query stringlengths 17 395 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Does isoflurane alter energy substrate metabolism to preserve mechanical function in isolated rat hearts following prolonged no-flow hypothermic storage? | [
"Isoflurane enhances mechanical function in hearts subject to normothermic global or regional ischemia. The authors examined the effectiveness of isoflurane in preserving mechanical function in hearts subjected to cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic no-flow storage. The role of isoflurane in altering myoc... | [
"Post-ischemic contractile dysfunction is a contributor to morbidity and mortality after the surgical correction of congenital heart defects in neonatal patients. Pre-existing hypertrophy in the newborn heart can exacerbate these ischemic injuries, which may partly be due to a decreased energy supply to the heart r... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is hepatic ischemia associated with an increase in liver parenchyma nitric oxide that is in part enzyme-independent? | [
"Nitric oxide (NO) might be involved in liver response to local ischemia-reperfusion injury. A specific NO-sensitive electrode was inserted into liver parenchyma of anesthetized rabbits. After a 45-min period of stable NO signal, the vascular pedicle of the caudal lobe of the liver was clamped for 45 min, then the ... | [
"Sickle cell disease, a genetic red cell disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, occurs throughout the world. Hepatic dysfunction and liver damage may be present in sickle cell disease, but the pathogenesis of these conditions is only partially understood. Transgenic mice with sickle cell disease (SAD ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does cardiopulmonary bypass decrease G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity and expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells? | [
"Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated in the development of organ injury associated with cardiac surgery. At the molecular level, CPB is accompanied by a pronounced proinflammatory response including an increase in plasma interleukin (IL)-6. The IL-6 has been shown to be increased in rheumatoid arthriti... | [
"The vasodilatation characteristic of human septic shock is conventionally attributed to increased nitric oxide production, primarily by extrapolation of animal and human in vitro studies. There are no conclusive studies of human disease, and the cellular source of nitric oxide in human sepsis is not known. Haem ox... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does isoflurane decrease ATP sensitivity of guinea pig cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channel at reduced intracellular pH? | [
"Volatile anesthetics can protect the myocardium against ischemic injury by opening the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K(atp)) channels. However, direct evidence for anesthetic-channel interaction is still limited, and little is known about the role K(atp) channel modulators play in this effect. ... | [
"HMG CoA reductase inhibitors reduce cellular availability of mevalonate, a precursor in cholesterol synthesis. Since the cholesterol content of cell membranes is an important determinant of Na(+)-K(+) pump function we speculated that treatment with HMG CoA reductase inhibitors affects Na(+)-K(+) pump activity. We ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does restoration of teeth with more-viscous glass ionomer cement following radiation-induced caries? | [
"To assess the suitability of more-viscous conventional restorative glass ionomer cements (GICs) in a high-caries risk group of patients. Fifteen adult patients with radiation-induced caries were treated at a dental hospital by one dentist. Two encapsulated aesthetic GICs were used in each patient to restore 146 ca... | [
"Sources were Medline and the Cochrane Library. Studies included were in vivo with human subjects, had experimental and control groups, and gave quantitative results in English, German or French. Success and failure rates were derived from randomised controlled trials (RCT), clinical controlled trials (CCT), cohort... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Is a novel gene containing PDZ and LIM domains , PCD1 , overexpressed in human colorectal cancer? | [
"The process of colorectal cancer development involves accumulated genetic alterations affecting APC, K-ras and p53. A recently identified gene, PCD1, was reported to be up-regulated in human malignancies including colorectal cancers, but relationships between PCD1 gene expression and clinicopathological findings, ... | [
"Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare subtype of liver cancer occurring mostly in children and young adults. We have shown that FLC comprises two separate entities: pure (p-FLC) and mixed-FLC (m-FLC), differing in clinical presentation and course. We show that p-FLCs have a distinct gene expressio... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does relaxin cause proliferation of human amniotic epithelium by stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-II? | [
"The study was conducted to determine whether relaxin has a proliferative effect on amniotic epithelial cells and to show that this effect is caused by its stimulation of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene. Immunolocalization and Northern analysis were used to confirm the expression of IGF-II by the fe... | [
"Cancer invasion and metastasis are characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes metastasis and significant mortality. Elucidating factors promoting EMT in HCC are necessary to develop effective therapeutic strategies. The LH86 cell line was developed in our labora... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does dexamethasone or interleukin-10 block interleukin-1beta-induced uterine contractions in pregnant rhesus monkeys? | [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with the immune modulators dexamethasone or interleukin-10 prevents interleukin-1beta-induced uterine contractions in a nonhuman primate model. Thirteen chronically instrumented rhesus monkeys at 135 +/- 1 days of gestation (term, 167 days) received one ... | [
"Tanshione IIA (TSN) is the major active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese Medicine. TSN protects against antioxidant-induced liver injury, although the exact mechanism is not well understood. In this study, the protective effects of TSN was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does telomerase reconstitution immortalize human fetal hepatocytes without disrupting their differentiation potential? | [
"The availability of in vitro expandable human hepatocytes would greatly advance liver-directed cell therapies. Therefore, we examined whether human fetal hepatocytes are amenable to telomerase-mediated immortalization without inducing a transformed phenotype and disrupting their differentiation potential. Telomera... | [
"The impact of somatic cell proliferation rate on induction of pluripotent stem cells remains controversial. Herein, we report that rapid proliferation of human somatic fibroblasts is detrimental to reprogramming efficiency when reprogrammed using a lentiviral vector expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC in insulin... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands suppress colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice? | [
"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is known to regulate growth arrest and terminal differentiation of adipocytes and is used clinically as a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Recently, several studies have reported that treatment of cancer cells with PPARgamma ligands induces cell differen... | [
"Epidemiology studies have shown that obesity increases risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the contribution of obesity-induced increases in levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and hyperinsulinemia to the development of CRC in mice. Lean and obese mice (C57BL6/J and ob/ob) were given a combination... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does gastric electrical stimulation with short pulses reduce vomiting but not dysrhythmias in dogs? | [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 3 different methods of electrical stimulation in the prevention of vasopressin-induced emetic response and gastric dysrhythmias. Seven female hound dogs chronically implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes on gastric serosa were used in a 5-session study. S... | [
"Gastroparesis is a chronic gastric motility disorder affecting mostly young and middle-aged women who present with nausea, abdominal pain, early satiety, vomiting, fullness, and bloating. From April 1998 to September 2000, 25 patients underwent gastric pacemaker placement. All had documented delayed gastric emptyi... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induce c-Myc expression and cellular proliferation? | [
"Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis that secrete a zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin termed the B. fragilis toxin (BFT) have been associated with acute diarrheal disease. BFT rapidly cleaves the extracellular domain of E-cadherin, leading to the complete degradation of the E-cadherin protein. E-cadherin is the... | [
"Growth Arrest Specific gene product 6 (gas6) is a gamma-carboxylated protein that protects endothelial cells against apoptosis. Gas6 has previously been shown to induce phospatidyl-3-inositol-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Other studies have demonstrated a link between PI3K/Akt signaling and forkhead transcription f... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does parecoxib sodium have opioid-sparing effects in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia? | [
"This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the opioid-sparing effectiveness and clinical safety of parecoxib sodium over 48 h, in 195 postoperative patients after routine total knee replacement surgery. Elective total primary knee arthroplasty was performed under spinal anaesthesia, with a s... | [
"We evaluated the efficacy of intraarticular sufentanil in the prevention of postoperative pain after day-case arthroscopic procedures. Sixty patients were randomly assigned to receive either intraarticular sufentanil, 5 or 10 microg, and saline IV, or intraarticular saline and sufentanil 5 microg IV (control). All... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does extent of surgery and pathology evaluation have an impact on bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy? | [
"To evaluate whether the extent of surgery and of the pathology evaluation affects the outcome of patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy. The data from 637 patients with invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were analyzed. Associations between surgi... | [
