culture grows acid-fast bacilli. Lymph node biopsy in this patient would...
Tuberculosis is a chronic, communicable disease in which the lungs are the prime target. The disease is caused principally by Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis (Koch bacillus), but infection with other species occurs, notably M. tuberculosis bovis (bovine tuberculosis). Primary tuberculosis consists of lesions in the ...
6,738
medmcqa_train
Most common abdominal mass in children:
c. Neuroblastoma(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2464-2466, Ghai 8/e 617-618)Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childrenLocalized Neuroblastoma can manifest as an asymptomatic mass or can cause symptoms because of the mass itself, including spinal cord compression, bowel obstruction & superior vena cava ...
6,739
medmcqa_train
Healthworker-hand washing
(A) Cleaning hands with spirit before and after examiation of each patient > Introduction of easily accessible dispensers with an alcohol-based waterless handwashing antiseptic led to significantly higher handwashing rates among health care workers.
6,740
medmcqa_train
All of the following statement about Renal Calculi are true, Except:
Answer is D (Uric acid stones are resistant to ESWL): Uric acid stones are not resistant to ESWL. Uric acid stones are infact most responsive to Lithotripsy along with calcium oxalate dehydrate stones.
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medmcqa_train
Shenton line is seen in X-ray of
Shenton line is an imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus (superior border of the obturator foramen) and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur. Ref essentials of ohopaedic maheshwari and mhaskar 6/e p150
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Normal size but non functioning uterus is usually associated with :
A hysterosalpingogram or preferably a diagnostic hysteroscopy helps to establish the diagnosis of Asherman syndrome, first described in 1948. Operative hysteroscopy to lyse the synechiae, followed by cyclic hormonal therapy with high doses of conjugated oestrogens of 2.5-5.0 mg/day for 3-6 months, results in the restor...
6,743
medmcqa_train
All are used in treating spasmodic dysmenorrhea except:
Spasmodic dysmenorrhoea is another name for primary dysnenorrhoea. (i.e. no pelvic pathology is responsible for pain) Characteristics of spasmodic dysmenorrhoea • Seen in adolescent girls • Pain appears within 2 years of menarche • Family history may be present • Pain is spasmodic nature. It is located in lower abdomen...
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following is not a characteristic of right sided failure -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pulmonary edema Pulmonary edema is due to Lt sided hea failure that results in increased back pressure in pulmonary circulation. Signs of CHF in infants Left sided failure Tachypnea Tachycardia Cough Wheezing Rales in chest Hoarse Cry Failure of either side Cardiac enlargement Gallop rhythm (S3) Perip...
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medmcqa_train
An 8 years old boy from Bihar presents with a 6 months history of an ill defined, hypopigmented slightly atrophic macule on the face. The most likely diagnosis is:
Indeterminate leprosy is characterized by: a. Solitary, hypo pigmentary patch over face in a child b. Scaling absent c. Atrophy present d. Patient from endemic area eg Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh Differential diagnosis Pityriasis alba Intermediate leprosy Solitary, hypo pigmentary patch over face in a child + + Scal...
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medmcqa_train
A 25yr old male with thyroid swelling Biopsy shows intense lymphocytic infiltration along with huhle cell change TSH increased
Hashimoto&;s Thyroiditis Biopsy features of lymphocytic infiltrate along with huhle cell change in thyroid swelling is diagnostic of hashimoto&;s thyroiditis ref : robbins 10th ed
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The lineage specific marker for B cells is
Lineage specific B cell marker is CD 19. However on IHC the best marker is CD 20. CD 21 is the receptor for EBV
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Reversible loss of polarity with abnormality in size and shape of cells is known as -
Metaplasia Metaplasia is an adaptive change in which one adult (mature) cell type is replaced by another adult (mature) cell. In this differentiation is not lost, rather it changes from one lineage to another, i.e. stems cell differentiates along a new pathway. But, the resulting cells are fully mature and differentiat...
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medmcqa_train
All of the following statements are true regarding sumatriptan except
TRIPTANS Sumatriptan is the drug of choice for aboing acute attack of migraine. It acts as a selective agonist at 5 HT1B/1D receptors. This result in constriction of cranial vessels. It also suppresses the vomiting of migraine. It is a sho acting drug and has low oral bioavailability. Frovatriptan is the longest acting...
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medmcqa_train
The most common form of dissociative hysteria is:
Dissociative amnesia is the most common type of dissociative disorder.
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Which is a large granular lymphocyte?
Ans. (a) NK cell(Ref: Wintrobe's clinical hematology - 12th ed, pg 300; Robbins 9th/pg 192; 8th/pg 188)Most lymphocytes in blood are small (<=10mm), while some are large, known as large granular lymphocytes (LGL), as they contain azurophilic granules in their cytoplasm.These cells are LGL type of natural killer (NK) ce...
