dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2995 | Finally, the long-awaited flying car is almost here. AeroMobil, a Slovakian company, plans to start selling its creation, the AeroMobil3. 0, in 2017. The company claims on its site that the vehicle "transforms in seconds from an automobile to an airplane" by using "existing infrastructure created for automobiles and planes."The vehicle is petrol-powered and has wings that fold, which allows it to be parked like a car, though it is nearly 20 feet long. The company's website features a video where the AeroMobil 3. 0 drives out of a hangar ( )and goes down a highway, sharing the road with ordinary cars until it arrives at an airstrip. The car then unfolds its wings and takes off from a stretch of grass, rather than a paved tarmac , and flies through the air like any other small airplane. AeroMobil spokesman Stefan Vadocz said his company hasn't decided on an exact price because it's not ready yet."The prototype is a work in progress," he said in an email. But he said the price would be several hundreds of thousands of euros---somewhere in between a sports car and a light sports aircraft. The vehicle seats two people---the pilot and a passenger---and its single propeller is located at the rear of the plane. The company said the car's top speed on the road is at least 99 mph and while flying it is at least 124 mph. It can fly for 435 miles before running out of fuel. It has a steel framework and carbon coating and is powered by a Rotax 912, a four-cylinder aircraft engine from BRP of Austria. Flying cars aren't exactly new. The concept has been around since long before The Jetsons popularized the idea in the 1960s. It has been a regular topic in Popular Science ever since World War I ace, Eddie Rickenbacker, wrote about it in 1924. But getting a practical, reliable flying car off the ground has been a serious challenge. Glenn Curtiss discovered this in 1918 when he developed the Curtiss Autoplane. It turned out to be more of a hopper than a flyer, so it failed to become popular with the public. What is the biggest difference between the AeroMobil 3. 0 and other airplanes? | [
"It is powered by aircraft fuel.",
"It can fly as fast as airplanes.",
"It has a propeller.",
"It can take off from a stretch of grass."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13263 | John is thirteen now. He began to study in a middle school two years ago. His home is in a small village and it's nearly five kilometers from the school. He has to get up early in the morning. After a quick breakfast, he has to run to school and get there on time. His father hopes to borrow some money to buy a bike for him, but he knows his mother is always ill and his father spends much money on medicine. He doesn't agree with him and keeps running there every day. Now he's very strong and never late for class and his teachers often praise him. Last week there was a sports meeting in his school. John ran faster than any other boy and won the boys' 800 meters, 1,500 meters and 3,000 meters. The whole school knew him. He was very happy. He told his grandma about the good news as soon as he got home. "I broke two school records today, Granny." called out the boy. To his surprise, the old woman wasn't happy. She thought for a while and said, "I'm sorry to hear that. We have no money to pay for them, you know!" John runs to school every day in order to _ . | [
"keep healthy",
"win the boys' race",
"make his teachers happy",
"get to school on time"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12263 | A plant makes its own food in its leaves .Water comes to the leaves through the roots . Air gets into the leaves through very small holes . The green coloring in the leaves uses the water and air to make the food for the plant . It also needs sunshine because a plant can make food only when the sun is shining. Animals and people could not live without green plants . They both eat plants .People and some animals also eat the meat of some animals and these animals eat plants. A plant can make its food when it is _ . | [
"cloudy",
"rainy",
"sunny",
"windy"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18820 | The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be possible for a solar eclipse to occur? | [
"new moon",
"full moon",
"waning",
"waxing"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15562 | Model Time A model is a small copy of a building, vehicle ,machine etc, especially one that can be put together from several parts. If you like models, then this will be the place for you . From model trains, planes and cars to rockets and boats, we've got them all! To find others who can share your interests, and to get more information, please call 88563219. Sports Club Sports Club offers you many different ways to keep healthy. You'll never get bored. Our Program & Service Department is always working in new ways to keep you strong and happy . For more of it , visit _ Keypals International Club KIC is a fun club started by kids, for kids aged 8 to 16. KIC tries to help kids understand different cultures through emails and other activities . KIC has members from 40 different countries. For more of it, visit _ Kids Art Club Kids Art Club offers drawing and painting classes to children aged 7 to 14. Classes are small and we have to have only six learners each class. All classes are taught by Jim Todd who has worked in the art field for over twenty years. For more information, please call 886766213. Which of the following is not mentioned in the four passages? | [
"You can do different kinds of sports at Sports Club.",
"Model Time has members from 40 different countries.",
"Keypals International Club is mainly for kids aged 8--16.",
"Jim Todd has worked in the art field for more than 20 years."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19017 | Some birds have scooped beaks, but others have sharp beaks such as | [
"peregrine falcons",
"pelicans",
"toucans",
"snakes"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3164 | The most frightening words in the English language are, "Our computer is down." You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, "I'm sorry, I can't sell you a ticket. Our computer is down." "If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket." "I can't write you, out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so:" I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just star, ding there, drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, "What do all you people do?" "We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not." "How lorig will the computer be down?" I wanted to know. "I have no idea. Sometimes it,s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There's no way we can find odt without asking the computer, and since it's down it won't answer, us." After the girl told me they had no backup computer, I said. "Let's forget the computer. What about your planes? They're still flying, aren't they?" I wouldn't know," she said, pointino at the dark screen. "Only 'IT' knows. 'It' can't tell me." By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The words soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white; some people started to cry and still others kicked.their luggage. Which of the following is TRUE? | [
"The author couldn't leave for Washington because of the weather.",
"All the computers, in the airport were down.",
"The passengers could get on the plane even the computer was down.",
