dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7693 | Plants may not have eyes and ears,but they can recognize their siblings ,and researchers at the University of Delaware have discovered how.The ID system lies in the roots and the chemical signals they secrete . Canadian researchers published that sea rocket,a common seashore plant,can recognize its siblings.Susan Dudley observed that when siblings are grown next to each other in the soil,they "play nice" and don't send out more roots to compete.However,the moment one of the plants is thrown in with strangers,it begins competing with them by rapidly growing more roots to take up the water and mineral nutrients in the soil. After reading Dudley's study,Bais decided to find the method behind the sibling recognition.Working in his laboratory,Bais and his doctoral student Meredith Biedrzycki set up a study with wild populations of Arabidopsis thaliana.In a series of experiments,young seedlings were exposed to liquid media containing the root secretions from siblings,from strangers,or only their own secretions.The length of the longest lateral root was measured.The exposure of plants to the root secretions of strangers induced greater lateral root formation than exposure of plants to sibling secretions.Strangers planted next to each other are often shorter,because so much of their energy is directed at root growth.Because siblings aren't competing against each other,their roots are often much shallower . Biedrzycki did the _ laboratory research,observing more than 3,000 plants involved in the study every day for seven continuous days and documenting the root patterns."Arabidopsis roots are nearly translucent when they are young and were also twisted when I removed them from plates,"Biedrzycki notes."This manuscript is very important for my research since the focus of my thesis project is understanding the biochemical ways behind root secretions." The research also may have implications for the home gardener."Often we'll put plants in the ground next to each other and when they don't do well,we blame the local garden center where we bought them or we attribute their failure to a germ,"Bais says."But maybe there's more to it than that." Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? | [
"A Great Biology Researcher",
"Plants Recognize Their Siblings",
"Plants' Roots and Secretions",
"A Research on Plants"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21747 | Herbivores who live in climates that get cold must find other sources of food in the winter because plants | [
"fly",
"cry",
"Eat candy canes",
"will be gone"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3832 | Every year gray whales swim a 10,000 miles round-trip, from the cold waters near Alaska, down the coast of North America to the warm waters near Mexico, and back again. It is one of the longest migrations of any mammal. All day, all summer long, in the cold waters near Alaska, gray whales eat and eat. Instead of teeth, gray whales have baleen, they are used to getting food from ocean water. They get big mouthfuls of muck from the ocean floor, then push that muck right back out through their baleen. The mucky water flows through, but tiny animals get trapped in the baleen and _ . When the water starts to freeze, the whales begin their long trip south. They swim night and day, without stopping to eat or rest. During the long journey, migrating whales may push their heads out of the water to see where they are. Two months later, the whales reach Mexico. Babies are born here in warm, shallow waters called lagoons. Ocean lagoons have no food for the adults, but the babies are safer here than in the open seas. All winter the babies grow big and strong. In spring first the dads and teenagers leave the lagoons, then the moms with babies. Migrating gray whales swim close to shore, especially moms with babies. The ice is melting up north, and it's time for the hungry whales to make the long journey back to their summer feeding grounds. Which of the following is not mentioned about gray whales in the text? | [
"How long they live",
"How they get their food",
"When they get back to Alaska",
"How long they spend traveling to Mexico"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_438 | Which of the following substances can be separated into several elements? | [
"nitrogen",
"zinc",
"air",
"aluminum"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16337 | Welcome to Our School Library Our Library is in the south of our school. The Library is open to every student and the library card is free. You can borrow five books, one CD and four videos --three weeks for books, one week for CDs and videos at the same time. BOOKS 1. You can borrow picture books for children and all kinds of story books 2. You can enjoy newspapers and magazines in the reading room. 3. You can't take any newspapers or magazines out of the library VIDEO 1. You can borrow all kinds of video films, TV plays and music videos. 2. You can't watch videos here. AUDIO , You can borrow music audios and language audios. , You can enjoy listening in the special rooms here. If you want to get a library card, you _ . | [
"have to pay one dollar for it",
"needn't pay for it",
"need to borrow five books first",
"need to make a card"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17568 | Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops? | [
"Will the food ripen?",
"Will the food stay fresh?",
"Will the food harm humans?",
"Will the food harm bugs in the home?"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13339 | Can you speak to dolphins? Of course you can but you won't be able to understand them! We interviewed a biologist and asked her what research on dolphin communication has shown. This is what she told us. Just like dogs, cats and other mammals, dolphins communicate by using sound, vision , touch and taste. Each dolphin has its own signature whistle to identify itself and to call others. Dolphins don't have the ability to smell, but their hearing and eyesight are excellent. We also asked Jane if dolphins have got their own language. She told us that they have and that dolphins started talking to each other from birth. They make different sounds, including whistles, squeaks and click. Sometimes they even sound like a heavy metal band! We then asked Jane if any interesting experiments have been done. She told us that a very interesting experiment had been done with a mother dolphin and her two-year-old baby in an aquarium. They talked to each other over the telephone! The two dolphins were in separate tanks which were connected by a special under water system. Unfortunately the biologists couldn't understand what the dolphins were talking about because they haven't been able to decode dolphin language yet. However, it was very clear that the dolphins knew what they were talking about. Finally we asked Jane if there was hope that we would be able to understand dolphins in the near future. She told us that she and her team have been listening to dolphins for more than 17 years, using special equipment to record and analyze their language. Unfortunately they haven't been able to decode it yet, but who knows -- maybe one day we'll get a phone call from a dolphin. The word "analyze" in the reading mean _ . | [
"use",
"translate",
"copy",
"study"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4613 | The gray-haired lady can't wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago. Not all cases of Alzheimer's disease look like this, but Alzheimer's is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer's. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs. While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain's nerve fibers , their effect is certain. Alzheimer's destroys not only the patients, but also spouses , friends and families. What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease? Though many reasons other than Alzheimer's disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects. What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer's disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn't remember you are married. Life for the Alzheimer's patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them. Memory loss occurs _ . | [
"from Alzheimer's disease and nothing else",
"from sadness, shock, anger, and so on",
"for a number of reasons",
"with changes in personality"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3504 | Growing strawberries in pots *The best way to start growing strawberries is to buy pot-grown strawberry plants m spring:5 plants are plenty for a hanging basket and 10 for the average 13 inch-sized pot. *Plant them immediately in soil-based compost and they will produce a modest crop in their first year.The second year should see a bumper crop,followed by a slightly lower yield the third summer .Then start again with fresh stock . *Careful watering and feeding are essential If you are to harvest a good crop,you must never let the compost dry out, particularly when the fruit is forming and ripening;if you do.most of your crop will drop offe bush almost immediately. *Water well then leave the pots for up to 3 weeks,until they reach the point of drying out be careful not to overwater them during the winter months. Pruning apple trees *A one-year-old tree is known as a "maiden".It has a single stem when purchased.Immediately after planting, cut it back by about half to leave 4 good buds at the base of the stem..This will force growth from the base or the plant during the summer. *In the second year ,prune in winter by cutting all side branches back by about one-third, Make sure each cut is made cleanly just above an outward-facing bud.In the third and fourth years, new side branches will have emerged from the previous year's growth.Cut back all these new side branches by a third, pruning to an outward-facing bud. *By the fifth year the tree should have a well-balanced shape.From then on ,cut back all new branches by one-third in winter.Remove any diseased wood and broken branches, and ensure the centre is open to air circulation Cutting back all side branches by a third is to _ | [
"remove the diseased and broken branches",
"keep the whole tree open to air circulation",
"force the apple tree to grow from the base in winter",
"help the apple tree to form a well-balanced shape"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1650 | There was once an animal named Eddy. He was not a dog, a bunny or a bear but a little kitten. Unlike the black, white and orange cats in his neighborhood, Eddy was a gray cat. He loved to go outside and run around the streets and the city. He liked to listen to the birds chirp and watch the children draw with chalk. He was a very smart and friendly kitten. Eddy was good at many things. He was good at hopping, running and playing. The thing Eddy was best at was climbing! His claws gripped trees hard which made it easy for him to pull himself up. Anyone who saw Eddy climb might think he was part monkey! Eddy also loved his family. When he wasn't outside he liked to sit with people when they would read, play with toys and eat. Eddy was a very lazy cat! He loved to sleep most of the day, at least 12 hours! His family could always count on him to be sleepy. What was Eddy best at? | [
"Hopping.",
"Playing.",
"Climbing.",
"Running."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_5501 | Elephants are the largest land animals and they need plenty of living space. They have seasonal migration routes. As human populations rise, elephant land is being cleared for agriculture and other kinds of development. When animals are effectively trapped on small areas of land, it restricts the gene pool and also results in a shortage of food. Where elephant reserves border agricultural areas, elephants are often attracted to leave parks to attack crops and barns. Only the strongest walls will stop an adult elephant (males can weigh 6,000kg), so farmers have great difficulty protecting their fields. In prefix = st1 /India, elephants don't only attack for food. Some even have developed a taste for rice beer. InAssam, elephant-human conflict has resulted in the death of more than 150 people and 200 elephants in the space of two years. Poverty leads to the killing of elephants for meat. If people don't have enough food and their governments cannot afford to enforce poaching bans, it's not difficult to predict the outcome. Ivory comes form elephant tusks , which can grow to be 3 meters long. Both male and female African elephants have large tusks. Most new ivory comes from Africa and is sold as a high status material in Asian countries such as Thailand, mainlandChinaandJapan. It can fetch $150 an pound and is carved to make decorations, chopsticks and ink stamps. The conservation priority here is to change public attitudes. In some countries in southern Africa, where conservation efforts have been successful, there is not enough room for a growing elephant population and animals have to be killed. A CITES meeting in November 2002 ruled that Botswana,NamibiaandSouth Africamay sell stock-piled ivory, starting in2004. Many conservationists are convinced that _ will fuel the demand for ivory and lead to more illegal poaching, they say it is almost impossible to tell legal from poached ivory. The governments argue that the sales will be used to fund conservation work. According to the passage, we can infer that _ . | [
"farmers have difficulty in protecting their field because no walls can stop an adult elephant.",
"if the government could help solve poverty, there would be less killing of elephants.",
"only male elephants in Africa have tusks as long as 3 meters.",
"since there is not enough room for a growing elephant pop... | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_10708 | A new study suggests that early exposure to germs strengthens the immune system. That means letting children get a little dirty might be good for their health later in life. The study involved laboratory mice. It found that adult mice raised in a germ-free environment were more likely to develop allergies, asthma and other autoimmune disorders. There are more than eighty disorders where cells that normally defend the body instead attack tissues and organs. Richard Blumberg,who led the study,is a professor at Harvard Medical School in Boston,Massachusetts. He says,in 1989,medical researchers who sought to explain these diseases, first discovered that the increasing use of antibacterial soaps and other products, especially early in life, could weaken immune systems. Now, Dr. Blumberg and his team have what is the first biological evidence to link early exposure to germs to stronger adult immune systems. They say this exposure could prevent the development of some autoimmune diseases. In the adult germ-free mice, they found that inflammation in the lungs and colon was caused by so-called killer T cells. These normally fight infection. But they became overactive and targeted healthy tissue--an autoimmune condition seen in asthma and a disease called ulcerative colitis . Dr. Blumberg says the mice raised in a normal environment did not have the same reaction. He says their immune systems had been "educated" by early exposure to germs. Rates of autoimmune disorders are rising worldwide, but mostly in wealthier, industrialized countries. According to Dr. Blumberg, it might be high time that people were warned to be more careful with the early use of antibiotics and the prescription from their doctors. Rob Dunn is a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at North Carolina State University in Raleigh. He says the new study does not mean people should stop washing. "Wash your hands , but don't do it with antibacterial soap. Let your kids play in a reasonable amount of dirt and get outside and get exposed to a diversity of things", says Rob Dunn. Where does this text most probably come from? | [