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medmcqa_train
Schaumann bodies are seen in -
question repeated In pathology, Schaumann bodies are calcium and protein inclusions inside of Langhans giant cells as pa of a granuloma. Many conditions can cause Schaumann bodies, including: Sarcoidosis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Berylliosis. uncommonly, Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following drugs is associated with untoward side effect of renal tubular damage-
Some nephrotoxic agents which cause tubular necrosis. o Aminoglycosides o Colistin o Methoxyfluranes o Sulfonamides o Amphotericin B o Cyclosporine o Polymyxin o Tetracyclines o Cephaloridine o Intravenous immune globulin o Radioiodinated contrast o Acetaminophenmedium o Cisplatin REF : katzung pharmacology : 14th ed
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medmcqa_train
Which of the following nucleus in brain is common to IX, X & XI cranial nerves?
Nucleus ambiguus consists of large motor neurons and is situated deep within the reticular formation. The emerging nerve fibers join the glossopharyngeal, vagus and cranial pa of the accessory nerve and are distributed to voluntary skeletal muscle. The neurons in the nucleus ambiguus innervate the ipsilateral laryngeal...
6,755
medmcqa_train
Digoxin toxicity it can be increased by all except
Hyperkalemia is the usual electrolyte abnormality precipitated by digoxin toxicity, primarily in the acute setting. Hyperkalemia may be associated with acute renal failure that subsequently precipitatesdigoxin toxicity. Chronic digoxin toxicity does not usually causehyperkalemia. Refer katzung 11e p216
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medmcqa_train
A double apical impulse is seen in
(D) HOCM# Physical findings of HCM are associated with the dynamic outflow obstruction that is often present with this disease.> Upon auscultation, the heart murmur will sound similar to the murmur of aortic stenosis.> However, a murmur due to HCM will increase in intensity with any maneuver that decreases the volume o...
6,757
medmcqa_train
Which of the following agent is used in day care surgery?
Ans. a. Propofol (Ref: Miller's Anesthesia 8/e p726; Lee 13/e p158-160; Morgan 3/e 173, 884)Propofol is used in day care surgery.'Any induction agents used in day-case anesthesia should ensure a smooth induction, good immediate recovery and a rapid return to street fitness. Propofol is now used widely as the primary in...
6,758
medmcqa_train
Which of the following can prevent neural tube defects in pregnancy?
Ans: c (Folic acid) Ref: Dutta, 6th ed, p. 104, 409Folic acid is supplemented in the first trimester to prevent neural tube defects.Folic acid supplementation:1. Normal pregnancy -0.5 mg in first trimester2. Pregnancy with history of NTD - folic acid 4mg daily, 1 month before conception continued for 12 weeks of pregna...
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medmcqa_train
Which one of the following hepatic lesions can be diagnosed with high accuracy by using nuclear imaging ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Focal nodular hyperplasia Liver parenchyma is primarily made up of two types of cells. i) Hepatocytes -> Perform excretory and synthetic function ii) Kupffer cells -> They have reticuloendothelial function Both these cells can be investigated with 99mTc labelled cells. Two types of radionucleide imagi...
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medmcqa_train
Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of arm is done by which muscle
Muscle Action Pectoralis major Adducts and medial rotation of arm Pectoralis minor Stabilizes the scapula Subclavius anchors and depresses the scapula Serratus Anterior protracts the scapula laterally rotates the scapula overhead abduction
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medmcqa_train
In a patient with poor glycemic control, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL, which of the following drug Rx would be best without the risk of myositis as its side effect?
Ans.B Nicotinic acidLIPID-LOWERING AGENTSDrugEffect on LDLEffect on HDLEffect on triglyceridesSide effects/problemsHMG-CoA reductase Inhibitors(Lovastatin, Simvastatin) pravastatin, Atorvastatin)|||||Expensive, reversible LFT's MyositisNiacin|||||Red, flushed fate, which is by aspirin or long-term useBile acid resins(c...
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Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism-
Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by a parathyroid adenoma. Single adenoma (90%), multiple adenomas(4%), nodular hyperplasia(5%), carcinoma(1%). Reference : page 769 Davidson's Principles and practice of Medicine 22nd edition
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O2 delivery to tissues depends on all of the following factors, EXCEPT:
The fundamental purpose of the cardiorespiratory system is to deliver O2 and nutrients to cells and to remove CO2 and other metabolic products from them. Proper maintenance of this function depends not only on intact cardiovascular (cardiac output) and respiratory systems but also on an adequate number of red blood cel...
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Which of the following is commonest primary intraocular tumour in childhood is
(Retinoblastoma): Ref: 280-KH, 358-K, 397-PRETINOBLASTOMA - is the most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood.* The retinoblastoma may be heritable (40%) or non heritable (60%)* The predisposing gene (RPE1) is at 13q14* Leukocoria (white papillary reflex) is the commonest (60%) presentation* Delation invol...