"The girl knew nothing about the flight without the computer."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12153 | You know that balloons must be kept away from sharp objects. They also needed to be kept away from flames. A fire can weaken the rubber and cause it to break. However, in this experiment you will find out how you can hold a balloon directly in a flame without breaking the balloon. Materials needed: * two round balloons not inflated * several matches * water Inflate one of the balloons and tie it. Place 1/4 cup of water in the other balloon, and then inflate it and tie it. Light a match and hold it under the first balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens? The balloon breaks, perhaps even before the flame touches it. Light another match. Hold it directly under the water in the second balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens to this balloon? It doesn't break. Why does the balloon with no water break in the flame? The flame heats the rubber of both balloons. The rubber of the balloon without water becomes so hot that it becomes too weak to _ the pressure of the air inside the balloon. However, when the balloon with water in it is placed in the flame, the water takes in most of the heat from the flame. Then, the rubber of the balloon doesn't become very hot, it doesn't weaken, and the balloon doesn't break. Water is a particularly good absorber of heat. It takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water. On the other hand, when water cools, it gives off a great deal of heat. That's why areas near oceans or other large bodies of water don't get as cold in winter as areas at the same latitude further inland. The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to prove that _ . | [
"water is a particularly good absorber of heat",
"some balloons can be easily broken, while others can't.",
"balloons without water are not as strong as those with water inside.",
"the temperature is not up to the latitude."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_150 | Earth's core is primarily composed of which of the following materials? | [
"basalt",
"iron",
"magma",
"quartz"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16882 | Mobile phones and the internet have improved our live in many ways. However, along with improvements, they have also brought a number of worrying problems. Many car accident are caused by mobile phones. You can use many new mobile phones to get on the internet. This can be very convenient, but some drivers get on the internet while driving. Driving needs all our attention. By looking at their mobile phones and not at the road, these insensitive Drivers are a danger to us all. Many of the dangers of the internet are well known. Children who visit websites without their parents' permission sometimes talk to older people they don't know and put themselves in great danger. People with blogs sometimes post embarrassing photographs of people they don't know on their websites without permission. There are also people who use the internet to get personal information that we do not want them to have. Mobile Phone and Internet Safety Tips If you need to use a mobile phone with you drive use a "hands-free" phone. In difficult driving situations such as rain or snow, do not use your phone at all. Do not make very important phone calls while driving. They take your attention off the road. Tell your children not to talk with anyone they do not know on the internet. In an embarrassing situation, pay attention to people around you. People will be shy about taking your picture if they know you're paying attention. Refuse to give out any information personal information on the internet. A "hands-free" mobile phone is probably a mobile phone that _ . | [
"is free to use",
"can be used without your hands",
"can be used with only one hand",
"can be use only in ears"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17862 | What travels through the stem of a plant? | [
"water and food",
"food and nectar",
"nectar and soil",
"soil and water"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15371 | Once upon a time a married couple celebrated their 25th marriage anniversary . They had become famous in the city for not having a single _ in the period of 25 years. Local newspaper editors had gathered at the occasion to find out the secret of their well known "happy going marriage". The editor asked, " Sir. It's amazingly unbelievable. How did you make this possible?" The husband, recalling his old honeymoon days, said, "We had been to Switzerland for honeymoon after marriage. Having selected the horse riding finally, we both started the ride on different horses. My horse was pretty okay but the horse on which my wife was riding seemed to be a crazy one. On the way ahead, that horse jumped suddenly, making my wife fall off. Standing up from the ground, she patted the horse's back and said ' This is your first time'. She again climbed the horse and continued with the ride. After a while, it happened again. This time she again kept calm and said ' This is your second time' and continued. When the horse dropped her the third time, she silently took out the gun from the purse and shot the horse deadl I shouted at my wife, ' What did you do? You killed the poor animal. Are you crazy?' She gave me a silent look and said, ' This is your first timel ' " The husband added, "That's it. We are happy ever after. " ,. How many times did the woman fall off the horse? | [
"Once",
"Twice",
"Three times",
"Four times"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17249 | A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow? | [
"turn off any electrical equipment",
"dispose of waste materials",
"wash hands and tabletops thoroughly",
"return materials to their proper place"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13319 | Students learn many subjects at school, like Chinese, English, math and physics. Some students think it's hard to do well in math. They say it's boring. Why do they say this? First, some math problems are so hard for them. They spend a lot of time on them, but they can't work them out, so they lost heart . Second, they are afraid( ) to ask their teachers for help. They think the teachers will laugh at them. Third, they think math class is very tiring because they need to use their brain to find out the answers all the time. How can you do well in math? Here is some advice from a math teacher: 1. Listen to the teacher carefully in class and do some extra exercises after class. 2. Ask the teacher for help if you don't understand anything. Don't be afraid. 3. Don't forget to go over your old lessons. If you do these things, you will find it much easier to do better in math. Doing _ math problem can make students lose heart. | [
"easy",
"difficult",
"many",
"few"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12267 | Mary had some troubles, so she went to see the doctor. He was a new doctor, and did not know her. So he first asked her some questions. One of the questions was, "What is your age?" "Well..." Mary answered, "I don't quite remember, doctor, but I will try to think." She thought for a while and then said, "Yes, I remember now, doctor. When I married, I was twenty-two years old, and my husband was thirty then. Now he is sixty, I know, and that is twice thirty. And so I am twice twenty-two. That is forty-four, isn't it?" The doctor's first question was " _ ". | [
"You are no more than forty, are you?",
"Do you have a fever?",
"What is your age?",