"A teacher's handbook.",
"A story book.",
"A science magazine.",
"A travel journal."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_5406 | Scientist Says 'No' to Human Cloning "I've never met a human worth cloning," says cloning expert Mark Westhusin from his lab at Texas A&M University. "It's a stupid endeavor." That's an interesting choice of adjective, coming from a man who has spent millions of dollars trying to clone a 13-year-old dog named Missy. So far, he and his team have not succeeded, though they have cloned two cows and a cat. They just might succeed in cloning Missy soon -- or perhaps not for another five years. Westhusin's experience with cloning animals leaves him upset by all this talk of human cloning. In three years of work on the Missy project, using hundreds upon hundreds of dog's eggs, the A&M team has produced only a dozen or so embryos carrying Missy's DNA. None have survived the transfer to a surrogate mother. The wastage of eggs and the many spontaneously aborted(,) fetuses may be acceptable when you're dealing with cats or bulls, he argues, but not with humans. "Cloning is incredibly inefficient, and also dangerous," he says. Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff. Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin's phone has been ringing with people calling in hopes of duplicating their cats and dogs, cattle and horses. "A lot of people want to clone pets, especially if the price is right," says Westhusin. Cost is no obstacle for Missy's mysterious billionaire owner; he's put up $3.7 million so far to fund A&M's research. Contrary to some media reports, Missy is not dead. The owner wants a twin to carry on Missy's fine qualities after she does die. The prototype(;)is, by all accounts, athletic, good-natured and supersmart. Missy's master does not expect an exact copy of her. He knows her clone may not have her temperament(, ). In a statement of purpose, Missy's owner and the A&M team say they are "both looking forward to studying the ways that her clones differ from Missy." Besides cloning a great dog, the project may contribute insight into the old question of nature vs. nurture. It could also lead to the cloning of special rescue dogs and many endangered animals. However, Westhusin is cautious about his work. He knows that even if he gets a dog pregnant, the offspring, should they survive, will face the problems shown at birth by other cloned animals: abnormalities like immature lungs and heart and weight problems~ "Why would you ever want to clone humans," Westhusin asks, "when we're not even close to getting it worked out in animals yet?" By "stupid endeavor", Westhusin means to say that _ . | [
"human cloning is a foolish undertaking",
"animal cloning is absolutely impractical",
"human cloning should be done selectively",
"animal cloning is not worth the effort at all"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18482 | Which of the following structures does a frog develop as it changes from a tadpole to an adult frog? | [
"eyes",
"heart",
"lungs",
"tail"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8344 | Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game. Why is poker so difficult? Chess and Go are "information complete" games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players' cards are hidden, making it an "information incomplete" game. Players have to guess opponents' hands from their actions--tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars. Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again _ humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold's Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural networks and reinforcement learning . Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better. Mr Heinrich told Sky News: "Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations." After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw. Why can't the computer beat humans at the poker game? | [
"Because humans are cleverer than the computer.",
"Because humans practice playing the poker game every day.",
"Because the computer can't learn the regular rules of the poker game.",
"Because the computer can't know the other players' cards completely."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_634 | Heat transfer is part of everyday life. Which of these examples involving heat transfer occurs mainly by conduction? | [
"The sun warms the ground.",
"A hot oven warms a cold kitchen.",
"A campfire warms a person's hands.",
"Hot soup warms a metal spoon handle."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11253 | Roll over, sit and fetch aren't commands normally given to a robot, but the smart toy company WowWee has developed a new way of owning a puppy. CHIP (Canine Home Intelligent Pet) is a robotic dog with blue LED eyes and pointy ears and can sit, shake, dance and make all types of dog noises. It also has tracking capabilities to help locate its owner. "The beauty about CHIP is that it has its own thing going on," said Sufer, CTO at WowWee. "It has its own life and own kind of intelligence. Even if you're not around, it's always doing something." CHIP uses wheels to get around and is loaded with sensors that give it a 360-degree view to find its ball. The pup is Bluetooth enabled, which connects to a wristband worn by its owner. The wristband, similar to a watch, displays icons for different commands such as a thumb-up, which allows you to give your pup a digital belly rub. With its owner wearing a smart wristband, it can even follow him around the room. "We worked on CHIP for about five to six months," Davin Sufer, told dailymail.com, "We typically come up with a concept, model and product and get it on shelves within a year." The company plans to start shipping units by next fall, which will allow them to load up the robotic dog with sensors and add many more animated responses per-owner interactivity. The high-tech toy company made its debut in 2004 by releasing the 1.5 foot RoboSapien, which sold millions of units. MiP, which hit shelves last year, is a seven inch tall robot covered in white with black accents. Users can direct it, change its emotions and make it dance to any song on your iPad. It's loud, fast and active. About 15 years ago, a company called ToyQuest developed the first ever electronic robotic dog---Tekno, the Robotic Puppy. The company sold over seven million units in the first season and 40 million more during its original four years of production. Tekno was built with over 160 emotions and instructions, but most importantly offered consumers a quick look into the future. CHIP can follow its owner with the help of _ . | [
"a watch",
"a smart wristband",
"pointy ears",
"blue LED eyes"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20460 | As rabbits in a county die off, foxes will | [
"live longer",
"boom in population",
"do the same",
"eat trees"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6392 | COLUMBUS, Ohio--The heart operation taking place in the pale-green operating room at the Ohio State University Medical Center was unusual. The patient, a 62-year-old man, was made to sleep, tied with blue drapes and lying face up on a narrow table. But no one was touching him. Instead, the operation was being performed by a robot, whose three metal arms went through pencil-sized holes in the man's chest. At the ends of the robot's arms were tiny metal fingers, with turning wrists, which held a tiny instrument, a light and a camera. The robot's arms and fingers were controlled by Dr. Randall K. Wolf, sitting at a computer in a corner of the operating room about 20 feet away. This sort of operation, heart surgeons say, is the start of what may be the biggest change in their profession since heart bypass surgery began nearly 30 years ago. "The reason we make cuts is that we have big hands," said Dr. Wolf, the director of the surgery at Ohio State. The robot's _ fingers, no longer than a nail on the small finger, at the end of the long sticks could work better. Eventually, surgeons believe, most heart surgery will be done by robots whose arms are put in through pencil-sized holes punched in patients' chests. Instead of directly staring into a patient's body, surgeons will view magnified images of the operation on computer screens. In theory, the doctor would not have to be in the same room, or even the same country, as the patient. According to the passage, the reason that most operations require large cuts is that _ . | [
"patients have large organs",
"surgeons have large hands",
"large cuts take less time",
"large cuts cost less money"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11531 | Drawings of human colonies on other planets often picture the entire community under a glass or plastic bubble. The bubble is intended to create an atmosphere with adequate oxygen and other essential elements. But similar bubble-like structures have also been constructed on earth. One of the most famous, and controversial, is a site in the Arizona desert. Biosphere 2, as it is called, was built not far from Tucson in 1984 and is now run by Columbia University. This huge(7,200,000-cubic-foot)glass and steel construction contains several separate ecosystems, including a desert, a rain forest, and a 900,000-gallon "ocean." The climatic conditions-humidity, temperature, air quality-are regulated by sensors and can be adjusted as needed or desired. For example, a rainstorm can be created to increase the humidity. The adjustable features of Biosphere 2 make it an ideal location to perform experiments to help determine the effects of such climatic changes as global warming. The current conditions at Biosphere 2 are vastly different from those in 1993, when eight people who had moved into the environment with great fanfare two years earlier moved out in failure. Though promising to be self-sufficient , these "colonists" had so much trouble regulating the environment that they reportedly had food smuggled into them. Oxygen levels became dangerously low; most plants and animals died. In taking over the unsuccessful site, Columbia hopes to erase its notorious past by focusing on small research projects that gradually answer some of Biosphere 1's -- that is, Earth's most basic environment questions. The passage suggests that earlier colonists of Biosphere 2 _ . | [
"did not like living in a controlled environment",
"found it very difficult to live in a controlled environment",
"still are involved with Biosphere 2",
"have now left the country in disgrace"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7720 | The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending phone call "made" by US President George W Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just "borrow" their voices. AT & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life. The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person's voice to say things that the person never actually said. Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centers, companies that make software that reads digital files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices . The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person's voice? (Some experts even believe that new contracts will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.) And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud , would the synthesized voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know? Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT & T lab's possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. "Just like you can't trust a photograph anymore." He said, "you won't be able to trust a voice either." With the help of the speech software, it is most possible _ . | [
"to improve a famous person's speech",
"to say what you want in another's voice",
"to make a speech much more easily",
"to help you to find a better job"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6656 | It is easy to lose patience with science today. The questions are pressing: How dangerous is air pollution? What about low-level radiation? When will that horrible earthquake strike California? And why can't we predict weather better? But the evidence is often described as "uncertain", forcing scientists to base their points of view almost as much on intuition as on science. When historians and philosophers of science listen to these questions, some conclude that science may not be able to solve all these problems any time soon. The unknowns can grow into riddles that are impossible to solve. Because of the unstable and changing state of the earth's atmosphere, for example, scientists have struggled for centuries to predict the weather with precision but failed. The case is different for scientists of astronomy. For example, they think that the gravitational force of a nearby space vehicle, though tiny, is able to change the path of a much larger planet if the vehicle spends enough time close to it. With the aid of Newton's laws of gravitational attraction, ground controllers can predict the path of a planetary probe -or satellite-with incredible accuracy. They do this by calculating the gravitational force from each of the passing planets until the probe speeds beyond the edge of the solar system.A much more difficult task is to calculate what happens when two or three times of such force pull on the probe at the same time. Such procedures can, of course, be very difficult, but for experiments, they are effective. This range of questions-from simple problems to those impossibly complex-has resulted in nicknames for various fields of study: "soft" sciences and " hard " sciences."Soft" sciences admit a great degree of uncertainty. Academicians tend to judge fields such as sociology, psychology, and political science as "soft" because they are assumed to be understandable, of unnecessary mathematical accuracy, and concerned with everyday affairs such as interpersonal relationships. However, "hard" sciences, such as astronomy and chemistry, are said to offer precise answers. Precise definitions for "hard" sciences vary, but the characteristics of "hard" sciences include: producing testable predictions; performing controlled experiments; relying on quantifiable data and mathematical models; a high degree of accuracy and objectivity; and generally applying a pure form of the scientific method According to the author, "soft" sciences _ . | [
"allow for certain inaccuracy",
"focus on personal relationships",
"are based on controlled experiments",
"are rooted in data and mathematical models"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18812 | Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements? | [
"a Punnett square",
"the Periodic Table",
"a pedigree chart",