"The first paper in this section, from Mainz, attempts to identify the clinical variables associated with the prevalence of lymph node metastases in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The authors found that delay in cystectomy in this potentially dangerous type of tumour is to be avoided, with a higher incidence o... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do phylogenetic analyses of diplomonad genes reveal frequent lateral gene transfers affecting eukaryotes? | [
"Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism among prokaryotes. The situation in eukaryotes is less clear; the human genome sequence failed to give strong support for any recent transfers from prokaryotes to vertebrates, yet a number of LGTs from prokaryotes to protists (unicellular eukaryote... | [
"Carotenoids are multifunctional, taxonomically widespread and biotechnologically important pigments. Their biosynthesis serves as a model system for understanding the evolution of secondary metabolism. Microbial carotenoid diversity and evolution has hitherto been analyzed primarily from structural and biosyntheti... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does aG-041R stimulate cartilage matrix synthesis without promoting terminal differentiation in rat articular chondrocytes? | [
"AG-041R, a novel indolin-2-one derivative, has recently been demonstrated to induce systemic hyaline cartilage hyperplasia in rats. The aim of this study was to characterize its anabolic actions on chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were isolated from knee joints of 5-week-old SD rats. Effects of AG-041R on cartilage matr... | [
"It is well documented that osteoarthritis (OA) can develop following traumatic joint injury and is the leading cause of lameness and subsequent wastage of equine athletes. Although much research of injury induced OA has focused on cartilage, OA is a disease that affects the whole joint organ. In this study, we inv... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Are peripheral and central arterial haemodynamic interactions early abnormalities in young male cigarette smokers? | [
"smoking, result in endothelial dysfunction and this affects systemic and local haemodynamics. The aim was to assess interactions of the left ventricle and arterial system of smokers at baseline and after a physiological stimulus--the cold pressor test (CPT) which causes a sympathetically driven vasoconstriction th... | [
"Adult diabetic patients have an abnormal cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia, but there are few studies focused on diabetes mellitus type 1 and cerebral blood flow in pediatric or adolescent patients. We hypothesize that young patients with diabetes exhibit a different response to hypercapnia than normal contr... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do effectiveness of a medical priority dispatch protocol for abdominal pain? | [
"Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) protocols are used to determine the appropriate level of emergency medical services (EMS) response that is sent to care for patients in the prehospital setting. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with abdominal pain who would benefit from... | [
"Secondary triage protocols have been described in the literature as physiologic (first-tier) criteria and mechanism-related (second-tier) criteria to determine the level of trauma activation. There is debate as to the efficiency of triage decisions based on mechanism of injury which may result in overtriage and ov... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do why patients with ESRD select self-care dialysis as a treatment option? | [
"In-center hemodialysis is the most prevalent (and resource-intense) form of dialysis in North America despite many patients being capable of performing dialysis themselves. The purpose of this study is to describe reasons in-center hemodialysis patients choose not to perform self-care dialysis and identify variabl... | [
"It has been shown that in-center hemodialysis (HD) nurses prefer in-center HD for patients with certain characteristics; however it is not known if their opinions can be changed. To determine if an education initiative modified the perceptions of in-center HD nurses towards home dialysis. Cross-sectional survey of... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is preexisting intimal hyperplasia of radial artery associated with early failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients? | [
"The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which provides the best vascular access for hemodialysis, continues to have a high incidence of early failure. Intimal hyperplasia (IH) of the radial artery is observed commonly in uremic patients before hemodialysis, but the impact of this preexisting IH on the early... | [
"Traditional options for treating ischemic steal syndrome related to a functioning dialysis access graft or fistula include banding or ligation. Unfortunately, these techniques usually result in inconsistent limb salvage, loss of a functional access, or both. We report our experience with an alternative method of l... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does 3-0 methylglucose absorption in vivo correlate with nutrient absorption and intestinal surface area in experimental short bowel syndrome? | [
"Inert carbohydrate probes are widely used to study intestinal permeability and examine the passive uptake of markers. This study examined the use of quantifying 3-0 methylglucose (3-0 MG) absorption as a marker of intestinal surface area and active nutrient transport capability. Using a rat model, varying degrees ... | [
"To determine the effects of enteral administration of glutamine on intestinal barrier function in experimental biliary obstruction. Extrahepatic biliary obstruction is associated with the failure of intestinal barrier function, allowing bacteria and other substances from the intestine to enter the circulation and ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Are changes in the 5-HT2A receptor system in the pre-mammillary hypothalamus of the ewe related to regulation of LH pulsatile secretion by an endogenous circannual rhythm? | [
"We wanted to determine if changes in the expression of serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A receptor) gene in the premammillary hypothalamus are associated with changes in reproductive neuroendocrine status. Thus, we compared 2 groups of ovariectomized-estradiol-treated ewes that expressed high vs low LH pulsatility in tw... | [
"Fluoxetine stimulates proliferation of progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus. There are suggestions that this action may underlie the therapeutic effects of such drugs in depression. Glucocorticoids also regulate neurogenesis, and there are multiple interactions between serotonin and corti... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do hydroxyapatite orbital implant vascularization assessed by magnetic resonance imaging? | [
"To report hydroxyapatite (HA) implant enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance (MR) images at varying time intervals after implantation. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 45 consecutive patients(from one author's practice) who underwent an MR imaging study 2 to 157 months after HA orbital implant placem... | [
"To monitor the development of graft vascularization by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) after pterygium excision with limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation (LCAT) and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT). Randomized prospective interventional case series. Anterior segment ICGA findings at one, seven... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does intensive care information system reduce documentation time of the nurses after cardiothoracic surgery? | [
"Nowadays, registration of patient data on paper is gradually being replaced by registration using an intensive care information system (ICIS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of an ICIS on nursing activity. Randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. An 18-bed medical-surgical ... | [
"With the evolution of anesthesia and surgical procedures, fast track extubation has gained an increased interest, mainly based on the possibility of reducing health costs seemingly without compromising patient care. To compare two groups of patients submitted to a non-fast track extubation and a fast track extubat... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does end-expiratory lung impedance change enable bedside monitoring of end-expiratory lung volume change? | [
"The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of lung volume changes on end-expiratory lung impedance change (ELIC) in mechanically ventilated patients, since we hypothesized that ELIC may be a suitable parameter to monitor lung volume change at the bedside. Clinical trial on patients requiring mechanical ven... | [
"To study the value of objective pressure-volume characteristics for predicting optimal airway pressures and the development of atelectasis and overstretching during a structured lung volume recruitment procedure with subsequent reduction in airway pressures. We used a mathematical model of a lung with adjustable c... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do prostate biopsy culture findings of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome differ from those of healthy controls? | [
"Previous reports have identified bacteria in the prostate of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. To examine whether prostatic bacteria are more prevalent among patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome than among those without pelvic pain, we compared 4-glass urine test and prostate biopsy results. A total of ... | [
"Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP) is a secreted protein that has been used as a serum prognostic marker for several types of cancers. A previous study showed that serum Mac-2BP was significantly higher (∼2-fold) in men with prostate cancer compared to healthy men. We investigated whether serum Mac-2BP could distingu... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is insulin resistance but not visceral adipose tissue associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American women? | [
"To compare plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels and to examine the association of PAI-1 with visceral adiposity and other components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CC) women. Cross-sectional study. 33 CC and 23 AA healthy... | [
"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that has a wide range of effects on glucose metabolism and cardiovascular function (e.g., improving insulin sensitivity, reduction in appetite, modulation of heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial contractility). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does chronic ethanol consumption modulate myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in murine AIDS? | [