"Have you had any medicine?"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8768 | An antifreeze is a liquid that is added to water to keep it from freezing. When water freezes and turns to ice, it expands. The force of water expanding is so great that it will break the hardest metal. Water is used in car engines to keep them cool while they run, and if this water is allowed to freeze in winter it can break the iron block of the engine. That is why antifreezes are necessary. Water freezes at the 0degC: the usual kind of antifreeze will not freeze until the temperature is 40degC below zero. A mixture of 5 parts of water and 4 parts of antifreeze will prevent freezing at 18degC below zero; 4 parts of water and 5 parts of antifreeze reduce this to 22degC below zero. Alcohol is a good antifreeze, but when the car is running it becomes hot and the alcohol boils away, so it must be replaced very often. Most people use antifreezes that do not boil away when the engine is running. There are several chemicals that do this. One of the most popular is called ethylene glycol , which is sold under various trade names such as Preston and Zerex. The text is written _ . | [
"to help to sell antifreezes",
"to explain what antifreezes are",
"to compare ethylene glycol with alcohol",
"to tell how to choose the best antifreeze"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12829 | Visiting the forest zoo Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from Northeast of China. The beautiful birds from England are ready to sing songs for you, and the monkeys from Mount Emei will be happy to talk to you. The lovely dogs from Australia want to laugh at you. Sichuan pandas will play balls for you. The giraffes from Africa are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Opening time Grown-ups : 3 yuan 9:00 a.m.--4:00 p.m. (Monday--Saturday) Children over 1.4 m : 2 yuan except Friday (closed) Children under 1.4 m : Free 10:00 a.m. --3: 00 p.m. (Sunday) Keep the zoo clean! Do not touch , give food or go near to the animals. From the passage, we can infer that a giraffe must be a very _ animal. | [
"fat",
"short",
"strong",
"tall"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4617 | On an August afternoon last year, Pamela Rivers, 40, and her friend Rita Graham, 38, were stopped at a red light on Cobb's Creek Parkway in South Philadelphia when a white SUV traveling in the opposite direction turned across traffic in front of them. It then jumped the curb and rushed through a grassy expanse before plunging down an embankment toward Cobb's Creek. Pamela quickly pulled over, jumped out of her car, and dialed 911. Kenny Gibson, 23, and his friend Taron Green, 25, were driving home from a job when Rita flagged them down. Kenny stopped, and the men got out of the car and looked over the cliff. The SUV had landed upside down in five feet of water. A woman's leg could be seen swinging out the driver's side window. "I have a fear of water," Kenny said now. "I almost drowned when I was nine." Even so, he and Taron hurried down the 50-foot embankment into the muddy water. "I couldn't just leave her," he adds. The men waded out to the car and saw that the woman, Cheryl Allison, 61, was partially in water. Kenny tried unsuccessfully to open the door. Then he broke the window. But when he reached in to pull out Cheryl, he found she was trapped by the seat belt. "Run back to the truck and grab a box cutter ," Kenny yelled to Taron. Meanwhile, Kenny tried in vain to push the car onto its side to create an air pocket for Cheryl. That's when mechanic Marcell Porter approached the site. "I flipped into rescue mode," he said. When Taron returned, Kenny cut through the seat belt with the box cutter. He and Marcell tried to pull Cheryl out, but she wouldn't come out. Marcell broke the rear window with a rock, hoping to rescue her from the back. Then he saw that she was still strapped in by her shoulder belt. Marcell reached for the box cutter and cut the remaining strap in two. Kenny leaned in, grabbed Cheryl by the waist, and pulled her out feet first. Marcell grasped Cheryl's legs, and they managed to drag her lifeless body onto a rock. "Give her CPR!" Pamela yelled down to them. But the two men had no idea what to do. "Put your mouth on her mouth and breathe," she shouted to Marcell. And to Kenny, "Pump her chest!" "We tried three times," said Marcell. Finally, Cheryl brought up water and started moving her fingers. The men rolled her over onto her stomach to let out more water. Soon an ambulance arrived and transported Cheryl to the hospital, where doctors treated her. They never discovered what caused her to pass out, but she assumes it had something to do with the burning summer heat. Over the next few days, they took turns visiting Cheryl in the hospital, where they shared hugs and tears. "We couldn't believe she was all right," said Pamela. "It's just amazing that these people came together," said Cheryl. She stays in touch with her "angels" via frequent phone calls. "They are really beautiful people," she said. How many people took part in rescuing Cheryl before she was sent to the hospital? | [
"5.",
"4.",
"6.",
"7."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11234 | Rae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being-and it's no surprise to health care professionals. "Rest,relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for people's weLl-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities,such as exercise and meditation,but vacation is an important part of this as well," said primary care physician Natasha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. "We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing,so a rested,relaxed mind is able to help the body heal better," said Withers. Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. " The impact that taking a vacation has on one's mental health is great," said Francine Lederer,a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. " Most people have better life perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation,even if it is a 24- hour time-out. " The trips could be good for their health,good for their family and good for their .businesses. The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010,and according to their data the average American eamed 18 vacation days-but only used 14 0f them. France topped the list,with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans' responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued,but that's not always good for the individual,the family or the employer. Psychologists have also found that people who don't take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. "Without time and opportunity to do this,the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness become weaker,making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states," Mulhern said. According to Natasha Withers,vacations can _ . | [
"weaken reaction system",
"cure serious diseases",
"reduce the level of well-being",
"decrease the risk of heart disease"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9529 | How can you find out what is going on inside a person's body without opening the patient's body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs. What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient's body. Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed. A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear "photos" of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can "stop the action", giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient. Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don't cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays. CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives. We can infer from this passage that_. | [
"patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation",
"doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners",
"CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines",
"CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8051 | Scientists who discovered a new way of generating electricity from water say they may have come across an alternative source of clean energy to rival wind and solar power. The breakthrough, which scientists say is the first new way to generate electricity in 160 years, could lead to batteries that use water instead of poisonous substances. The scientists made the discovery when they were investigating what happens when tap water is forced through extremely narrow glass tubes. Water squeezed down the tubes, each of which was narrower than a tenth the thickness of a human hair, generating a small electric current that ran the length of the tube. To produce a larger electric current, the team tried forcing water through a glass water filter that contained thousands of narrow channels lined up side by side. "When we took a syringe of water and squeezed it through the filter, we got enough power to light a light bulb," said Larry Kostiuk of the University of Alberta in Canada. "The harder you push the syringe, the more electric current you get." The current is produced because of an effect in the glass tubes. When they are filled with water, positively charged ions fixed in the tubes are washed away, leaving a slight negative charge on the glass surface. When water is then forced along the tube, the surface _ negatively charged ions in the water while positively charged ions are attracted down the tube. The result is a net flow of positively charged ions that sets up an electric current. According to Dr Kostiuk, no one has ever thought to use water to produce electricity in this way. "The last time someone came up with a way of generating electricity was Michael Faraday in 1839," he said. "So this is the first new way of generating electricity in 160 years, which is why we are so excited about it." Dr Kostiuk says water batteries might one day be used to power mobile phones and calculators, but admitted that the engineering challenges might make other applications more realistic. "You'd need to be sure it wouldn't leak, and you'd need to make sure it wouldn't freeze," he said. More likely would be to install the electricity-generating devices where water is already being pumped, such as at city water filtration sites, he said. "It could compete with wind and solar power," he added. What can we infer about potential water batteries? | [
"They must be used to power mobile phones and calculators.",
"They have some possible disadvantages like water leaking.",
"They would be needed greatly at city water filtration sites.",
"They would be better than wind and solar power."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9489 | When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can notsee perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are. People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly. People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts . Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them. When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark. To see a small thing at night, it is better to look _ . | [
"with wide open eyes",
"with half shut or narrowed eyes",
"straight at it",
"in a slightly different direction"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9285 | The Basics of Math--Made Clear Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents , the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to "make sense" of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing--and completely understandable--field of study. By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as "the best math teacher in America," is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? | [
"Algebra.",
"College Mathematics.",
"Arithmetic.",
"Mathematics Education."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6540 | A window is more than just an opening that you can see through. It can affect the way a building looks,how much energy a building USES and even how you feel. Scientists are now working on ncw technologies to create"smart windows". Unlike normal windows,high-tech smart windows can change from clear to dark and back again with the touch of a button --or even automatically as the outside light changes. Smart windows have the power to make the world a cleaner and more comfortable place. Instead of turning on air conditioners ,people could simply _ the windows in a building's empty rooms. With the rooms less bright,they would stay cool,and people would save energy and money at the same time. That's why smart windows are so exciting. Says Claes Granqvist. He's a professor of physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. If you think that you don't care much about windows,you should think again,Granqvist says. Most people who live in developed countries spend about 90% of their time inside buildings and cars. You might spend even more time than that indoors during the winter if you live in a cold climate. Imagine then what it would be like if there were no windows. You'd have no idea what's going on outside. So,the light of the nature is important for improving the way people feel when they stay indoors. The development of smart windows could mean that a lot of air-conditioning systems may no longer be needed. "In the future," Granqvist says "our buildings may look different." Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? | [
"Windows Are Important",
"Buildings in the Future",
"A Kind of New Window--the Smart Window",
"The Magic of High-tech"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19569 | A radiator is something that can | [
"recycle water from the toilet",
"propel a rocket to the moon",
"keep a room comfortable",
"filter water from the tap"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15872 | Our village carpenter , John, came one day and made a dining table for my wife. He made it just the right size for the space between the two windows. When I got home that evening, John was drinking a cup of tea and writing out his bill for the job. My wife said to me quietly,"That's his ninth cup of tea today. "But she said, in a loud voice,"It's a beautiful table, dear, isn't it?" "I'll decide about that when I see the bill. "I said. John laughed and gave me his bill for the work. I read: One dining table 10 November, 1998 Cost of wood $17. 00 Paint $1. 50 Work, 8 hours ( $1 an hour ) $8. 00 Total $36. 50 When I was looking at the bill, John said, "It's been a nice day, hasn't it?Quite sunny. " "Yes. "I said. " I'm glad it's only the tenth of November. " "Me, too. "said John. "You wait -- it'll be a lot colder by the end of the month. " "Yes,colder -- and more expensive! A dining table will be $20 more expensive on November 30, won't it, John?" John looked hard at me for half a minute. Was there a little smile in his two blue eyes?I gave his bill back to him. "If there isn't too much trouble, John," I said,"please add it up again. You can forget the date..." I paid him $26. 50 and he was happy to get it. From the story we know that _ . | [