"the rock cycle"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9786 | It is bad to have food stuck between your teeth for long periods of time. This is because food attracts germs; germs produce acid, and acid hurts your teeth and gums. Flossing helps to remove the food that gets stuck between your teeth. This explains why flossing helps to keep your mouth healthy, but some doctors say that flossing can also be good for your heart. It may seem strange that something you do for your teeth can have any effect on your heart. Doctors have come up with a few ideas about how flossing works to keep your heart healthy. One idea is that the germs that hurt your teeth can leave the mouth and travel into your blood.Germs that get into the blood can then attack your heart. Another idea is based on the fact that when there are too many germs in your mouth, the body tries to fight against there germs. For some reason, the way the body fights these mouth germs may end up weakening the heart overtime. _ . Some doctors think that the link between good flossing habits and good heart health is only a coincidence. The incidence of two or more events is completely random, as they do not admit of any reliable cause and effect relationship between them. For example, every time I wash my car, it rains. This does not mean that when I wash my car, I somehow change the weather. This is only a coincidence. Similarly, some doctors think that people who have bad flossing habits just happen to also have heart problems, and people who have good flossing habits just happen to have healthy hearts. The theory that flossing your teeth helps to keep your heart healthy might not be true. But every doctor agrees that flossing is a great way to keep your teeth healthy. So even if flossing does not help your heart, it is true to help your teeth. This is enough of a reason for everyone to floss their teeth every day. From the passage, we know that _ . | [
"food stuck between your teeth may hurt your teeth",
"all of the doctors agree that flossing is good for your heart",
"doctors' judgment about flossing is based on medical research",
"not every doctor thinks flossing helps to keep your teeth healthy"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19893 | transpiration happens in the leaves of what? | [
"rocks",
"shrubbery",
"cars",
"animals"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6987 | Laresce was born with a condition called hypermobility which meant her joints were"bend".The condition can use severe joint pain and lead to dislocations . But rather than feel sorry for herself, she used her misfortune to inspire her to become Britain's strongest schoolgirl. Just two years ago,the condition left Laresce in so much pain that she couldn't even take part in sports.But now she has six British and World Champion power lifting records.It's an incredible achievement. Laresce's trainer Tania George said her condition is the secret to her success."She has more flexibility in her back than most people,which gives her the technique of bending her back strongly and safely.Most power lifters would kill to try to bend their backs like Laresce.She has perfected the technique to lift incredibly heavy weights,"Tania said. "I used to suffer a lot of pain from my hypermobility.I remember coming home from school with pains in my knees,joints and hips.It would stop me doing normal things at schoo1.The pain would be so much that some nights I couldn't sleep at all and I just couldn't face going to school like that.And after each dislocation,I had to do six months of physiotherapy to recover,"said Laresce. However, since taking up the sport of power lifting 18 months ago she is now effectively cured."really enjoyed the feeling of power I got and the excitement of people encouraging me to do my very best,"she said. "I've made lots of friends a It's an incredible feeling when everyone's cheering me on.It's the support of other people that makes the difference to winning.Becoming a champion was a big surprise--I just started off for fun and wasn't expecting anything.So to win six titles over just a few months was amazing." Laresce had to do long-time physiotherapy to _ . | [
"reduce the pains in knees and joints",
"recover from joint dislocations",
"fall asleep easily during nights",
"do normal things freely at school"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17954 | Which of the following identifies the primary function of a radio station tower in a communication system? | [
"decoder",
"encoder",
"receiver",
"transmitter"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6778 | Flickering lights are annoying but they may have an advantage. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pluses of light to transmit information wirelessly. Now it may be ready to compete with conventional Wi-fi. In a recent TED talk, Harald Hasas from the University of Edinburge,UK demonstrated one VLC prototype ,"Li-Fi", transmitting a video from a store-bought LED lamp to a solar cell to a laptop. "Li-Fi is essentially the same as Wi-Fi,except for a small difference- we use LED lights around us to transmit the data wirelessly as opposed to using radio," Haas says. Once established, VLC could solve some major communication problems. In 2009, the US Federal Communications Commission(FCC) warned of spectrum crisis: because our mobile devices are so data- hungry we will soon run out of radio-frequency bandwidth.Li-Fi could free up bandwidth, especially as much of the infrastructure is already in place."There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide, they just need to replaced with LED ones that transmit data", says Haas. The idea of transmitting data through the visible light spectrum is not new.Alexander Graham Bell transmitted sound via a beam of sunlight in 1880 using a photo phone, a sort of solar-powered wireless telephone. In the past several decades, a number of researchers have looked at using visible light to transmit data. But what Haas seized on is the use of simple LED light bulbs for data transmission. LED bulbs are controlled by a driver, which can rapidly di the light or turn it on or off. Therefore, Haas figured, data could be encoded in subtle shifts of the light's brightness. Eventually, he creaded a working transmitter and receiver system with an IKEA lamp and a solar panel. Li-Fi stands to be much faster than Wi-Fi. According to Haas research, Li-Fi can achieve data density 1000 times greater than Wi-Fi,because Li-Fi signals are contained in a small area, as opposed to the more diffuse ,radio signals.The system wouldn't mean having to keep your lights on all the time either, Haas says---bulbs could be dimmed to such a point that they appear off, but still transmit data. Now, Haas' team hopes that Li-Fi could make its way into homes in a few years. The system can easily network any device with an LED light--an electric kettle, an oven. Eventually, this could bring about the Internet of Things era much faster. Haas also sees Li-Fi as a way to bring internet to remote location, using hilltop transmitters and rooftop solar panels. LED streetlights could even be used to form a network of outdoor Li-Fi, making it possible to stay connected when walking around the city. But some sound a cautious note about VLC's future. It becomes less powerful , for example,when light is blocked, wheather due to fog or other conditions. By saying "There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide"Haas intended to tell us that _ | [
"mobile devices will consume more data",
"radio-frequency bandwidth needs to be freed up.",
"VLC might solve the spectum crisis.",
"the world has a complete lighting infrastructure."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20884 | Sticking your hand in water above 100 degrees Celsius | [
"will freeze your digits",
"will lead to scalded fingers",
"will heal any sores or wounds",
"will lead to frostbite"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18245 | What is the process that produces energy in the Sun for billions of years? | [
"fission",
"fusion",
"solar winds",
"solar radiation"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13541 | What will the weather be like? Some people say they can know the weather from animals. Some people look at seabirds. When they see seabirds fly high out to sea, they say it will be a nice day. When the weather is bad, the seabirds will stay on the shore . They don't like to fly and they sit in trees when rain is on the way. Other people look at different animals on a farm. Chickens make a big noise and run here and there when rain is on the way. Frogs can tell the weather, too. When rain is coming, they stay in water and make a lot of noise. But on a nice day they are quiet and will jump out of water. Chickens _ when rain is on the way. | [
"run here and there",
"keep quiet",
"know nothing",
"jump out of water"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14902 | If you hear the sound of a handset beeping in a bag or pocket, you could be forgiven for thinking that someone has received a text message. But nowadays there are so many different ways of messaging someone that it could spell the death of the traditional text as we know it. Text messaging, or texting, is the art of sending a short, electronic message between two mobile phones or tablets . Users pay a certain amount to send messages via SMS--short message service. But in the last few years, messaging in this way has been on the decline . The rise of smartphones and tablets has seen an increase in the use of instant messaging apps , which take the place of traditional texts. Using wireless Internet connections, people can send limitless numbers of IMs to their friends for very little cost. Unlike traditional mobile texts, the user usually only has to pay to download the app once, after which each message they send is free. Web developers soon _ . Instant messaging apps have become popular all over the world. WhatsApp in America and Europe, WeChat in China and Kakao Talk in South Korea are but a few which have attracted hundreds of millions of people, who use the apps to chat to their friends in real time. These apps allow people to send picture messages for free--something which previously was quite costly. Research company Informa said that almost 19 billion messages were sent per day using chat apps in 2012, compared with 17. 6 billion SMS texts. And it expects the chat app market to grow t0 50 billion per day by 2014. So does this really mean the end for communication by text? Pamela Clark--Dickson from Informa doesn't think so. She says that there are a large number of people who use normal mobile phones, particularly in developing countries, who prefer the SMS messaging tool. There is an awfully big base of mobile phone users who are still going to find that SMS is the best messaging experience for them for a while. ,. Which of the following is true? | [
"people sent 19 billion SMS texts every day in 2012",
"All the messages sent on mobile phones and computers are free",
"Picture messages can be sent at a high price if you use Wechat",
"To send instant messages , people usually have to download the app first"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9996 | It's 4 am, and Danilo C. Dequina is already awake. Holding a flashlight and a bucket, he is walking in the pre-dawn darkness along the shore of Old Poblacion Beach in the town of Maitum, Sarangani, in the far south of the Philippines. A few minutes later, he spots a patch of sand that appears to have been disturbed by a turtle. Dequina studies the area carefully, figuring out where the eggs have been buried, and then starts digging slowly. After clearing away several centimeters of sand, he uncovers a large group of eggs, roughly the size of ping-pong balls. He picks them up and puts them in the bucket. Dequina carries the eggs to his hatchery , some 50 meters away from the seashore. The hatchery is really just a sandy patch of land under the coconut trees enclosed by a black fence. It is here that he buries the turtle eggs he has collected. Today, Dequina scoops a hole, puts the eggs in it, and covers them with sand. After 45 to 70 days, the eggs will hatch. Dequina will then carry the hatchlings to the shore, and release them into the sea. He admits to feeling sorrow as he sets the hatchlings free -- most are hunted down by natural predators, and just one percent survive to adulthood. According to the Philippine Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), eight species of sea turtles face extinction, including four that come to the shores of Sarangani to lay their eggs -- the Hawksbill, Olive Ridley, Loggerhead and Green Turtles. After learning about their plight , Dequina attended a DENR training session on turtle conservation and decided to take action. He helped the local government to set up the Pawikan Nesting Sanctuary next to his house in 2003. The hatchery drew the attention of the locals. "They started to change their attitudes towards sea turtles," 52-year-old Dequina says. "If they see turtle eggs, they will either bring them to me or inform me of the nesting places." Over the past ten years, more than 3,000 hatchlings have been released to the ocean. What is the attitude of local people toward Dequina's efforts? | [
"Doubtful.",
"Disappointed.",
"Opposed.",
"Supportive."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4002 | Security--for the information on your smart phone, as well as for the phone itself--is a hot topic these days.The truth is that you're packing a lot of sensitive information on your phone, and you should keep it safe. When it comes to physical security, iPhone users would do well to download Find My iPhone, a free app from Apple that allows you to visit a website and see your (lost, stolen or misplaced) phone on the map.You can then sound an alarm, send a message that will pop up on its screen, lock the phone or erase all your data. Android does not have an exact equivalent , but there are plenty of alternatives. A free app called Lookout offers the findmyphone feature.The paid version allows you to wipe the data from your phone remotely. Then there is your coffee shop's WiFi network.Anyone with minimal technical expert skill can snoop on people using shared wireless networks, harvesting passwords and other personal data. Lookout will caution you when you've logged on to an insecure network, but cannot protect you once you're there. In order to protect yourself on such networks, you can use a virtual private network, or VPN. This turns all your activity into nonsense to anyone trying to read along with you from across Starbucks. It also keeps websites from tracking you and, if you're travelling, allows you to get access to sites that may be blocked in other countries. If you have an iPhone, the simplest VPN app is probably Hotspot Shield, whose distinguishing feature is said to be that it automatically kicks in each time you start browsing , as opposed to other VPN apps that require you to start them up manually .This matters, because even if you decide you want a VPN app, you want to spend approximately zero time thinking about it. For the most part, _ was true of Hotspot Shield, though occasionally it took a while to connect or temporarily lost connection without warning. I found myself having to turn the app on and off sometimes, which involved setting my phone constantly. If even reading about the settings on your phone drive you crazy, then it is probably best to stay away from a VPN app. But if you're the type who can't resist checking your bank balance from your corner bar, the hassle may be preferable to the risk. By using VPN, users can _ . | [
"find their lost phones on the Internet",
"remove all the data from the phone remotely",
"check the bank balance now and then",