"The severity of cardiovascular complications in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients may be associated with acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate ethanol consumption has myocardial protective effects. However, it is unknown if chronic ethanol consumption b... | [
"This study examined the impact of omentin on myocardial injury in a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and explored its underlying mechanisms. Obesity is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease. Omentin is a circulating adipokine that is down-regulated by obesity. In patients who underwent successful... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do surface EMG electrodes accurately record from lumbar multifidus muscles? | [
"This study investigated whether electromyographic signals recorded from the skin surface overlying the multifidus muscles could be used to quantify their activity. Comparison of electromyography signals recorded from electrodes on the back surface and from wire electrodes within four different slips of multifidus ... | [
"Changes in electromechanical delay during muscle activation are expected when there are substantial alterations in the structural properties of the musculotendinous tissue. In anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, specific tendons are being harvested for grafts. Thus, there is an associated scar tissue develo... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Are carotenoids decreased in biopsies from colorectal adenomas? | [
"A lower intake of carotenoids is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. In order to take advantage of the chemopreventive properties of carotenoids, it is necessary to determine carotenoid concentration at the target tissue. As early stages in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer mi... | [
"Selenium has been shown to inhibit cancer development and growth through the mediation of selenium-binding proteins. Decreased expression of selenium-binding protein 1 has been reported in cancers of the prostate, stomach, colon, and lungs. No information, however, is available concerning the roles of selenium-bin... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does a targeted approach significantly increase the identification rate of patients with undiagnosed haemochromatosis? | [
"To determine the optimal means of identifying patients with undiagnosed haemochromatosis. Case-control study where cases are defined by the presence of specific clinical diagnoses or symptoms. Primary care patients were recruited from three Oxfordshire practices and secondary care patients were recruited from thos... | [
"Is there a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of testicular inflammatory lesions?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Are phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer increased in lipoprotein lipase deficiency? | [
"Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are key enzymes in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating the transfer and exchange of phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipids between lipoproteins. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is associated with low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) level... | [
"Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia is thought to be primarily driven by increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis. However, experiments in animal models indicated that insulin deficiency should decrease hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reduce plasma triglyceride levels. To address the discrepancy between human data and gene... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is increased S100B in blood after cardiac surgery a powerful predictor of late mortality? | [
"Long-term outcome in patients who suffered stroke after undergoing a cardiac operation has been investigated sparingly, but increased long-term mortality has been reported. S100B is a biochemical marker of brain cell ischemia and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The aim of this investigation was to record the long... | [
"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children. Metabolic failure is an integral component of the pathological aftermath of TBI. The oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) is a valuable parameter for characterization and description of metabolic abnormalities; however, OEF measuremen... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does direct compression of the failing heart reestablish maximal mechanical efficiency? | [
"In failing hearts, homeostatic mechanisms contrive to maximize stroke work and maintain normal arterial blood pressure at the expense of energetic efficiency. In contrast dobutamine reestablishes maximal mechanical efficiency by promoting energetically optimal loading conditions. However, dobutamine also wastefull... | [
"Acute pulmonary hypertension may cause right ventricular (RV) contractile failure. While it has been assumed that restoration of normal loading conditions after acute pulmonary hypertension is sufficient for complete recovery of RV function, this has not been rigorously examined. The purpose of this study was to t... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does deferoxamine enhance neovascularization and recovery of ischemic skeletal muscle in an experimental sheep model? | [
"Iron chelators have been reported to interfere with inflammatory cells and possibly enhance vascular growth factor expression. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate in preventing skeletal muscle ischemia. The latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) was mobiliz... | [
"The possible relation between menopause and the development of peripheral arterial disease, especially lower extremity disease, has not been fully studied. To explore this issue, we investigated whether estrogen deficiency affected neovascularization in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Ischemia was surgically ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do eighty-four hours of sustained operations alter thermoregulation during cold exposure? | [
"PURPOSE; This study examined the effects of short-term (3.5 d) sustained military operations (SUSOPS) on thermoregulatory responses to cold stress. Ten men (22.8 +/- 1.4 yr) were assessed during a cold-air test (CAT) after a control week (control) and again after an 84-h SUSOPS (sleep = 2 h.d (-1), energy intake =... | [
"The word \"stress\" describes the status of the body affected by external or internal forces, or \"stressors\", threatening to alter its dynamic balance or homeostasis. The adaptive changes which occur in reply to stressors are either behavioral or physical. Once a given threshold is surpassed, a systemic reaction... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is multifocality of renal cell tumors a factor to consider before performing a partial nephrectomy? | [
"We conducted a retrospective analysis of radical nephrectomies performed in our clinic in order to evaluate the incidence of multifocality in relation to the stage, grade, size and histological type. Preoperative imaging studies and the final pathological results of surgical specimens were reviewed. Separate prima... | [
"Renal cell carcinoma in a renal graft is a rare condition whose incidence will increase in the future. To our knowledge no standardized treatment has been established for this disease. We performed a prospective study of nephron sparing surgery for small renal cell carcinoma in renal grafts. From January 2002 to D... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Are dual infections with HIV-1 , HIV-2 and HTLV-I more common in older women than in men in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"To investigate the association between the three human retroviruses, HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I. Community-based follow-up studies of retrovirus infections in two cohorts. A total of 2057 individuals aged 35 years and over were eligible for inclusion. Participants were interviewed and had a blood sample drawn. Sample... | [
"Areas endemic for malaria and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection largely overlap geographically. A recent study has suggested the existence of an interaction between the two pathogens in symptomatic co-infected individuals on the South-American continent. We examined this issue in a hyperendemic area for both patho... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Is the corneal stroma endowed with a significant number of resident dendritic cells? | [
"Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the normal stroma for the presence of DCs and other bone marrow (BM)-derived cells. Normal uninflamed corneas of BALB/c and other murine strains were ... | [
"Peripheral neuropathy is the most frequent neurological complication in diabetic patients. The diagnosis is established by both clinical neurological examination and demonstration of reduced epidermal nerve fibers in skin biopsies (1). Whereas the decrease of free nerve endings has been extensively studied in diab... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is nocturnal penile tumescence diminished but not ablated in postproctectomy impotence? | [
"We aimed to assess objectively the integrity of the parasympathetic neural pathway that controls the inflow choke vessels to the corpora cavernosa in a group of male patients with postproctectomy erectile dysfunction. The study group was male patients with erectile dysfunction after proctectomy for rectal cancer a... | [
"Is there a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of testicular inflammatory lesions?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Is elevation of arterial potassium during acute systemic hypoxia abolished by alkalosis? | [
"Small elevations in plasma potassium evoke vasodilation in the peripheral circulation. Systemic hypoxia elevates arterial potassium and also modifies arterial pH. We examined the interaction between pH and potassium in blood during systemic hypoxia and the effect of pH on the uptake/release of potassium in the per... | [
"There is a marked decrease of the right ventricular ejection fraction after the administration of a bolus of endotoxin to sheep. This hemodynamic response may be the result of thromboxane-mediated pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular function was studied in an ovine model after the administration of endotoxin... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do ocular complication of PhotoDerm VL therapy for facial port-wine stain? | [
"A case of focal damage to the iris with distortion of the pupil secondary to PhotoDerm therapy in a 2-year-old boy is reported. To study ocular complication of photoDerm VL therapy for facial port-wine stain. METHODS. : Observatory case report. PhotoDerm VL therapy may damage ocular tissues."