"John made a mistake in the bill",
"John tried to fool the writer in order to get more money for his work",
"John had written out the bill before the writer got home",
"John still wanted to get $36.50 for his work in the end"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15881 | We live in the computer age. People use computers to do much of their work, such as playing games, listening to music, shopping and so on. But few people know how to take care of them. Please remember the following when you use your computer: 1.Keep your computer in a dry cool room. Too much heat is bad for computers. 2. Do not smoke near your computer. Smoking is also bad for them. 3. Do not drink or eat near computers. A little water and pieces of food in the keyboard are also bad for a computer. 4. Keep your screen clean and do not have it too bright. They are bad for your eyes. Make sure the screen is not too far or too near your eyes when you use a computer. What can people do with computers? | [
"playing games.",
"listening to music.",
"shopping.",
"all of them above."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6067 | Dave needed to prepare for Saturday's fishing trip. He went into his hall closet, where he had more than 20 rods and reels. Nowadays he went fishing twice a year at Big Bear, a huge lake in southern prefix = st1 /Californiaabout 7,000 feet up in the mountains. California tries to improve the fishing industry by sponsoring a Free Fishing Day twice a ear, once in June and once in September. That's enough for Dave. He went mostly because it was a social event with a few friends, not so much to catch fish. Even driving up a twisty two-lane road was worth the trip. Let alone the big, beautiful houses and trees that lined the shore of the lake. Preparing was a project in itself. Dace had even created a computer file named Fishing Trip. It was a checklist of 45 things to take to Big Bear. He took two rods, because on Free Fishing Day you were allowed to fish with two rods instead of the usual one rod. He took a sweatshirt, jeans, two pairs of socks, a heavy hooded jacket, winter gloves, and a scarf. He also took flip-flops, shorts, a T-shirt, sunglasses, a big hat, and lightweight raincoat. If you go to Big Bear in June, you'd better be prepared for hot or cold, rain or shine. He prepared a couple of magazines to read just in case the fish weren't biting. He and his friends joked that the fish were always biting- in the spot you just left or the spot you were headed for. After about an hour and a half; Dave had gathered all the items on his list into a neat pile next to his door. He went to bed knowing that tomorrow's weather and fishing were unpredictable, but the good time with his friends was a given. Why had Dave created a computer file named Fishing Trip? | [
"Because he was afraid he would forget the things needed",
"Because he would have so much fish to catch.",
"Because the good time with his friends was uncertain.",
"Because he wanted to buy some magazines on fishing."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13737 | Dear Amy, I couldn't read your two e-mails until today because my computer was broken. I'm so sorry to hear about your problem, but I'm glad you're feeling better and are recovering . I'm surprised that in China someone's liver matched yours! This is really a moving story--a stranger donated part of his liver to _ he doesn't even know! You're right. We shouldn't care too much about our weight. I'm happy you stopped taking medicine to lose weight. From your photo I can see you are now looking very well in the hospital. To keep slim is important, especially for an actress, but nothing is more important than health. Your doctor's advice is really very good--exercise for at least half an hour every day and eat lots of fruit and vegetables. It's not only in your country. It's the same here with us Chinese--many people are always taking medicine to lose weight. That is often dangerous. But in fact, some of them are not overweight at all. I hope these people can learn something from your story. Hope you will leave hospital as soon as possible. Love xxx Which of the following is NOT true? | [
"Amy has probably just received an operation on liver.",
"Amy is now probably in hospital recovering.",
"A Chinese man donated part of his liver to Amy",
"Amy is now still taking medicine to lose weight."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1643 | Kerry was playing with his toy airplane in the backyard after school one day when he saw something moving in the corner of the yard. He put down his toy and went over to look. He found a small frog, about two inches cross, jumping across the grass. Carefully, Kerry followed the frog as it jumped across the grass. He didn't know where the frog had come from or where it was going, but he knew that frogs needed water. He wanted to help the frog. He ran inside and got a plastic pail that he used to use at the beach for sand. He filled it up with water and brought it to the backyard. It took him some time to find the frog again. It seemed to be moving slower than it had before. He waited for it to pause, then scooped it up with his bare hands and dropped it into the water. He watched the frog swim around for a bit, and then carried the pail around to the front of the house. It was a short way to a nearby creek running through his neighborhood. Kerry walked slowly, trying not to spill the water. The pail seemed to grow heavier and heavier as he walked. Finally, he reached the creek. He set the pail down next to the water and tipped it over until the frog was swimming in the stream. What did Kerry normally use the pail to carry? | [
"grass",
"water",
"frogs",
"sand"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4818 | Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves. Some birds like eating locusts. but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night. If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of colouring is protecting themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the tree. Have you ever noticed an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn't strong at all. Bears and lions can keep safe because they _ . | [
"have the colours much like the trees",
"move quickly",
"like brown and grey colours",
"live in forests"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20081 | Soil contains | [
"the highest portion of the ozone layer",
"the rotten idea of a decaying democracy",
"waves of salt-water moving back and forth",
"chemical substances found in every living thing"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2816 | UGG boots have been a winterweather fashion for several years now, combining function, comfort, warmth and even some style. What many UGGenthusiasts don't know is that their boots are a breeding ground for bacteria and cause foot problems. Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees. Dr. Ian Drysdale, head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine, believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside, it will lead to more ankle, knee, hip and back problems. "These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn't mean it's good or right," he said. "The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It's a slipper. You wouldn't normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that's indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all the time, someone will come up and say it's not a good idea." Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls, whose bones are "plastic" and developing when they are growing. "If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way," he said,"then the ultimate structure will be _ ." Mike O'Neill, a consultant surgeon, said,"As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear on the joints on the inside of the foot. The ankle is in the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems." UGG Australia, who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Wirror that their boots are "comfort" rather than "performance" footwear and consumers should be aware of "knockoffs " which lack reinforced heels in their boots. According to Dr. Ian Drysdale, _ . | [