"save their browsing from being tracked"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4892 | It would be a totally dark world without your eyesight.However, there is a lot we can do to preserve our eyesight. Protect your eyes from the sun.Continuous exposure to the sun's UV rays can severely damage your eyes over time.The UV rays from the sun will result in brown spots in the eyes or some eye diseases, in order to prevent harmful UV rays.if you plan to be in the sun for extended periods of time, you need to wear protective eye wear. Practice disease prevention.Diabetes is among the few diseases that can cause blindness if left untreated, mistreated or undiagnosed.One of the best ways to prevent disease related blindness is to prevent or control your disease.For example, if you have diabetes it is highly recommended that you eat a healthy diet.check your blood sugar often and lake medicine if your blood sugar is above 150. Add vitamin A to your diet.This concept is usually taught during your younger years.Vitamin A is required for the production of rhodopsin which is an eye pigment highly sensitive to light that is used to see in poor lighting conditions.To get your healthy portion of vitamin A, you can go to your local grocery store and pick up carrots, broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. Visit your eye doctor routinely.Visiting your eye doctor can keep you up to dale on your eye health.You should visit your eye doctor for an eye exam once every one to two years (more often if you wear glasses) to help you keep good eyesight.You are advised to see your eye doctor immediately if you experience eye diseases or symptoms like loss of eye vision, eye pain, redness and itching around the eyes because _ eye diseases can result in permanent eye damage or blindness. If you sometimes can't see things clearly at dusk, you _ . | [
"are sure to have some kind of eye disease",
"must have exposed your eyes to the sun for a long time",
"should add more vitamin A to you daily diet",
"should have your eyes examined and operated"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18602 | A child walks across a carpet and generates an electrical charge. The child will get a slight shock by touching a | [
"metal doorknob.",
"plastic toy.",
"rubber ball.",
"wooden block."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3624 | I had worked long and hard on this project. Knowing it was finally completed gave me great satisfaction. "Perfect!"I said "Now, all I have to do is to keep the dogs off it."I went about setting . Up barriers using old fence, deck chairs, planters, and anything I could find so as to avoid footprints both on the oil paint and our carpet . It worked perfectly . Just before returning to the house and to a much needed shower, I took one last look at this fine work of art. "What is that?"I said. "Where did that come from ?" Clearly marked and evenly spaced across the entire area, the tiny marks ran in straight lines. .I carefully stepped to our flower garden. It was there I found several of the small markings. Now, almost frozen in place by this shocking discovery, I remained in position so as to prevent further damage to my work.. Just then, off to my left, it appeared. A chipmunk . He was as surprised as I was . We stood there face to face looking at each other, wondering who would make the first move . The warm , humid air was now getting the best of me . Sweat now ran freely over my head, and in poor timing into my eyes . I reached up to rub them and when I opened my eyes he was gone . My only satisfaction was in thinking that when he returned home he tracked oily footprints into his own home . And , hoping he was married , his wife would not let him live it down for the rest of his life . I stood up, shook my head, laughing about it and walking into my house. Yes, I tracked oil on the carpet. I am married. My wife will not let me live it down for the rest of my life . What did the author do to the chipmunk ? | [
"He made fun of the author.",
"He frightened it away.",
"He tried to catch it but failed.",
"He didn't do any harm to it ."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21137 | How can H2O on the ground eventually rise into the sky? | [
"freezing",
"raining",
"snowing",
"evaporation"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7179 | I was a medical student. To gather data for my paper, I started visiting patients at Dr Sardjito Hospital, where I would review the medical records of patients and then interview them. One evening, I was in a ward , desperately "hunting" for the final three patients I needed to complete my study. Holding a patient questionnaire, I walked towards a room. A patient called Ms A was lying in bed, clearly still weak. There were no relatives or friends with her. Even the bed beside her was empty. I sat down on a chair next to her bed, and in a low voice I introduced myself and asked if I could gather some additional information from her. She agreed. After I finished, I prepared to leave. Before I could stand up, Ms A said, "I haven't seen you here before, doctor. Are you new?" "Not really, Madam. It's just that I don't come here every day," I replied. Ms A started talking about herself. She shared her difficulties and sufferings, talked about her husband, who was killed in a car accident, and that she struggled to earn money. All I did was nod my head as a way of showing my sympathy. Without realizing it, I had begun holding Ms A's hand. Finally, Ms A stopped talking. "I'm very sorry for keeping you here to listen to my problem, but I feel relieved now. I had no one to pour out my problems to." Tears fell from the corner of her eyes. Finally, I knew what to say. "It's OK, Madam. It's part of my duty." I stood up and waved goodbye. A few days later, when I returned to the ward, I discovered Ms A had left the hospital as her condition had improved. Ms A taught me the most important lessons a doctor can learn. Sometimes patients do not need expensive medicine. They just need someone with the patience and willingness to lend an ear and spare a little of their time. What conclusion did the author draw after interviewing Ms A? | [
"A doctor must learn how to treat each patient equally.",
"Her psychological treatment made Ms A recover quickly.",
"Listening is sometimes the best thing a doctor can do for a patient.",
"It is the doctors' duty to receive whatever patients say."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_892 | Organisms can be separated by their most basic characteristics into the broadest groups known as | [
"kingdoms.",
"domains.",
"phyla.",
"orders."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_22449 | Which are in opposition for similar chow? | [
"cats and mice",
"dogs and sycamores",
"bears and salmon",
"lions and hyenas"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9935 | Doctors sometimes use light therapy to treat a form of depression in people who get too little morning sun. But too much light at other times may actually cause such mood disorder. Long-lasting exposure to light at night brings depression, a new study finds, at least in animals. The new data confirm observations from studies of people who work night shifts, says Richard Stevens of the University of Connecticut Health Center. Mood disorders join a growing list of problems, including cancer, obesity and diabetes that can occur when light throws life out of balance by disturbing the biological clock and its timing of daily rhythms. In the new study, Tracy Bedrosian and Randy Nelson of Ohio State University exposed mice to normal light and dark cycles for four weeks. For the next four weeks, half of the mice remained on this schedule, and the rest received continuous dim light throughout their night. Compared with mice exposed to normal night-time darkness, those getting dim light at night lost their strong preference for sweet drinks. "A sign that they no longer get pleasure out of activities they once enjoyed," Bedrosian says. In a second test, mice were clocked on how long they actively tried to escape a pool of water. Those exposed to night lights stopped struggling and just floated in the water, a sign of "behavioral despair", 10 times as long as the mice that had experienced normal night-time darkness. All symptoms of depression disappeared within two weeks of the mice returning to a normal light-dark cycle, the researchers report. The scientists could also _ the behavioral symptoms by injecting the brains of animals with a drug that prohibits the activity of certain molecules linked with human depression. This finding further suggests that light at night may cause something related to depression. Human studies linking night-time light and mood disorders are important but can not easily detect molecular underpinnings as animal studies can, says George Brainard of Thomas Jefferson University. The new work, he says, suggests that the change of the biological clock by light at night can be "an extremely powerful force in regulating biology and behavior". What is the main idea of the passage? | [
"Night-time light may cause depression.",
"A drug has been found to cure mood disorders.",
"The study on animals can be applied to humans.",
"Human biological clock can be controlled by light."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_43 | Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible? | [
"Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.",
"Water reflects sunlight like a mirror to make it look colored.",
"Overhead black clouds reflect in puddles to cause a mirage.",
"Air pollution causes the sky to look colored under these conditions."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1059 | Four students are investigating the effect of the force of a baseball bat on a ball. They marked the four different points where each of the balls made contact on the bat after each strike by each of the four students. Which of the following describes an error in the experimental design? | [
"failure to conduct enough trials",
"not considering the spin of the ball",
"not using balls of different masses",
"failure to define one testable variable"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11434 | Most people have heard the sound of bees among flowers. Bees live almost everywhere in the world except in the Arctic areas. Many kinds of agriculture depend on these small, social insects. Without bees, fruit and nut growers as well as many other farmers would not have a crop. There are more than 20,000 kinds of bees. But only honey bees make enough honey for people to use. Honeybees are highly-organized social insects. They work together in a group, called a colony . Each colony lives in a hive . It contains one queen bee -- she lays all the eggs from which the members of the colony come. Each colony has only a few hundred males, called drones. The majority of all bees in a colony are workers, which are all females. Bees even have a special stomach, called a honey stomach, which is used to store sweet fluid that the bees gather from flowers. Bees also have long hairs on their body and legs. These hairs capture pollen as bees go from flower to flower. Some of the pollen is taken back to the hive. Some, however, is passed to the next flower. This is how many plants are fertilized. Pollen is the reproductive material of plants. Many important agricultural crops depend on bees for fertilization. Inside their hives, bees store sweet liquid from flowers and pollen as well. They may even gather sweet liquid from some other kinds of insects. These kinds of sweet liquid are also stored in the hive. Bees make honey through a process. They add liquid from their own mouths to sweet liquid into simple sugar. As the honey is stored, it dries. It becomes thicker and darker. Although bees are often thought of as honey makers, they provide a surprising number of products. Also, their greatest economic value is in fertilizing crops-not in making honey. The word "fertilize" in the sentence "This is how many plants are fertilized" probably means " _ ". | [
"to make plants strong and productive",
"to make soil rich for plants",
"to start the development of young flowers",
"to introduce pollen into plants"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4366 | An electric signal can trick a monkey's brain into believing the animal's finger has been touched. Touch something, and your brain knows. The hand sends signals to the brain to announce contact was made. But that feeling of touch may not require making actual contact, tests on monkeys now show. Zapping brain cells can fool the animal into thinking its finger has touched something. A person who has lost a limb or become paralyzed may need an artificial limb to complete everyday tasks. But such patients may not truly feel any objects they hold. The new findings point toward one day creating a sense of touch in those who use such artificial limbs. Psychologist Sliman Bensmaia of University of Chicago worked on the new tests. His team's findings appeared on October 14 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The sense of touch is crucial to everyday tasks: People without _ may have difficulty cracking an egg, lifting a cup or even turning a doorknob. That's why restoring it is a major goal for designers of artificial limbs. In their new study, Bensmaia and his co-workers worked with rhesus monkeys . The scientists implanted electrodes --- small devices that can detect and relay an electrical signal--into the animals' brains. The scientists used the electrode data to identify which neurons had become active. Then the scientists used the implanted electrodes to zap those same neurons. And the monkeys reacted as though their fingers had been touched. In fact, they hadn't. The monkeys couldn't use words to tell the scientists what they had felt. Instead, they communicated by looking in a particular direction--just as when they had really been touched. The new findings show how touch-sensitive devices could be built. The new study also offers " a nice clear pathway" for figuring out how to restore a sense of touch to an amputee or someone with a injury of spinal cord. The study shows how artificial limbs might be connected to the brain so that a person can "feel" with such a prosthesis . But such a supersensory device doesn't exist yet and scientists have a lot of work to do before people will benefit from it. Researchers must first figure out whether the electrodes would work in people in the same way they do in monkeys. " I think the foundation is laid for human trials," Bensmaia said. Monkeys tell researchers their sense of touch by _ . | [
"putting up one of their fingers",
"making their brain cells active",
"looking in a particular direction",
"mimicking natural signals in the brain"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18201 | Some plant cells are coated in a waxy layer that prevents water loss. This specialization is found in which plant cells? | [
"internal stem cells",
"internal root cells",
"cells on the plant surface",
"cells in the plant reproductive system"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13844 | Mr. and Mrs. Green were going on their vacation with their children, and they had to arrive at the airport before 11:40 the next morning. "It takes us thirty minutes to get there in a car," Mr. Green said, "so we must get ready before eleven o'clock. Don't be late." At ten fifty, all of them were busy doing something, but Mrs. Green wasn't. She sat quietly in a chair in the garden and enjoyed the good weather. Mr. Green and the children were surprised, but Mrs. Green said, "Don't worry! Before I went to bed last night. I made all our clocks and watches twenty minutes ahead . Now we can get to the airport early." How long does it take from Mr. Green's house to the airport by car? | [
"Thirty minutes.",
"Twenty minutes.",
"Fifty minutes.",
"Forty minutes."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_22078 | If you're stranded on a desert for a week without clothes, you're likely to | [
"evaporate",
"find a forest",
"freeze",
"perish"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21603 | An example of a circuit would be | [
"rock climbing",
"running",
"dimming a bulb",