] | [
"Dermal pigmented lesion, or acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules, is a common entity in Asian skin. There are no established data supporting the safety, effectiveness, and cosmesis of its treatment. The lesions do not respond to bleaching or peeling agents. To search for a means of treatment that is cost e... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Is a proapoptotic caspase recruitment domain protein gene , TMS1 , hypermethylated in human breast and gastric cancers? | [
"Conway et al. demonstrated that methylation of the proapoptotic gene, TMS1, was observed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, resulting in decreased TMS1 gene transcription. However, whether the TMS1 gene is hypermethylated in other cancers is uncertain. The expression of TMS1 mRNA was determined by quantitati... | [
"The aim of this paper was to investigate the function an importance of E3-ubiquitin ligase ZnRF3 in the progression of cancer cell growth. A total of 58 patients (44 males and 14 females) were enrolled in the study and their gastric tumors were removed surgically and were staged by the TNM approach. Among these pa... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha expression independent of anemia in patients with stage I endometrial cancer? | [
"To investigate whether anemia, a putative factor counteracting the efficacy of radiotherapy, up-regulates the endogenous markers of intratumoral hypoxia, the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1 alpha and HIF2 alpha. Forty-two hysterectomy specimens harboring endometrial adenocarcinomas of the endometrioid cell type, st... | [
"Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Even with complete resection, the prognosis of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer is poor due to local and distant recurrence, and it remains unclear which biomarkers are clinically useful for predicting recurrence or for determining the effic... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is buspirone-induced antinociception mediated by L-type calcium channels and calcium/caffeine-sensitive pools in mice? | [
"Previous studies have shown that buspirone, a partial 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, produces antinociceptive effects in rats and mice; Ca(2+) plays a critical role as a second messenger in mediating nociceptive transmission. 5-HT(1A) receptors have been proven to be coupled functionally with various types of Ca(2+) c... | [
"Changes in cerebrospinal fluid osmotic pressure modulate brain excitability. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which is sensitive to hypotonic stimulation, is expressed in hippocampus. The present study investigated the effect of hypotonic stimulation on hippocampal synaptic transmission and the ro... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does delivery of matrix metalloproteinase-1 attenuate established liver fibrosis in the rat? | [
"During hepatic fibrogenesis, the hepatic extracellular matrix changes to fibrillar collagens types I and III, and cirrhosis is believed to produce an irreversible scar. In this study, we investigated whether gene delivery of human matrix metalloproteinase-1, which degrades collagens types I and type III, would att... | [
"Obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia and is also a risk factor for fibrosis and severity of fibrosis in several chronic liver diseases. The correlation between increased leptin, obesity and hepatic fibrosis prompted us to hypothesise that leptin has profibrogenic effects on the liver. We analysed the role of... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does antiproliferative property of sphingosine 1-phosphate in rat hepatocytes involve activation of Rho via Edg-5? | [
"Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a ligand for G protein-coupled endothelial differentiation gene-1 (Edg-1), Edg-3, Edg-5, Edg-6, and Edg-8, elicits a variety of responses by cells. Prominent among these is cell proliferation. S1P is abundantly stored in platelets and released upon their activation, suggesting that S... | [
"Lysophospholipids regulate the morphology and growth of neurons, neural cell lines, and neural progenitors. A stable human neural progenitor cell line is not currently available in which to study the role of lysophospholipids in human neural development. We recently established a stable, adherent human embryonic s... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does bicalutamide dose-dependently inhibit proliferation in human prostatic carcinoma cell lines and primary cultures? | [
"Androgen antagonists inhibit prostatic cell proliferation in normal and pathological conditions and are useful antitumor agents in prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Bicalutamide (BCLT) is a well-known non-steroidal antiandrogenic agent able to interfere with androgen receptor (AR). We tested the efficacy of BCLT in inhib... | [
"Dihydrotestosterone is the main active androgen in the prostate and it has a role in prostate cancer progression. After androgen deprivation therapy androgen receptor signaling is still active in tumor cells. Persistent intratumor steroidogenesis and androgen receptor changes are responsible for this continued act... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Are mR findings of collateral circulation more accurate measures of hemodynamic significance than arm-leg blood pressure gradient after repair of coarctation of the aorta? | [
"To determine the relationship between percent stenosis and three indicators of hemodynamic significance-arm-leg blood pressure gradient, direct visualization of collaterals, and percent increase flow from proximal to distal descending thoracic aorta-in patients with prior repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). ... | [
"This study was designed to determine if fractional systolic/diastolic pressures act as predictors of the extent of coronary artery disease. A total of 545 consecutive patients (305 men, 240 women, with mean age 54.2 years) were involved in the study. The patients were diagnosed with coronary and non-coronary arter... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do diet in midpuberty and sedentary activity in prepuberty predict peak bone mass? | [
"An average daily calcium intake of 1300 mg is recommended for North American adolescents aged 9-18 y. However, questions remain about these recommendations. We assessed whether there is a stage of puberty when dietary calcium is more strongly related to peak bone mass, as indicated by young adult bone mass (YABM);... | [
"To observe whether there exists a characteristic body fat mass at pubertal onset. Longitudinal clinical follow-up (between ages of 10 and 15 y) with an annual visit in a sample of 469 children. They were grouped according to age of purbertal onset: boys with pubertal onset at the ages of 11 (n=59), 12 (n=88), 13 n... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does inhibition of lipolysis improve insulin sensitivity in protease inhibitor-treated HIV-infected men with fat redistribution? | [
"Fatty acid concentrations are increased in patients with HIV and fat redistribution and may contribute to insulin resistance in this population. We determined the effects of acute inhibition of lipolysis on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution who were receiving a protease inhibitor... | [
"Development of Type 2 diabetes, like obesity, is promoted by a genetic predisposition. Although several genetic variants have been identified they only account for a small proportion of risk. We have asked if genetic risk is associated with abnormalities in storing excess lipids in the abdominal subcutaneous adipo... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does radiofrequency treatment weaken the fatigue characteristics of rabbit anterior cruciate ligament? | [
"To evaluate the radiofrequency treatment applied to an intact anterior cruciate ligament, and to quantify the mechanical effects of controlled cyclic loading (simulating activities of daily living) post-treatment. An in vitro radiofrequency energy application to the rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and cyclic loa... | [
"The mechanical properties of three materials (No. 2 polypropylene, No. 5 polybutilate-coated multifilament polyester and 18, 27 and 36 kg test monofilament nylon leader material) commonly used for extra-capsular stabilisation of the stifle in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency were determined. The a... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does sevoflurane anaesthesia induce the formation of sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children? | [
"Compound A, a degradation product of sevoflurane, has been demonstrated to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro as a marker for possible genotoxicity. We investigated the formation of SCE in mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocytes of 40 children undergoing sevoflurane anaesthesi... | [