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Sho stature, secondary to growth hormone deficeincy is associated with -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Normal body propoion
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Malignant hyperthermia is caused due to which of the following mechanism?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Increased intracellular Ca o The mechanism involves a sudden rise in intracellular calcium due to release of stored calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum, stimulating contraction, rhabdomyolysis and a hypermetabolic state.o Tachycardia and not bradycardia, is a feature of malignant hyperthermia.MALIGN ANT...
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Posterior cardinal vein develops into:
-Right Posterior cardinal veins contribute to inferior vena cava and common iliac veins. Left anterior and Left posterior cardinal veins regress - Superior vena cava and jugular veins develop from anterior cardinal veins.
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All of the following are seen in polycythemia rubra vera except :
Answer is B (Decreased LAP Score): Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase is increased in polycythemia vera Characteristic features associated of polycythemia vera Elevated Red Cell Mass/ haematocrit (polycythemia)Q Normal aerial oxygen saturation (a low oxygen saturation would be a physiological stimulus) Plasma erythropoetin...
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A 52 year old woman has long standing rheumatoid ahritis (RA) and is being treated with coicosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Which of the following cardiac complications may arise in this clinical setting?
Long-standing inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid ahritis (RA) are associated with deposition of a form of amyloid known as AA (amyloid-associated protein), which may involve kidneys, hea, liver, skeletal muscle, and skin, for example. Amyloid deposition in the myocardium results in decreased compliance and impa...
6,770
medmcqa_train
Bleeding time is not prolonged in-
Bleeding time is prolonged in all the platelet disorders like ITP ,TTP and heparin and also prolonged in all types of coagulation disorders and DIC Where is it is normal in vascular diseases like vascular purpuras Reference: textbook of Pathology, 7th edition author Harsha Mohan, page number 317
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The "gp 120" in HIV helps in:
Virus attachment
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LASIK (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis) is useful in treatment of
Ans. d (All of the above) (Ref. Khurana's ophthalmology, 2nd ed., p 77; Parson's 20th/pg. 76)EXCIMER LASER IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS (LASER)# Principle:- Myopia is corrected with preservation of Bowman's layer.- A superficial corneal flap (approx. 160 pm) is created with a microkeratome.- The keratome is withdrawn, the fl...
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The tissues most sensitive to atropine are
Atropine is highly selective for muscarinic receptors. Its potency at nicotinic receptors is much lower, and actions at nonmuscarinic receptors are generally undetectable clinically.The effectiveness of antimuscarinic drugs varies with the tissue and with the source of agonist. In most tissues, antimuscarinic agents bl...
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Most common cause of scleritis -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Rheumato.id arthritis Scleritiso Scleritis is an uncommon disorder which is characterized by cellular infiltration, destruction of collagen and vascular remodelling. Scleritis is usually a bilateral disease and occurs most frequently in women. It is associated with connective tissue diseases in 50% of...
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medmcqa_train
Patellar plexus is formed by which nerve
Patellar Plexus - It is a plexus of fine nerves situated in front of the patella, the ligamentum patellae and the upper end of the tibia. It is formed by contributions from: (a)The anterior division of the lateral cutaneous nerve, (b) the intermediate cutaneous nerve, (c) the anterior division of the medial cutaneous n...
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NADPH used in which pathway-
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fatty acid synthesisUses of NADPH:* Reductive biosynthesis of lipids# Fatty acid synthesis# Cholesterol synthesis# Steroid hormone synthesis# Fatty acid elongation# Bileacid synthesis
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Ankylosing spondylitis may be associated with
Ref Davidson 23e p1030
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Sec. 377 IPC deals with: AIIMS 09
Ans. Sodomy
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All are used to produce controlled hypotension except
Isoflurane > sevoflurane > desflurane are the inhalational agents of choice for controlled hypotension.
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Relative Risk can be obtained from -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coho study
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A 60-year old male has a long 5tanding history of breathlessness lie has been a heavy smoker since the age of 20 years. Physical examination reveals an anxious male who is emaciated, puffing for breath but is not cyanosed. The chest is barrels shaped. An additional clinical finding would be -
From the history and clinical findings,the patient is having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-emphysematous type.it is characterised by hyperinflation of lungs with low set diaphragm.Breath sounds are typically quiet.Right hea failure and cor pulmonale can occur in severe cases,evident as bilateral pitting pedal e...
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All of the following are true about nosocomial infections except
Nosocomial infection occurs in a patient already suffering from a disease and a new infection is set up from another host or another external source. It occurs 48hours after admission or discharge from the hospital. Ref: Ananthanarayan& Paniker&;s textbook of microbiology, 9th edition. Pg no.71
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Tumor marker for Ca colon for follow up
Up to a half of all patients with colorectal cancer will develop liver metastases at some point and regular imaging of the liver (by ultrasound and CT scan) and measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is designed to diagnose this early, in order to allow curative metastectomy. Trials of the optimum follow-up path...