"swimming"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15913 | William wants to borrow a book from the library. He comes to the library with his classmates. They can't see any assistant in it, but only some robots standing there. He says to the robot, "Hey, give me a book on music." But the robot doesn't move. Then another student tells William, " You must say 'Excuse me' and 'please' first when you want some help." William does so and the robot brings the book. But William can't get the book from the robot's hands. He thinks for a moment, then he says a word to the robot. The robot gives him the book. John gets the book and goes home happily. If you want to borrow a book, what should you say? | [
"Hey, give me a book",
"Excuse me, give me a book",
"Give me a book",
"Excuse me , please give me a book"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9474 | There are various reasons why cancers appear to be on the increase. For one thing, though their sufferers are to be found in all age groups, cancers are particularly likely to attack persons in their middle and advanced years. Naturally, since people live longer these years, there are more cancer sufferers than before. Again, with better methods of diagnosis , doctors can more easily recognize cancerous growths that would formerly have passed unnoticed or that would have been wrongly diagnosed. It is also believed that certain habits and conditions of modern living, including heavy smoking and the pollution of the air, may leave people living in more cancer-causing conditions than before. We all look forward to the day when a simple medical test can find cancer while it is still small. Researchers around the world are working on _ . Most of their work deals with the examination of the blood. Researchers in Boston have found something in the blood of cancer patients that does not appear in healthy persons. The test showed which persons had cancer and which did not. It was correct more than 90 percent of the time. The researchers believe the test may be able to show cancer very clearly in its development. Cancers discovered early usually can be treated successfully. The test examines very small bits of fat in the blood called lipids . Cancers seem to change lipids although doctors do not know why. The test showed differences between the lipids of the persons with cancer and the lipids of those without cancer. The researchers say the new test could be a step to develop a simple way to check patients for cancer before the disease shows on an X-ray. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? | [
"Cancers have much to do with something in patients' blood.",
"People living in better conditions are most likely to be attacked by cancer.",
"X-raying is the best way to determine whether a person has cancer or not.",
"Cancers have nothing to do with a person's habits and living conditions."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14597 | I'm a boy. My name is Tom White. I am ten years old. I am in Class 2, Grade 1. I'm in No. 1 Middle School. My teacher is Mr. Wu. I have a good friend at school He is Jim Green. Jim is his first name and Green is his last name. He is ten, too. But he is in Class 1, Grade 1. His teacher is Miss Wang. , . Tom is _ . | [
"9",
"10",
"11",
"12"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2695 | Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium. It produces a poison that causes a painless , watery diarrhea( ) that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not given. Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill, although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7-14 days. When this illness does strike, more than 90% of the time is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea. Less than 10% of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration. A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium. The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters. Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. Therefore, the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another. Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea. Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amount. Antibiotics shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness. To avoid cholera, we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food. Cholera can be treated by _ . | [
"replacing the blood in the body.",
"eating a lot of water mixed with sugar and salt and using antibiotics.",
"eating a large amount of sugar and salt",
"drinking a lot of water and eating a large amount of food."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14199 | Help wanted Can you spend two hours a week doing some gardening? We are in need of help from 2 pm to 4 pm every Saturday. If you word like to help out, please call Elaine at 4435--7792 A Telephone Message From:Jessica To:Lucas Date: May5 Time:15:00 Message: She says that you must put on Your sports shoes, cap and sunglasses; bring Somefood and drinks at the school gate at 8 am tomorrow. Tel: 8467-6352. Taken by:Jim Found Feb13,2016/6/30 An ipad was found in the library on the morning of Feb12. Please call 3345--67898 or come to Class 2, Grade 8 to get it. Lost March 7, 2016 Lost near Man Street. Puppy is 6 months old. He is a black schnauzer . He is very important to me. Reward . Please call Allen at 8956--7778. What can you infer according to the fourth piece of information? | [
"Puppy is a 6-year-old black schnauzer.",
"Allen's dog went missing on Man Street.",
"We treat him as my family member.",
"You can get a reward if you call Allen."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3921 | Little Lopsy fluttered into our home and our hearts one Saturday morning this summer. My husband went out to do something, and when he opened the door there was a great flutter on the ground and something came into the living room. It was clear that whatever it was was hurt. I was in a bit of a shock and didn't know what to do next. Fortunately it calmed down and tried to hide itself in a corner. I realized it was a sparrow chick . There are a few sparrow nests under the roof of our apartment, and this little fellow must have fallen out and hurt itself. It was also very young, and obviously far from ready to leave the safety of the nest. I ran to the place and found a box. Having read somewhere that one shouldn't touch a baby bird with one's hands, I picked the chick up with a hand towel and put it in the box. I placed the box outside the front door in the hope that the parents would try to feed it. They never came near it and I brought it inside. I placed the box on a table and it slept for about twenty hours. We later learned that it is quite normal for a hurt bird to sleep so much after undergoing such a hurt experience. When it finally woke up we carefully examined it for wounds, but fortunately there wasn't any. It had hurt its right wing and leg, which meant it must have landed on its right side when it fell out of the nest. We named it Lopsy. After doing some research we felt there was a chance that it might survive, but we weren't sure that it would ever be able to fly. A hurt bird doesn't stand much of a chance of survival and could fall easy pray to cats, other animals. Was it fair to allow it to live if it meant keeping it in a cage its whole life? It was a hard decision, but we decided to give it a go. We started off by dripping drops of water into its mouth. It was very thirsty and drank quite a bit. Next we fed it with bread soaked in water. Our household routine soon revolved around Lopsy who needed to be fed about every three hours during the day. Fortunately we live on campus and my husband could come home during his breaks to feed our new baby. Soon Lopsy was growing nicely. The bigger it got, the more vocal it became. There was no doubt as to who was ruling the house. We remained concerned because its leg did not heal, and its wing seemed quite useless. I took it outside for exercise every day. I also hoped it would get used to the sights and sounds of nature. In the beginning all it was interested in was staying as close to me as possible. Anyway, it got stronger and started running on the grass, and one day Lopsy found a fence it liked. It got to the point where I would leave it outside under its fence for about two hours at a time while I kept an eye on developments from our kitchen window. Soon Lopsy figured out how to get from one branch to another.[: ] It also got to the point where it could flutter down from my hand to the ground, and I let it do this over and over again to exercise its wings. Then came the day that it actually flew into the fence. We were overjoyed when this happened. Finally it got to the point where I left it outside in its fence all day and night, but I would still go outside to feed it. Lopsy remained vocal and would jumped over for its food as soon as I came into view. I left some bread on the wall next to its fence, but it would have none of it. The little fellow was totally spoilt and wanted to be spoon fed, but I saw him eating quite happily as soon as I left his line of vision. Some of the bigger species of birds were a bit aggressive towards Lopsy, and I continued to keep a close eye on it. Not long after this we saw Lopsy flying without a problem. It still jumped to the side, but that didn't seem to stop it in any way. Other birds seemed quite curious about Lopsy. At first it chased them away if they came too close to its fence, but Lopsy soon seemed to realize that they were of its own kind and it stopped doing so. Then, one day, our fellow left the nest. We never saw it again, but I know Little Lopsy is now leading a happy life. This experience has taught me much. The author finally decided to let the sparrow chick go because _ . | [
"she knew that it would be able to fly",
"it could fall easy pray to other animals",
"taking care of it is too troublesome",
"keeping it in a cage is against its nature"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14426 | Right in the middle of the town are some long ponds . They are only about half a foot deep. The men of Symi dug out the earth to make the ponds. Over each pond is a low cover. It is made of glass that you can see through. At night, sea water is taken into the ponds. The next day, the hot sun shines through the covers. The sun light turns the water into vapor and the vapor goes up from the ponds. The salt is left behind. As it goes, the vapor became mist. On the inside of each cover, the little drops of mist run together to make big drops. These drops run down the sides of the cover, filling other ponds with fresh water. The salt left in the ponds is washed out each night. Then more sea water is taken in. The factory is ready for the next day's work. The covers and other parts of the factory cost very little. Sea water and sun cost nothing. Most people of Symi are poor. So to them this new way of getting fresh water seems wonderful. Where are the little drops made into big drops? | [
"On the inside of the covers.",
"In the ponds with fresh water.",
"On the walls of the salt water ponds.",
"Between the fresh water and the salt water."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_5226 | School districts are turning to high-tech solutions-from fingerprint scans to electronic cards - to track kids on school buses and keep them from getting off at the wrong stops. A fingerprint scanning system, approved this month for testing at the Desert Sands district, northeast of San Diego. Students will be scanned as they get on and off the bus. "Kids get lost. It happens in every school district, every year," says John DeVries, president of Global Biometrics Security, which developed the Biometric Observation Security System (BOSS) that's being tested. It happened Oct. 13 when a Prince George's County (Md.) school employee took a 5-year-old student to the wrong bus and the student got off several blocks from home. With BOSS, students' fingerprints are scanned and sent to a database. When they get off, they provide a "check out" print. An alarm sounds if the child tries to get off at the wrong place. The fingerprints are not stored, DeVries says. They are converted into a series of numbers that cannot be used to re-create the print, he says. Margaret Gomez of Palm Springs, Calif., whose daughter, then 6, was let off a bus about a mile from her home three years ago, supports the idea. "Anything is better than what they have in place now." Other tracking systems include the ZPass from Seattle-based Zonar Systems, which uses a programmed card carried by students or tied to a backpack. It is in about 30 districts, including North Kansas City Schools and Illinois School District 128 in Palos Heights, company executive Chris Oliver says. Paul Stephens, of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse in San Diego, says tracking students is reasonable, but the data could fall into unauthorized hands. "What if a child predator was able to get access to this?" he says. What is Margaret Gomez's attitude toward the new solution? | [
"Supportive.",
"Pessimistic.",
"Doubtful.",
"Worried."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21641 | If you are having trouble seeing the TV, what can you do to see it more clearly? | [
"closing your eyes",
"moving closer",
"eating",
"dying"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_895 | Sodium, Na, is in the same group as | [
"Ne.",
"Mg.",
"Ca.",
"K."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2827 | The World Health Organization has for the first time expressed "cautious optimism" that the growth in new Ebola cases in West Africa may be slowing down. Bruce Aylward, who is in charge of the WHO response to Ebola, said in Geneva that he was particularly encouraged by evidence of a downward trend in Liberia, one of the three worst-affected countries. The WHO's official total number of Ebola cases has reached 13,703 - a big jump from the10,141 cases it reported four days ago. But Dr Aylward said that was mainly the result of the data being updated with old cases, rather than new cases arising. "Do we feel confident that the response is now getting an upper hand on the virus? Yes, we are seeing a slowing rate of new cases, very definitely," Dr Aylward said. However, Dr Aylward also urged people not to celebrate pre-maturely over any apparent downturn in the epidemic . "I'm terrified that the information will be misunderstood and people will think Ebola is under control," he said. Any reduction in the battle against the virus might lead to "an oscillating pattern where the disease moves up and down". The improvement in Liberia seems to be due to a combination of more treatment facilities, better contact tracing and safer burial practices, together leading to fewer new infections from Ebola patients. In Sierra Leone the number of cases continues to increase in some areas. "We're still seeing this thing _ in parts of Sierra Leone," Dr Aylward said Tracing the progress of individual patients, the WHO estimates an overall death rate of 70 percent, though people who receive treatment in a well-equipped clinic are slightly less likely to die. The WHO plans to set up 56 Ebola clinics with 4,700 beds in West Africa. Of these 15 clinics with 1,050 beds are already operational and another 22 clinics are expected to open during November. Meanwhile, two former NATO secretaries-general and dozens of leading European politicians have urged the alliance to send troops, aircraft and ships to west Africa to help contain the Ebola crisis. Why did Dr Aylward urge people not to celebrate prematurely? | [
"Because celebrations may increases infections.",
"Because the pattern of the disease is up and down.",
"Because people may be misled to stop the battle.",