"To examine how folate status influences chromosomal damage following X-ray irradiation. In an animal study, mice were fed either a low, basal, or high folic acid diet (0, 2, or 40 mg/kg diet, respectively) for 4 weeks, and then given total body irradiation (TBI) at 0.5 Gy. In a human study, subjects were supplemen... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do hydrogen-potassium ATPase inhibitors induce relaxation on rabbit prostatic strips in vitro? | [
"To determine the relaxant effect of omeprazole and lansaprazole, hydrogen-potassium (H+-K+) ATPase inhibitors, on rabbit prostatic tissue in vitro. Male New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed and their prostatic tissues were removed. The prostatic stromal strips were mounted in organ baths and relaxation respon... | [
"Crassostrea gigas oyster extract has been reported to have antioxidant, antihypertensive and lipid-lowering properties that may be useful for treating cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of C. gigas oyster extract on cardiovascular function in tissues from healthy rats. Single-cell mic... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Are low birth weight and high birth weight infants both at an increased risk to have type 2 diabetes among schoolchildren in taiwan? | [
"To study the effect of birth weight on risk of type 2 diabetes in the schoolchildren in Taiwan. From 1992 to 1997, all schoolchildren aged 6-18 years were screened for diabetes in Taiwan Province. This cohort consisted of 1,966 patients with diabetes and 1,780 randomly selected subjects with normal fasting glycemi... | [
"Is there any effect of genetic polymorphisms in adiposity-related genes on the timing of menarche and menopause and the total duration of menstruation among Korean women?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Are short-term , delayed , and working memory impaired during hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes? | [
"To examine the effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on short-term, delayed, and working memory in individuals with type 1 diabetes. A hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp was used to maintain arterialized blood glucose level at either 4.5 mmol/l (euglycemia) or 2.5 mmol/l (hypoglycemia) on two separate occasion... | [
"Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder involving the basal ganglia. Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is an important risk factor for Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. However, the association between Parkinson's disease and Diabetes Mellitus is controversial. To investigate glucose metabolism abnormali... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do irritable bowel syndrome patients show enhanced modulation of visceral perception by auditory stress? | [
"Symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are sensitive to psychological stressors. These effects may operate through an enhanced responsiveness of the emotional motor system, a network of brain circuits that modulate arousal, viscerosomatic perception, and autonomic responses associated with emotional r... | [
"Although high levels of negative affect and cognitions have been associated with greater pain sensitivity in chronic pain conditions, the neural mechanisms mediating the hyperalgesic effect of psychological factors in patients with pain disorders are largely unknown. In this cross-sectional study, we hypothesized ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do the cumulative effect of high click rate on monaural and binaural processing in the human auditory brainstem? | [
"The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of high stimulus rate and click position in the train on monaurally and binaurally evoked activities in the human auditory brainstem and suggest their possible physiological mechanism. Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEPs) were recorded from 15 n... | [
"In the past decade, contralateral sound suppression of otoacoustic emissions has been extensively used to study the role of the medial olivocochlear efferent in humans. In most studies, the suppressive effect of contralateral sound stimulation was not greater than 2 to 4 dB. However, the relation between the degre... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do galvanic and acoustic vestibular stimulation activate different populations of vestibular afferents? | [
"To deduce whether similar or distinct populations of vestibular afferents are activated by acoustic and galvanic vestibular stimulation by comparing the effectiveness of 'matched' stimuli in eliciting vestibulospinal reflexes. Twelve subjects (5 men, 7 women) underwent individual 'matching' of 2 ms tone burst and ... | [
"Investigate whether electrical stimulation of the spinal cord adapted to trigger locomotor patterns additionally influences dorsal horn networks. An in vitro model of isolated neonatal rat spinal cord was used to repetitively deliver electrical stimuli to lumbar dorsal roots and record from homolateral lumbar dors... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does diabetes mellitus increase the in vivo activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 in humans? | [
"Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is thought to activate a number of protoxins, and has been implicated in the development of liver disease. Increased hepatic expression of CYP2E1 occurs in rat models of diabetes but it is unclear whether human diabetics display a similar up-regulation. This study was designed to test ... | [
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) generally impacts clearance of renally eliminated drugs but growing evidence shows that it can influence clearance of hepatically eliminated drugs and a complete mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon is still lacking. CKD leads to accumulation of uremic toxins, including indoxyl... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does milk sphingomyelin accelerate enzymatic and morphological maturation of the intestine in artificially reared rats? | [
"Sphingomyelin (SPM) is the dominant phospholipid, comprising 38% of total human milk phospholipids. Although little is known about the nutritional importance of SPM during the neonatal period, SPM may affect the growth and development of tissues in the newborn infant through mechanisms regulating cell proliferatio... | [
"In newborns, colonizing bacteria and enteral nutrition are important for early gut development and immunity. However, in preterm newborns, bacterial colonization, coupled with enteral feeding, can lead to marked intestinal inflammation and disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that the i... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does occlusive wrap dressing reduce infection rate in saphenous vein harvest site? | [
"Infection in the saphenous vein harvest site is a common problem. We developed an occlusive circumferential wrap dressing technique that reduces skin edge tension, eliminates dead space, and prevents external contamination. We compared the surgical site infection rate using the wrap dressing technique with that of... | [
"We describe and report our results using endoscopic vein harvest (EVH) for lower extremity arterial bypass procedures, following the implementation of technical modifications specific to patients undergoing limb salvage procedures. We underwent training in EVH, followed by implementation of the technique in patien... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is pancreatitis in Fontan patients related to impaired ventricular relaxation? | [
"Pancreatitis following cardiopulmonary bypass is a well-known complication in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the occurrence of pancreatitis in pediatric patients undergoing repair of congenital heart disease is under-appreciated. Post-Fontan patients are particularly prone to postoperative pancreatiti... | [
"In Fontan candidates, we have recently been aggressively performing the Damus-Kaye-Stansel procedure (DKS) to prevent increased afterload on the systemic ventricle. The present study investigated the efficacy of the DKS procedure in terms of the ventricular function following a Fontan operation. Patients undergoin... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Do five-year maintenance of bone mineral density in women master runners? | [
"Prior research has suggested that chronic running may not prevent age-related bone loss in women and may inhibit the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally determine the effect of chronic running exercise alone, and in conjunction with HRT, on bone m... | [
"In order to definitude the influence caused by the different sampling in voice assessment. We comparing the results acquired by total section and subsection sampling. The results acquired by subsection tended to normal more than those acquired by total section."