"there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots",
"wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems",
"it's not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time",
"teenage girls' bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7076 | An endangered deer with vampire-like fangs was spotted for the first time in nearly 60 years, in a remote forest in northeastern Afghanistan. The fanged creature is known as the Kashmir musk deer, and it is native to the Himalayas of northern India, Pakistan's Kashmir region and northern Afghanistan. Only the male deer have fangs, and they use them during mating season to compete for females. A team of researchers scoured Afghanistan's Nuristan province during 2008 and 2009, and recorded five sightings of the animal. This was the first time the species had been spotted since 1948. During the survey, the researchers spotted a single male Kashmir musk deer near the same area three separate times. The researchers also recorded one female and her baby, and saw a second single female that they think may have been the same deer, without her baby. These musk deer are classified as an endangered species on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. Musk-deer meat is a local delicacy, but the species is mostly hunted for its scent glands that are more valuable by weight than gold -- some believe the glands have pharmaceutical properties, and they sell for nearly $20,455 per pound ($45,000 per kilogram) on the black market, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Three decades of war have ravaged Nuristan province, and the continued violence and political instability make the black-market trade of scent glands uncontrollable. Furthermore, the species is quickly losing suitable habitat. All of the musk deer were spotted on sheltered rocky outcrops around 9,843 feet (3,000 meters) high. In the summer, they regularly trek along steep slopes that make them almost impossible to approach and keep them ly safe from hunters. However, heavy snowfall in the winter drives the species farther down, to more human-accessible slopes, and hunters come from all over the country to stalk the deer for their valuable scent glands. Due to violence and unrest, nongovernmental organizations like the Wildlife Conservation Society have not been able to operate in the Nuristan province since 2010. The WCS maintains contact with locals they have trained to survey and search for the musk deer. Once the situation in Nuristan improves, the WCS intends to return to the area to continue research and to formulate a conservation plan. Which factor does not contribute to the uncontrollable trade in the black market? | [
"Government control.",
"Continued violence.",
"Political instability.",
"Years of war."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3713 | In many countries, heart disease kills a lot of women and even more men. There are four major causes of this disease and these are smoking, poor or bad diet, a family history of heart disease and stressful work. Among these main wrong-doers, the most common cause is stress. What is stress and how do you feel when you are under stress? Imagine you live alone - you are lying in bed at night and, suddenly, you hear someone in the kitchen. Immediately your heart begins to beat very fast and you feel that you can hardly breathe. What you are feeling is not stress, but fear. However, your body changes in the same way when you feel stress. That means that if you feel anxious and worried during an important examination, your heart may beat very fast and you may feel breathless too. You are experiencing stress. Another common situation in which a person is likely to feel stress is to have to do something, for example, performing a boring duty, every day. Let us look at the case of Annie who was a nurse. She felt a lot of stress in her work and began to have very bad headaches at the end of the day. Each morning she woke up more tired than she was when she went to sleep. She did not want to go out in the evening with her friends and she felt unhappy all the time. Finally, she sat down and thought about her life. She saw a lot of illness and death in her work but that was not the reason why she was under stress. The real reason was that she felt unable to make a positive decision in her job - she had to do what the doctors and sisters told her. So, Annie went back to college for further study. When she graduated, she found a job where she was part of a team as before, but where she had responsibility in making decisions. Her working hours were longer and her work more difficult than when she was a nurse but she enjoyed it. She felt she was in control of her life and her work. For Annie, stress in her old job had made her change her life and end a difficult situation. Stress in her new job became a good thing because it helped her achieve satisfaction in her life and in her work. What is one major difference between Annie's new job and her old one? | [
"It included team work.",
"It demands higher qualifications.",
"It ensures satisfaction. Wwm",
"It involves decision-making."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3255 | What do you do when you need to look something up? Go to the library? Open an encyclopedia ? Click onto the Internet? These days, most people go straight to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia. But how reliable is it? There is no denying the popularity and usefulness of Wikipedia. It attracts as many as 78 million visitors every month, and the site is available in more than 270 different languages. It's one of the most comprehensive resources available, which includes almost all details, facts and information that maybe concerned. It's got much more information than an ordinary encyclopedia. The site is updated on a daily basis by thousands of people around the world. Anyone with an Internet connection can log on and edit the contents or add a new page. And you don't need any formal training. Of course, there are some controls. Wikipedia has a team of more than 1,500 administrators who check for false information. And main targets for harmful comments(such as politicians) are _ to public editing. But with more than 16 million articles to keep an eye on, it isn't easy. So, while Wikipedia benefits from being constantly updated with information from all over the world, it's also open to "vandals" . Some of the damage is easy to notice. One person drew devil horns and a moustache on Microsoft chairman Bill Gates' photo, while another edited Greek philosopher Plato's biography to say he was a "Hawaiian weather man who is wildly believed to have been a student of'Barney the purple Dinosaur' and to have been deeply influenced by his dog, Cutie". But other things are harder to spot. The most common form of vandalism involves adding tiny items of false information into the biography of a famous person. Unbelievably, some of this misinformation has appeared in newspapers, with The Daily Mail, The Guardian and The Independent all having fallen victim to the dirty tricks. For example, in an article about British comedian Sir Norman Wisdom, one newspaper claimed that he co-wrote Dame Vera Lynn's wartime hit There'll be bluebirds over the White Cliffs of Dover. He did no such thing. And in another article, it was reported that TV Theme tune composer Ronnie Hazlehurst had written the S Club 7's hit Reach. Once again, not true. So, if you are going to use any information from Wikipedia, make sure you double-check it first. We can learn from the passage that _ . | [