"Because we are getting an upper hand on the virus."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11522 | As long as you have broadband service in your home, you can turn on your desktop computer and connect to the Internet. If you have a wireless router , a device that spreads the broadband connection to other devices, you can set up a Wi-Fi network, which enables your cellphones and tablets go online too. And when you are outdoors where is no Wi-Fi, such as in the park or at the beach, having 3G service allows you to stay connected. It seems that lots of us have Internet coverage everywhere we go. So why have mobile companies around the world lately been so enthusiastic about a new term, "4G"? First, you need to know that the letter :G" stands for "generation". Even if you have no idea what 4G is, at least you can figure out that it is a step up from 3G since it's the latest generation of mobile internet service. Unlike broadband, mobile Internet uses the same signal towers that provide voice service to your cellphone, which means wherever you can make phone calls with your cellphone you also have an Internet connection. But mobile connections have their _ : they don't carry as much information as broadband does, making opening websites and downloading music slower than they are on a Wi-Fi connection. This is why mobile connections have been constantly upgraded since the first generation was launched back in the 1980s. According to BBC, 4G is five to seven times faster than current 3G network speeds, almost as fast as home broadband. Because of this, 4G is widely suited for services like video downloading, mapping, online shopping and even video conferencing. To achieve the high speeds, network companies have to spend a lot of money on building new signal towers, which will eventually lead to a higher phone bill if you switch to 4G, and you will also have to get a new phone with 4G capacity. What does the author think of 4G service? | [
"Its service is worth the price.",
"There is no need to develop it.",
"It takes time to be widely used.",
"It provides good service at a higher price."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18947 | Which would be the result of the breeding of two wolves? | [
"kittens",
"wolf pups",
"fox pups",
"dog pups"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2900 | Sometimes,you just can't help it.Maybe you're watching a sad movie,or thinking about the friend who moved away.Next thing you know,your eyes are watering,and you have tears running down your cheeks.Why do people cry when they are emotional? What are tears? Scientists are working hard to find the answers to these questions. Ad Vingerhoets is a professor of psychology at Tilburg University,in the Netherlands.He is one of the few scientists in the world who have studied crying.According to Vingerhoets,there are three types of tears.Basal tears are the first type.They lubricate the eyes and act as a protective barrier between the eye and the rest of the World.Next are reflex tears.They wash your eyes clean when something gets in them.Finally,there are emotional tears. "These are released in response to emotional states,"explains Vingerhoets."Especially when we feel helpless." Scientists believe that crying has something to do with how humans developed and learned to depend on each other."Humans are very complex social creatures,"says Lauren Bylsma,a professor at the University of Pittsburgh,in Pennsylvania."It seems that tears serve to arouse help and support from others,''She says."Another reason we weep is that humans have the longest developmental period of almost any animal.It takes a long time to grow up." Vingerhoets agrees."I think that the reason why humans shed tears has something to do with our childhood,"he says."That's the time when we are stir dependent on adults for love and protection and care.The major advantage of emotional tears is that you can target them at a specific person."Vingerhoets says this ability to target someone could have come in hand in prehistoric times,when humans were living among dangerous animals.Crying could attract predators .Tears were a safer way to get attention.In this case,it is better to use a silent signal to ask for help,"he says. Vingerhoets and Bylsma do frequent studies to better understand why humans cry.According to Byhma,there is still much more to discover."It's surprising,"she says,"how much we still don't know." Which of the following is reflex tears? | [
"Tears when eyes are dry.",
"Tears moved by a story.",
"Tears released when crying.",
"Tears when dirt gets into eyes."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2231 | A student is investigating which type of soil is best for growing tomato plants from seeds. The student plants four tomato seeds in each of three different containers of soil. Which step of the procedure would help the student get the most reliable results? | [
"Place one container in a dark room.",
"Use different types of tomato seeds.",
"Change only the soil type in each container.",
"Water each container with a different amount of water."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13926 | Have you ever hoped a toy balloon? They are very light. But there are much bigger balloons can fly very high up in the sky. They are big enough to carry people. They are called hot-air balloons. To make a hot-air balloon go up, turn on the burner . That will make the air inside the balloon hotter. Then the balloon will go up. To make the balloon go down, turn off the burner. The air inside the balloon will get cooler. Then the balloon will go down. Underneath(....) the balloon there is a large basket. That is where the pilot and the passengers go. The burner is just above the basket. You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off. The balloon will go where the wind is blowing the right way! Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special? First make sure the wind is blowing the right way! People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years. Before planes it was the only way of flying. Today people fly in hot-air balloon for fun. Some people like to race hot-air balloons. Now you are high up in the sky. If you want the balloon go down, you will _ | [
"make your friends go out of the basket",
"make a hole in the balloon with a knife",
"make the air inside the balloon hotter",
"make the air inside the balloon cooler"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8976 | In today's world, almost everyone knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to people's health. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and this is harmful to people's health, too. People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf today. However, scientists believe that 10 percent of workers in Britain are being deafened by the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and books, and who weave cloth become deaf. Quite a few people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-year-old persons, for these young people like to listen to pop music and pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise produced by jet planes or machines will make people ill or even drive them mad. It is said a continuous noise of over 85 decibels can cause deafness. Now the government in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels. In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise problems. Ten percent of the workers in Britain are being deafened because _ . | [
"they are working in noisy places",
"they often listen to pop music",
"they are busy in listening to other's talk",
"they live near airports"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7217 | The use of mobile phones over a long period of time can raise the risk for brain tumors , a new Swedish study said on Friday , contradicting (......) the conclusions of other researchers . The Dutch Health Council , in an overview of research from around the world , last year found no evidence radiation from mobile phones and TV towers was harmful . A four-year British survey released in January showed no link between regular . long-term use of cell phones and the most common type of tumor . However , researchers at the Swedish National Institute for Working Life said they looked at the mobile phone use of 905 people between the age of 20 and 80 who had been diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor and found a link " A total 80 of these 905 cases were so-called high users of mobile phones , that is they began early to use mobile and or wireless telephones and used them a lot , " the study said . " The study also shows that the rise in risk is noticeable for tumors on the sided of the head where the phone was said to be used , " it added . Kjell Mild , who led the study , said the figures meant that heavy users of mobile phones , for instance of who make mobile phone calls for 2 , 000 hours or more in their life , had a 240 percent increased risk for a malignant tumor on the side of the head the phone is used . " The way to the risk down is to use handsfree , " he told Reuters . He said his study was the biggest yet to look at long-term users of the wireless phone has been around inprefix = st1 /Swedenin a portable form since 1984 , longer than in many other countries . Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage ? | [
"Sweden is the earliest country to use mobile phones",
"The mobile phone has been popular since early 1980s in Sweden",
"There is less risk to have tumor by using handsfree .",
"It might be safer by reducing the time of using a mobile phone"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6606 | Riding on an exercise bike at home may keep you in physical shape, but it can get pretty boring after a while. Aaron Puzey had been on his exercise bike for half an hour a day for years when he decided to look for a way to make it a bit more fun. With virtual reality technology widely available nowadays, all be needed to do was find a way of applying it to his needs. So he set out to build an app for the Samsung Galaxy Gear VR headset which would allow him to hook it up to Google Street view and make it seem like he's cycling through different real-life locations. Building the app to download the 3D data from Street View and make it viewable in the VR headset was the toughest part of his project. Other than that, all he needed to do was tape a Bluetooth monitor to his exercise bike. Although the quality of the images sometimes leaves a lot to be desired,leaving complex scenes like trees looking like a mess,Aaron has been having a lot of fun on his journey. Aaron's project is obviously no substitute (> for real outdoor cycling as it Lacks things like the wind blowing in your face or the pain of battling an uphill climb, bul it has given him a goal, as well as the chance to take in the beauty of places he might have otherwise never seen. It definitely beats staring at a wall or at the TV for 30 minutes, anyway. Obviously, Aaron's setup theoretically allows him to ride a bike anywhere around the world. He says he ba6 always wanted to see Japan, so once his ride comes to an end, he plans to start another one across the Land of the Rising Sun. Why did Aaron Puzey build the app? | [
"To invent a new kind of bicycle.",
"To participate in a competition.",
"To satisfy the needs of the public.",
"To add fun to his exercise bike routine*"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19382 | Flashlights run on batteries in order to light up. Those use chemical energy, light uses | [
"mechanical energy",
"Light energy",
"Hyper energy",
"solar energy"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15478 | If you go into the forest with your friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. What should you do if you really get lost? You should sit down and stay where you are. You mustn't try to find your friends. Let them find you. If you want your friends to find you, you need to stay in one place. You can also shout three times. Then stop. Then shout three times again. Keep up shouting. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know you need help and where you are. If you don't think that you can get help before night comes, you should make a little house with some small trees or branches or something else. And make yourself a bed with leaves or grass. When you need some water and you have to leave your little house to look for it, don't just walk away. Leave small branches or something else on the way and then you can find your way back easily. When you want to look for some water, you need to _ . | [
"cut down some trees",
"make another house",
"use branches to make a bed",
"leave branches on the way"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12047 | In today's world, we rely on computers as never before.They are used for everything from ordering a pizza to running hospitals and military defense systems.Banking and credit card information is stored and accessed by computers.So what happens when a computer gets infected with a virus? One effect is that people's access to their e-mail accounts is cut off.A more serious possible consequence is that billions of dollars could be lost. A virus is a computer program that copies itself onto other programs and infects them. Similar to an easily spread disease, a computer virus goes from computer to computer, either adding to or changing the tasks a program is designed to do. The first computer viruses were created in the mid '80s and had varying effects.Some caused files to be deleted, or made the letters on the screen appear to fall off.Others displayed a specific message once the computer was turned on. Viruses today are much more widespread and dangerous than ever before.Perhaps the most damaging to date has been the "I Love You" virus."I Love You" appeared in May 2000 and has possibly been the most destructive virus in terms of monetary loss. The virus is released when an attachment to a fake e-mail message is opened.By changing the names of files on computers, "I Love You" makes them difficult to access.It also searches for important personal information, including passwords, which it sends to a web site for others to see. It is estimated that more than 45 million people in 20 countries have had their computers infected by the "I Love You" virus.Some say the cost of repair and lost business has been more than US$10 billion. If you own a computer, it is important to keep it in good health by installing an anti-virus program.If updated frequently, it will protect your e-mail access-not to mention your wallet. Which of the following is one of the damages brought by "I Love You" virus? | [
"It deletes files.",
"It automatically turns on computers.",
"It automatically turns off computers.",
"It makes it difficult to access flies."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6521 | Plant World Garden Centre is located between Torquay and Newton Abbot. The Garden is laid out to represent the five continents of the world. Our inspirational gardens contain countless rare and foreign plants seldom seen outside their native lands. Our Famous "Gardens of the World" It was designed , built and planted in 1986 as the first ever " Map of the World Gardens" . It takes visitors half an hour or more to drive along the winding pathways around the "world map" and see which plants grow in which countries. The neighboring rare plant nurseries ( ) enable visitors to take home plants and trees growing there. We give a warm welcome to garden clubs and gardening societies, many of whom make annual visits. Latest News Our new Garden website is released! We hope you like our new website which we have tried to fill with interesting information and history about our lovely gardens. Seeds We produce and sell over 3 ,000 varieties of flower and vegetable seeds. Many are rare ,and unusual. All of them can be purchased on our sister website : www. plant-world-seeds.com. Scenic Cafe Our hilltop cafe offers one of the most incredible panoramas ( ) of Britain. The menu includes toasted sandwiches and jacket potatoes. In addition ,many home-made cakes are offered, including the famous Devon Cream Teas. We always use local produce whenever possible-our ice creams are from Language , our home-made soups come from Rod & Bens ,and our bottled drinks are supplied by Heron Valley. Opening Times We are open 9:30 am - 5 :00 pm, seven days a week, from late March to mid October ( please call first to confirm at the start/end of season) . . Garden Admission Prices Day ticket : ~ 3 Season ticket : PS 10 Kids under 12 go free If a couple and their l0-year-old son want to visit Plant World Garden for two days, they need to pay _ | [