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does reduced expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 sensitize human breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its combination with 5-fluorouracil? | [
"The favorable clinical activity of paclitaxel has prompted considerable interest in combining this agent with other clinically effective antineoplastic agents including the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Our previous studies indicated that simultaneous exposure or pretreatment with 5-FU could significantly ... | [
"High-grade gliomas are difficult to treat due to their location behind the blood-brain barrier and to inherent radioresistance and chemoresistance. Because tumorigenesis is considered a multistep process of accumulating mutations affecting distinct signaling pathways, combinations of compounds, which inhibit nonov... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is sustained tyrosine-phosphorylation of FAK through Rho-dependent adhesion to fibronectin essential for cancer cell migration? | [
"Co-stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and fibronectin (FN) is essential for migration of rat ascites hepatoma MMI cells. We examined the roles of LPA and FN in Rho-FAK pathway to migration. We evaluated the morphology, phagokinetic motility and the status of Rho activation and tyrosine-phosphorylation of... | [
"Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) has been shown to be upregulated in various malignancies but its exact function remains unclear. Here, it is revealed that CLIC1 is critical for the stability of invadopodia in endothelial and tumor cells embedded in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix of fibrin. Invadopodia stabil... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does low calcium dialysate increase cardiac relaxation in CAPD patients? | [
"To establish whether changes in serum calcium affect left ventricular (LV) function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. This study was conducted on 28 clinically stable CAPD patients (11 females, 17 males). Left ventricular relaxation and systolic function were echocardiographically exami... | [
"Residual renal function is beneficial for adequacy of haemodialysis, quality of life and mortality in dialysis patients. Our prospective randomised investigation aimed to analyse the effects of the microbiological quality of dialysis fluid on the course of residual renal function after initiation of haemodialysis.... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does computer analysis of mFISH chromosome aberration data uncover an excess of very complicated metaphases? | [
"To analyse spectra of chromosome aberrations induced in vitro by low LET radiation, in order to characterize radiation damage mechanisms quantitatively. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) allows the simultaneous identification of each homologous chromosome pair by its own colour. mFISH data, spec... | [
"Chromosome instability leads to aneuploidy, a state in which cells have abnormal numbers of chromosomes, and is found in two out of three cancers. In a chromosomal instable p53 deficient mouse model with accelerated lymphomagenesis, we previously observed whole chromosome copy number changes affecting all lymphoma... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does [ research on morphology and anatomy of root system of Dendrobium nobile Lindl ]? | [
"To understand the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Dendrobium nobile so as to provide scientific basis for its domestication and cultivation. The root's morphological development and interior structure were investigated."
] | [
"Hydrogen sulfide (H Endothelial cells EAhy 926 were treated with 50 μM of H With the treatment of H"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do [ The normal value of DPOAE and effect of intensity differ of probe tone ]? | [
"To investigate the normal value of DPOAE and effect of intensity differ of probe tone. 30 subjects (60 ears) age from 17 to 40 were examined in this article, and the amplitude of DPOAE were measured when using L1 = L2 = 70 dB SPL and L1 = 70 dB SPL, L2 = 65 dB SPL. DPOAE was recorded in 100%. The amplitude of DPOA... | [
"Hydrogen sulfide (H Endothelial cells EAhy 926 were treated with 50 μM of H With the treatment of H"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does dNMT1 gene copy number influence susceptibility to development of malignant lymphoproliferative disease? | [
"For many years, the methylating enzyme DNMT1 has been thought to critically influence neoplastic transformation. To determine if DNMT1 is involved in the early events of malignant transformation of lymphoid cells, we investigated whether allele-specific variation in the gene copy number of DNMT1 influences suscept... | [
"Is there a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of testicular inflammatory lesions?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is hemodilution common in patients with advanced heart failure? | [
"Anemia frequently occurs in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. A low hematocrit may result from an increased plasma volume (hemodilution) or from reduced red blood cell volume (true anemia). The prevalence and clinical outcome of CHF patients with hemodilution is unknown.... | [
"To examine the molecular mechanisms by which bicalutamide may cause heart failure in an elderly patient. Retrospective analysis of bicalutamide as a cause of heart failure in Mr FD, an 82 years old with prostate cancer. Following months of therapy, Mr FD was diagnosed with heart failure. Bicalutamide has been ceas... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is herpes simplex virus type II a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cancer of the uterine cervix? | [
"Cells that were cotransfected with herpes simplex virus-16 and the herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 DNA induce tumors in nude mice. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cervical cancer. Cervical cells that were obtained with ... | [
"To map the expression of Ber-EP4 in well-differentiated squamous epithelia, metaplastic squamous epithelia and dysplastic squamous epithelia of different origins. Squamous epithelium of different origin was stained using a standard immunohistochemistry method applied to paraffin sections. We found that normal squa... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does endometritis predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease? | [
"We investigated the association between endometritis and reproductive morbidity. Participants were 614 women in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Study with pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. We compared women with endometritis (>or=... | [
"Is there a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of testicular inflammatory lesions?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene associated with insulin resistance but not with dyslipidemia? | [
"To investigate the relationship of the K121Q polymorphism of the plasma cell glycoprotein 1 (PC-1) gene with insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and lipids and lipoproteins. Altogether, 110 normoglycemic subjects (group I) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp for evaluation of insulin sensitivity. The ... | [
"This study aimed to identify genes that are expressed in skeletal muscle, encode proteins with functional significance in mitochondria, and are associated with type 2 diabetes. We screened for differentially expressed genes in skeletal muscle of Psammomys obesus (Israeli sand rats), and prioritised these on the ba... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does improvement of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in prolonged cardiac surgery by automated alert in the operating room? | [
"To assess the impact of an automated intraoperative alert to redose prophylactic antibiotics in prolonged cardiac operations. Randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded trial. University-affiliated hospital. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery that lasted more than 4 hours after the preoperative administration of c... | [
"Despite an increase in physician and public awareness and advances in infection control practices, surgical site infection (SSI) remains to be one of the most common complications after an operation. Surgical site infections have been shown to decrease health-related quality of life, double the risk of readmission... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does an antifungal compound produced by Bacillus subtilis YM 10-20 inhibit germination of Penicillium roqueforti conidiospores? | [
"To identify and characterize an antifungal compound produced by Bacillus subtilis YM 10-20 which prevents spore germination of Penicillium roqueforti. The antifungal compound was isolated by acid precipitation with HCl. This compound inhibited fungal germination and growth. Identification by HPLC and mass spectrom... | [
"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain, a cysteine protease isolated from pineapple (Ananas comosus), on growth of several agronomically important fungal pathogens. Purification of bromelain from pineapple stems was carried out by chromatography techniques, and its antimicrobial activity was tested a... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is the hepatocyte a direct target for transforming-growth factor beta activation via the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor? | [
"The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) is overexpressed in hepatocytes during liver regeneration and has been implicated in the maturation of latent pro-transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). In this study, we have: (1) kinetically characterized the changes in CIMPR expression in regenerat... | [