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If parents or guardian is not available consent can be taken from teacher or principal under
Loco parentis In an emergency involving children, when their parents or guardian are not available, consent can be taken from the person who is in charge of the child, eg. teacher or the principal of the residential school. They can give consent in the place of the parent. Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IG...
6,785
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True statements about Pneumococcus are all except
The virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae depends on; Capsular polysaccharide, because of its acidic and hydrophilic propeies, protects the cocci from phagocytosis. Capsulated streptococcus pneumoniae are not phagocytosed efficiently in fluid media or exudates, however, they are susceptible to surface phagocytosis, bei...
6,786
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Keshan disease is caused by deficiency of:
Ans. C. Selenium* Selenium is a constituent of glutathione peroxidase, an antioxidant in red blood cells and other tissues.* Glutathione peroxidase scavenges free Hydro peroxidases generated during fatty acid oxidation, thus protecting the cell from damage due to free radical formation.* Severe deficiency is the major ...
6,787
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Postganglionic sympathetic fibres are
The axons of postganglionic neurons are mostly unmyelinated C fibres and terminate on visceral effectors. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 23rd edition; pg:263.
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Which of the following drugs is recommended for the treatment of Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia?
Lepirudinis a recombinant preparation of hirudin which acts by inhibiting thrombin directly. It is the recommended drug for treatment of heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Ref: Goodman And Gillman's Manual of Pharmacology, 2007, Page 955; Clinical Hematology & Oncology By Bruce Furie, 2003, Page 488.
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The Sphenopalatine foramen is formed by all of the following structures, EXCEPT:
Sphenopalatine foramen is formed by the junction of the sphenopalatine incisure of the palatine bone with the sphenoid bone, located immediately posterior to the middle turbinate. This is the principal foramen through which branches of the sphenopalatine aery and maxillary nerve pass from the pterygopalatine fossa into...
6,790
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MRI is contraindicated in patients with:
Ans. A. Metallic foreign body in eyeApplications of MRI are many, but amongst the commonly imaged parts are brain, spine and musculoskeletal tissues.Contraindications to MRI:a. Cardiac pacemakersb. Intraocular metallic foreign bodyc. Cochlear implantsd. Prosthetic heart valvese. Aneurysmal clipsf. Claustrophobia
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True about cross section study-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Cross - sectional studieso Cross sectional study is the simplest form of an observational study.o It is also known as prevalence study.o It is based on a single examination of a cross - section of population at one point of timeo Results of this examination can be projected on the who...
6,792
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Angiotensin II receptor antagonist is
(Losartan) (453-54-KDT) (469-70-BB) (488-KDT6th)I. ACE-Inhibitors - Captropril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, benazepril, ramipril, perindopril (Available in India)* Quinapril, cilazapril, Zolfenopril, fosinopril (Marketed in other countries)II. Angiotensin Antagonists* Losartan, Candesartan and Irbesartan (Available in India...
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Arsenic causes :
A i.e. Rain drop pigmentation
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Part of eukaryotic DNA contributing to polypetide synthesisa) Exonb) Enhancerc) Leader sequenced) tRNAe) ncRNA
Exon (coding protein) : Sequence of a gene that is represented as m-RNA. Enhancer: Are special cis-acting DNA sequences that increase the rate of initiation of transcription of eukaryotic genes by RNA polymerase II. Leader sequence: Sequence at the 5' end of a mRNA that is not translated into protein. Non-coding RNA (n...
6,795
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Following are the features of persistent post operative pain except?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pain present for atleast 3 months Precision does not currently exist in defining persistent post operative pain, however following features are taken into consideration :- Pain that develops after surgical procedure Pain present for atleast 2 months Pain where other causes are excluded Pain from pre s...
6,796
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Jone's fracture is?
ANSWER: (A) Avulsion fracture of base of fifth metatarsalREF: APPENDIX-68 below for "ALPHABETICAL LIST OF EPONYMOUS FRACTURES"Jones fracture is avulsion fracture of base of fifth metatarsal APPENDIX - 68Alphabetical List of Eponymous FracturesFractureDescriptionMechanism of injuryAviators fractureFracture neck of talus...
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Most common cause for subdural hematoma
Injury to MMA or MMV - Epidural. Rupture of berry aneurysm - SAH.
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All of the following statement are true about wiskott Aldrich syndrome except
Ref Robbins 9/e p242;218 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked recessive disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, and a marked vul- nerability to recurrent infection, ending in early death; the only treatment is bone marrow transplantation. This is a curious syndrome in that the cli...
6,799
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