"PS9",
"PS6",
"PS27",
"PS12"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1969 | For many years, people have been curious about the stars. In the past, people have shared what they knew about the stars through stories and drawings. Which pair of tools would be most helpful for people today to gather and share information about stars? | [
"a notebook and a calculator",
"a telescope and a computer",
"a calculator and a microscope",
"a microscope and a telescope"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17907 | Which of these is a function of a leaf? | [
"Carrying nutrients throughout the plant",
"Converting solar energy into sugar",
"Creating shade for the plant",
"Absorbing water from the ground"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19015 | In a zoo, a polar bear exhibit will contain | [
"salt",
"cacti",
"strong fans",
"sand"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16423 | Do you feel a little sleepy after lunch? Well, that's normal . Your body slows down then. What should you do about it? Don't drink coffee! Instead, take a nap . It's good to have a daily nap. First of all, you are more energetic after napping. You remember things better and make fewer mistakes. Also, you can learn things more easily after taking a nap. A nap may improve your self-confidence and make you more active. It may even cheer you up. But, there are some rules you should think about taking a nap. First, take a nap in the middle of day. Next, a 20-minute nap is best. If you sleep longer, you may fall into a deep sleep. After waking from a deep sleep, you will feel worse. Also, you should set an alarm clock. That way, you can fully relax during your nap. You won't have to keep looking at the clock so you don't sleep too much. Now, the next time you feel sleepy after lunch, don't get stressed. Put your head down, close your eyes, and take a nap. After taking a nap, you may feel more _ . | [
"stressed",
"energetic",
"sleepy",
"friendly"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9152 | Rescue workers and volunteers in prefix = st1 /Floridaworked non-stop to help as many dolphins as they could to return to deep water. Some dolphins made it. About 24 died. For 35 dolphins in danger there was only one chance for survival--to be sent to the Marine Mammals Care Centre. The dolphins were placed in a water pool where they have been given care _ by hundreds of volunteers who signed up for four-hour shifts . By the second week in April, only 11 of the original 35 were still alive. Each year thousands of dolphins, the lovely marine mammals, are found beached or stranded along coastlines around the world. They can't get back to the sea and will die if they don't get help, according to the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society's website. Nobody knows what caused the dolphins to strand themselves, but the US Navy and marine wildlife experts are investigating whether the dolphin stranding was caused by sonar exercises of ships. And some scientists suggest disease, or human interference . The reason for stranding isn't completely understood. In the pool, volunteers hold the dolphins and keep their blowholes out of the water so they can breathe. A vet injects the mammals with vitamin E to help with muscle cramping . Unable to eat on their own, they are fitted with a feeding tube to get them the needed nutrition. "Today we made the first steps in getting them to eat dead fish and to eat them out of our hands," Banick said. It's a race against time and feeding times must be strictly kept to. How many dolphins had died by the second week in April? | [
"11.",
"24.",
"35.",
"46"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2956 | One day Daddy and I went out for a walk. On the way we saw a lot of people. We went up and had a look. Oh dear What did we see There was a donkey in the middle of the road. It would not move. The cars and buses could not get past. Then a policeman came. "Whose donkey is this" he asked. "Its mine" said a farmer "but I cant move it." The policeman and the farmer did their best to move the donkey but it would not move. We laughed but the drivers of cars and buses were worried. "We cant move the donkey" the farmer and the policeman said."What shall we do?""Give him a carrot" my father said. "That's a good idea" said the farmer. Soon he found a carrot and showed it to the donkey. When the donkey saw the carrot it jumped up and walked after the farmer. All the cars and buses could get past at last Daddy and I _ . | [
"helped to move away the donkey",
"went up and saw a donkey there",
"waited for the buses pass first",
"saw the donkey was ill"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16450 | You may know the word "astronaut".But do you know the word "taikonaut"? It means "Chinese astronaut" in English.It comes from the Chinese pinyin "taikong" and the English word "astronaut".In 1998.a Malaysian Chinese scientist used the word for the first time.Since then,because of the fast development of China's space industry,more and more people all over the world have known the word.In September,2008,taikonauts caught many people's eyes again. The Shenzhou-7 spacecraft that carried three taikonauts took off from China's Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on September 25th.It's the third time for China to send people into space.During the flight in space.some tasks were completed and the 20-minute spacewalk was the most exciting one.With the help of his two teammates Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng,Chinese taikonaut Zhai Zhigang completed China's first spacewalk.China has become the third country to finish such an outer space activity following Russia and the U.S.A.All the Chinese people are proud of our country. Who completed China's first spacewalk? | [
"Jing Haipeng.",
"Liu Boming.",
"Zhai Zhigang.",
"Yang Liwei."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7497 | The Brown Bear My wife Laura and I were on the beach, with three of our children, taking pictures of shore birds near our home in Alaska when we spotted a bear. The bear was thin and small, moving aimlessly. Just a few minutes later, I heard my daughter shouting, "Dad! The bear is right behind us!" An agreesive bear will usually rush forward to frighten away its enemy but would suddenly stop at the last minute. This one was silent and its ears pinned back---- the sign of an animal that is going in for the kill. And it was a cold April day. The bear behaved abnormally, probably because of hunger. I held my camera tripod in both hands to form a barrier as the bear rushed into me. Its huge head was level with my chest and shoulders, and the tripod stuck across its mouth. It bit down and I found myself supporting its weight. I knew I would not be able to hold it for long. Even so, this was a fight I had to win: I was all that stood between the bear and my family, who would stand little chance of running faster than a brown bear. The bear hit at the camera, cutting it off the tripod. I raised my left arm to protect my face; the beast held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side. My arm could not move, and I sensed that my bones were going to break. Drawing back my free hand, I struck the bear as hard as I could for five to six times. The bear opened its mouth and I grasped its fur, trying to push it away. I was actually wrestling with the bear at this point. Then, as suddenly as it had begun, the fight ended. The bear moved back toward the forest, before returning for another attack----- The first time I felf panic. Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went. My arm was injured, but the outcome for us could hardly have been better. I'm proud that my family reminded clear-headed when panic could have led to a very different outcome. The brown bear approached the family in order to _ . | [
"catch shore birds",
"start an attack",
"protect the children",
"set up a barrier for itself"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18993 | A woman leaves some meat on the counter, and bacteria begins to quickly grow on the surface. This bacteria may cause | [
"turned food",
"growing beans",
"sticky toffee",
"pocked oranges"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1030 | In a healthy forest, dead trees and limbs fall to the ground and decompose. Which of these statements best describes why decomposition is important to a forest ecosystem? | [
"Nutrients are released when wood is broken down.",
"Worms produce oxygen used by other organisms.",
"Dead trees provide nest sites for many different species of birds.",
"Water is stored in dead trees and limbs."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7011 | (Published March 30, 2011)Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity might have a few mistakes--and Jake Barnett has set out to prove it. Between attending college classes at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and tutoring his fellow students, Jake is also working on a new theory about the creation of the universe. He happens to be 12 years old. From an early age, Jake showed an extraordinary interest in stars. When he was 3, his parents took him to a space observatory. He tried to learn as much as he could about astronomy. Jake's IQ measured remarkably high at 170. As a baby, Jake was found out with Asperser's syndrome, a form of autism . Autism causes difficulties in communication and social abilities. People with autism may also have strong interests--like Jake's interest in the stars at a young age. The symptoms of autism can range from mild to extremely severe. Asperser's is one of the milder forms of autism. Sometimes people with Asperser's, like Jake, develop extremely advanced skills in science, music or art. When Jake was in elementary school, his parents worried that the effects of his Asperser's were worsening. He became quiet. _ So a doctor recommended that Jake's parents let him study more advanced subjects, like math and physics. Jake's mother asked an astronomy professor to let Jake sit in on his class. Now, Jake studies advanced sciences like electromagnetic physics at IUPUI. But Jake thinks it's important to have a normal life too. He likes to play Guitar Hero with his friends and watch science fiction movies. He also enjoys playing classical music on the piano.But for Jake, studying physics is the most important thing. Jake's professor, John Ross, is working on getting a large sum of money for him to do research at the university. Doctors have said Jake's autism symptoms have lessened over time. Still, Jake proudly refers to himself as an "Aspy", or someone with Asperser's. In an interview with his university student newspaper, he said, "I think the autism is the reason I'm even at IUPUI." What did Jake want to do at IUPUI? | [
"Get a degree in astronomy.",
"Put forward his own theory in physics.",
"Become an Albert Einstein in the future.",
"Teach his fellow students Theory of Relativity."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15719 | One day a rich man meets Sam. The rich man asks, "I hear you're very clever and nothing is difficult to you. Can you tell me why you are so clever?" Sam answers with a smile, "Oh, I am not clever. Instead , you are too foolish ." The rich man becomes very angry. Sam says, "Please don't be angry. If you don't believe me, now let me ask you a question. If you put together one group of sheep and another group of sheep, how many groups of sheep do you have?" "Why! That's an easy question. One and one is two, and anybody knows that. I have two groups of sheep." Sam laughs and says, "You are wrong. When two groups of sheep are put together, there is still one group. That's the easiest question in the world." One day _ meets Sam. | [
"a rich man",
"a poor man",
"an old man",
"a clever man"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18969 | who would see better through an underground tunnel? | [
"a boy with a pen",
"a man with a stick",
"a man with a spoon",
"a man with a candle and match"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9682 | Education is an expensive part of American life. Its size is matched by its variety. Differences in American schools compared with those found in the majority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long been intended for everyone. Schools are expected to meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, and also the needs of society itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects. It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering such courses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or driver training, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics, history, and languages. Students choose their courses depending on their interests, future goals, and level of ability. The basic goal of American education is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her own possibilities, and to give each one a sense of community. Schools have traditionally played an important role in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions of immigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schools still play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns. The teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not only because it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasis on learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves and to develop their own intellectual and creative abilities. Students spend much time learning how to use materials, libraries, statistics, and computers. Americans believe that if children are taught to _ and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they need throughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important than the accumulation of facts. This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtful parents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-moving time, "How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one can neither predict nor understand?" It is implied in the passage that _ . | [
"all high-school students take the same courses",
"every student must take practical ability training courses",
"every public school offers the same academic subjects",
"the subjects every student takes may vary"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1450 | Once upon a time there were three rabbits, named Winston, Chester, and Francis. Chester was a brown rabbit with large eyes. Francis was grey and white and had messy fur. Winston was black and very fat. They were very happy rabbits who loved to eat. Every day they would leave their home, cross a road, and go through a small forest to get to a meadow of grass. They loved to eat that grass. One day, Chester thought he smelled something interesting. At first he thought it might be dirt. Then he thought maybe some sort of flower. So, he asked a nearby squirrel. The squirrel's name was Acorn. Acorn said that he thought it was mushrooms. However, Francis, the smartest rabbit, went to go look, and he learned that it was actually a garden of carrots. The rabbits were all excited. They all loved carrots! They ate all the carrots. Who smelled something interesting? | [