"Cardiac remodelling is associated with changes in contractile proteins and their performance, alterations in energy production and intracellular calcium homeostasis, as well as changes in extracellular matrix proteins. Some of these processes may be mediated through the gp130 receptor complex. Patients with heart ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors protective against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice? | [
"mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists protect rat hepatocytes against hypoxic death. Here, we have examined whether mGlu5 receptor antagonists are protective against liver damage induced by oxidative stress. Toxicity of isolated hepatocytes was induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) after pretrea... | [
"Hyperammonemia and inflammation cooperate to induce neurological alterations in hepatic encephalopathy. Recent studies in animal models suggest that chronic hyperammonemia and neuroinflammation impair learning ability by the same mechanism. Chronic hyperammonemia might induce inflammatory factors in the brain that... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does the canine copper toxicosis gene MURR1 cause non-Wilsonian hepatic copper toxicosis? | [
"Non-Wilsonian hepatic copper toxicosis includes Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC), endemic Tyrolean infantile cirrhosis (ETIC) and the non-Indian disease known as idiopathic copper toxicosis (ICT). These entities resemble the hepatic copper overload observed in livers of Bedlington terriers with respect to their cl... | [
"Aceruloplasminemia is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease associated with brain and liver iron accumulation which typically presents with movement disorders, retinal degeneration, and diabetes mellitus. Ceruloplasmin is a multi-copper ferroxidase that is secreted into plasma and facilitates cellul... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do in-hospital symptoms of depression predict mortality 3 years after myocardial infarction? | [
"The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between symptoms of depression following myocardial infarction (MI) and 3-year survival status. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed by 288 patients hospitalized for MI. Patients' cardiological status, including indices of disease severity, were rec... | [
"The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sulfonylurea drug use on outcome in diabetic patients undergoing direct coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Sulfonylurea drugs impair ischemic preconditioning. Whether sulfonylurea drugs affect outcome adversely in diabetic patients undergoin... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does nitric oxide synthase inhibition improve renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites? | [
"Based mainly on animal experiments, nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to account for the peripheral arterial vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to clarify whether a reduction of NO synthesis would ameliorate the circulatory and renal dysfunction in decompensat... | [
"The hyperdynamic circulation of hepatic cirrhosis is related to decreased systemic vascular resistance due to arterial vasodilation. Urotensin II plasma levels are increased in cirrhotic patients, and have been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of systemic haemodynamic alterations. To evaluate the relat... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does angiotensinogen M235T genotype predict progression in chronic renal allograft dysfunction? | [
"Genotypes of the renin-angiotensin system have been implicated in essential hypertension and in progression of native kidney diseases, but gene effects on progression in chronic renal allograft dysfunction are unclear. To examine gene effects on long-term renal allograft function, we conducted a prospective cohort... | [
"Apart from their important role in mediating calcium homeostasis, vitamin D derivatives regulate numerous vitamin D receptor-mediated renoprotective cellular functions including cell differentiation, negative regulation of inflammation, and fibrosis. Renal models of chronic kidney injury and clinical observational... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is nuclear accumulation of p53 a potential marker for the development of squamous cell lung cancer in smokers? | [
"To determine whether the nuclear accumulation of p53 in patients with early bronchial neoplasia represents an altered susceptibility for the development of lung cancer. We evaluated the percentage of cells accumulating nuclear p53 immunohistochemically in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, the associated u... | [
"Is there a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of testicular inflammatory lesions?"
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does twelve months of treatment with octreotide-LAR reduce joint thickness in acromegaly? | [
"To evaluate the role of age, gender, duration and control of acromegaly on the reversibility of arthropathy. 30 de novo patients with active acromegaly, 30 cured patients and 30 healthy subjects were studied in a tranverse and an open longitudinal study design. Shoulder, wrist and knee thickening was measured by u... | [
"To evaluate the effects of raloxifene administration on uterine leiomyoma size in premenopausal women. Prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial. Tertiary care unit, University of Vienna, Austria. Twenty-five premenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas. Three months of treatment with raloxifen... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does selenomethionine affect PSA secretion independent of its effect on LNCaP cell growth? | [
"Individuals supplemented with selenium have reduced incidence of prostate cancer. This study determines whether selenomethionine specifically affects the secretion of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in vitro. LNCaP cells were supplemented with selenomethionine for 7 days. PSA secretion was determined by ELISA. Cel... | [
"Oestrogen is an important hormone supporting the growth and evolution of breast cancer. alpha 2-Macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2MR/LRP) is a multifunctional membrane receptor for endocytosis of various ligands involved in protease and cytokine activity regulation. Th... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Do clinical signs of pulmonary congestion predict outcome in patients with acute chest pain? | [
"Pulmonary congestion is associated with poor outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In consecutive patients presenting with acute unexplained chest pain to a primary care facility, the prognostic impact of pulmonary congestion is indeterminate. Therefore, we assessed the predictive value of clinical si... | [
"Sepsis is a leading cause of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the characteristics and outcome of sepsis-associated ALI are poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate factors that predict patient outcome in sepsis-associated ALI. Secondary analysis of a multicenter, prospective, observational study was performed. Am... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does gene therapy delivery of endostatin enhance the treatment efficacy of radiation? | [
"To evaluate whether sustained expression of mouse endostatin by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer can enhance the treatment efficacy of ionizing radiation. Mouse endostatin was cloned into recombinant AAV (rAAV) under the control of CMV beta-actin promoter. Recombinant mouse endostatin expressed ... | [
"Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common form of brain cancer with an average survival of less than 12 months, is a highly aggressive and fatal disease characterized by survival of glioma cells following initial treatment, invasion through the brain parenchyma and destruction of normal brain tissues, and ult... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Is the effect of electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on seizures frequency dependent? | [
"Animal studies and anecdotal human case reports have indicated that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may be a site of anticonvulsant action. We tested the hypothesis that continuous electrical stimulation of the STN inhibits seizures acutely. We determined the effects of three stimulation frequencies, 130 Hz, 260 Hz,... | [
"Pathological crying has been rarely reported after deep brain stimulation. The exact neural substrate is unknown, but it is often assumed that pathological crying and the pseudobulbar syndrome result from disturbances of a common neural pathway. Case report. Tertiary referral center for neurosurgery. Patient A 48-... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does gabapentin increase the hyperpolarization-activated cation current Ih in rat CA1 pyramidal cells? | [
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of partial seizures, but its mode of action is still unclear. The genesis of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy is thought to be crucially influenced by intrinsic membrane properties. Because the Ih substantially contributes to the intrinsic membrane proper... | [
"The necessity for, or redundancy of, distinctive KChIP proteins is not known. Deletion of KChIP2 leads to increased susceptibility to epilepsy and to a reduction in IA and increased excitability in pyramidal hippocampal neurons."