"because of its popularity, 78 million people from 270 countries visit Wikipedia monthly",
"Wikipedia is the most comprehensive resource with all information we need",
"anyone who has access to the Internet can edit any contents of Wikipedia as they like",
"the primary job of the administrator is to make sure... | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16660 | I began to send e-mails when I was 17. I discovered Google 5 years later. Now, I use the internet all the time. The Internet has become so popular that 90 percent of 12-to-17-year-olds in the United States use the internet, and about half of these kids use it every day. They visit chat rooms and send e-mails. They go to websites to get information for their homework. "Kids are now living in a virtual world," says Greenfield, an expert at University of California, "As the Internet is becoming more and more important for our life, we should worry about one question: Is the Internet good or bad for kids? " "It's ***to answer the question because the Internet involves so many things," says Justine, who is from Northwestern University. "They include online computer games, news, messages and even e-mails to your grandmother." So more and more people believe that the online world can be helpful in some ways but dangerous in others. "Although it's not easy to tell whether it's good or bad,"says Justine, "the Internet, at least, is very useful and can be used widely by everyone in the world. in the passage should be the word " _ ". | [
"difficult",
"possible",
"easy",
"Good"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_19125 | As a result of decreased water, what will happen to tree rings? | [
"Lose shape",
"Become narrow",
"Become wider",
"Disappear Completely"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11182 | If you want to keep healthy, you should have good habits. What is a habit? It is something we do very often. We don't even think when we do it. It has become a part of our lives. "Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." This is an old English saying. Do you know what it means? It means that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy, rich and clever. Is this true? Perhaps it is. We know the body must have enough sleep. Boys and girls need eight or nine hours' sleep every day. Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is a very bad habit. Then you will not think or do your work well. Of course, you can't be healthy, wealthy or wise. When we get up early in the morning, we can go out and do morning exercises. Exercise means doing things with the body. Walking, running jumping, swimming, and playing ball games are all exercise. If we don't exercise, our body will become weak. Exercise helps the blood to move around inside our body. Blood takes food to all parts of our body. Our body also needs air to breathe. Without air, we will die. We must have lots of clean fresh air if we want to be healthy. That is why many people like to go out to do morning exercise. Which of the following habits is NOT GOOD? | [
"Don't go to bed until twelve o'clock..",
"Take a walk after supper.",
"Run in the open air early in the morning.",
"Climb hills for half an hour early in the morning."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16741 | A woman is having some trouble with her eyes, so she goes to see the doctor. He is a new doctor and doesn't know her, so he asks some questions and one of them is, "How old are you?"The woman says, "I don't know, doctor, but let me think about it." She thinks for a minute and then says, "Yes, I know now, Doctor!When I marry , I am eighteen years old, and my husband is thirty. Now my husband is sixty. And that is twice thirty. So I am twice eighteen. That's thirty-six, isn't it?" The woman can't remember _ age. | [
"thedoctor's",
"her husband's",
"her",
"her son's"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6940 | Driving speeds have largely stabilized, and nowadays, safety concerns are important and reducing road accidents to minimum is a must. So, automakers are focused on safety systems more than ever before. Given the emphasis on improving safety, it's possible that well-known phrases such as "live fast and die young" may lose their meaning as innovative new devices are built into cars and trucks and other things that go. Many of the new safety systems that are being added to high-end vehicles are computer-assisted technologies that transfer some of the vehicle's operations to the vehicle itself, rather than relying only on the driver's decision-making skills. For example, predictive brake assist is an in-vehicle feature that prepares the vehicle for braking when its built-in sensors detect a potential object ahead. The predictive brake assist basically places the vehicle's braking system on alert, which helps the system to slow down the car in as little time and as short a distance as possible. Other in-vehicle sensors will detect moving and still objects and will even distinguish the objects based on simple patterns, such as other vehicles vs. a person. What's more, built-in "active systems", i.e., predictive precollision systems, will provide drivers with advance detection of potential contact between vehicles. These systems compute the movement of the objects and detect possible dangerous intersections . What technological developments have enabled innovations like predictive precollision systems? Essentially, these so-called active systems are the result of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. These communication links allow highways to provide a vehicle's owners with services such as renting a movie during the trip, as well as reduce reaction delays when medical care is needed due to a crash. Despite these new technologies, drivers cannot take safety for granted. Until all vehicles are fully automated, it is the drivers themselves who are responsible for operating their vehicles and obeying traffic laws designed to keep roadways secure. So, keep your eyes on the road and your hands on the steering wheel . We can conclude that the new technology will _ . | [
"put an end to road accidents",
"force people to obey traffic laws",
"see a wide use in the future",
"ensure the quality of medical care"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8556 | Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice. While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain. The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson , from the Ohio State University, the USA, has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases. In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice. Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter , or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs. The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas. After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety. The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas. The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to _ . | [