"Francis",
"Winston",
"Chester",
"Acorn"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15111 | As we all know, animals are our good friends. Many kids love animals very much. They like to go to the zoo every Saturday, Sunday or even every day on weekdays. But do you want to go to the zoo at night? Usually, the zoos aren't open at night. But if you are in Singapore, you may have a chance to visit a zoo at night. There is a night zoo in Singapore. Its name is Night Safari. It is open at night. Why? That's because many animals only wake up in the evening, like tigers and wolves. During the day, they like to sleep, so it's the best time to watch them at night. Is that interesting? Welcome to the Night Safari! Why is the best time to watch some animals at night? | [
"Because they are sleeping at night.",
"Because they aren't sleeping at night..",
"Because they are beautiful at night.",
"Because they aren't dangerous at night."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_10097 | Compared to the other parts of the body, our ears don't ask for much. They don't need to be brushed once a day like your teeth. But they need some special care, especially if you like listening to music with earphones. Maybe your mum or dad has told you, "Turn that down before you go deaf!" Well, they are quite right. Loud noise might cause hearing loss for a short time or even forever. Think that earphones are a good way to escape from tour parents' eyes? Well. It may not be as good a way as you expect. American doctors have studied a group of 44,000 people who used earphones more than 15 hours per week. The doctors found that 37,000 of them were getting hearing problems. If you use earphones for too long a time, your ears might feel painful. You could also lose your hearing for the rest of your life. So don't wear your earphones too long. Use them less than one hour a day. Want sharp hearing? Don't forget to do the following: Try to stay away from places where there is too much noise, like a disco. If you have to go, wear earplugs. When swimming, remember to put earplugs into your ears to stop water from getting in. Never put anything sharp into your ears. If you think you have too much earwax, ask your mum or dad to help you clean it out. Keep these things in mind! Then you won't be saying "WHAT???" when you are older. If you want sharp hearing, you should _ . | [
"have your ears specially trained",
"often wear earplugs and clean out the earwax",
"take good care of your ears",
"choose what you listen to carefully"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9699 | Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups .Hiccups are so mysterious.We really don't know why they start and why they stop. Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups.Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well.Others eat a teaspoon of sugar.Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it. An American man named Jack O'Leary said he had hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years.He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked.At last he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately. It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups.People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well.He tried them all, but the hiccups continued.Finally, he drank a "secret" mixture someone had sent him.By that evening his hiccups were gone. Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows.But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea--hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure. From this passage, we can learn _ . | [
"Saint Jude is an expert in curing the hiccups",
"the reason why the hiccups start and why the hiccups stop",
"some people think that a good scare is a cure for a case of hiccups",
"the British plumber drank a \"secret\" mixture given by an experienced doctor and then became well"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7557 | Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers. They use robotic systems to milk their cows. These systems are designed to reduce labor and increase milk production. Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to the milking stations. Only one cow at a time can enter the station. Once inside,the cow is rewarded with food. As the cow eats,a robotic arm cleans and connects the animal to the milking machine. A few minutes later,the milking is completed. The gate is lifted. The cow leaves and the next cow enters. The robotic systems are designed to operate twenty four hours a day. Cows are milked on average about three times a day. Some are milked four to six times a day. The cows wear collars around their necks that identify them to the system. A computer keeps records on their eating and milking. A cow is released from the station if the computer decides it should not be milked. The system also measures the temperature and color of the freshly produced milk. Milk is thrown away if it does not pass the tests. Cows need two to four weeks to learn to use the robotic milking systems. Once trained,the cows no longer require human assistance,unless something goes wrong. Professor Plaut heads the Department of Animal Science at Michigan State University. She believes the systems will attract especially the next generation of farmers who are more interested in technology and less interested in working all the time on the farm. Still,she says the price of robotic milking systems will continue to limit their use. Doug Suhr has more than one hundred milking cows on his farm. Last year it became the fourth farm in southeast Minnesota to get a robotic milking system. A recent story in a local agricultural newspaper said the first robot cost $175,000 and the second cost $150,000.Doug says the increase in milk production reaches a high of more than 6kg per cow per day. Under robotic milking systems, _ decide(s) whether a cow is suitable to be milked. | [
"the robotic arms",
"the dairy farmers",
"the cows themselves",
"a computer"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2899 | DNA is one of the most important discoveries in science. DNA is the plan for the human being, as a blueprint is the plan for a building. DNA makes a person look the way he does. A person's DNA comes from a mixing of his parents' DNA. That's why a child looks like his parents. But, besides controlling things such as height and hair color, DNA can also give people diseases. Scientists are now studying DNA to cure diseases. In the seventies, scientists developed a process called recombinant or RDNA. Although it sounds difficult to understand, RDNA simply means taking DNA from one animal or plant and putting it into another. By doing so, scientists can create new beings. In doing so, scientists can better understand DNA, especially what parts of DNA do what. After they understand DNA, scientists can begin to cure diseases. Often, the new being created will itself be the cure. Besides curing diseases, RDNA research can also do other things. For example, scientists in Japan have already created "super-trees". Trees help humans, because they take CO2, which poisons humans, from the air and turns it into oxygen, which lets humans breathe. "Super-trees" do this too, but do it much faster. As things such as cars and factories have already put much CO2in the area, "super-trees" are badly needed. Unfortunately, there is a serious danger in RDNA research. Scientists want to create animals to cure old diseases, but these new animals may also create new diseases. It will be a serious problem if the animals escape from the science laboratory and into nature. As these animals are not natural, they may _ many new powerful diseases. As a result, RDNA research will create many solutions, but it will also create many problems. You might find this passage in / on a _ . | [
"fashion magazine",
"novel",
"scientific newspaper",
"sports newspaper"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8989 | Australian researchers have studied records of 105 plane crashes and interviews with more than 2,000 survivors of traffic accidents, and outlined the following self-help tips. First, sit with your family but escape separately. About 50 percent of passengers travel with at least one companion. If you are traveling with your family, try not to sit separately because in an emergency, families who are separated will try to reunite before they escape, thereby missing the best time to escape and causing tragedy. However, it is best to escape separately because it will improve your chances of survival. Second, have your seat belts securely fastened. The shoulder belt should be worn closely against the body, over the shoulder, cross the chest, and never under the arms. It should not be too close to your head, or it may get you hurt in an accident, or too close to your shoulder joint, which may cause the belt easily to slip off. It is best to wear the belt two fingers away from your shoulder joint. The lap belt should be firm against the body and low across the hips in order to prevent collision forces from hurting your viscera . Make sure both belts are fastened closely against the body. Third, find the nearest exit on board. A study found that the average distance a survivor will take in an escape is seven seat rows, so choose a passage seat within this range. If not available, count exactly how many rows you are from the nearest exit in advance, so that you can find your exit in the dark or in smoke. Fourth, sit backwards on trains. Seats on military aircrafts normally face backwards so that soldiers are less likely to be bumped and injured in the head in the event of a crash. The same theory applies to trains. Which of the following is the right step to fastening your seat belts? | [
"The shoulder belt should never be under the arms.",
"The shoulder belt should be close to your shoulder joint.",
"The lap belt should be low across the waist.",
"All belts are fastened closely against the body."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17852 | In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Tens of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly through the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement best describes the two events? | [
"Both outbreaks were pandemics.",
"Both outbreaks were epidemics.",
"The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.",
"The influenza outbreak was an epidemic. The plague outbreak was a pandemic."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12571 | Mr. Green has a small garden in front of his house. There are lots of flowers in it. But he has only a few trees. His neighbor Mr. Black has a garden, too. Mr. Black's garden is smaller than Mr. Green 's garden. He has fewer flowers than Mr Green but more trees. Mr. Brown is Mr. Green's another neighbour. Mr. Brown's garden is the smallest one of the three. He has the fewest flowers of them all, but the weeds in his garden are the tallest. There is always a lot of work to do in his garden, but Mr. Brown doesn't have enough time to work in his garden, so his garden is the worst. Mr. Black has _ flowers but _ trees than Mr. Green. | [
"more; fewer",
"fewer; more",
"more; more",
"fewer; fewer"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15529 | A man made a nice talking machine .It could weigh people's weight .The man wanted to try the machine before he could make a lot of machines. He put the machine into the waiting room of a station .There were always lots of people in and out . The first one who used the machine was an Indian woman. She stood on the machine, the machine thought for a few seconds to decide which language to speak . "Good morning ,Madam ."it said in Indian . "Your weight is 72 kilograms .That's three kilograms more .If you eat more fruit and vegetables ,you will be soon all right .Please have a nice day ." The second one to use the machine was a Chinese girl .She stood on the machine and waited to hear her weight. " Good morning ,Miss ."the machine said in Chinese ."Your weight is 45 kilograms .It's all right for your age. Keep eating what you eat every day .Please have a nice day." The third one to use the machine was a very fat American woman. She thought for a long time to stand on the machine. The machine spoke quickly in English "Good morning .Will one of you get off?" The machine said to a Chinese girl that she_. | [
"should eat more",
"should eat less",
"had to eat more fruit",
"kept herself healthy"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20970 | If a bird is pecking at a bush for food, the bush can also eat if | [
"munches on some berries",
"it fulfills its role",
"orders something it likes",
"kills a small deer"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14780 | When we have small cuts in the skin , something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal themselves in a couple of days. How does this happen? Read on, and you will find out the secret. Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells . Cells grow and make new cells. Most cells are very small and we can't see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses. Our skin cells are special ones. The cells on the outside of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right under the outside. These are the living skin cells. They work for our bodies. They help protect our bodies and heal cuts. Our bodies make skin cells all the time. As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Outside skin cells fit together closely with no _ between them. When you cut yourself, you can harm your skin cells. A small cut will not be harmful. Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells. How do skin cells work? First, the cells near the cut get bigger and move into the gap. Next, these bigger cells meet in the middle. They form a new layer of skin cells. Finally, new cells will grow until the gap disappears. In this way, your skin can grow and get well itself. How amazing the small cells are! Next time you have a cut, don't worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed. From the passage, we know that cells _ . | [
"are large and we can see them with our eyes",
"can heal few cuts themselves",
"are in everything on the earth",
"can grow and make new cells"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15640 | The Internet has become part of teenagers' life. A new report shows that 38 percent (......) of 3,375 students use the Internet often. Most of the students get useful information for their studies, but some are not using it in a good way. Many students are playing online games too much. Some even visit some unhealthy websites. A teacher from Beijing Yinghua Middle School, Hong Ying warns that something bad can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet. She said that one of her students used to be good at school. But when he started visiting unhealthy websites,he hurt a girl by cheating online. At last the police caught him and sent him into the prison . In order to help young people use the Internet safely, some schools in Shanghai find a good way. The schools provide a textbook for the students. The book uses real examples to teach students about good ways of using the Internet. Teachers and parents all think the book is good. Hong said that the book will help students keep away from the bad behaviors of using computer. The book will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. _ of the 3,375 students use the Internet very often. | [
"10",
"18",
"38",
"About 1282"
] | null | D |
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