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Is down-regulation of TRF1 , TRF2 and TIN2 genes important to maintain telomeric DNA for gastric cancers? | [
"The maintenance of telomeres may be required for long-term proliferation of tumors. Activity of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeres, has been found in almost all human tumors but not in adjacent normal cells. Several factors which regulate telomere length, TRF1 and 2, TIN2, tankyrase a... | [
"CHK2 kinase is a tumor suppressor that plays important role in DNA damage signaling, cell cycle regulation and DNA damage induced apoptosis. CHK2 kinase expression was known to be ubiquitous in mammalian cells. CHK2-/- cells were remarkably resistant to DNA damage induced apoptosis, mimicking the clinical behavior... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Does zoledronic acid exhibit inhibitory effects on osteoblastic and osteolytic metastases of prostate cancer? | [
"In this study we have examined the effects of zoledronic acid (ZA), a new-generation bisphosphonate, on prostate cancer (CaP) cells in vitro, and on both osteoblastic and osteolytic CaP metastases in animal models. In vitro, CaP cells were treated with ZA, and the effects on proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosi... | [
"The melanoma cellular adhesion molecule, also known as MUC18, is highly expressed on several tumors, including bone sarcomas. The level of MUC18 expression has been found to correlate directly with tumor progression and metastatic potential. These observations have established MUC18 as a candidate mediator of tumo... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
Are transient ischaemic attacks associated with increased rates of global cerebral atrophy? | [
"To determine whether patients presenting with a first transient ischaemic attack (TIA) subsequently show increased rates of brain atrophy compared with age matched controls; and to assess potential risk factors for brain atrophy in this group. 60 patients with a first, isolated TIA and 26 age and sex matched contr... | [
"Cognitive dysfunction is more frequent after cardiac surgery. However, the preoperative cognitive state is seldom assessed when the effects of cardiac surgery on cognition are investigated. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be associated with the preoperative cognitive state and the existence of cerebral isc... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does hap4p overexpression in glucose-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce cells to enter a novel metabolic state? | [
"Metabolic and regulatory gene networks generally tend to be stable. However, we have recently shown that overexpression of the transcriptional activator Hap4p in yeast causes cells to move to a state characterized by increased respiratory activity. To understand why overexpression of HAP4 is able to override the s... | [
"The fermentation of sugars to alcohols by microbial systems underpins many biofuel initiatives. Short chain alcohols, like n-butanol, isobutanol and isopropanol, offer significant advantages over ethanol in terms of fuel attributes. However, production of ethanol from resistant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains is ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Do [ Use X-ray or CR to evaluate the operation result of the cochlear implant ]? | [
"To evaluate the cochlear implant operation by the use of X-ray or CR. There are 15 ears 15 cases which were completed the cochlear implant operation, after operation the implant electrode array was shown by the use of X-ray or CR. The shape and station of those were normal, average insered depth was 23.05 mm, come... | [
"A case of focal damage to the iris with distortion of the pupil secondary to PhotoDerm therapy in a 2-year-old boy is reported. To study ocular complication of photoDerm VL therapy for facial port-wine stain. METHODS. : Observatory case report. PhotoDerm VL therapy may damage ocular tissues."
] | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does presurgical depression predict medical morbidity 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | [
"Depression has been related to poor medical prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and to diminished quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). However, prior studies have not fully examined the impact of depression on medical outcomes after CABG. The purpose of this study was t... | [
"The aim of this study was to ascertain the preva lence and pattern of surgical and medical adverse events in patients undergoing Hartmann's reversal for diverticular dis ease. A comparison of postoperative outcomes is made be tween Hartmann's reversal and primary resection and anas tomosis. Data were collected fro... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is blood flow per unit retinal nerve fibre tissue volume lower in the human inferior retina? | [
"To determine if perfusion per unit tissue volume of retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head in the inferior sector is lower than in the superior sector. Heidelberg retinal tomogram (HRT) for topographic measurement of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer and Heidelberg retinal flowmeter (HRF) for ... | [
"To investigate the relationship between age and chorioretinal hemodynamics in normal volunteers examined with Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG-NAVI). 107 eyes of 107 healthy volunteers aged from 21 to 78 years old were included. Laser speckle flowgraphy measurements of relative blood velocity (mean blur rate: MBR), ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Does a fermented milk high in bioactive peptides have a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects? | [
"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) plays a dual role in the regulation of hypertension: it catalyzes the production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and it inactivates the vasodilator bradykinin. By inhibiting these processes, ACE inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Peptides derived from m... | [
"Many agents (nutrients, nutraceuticals, and drugs) that enhance insulin sensitivity and/or reduce circulating insulin concentrations lower blood pressure (BP). Recently, it was reported that cinnamon has the potential to favorably influence the glucose/insulin system. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study ... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical query for retrieving relevant passages:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical passage for retrieval:"
} |
Does high glucose impair superoxide production from isolated blood neutrophils? | [
"Superoxide (O(2)(-)), a key antimicrobial agent in phagocytes, is produced by the activity of NADPH oxidase. High glucose concentrations may, however, impair the production of O(2)(-) through inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which catalyzes the formation of NADPH. This study measured the acu... | [
"Phagocytosis activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in smokers or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients was found to be controversial and dependent on the phagocytic stimulus. We demonstrated that long-term exposure to cigarette smoke in mice clearly suppressed the phagocytosis of granulocytes and monocy... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant documents:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical document for retrieval:"
} |
Is increased extracellular serotonin level in rat hippocampus induced by chronic citalopram augmented by subchronic lithium : neurochemical and behavioural studies in the rat? | [
"A substantial number of patients do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant drugs and are therefore often co-medicated with lithium as an augmentation strategy. However, the neurochemical rationale behind this strategy needs to be further clarified. We examined the effect of chronic citalopram and subchronic li... | [
"Current antidepressants are clinically effective only after several weeks of administration. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an identified component of Ligusticum wallichii with neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effects of TMP in mice models of depression. Antidepressant effects of TMP... | pubmedqa | {
"query": "Represent the Biomedical question for retrieving relevant paragraphs:",
"pos": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:",
"neg": "Represent the Biomedical paragraph for retrieval:"
} |
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