"normal organs",
"lungs and heart",
"mental health",
"blood pressure"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_153 | Which of the following is a cause of the ocean levels periodically rising and then falling? | [
"the slight tilt of the Moon",
"the force of gravity from the Moon",
"the convection within Earth's mantle",
"the revolution of Earth around the Sun"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16256 | Hi, boys and girls! A new Mama store is in No. 1 Middle School now. Come and see at our great sale! We have bread for 3 yuan. Xiangpiaopiao milk tea is on sale for 2 yuan. Vegetable hamburgers are only 3 yuan. Do you need notebooks? They are only 6 yuan for three. We also have pens in all colors, only 1 yuan each . Some students want to buy socks. We have black socks for only 10 yuan for 3 pairs. For girls, we have socks in pink and purple, they are very nice. Come and buy your things at our great sale. Mary wants to buy a notebook and a pen, she pays _ . | [
"6 yuan.",
"2 yuan.",
"3 yuan.",
"4 yuan."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9533 | Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. In one second, light travels about 300,000km, but sound travels only 344m. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race. If you stand some distance away from the starter, you can see smoke come from his gun before the sound reaches your ears. This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light which you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million km per minute. In some cases the light from one of tonight's stars started on its journey to you before you were born. Thus, if we want to be honest, we cannot say " The stars are shining tonight." We have to say, " The stars look pretty. They were shining four years ago but their light has only just reached Earth." What does " it" refer to? | [
"moon light",
"light rays",
"the nearest star",
"the moon"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6517 | Do you know mulch? Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil. It is usually made out of organic material, like crop waste. Farmers may keep the remains of corn or other crops on top of the soil. This creates mulch on the soil surface. The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage. Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants. It also helps keep the soil from getting dry, and reduces the need for watering plants. It also limits temperature changes in the soil. And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds, from growing. Organic mulch improves the condition of soil. As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard. This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil. It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants. It also provides good environment for earthworms and other helpful living things in the soil. It is easy to find organic mulch materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from news- papers works well in controlling weeds. The best time to add mulch depends on your goal. Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air. This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer. In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil. The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter. Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem. The animals will probably find another place to live. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _ . | [
"tree barks",
"plastic",
"grass cuttings",
"cut-up leaves"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3262 | Many people have been talking about the way in which the world will come to an end in 2012. Everybody wants to find out if December 21, 2012 is the last day of the earth. The rumor has already been spreading for a very long time. The Mayan's predictions can account for the rumor. According to the rumor, the earth will experience dramatic changes in 2012 and the changes will be disastrous to all of the living creatures on earth .It is widely assumed that a Planet X will return to orbit the solar system. The return of Planet of Planet X will have a destructive effect on the solar system as well as on some planets including the Neptune , the Jupiter and the earth. Planet X will cross into their orbits. There's a possibility that Jupiter will change into a little sun at this time, so folks will be well placed to see two suns in the sky in 2012. The solar flares that occur in a l1-year cycle will reach their highest point in 2012. The powerful solar flares will affect the magnetic field of the earth and cause disasters. On December 21,2012,the sun and the earth will line up in the same line at the equator . The winter solstice only occurs once every 25,800 years.The events in the universe are signals that the world will come to an end.As a result of the solar flares, lots of disasters will happen that will destroy the face of the whole earth.Scientists are making the guess primarily based on the Mayan Long Court Calendar. Many films have been made about the end of the world including End Game by Alex Jones and End Clock:Nostradamus 2012.The former provides insights about the way the world will become one state.After the world government is in place,it's going to be easy to _ 80%of the people in the world.The rest will continue to live with assistance from advanced technology. No one knows whether the world will end on December 21,2012,There is no clear answer until the day arrives.Just as the Mayans claims,it will not be the time for the world to end.Instead.it will be the dawn of a flesh start. Which of the following statements is true? | [
"In the film End Clock:Nostradamus 2012.the world will be ruled by one government.",
"According to the text, the rumor of 2012 was from the Mayan's predictions.",
"People in 2012 may see two suns, of which one is Neptune of nowadays.",
"In 2012.Planet X will break in the orbit of solar system for the first ti... | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_11016 | Dear Mom and Dad, I'm afraid I have some very bad news for you. I have been very naughty and the school master is very angry with me. She is going to write to you. You must come and take me away from here. She does not want me in the school any longer. The trouble started last night when I was smoking a cigarette in bed. As I was smoking, I heard footsteps coming towards the room .I did not want a teacher to catch me smoking, so I threw the cigarette away. Unfortunately, the cigarette fell into the waste--paper basket. It caught fire. There was a curtain near the waste --paper basket. It caught fire too. Soon the whole room was burning. The master phoned the fire brigade . The school is a long way from the town and before the fire brigade arrived, the whole school was on fire. The master said that the fire was all my fault and I must pay for the damage. She will send you a bill for about a million dollars. I'm very sorry for this. Much love Sarah Why did Sarah write to his parents? | [
"He missed them very much for they hadn't seen each other for a long time.",
"He thought he was old enough to help them do something.",
"He was tired of studying, and wanted to leave school.",
"He told his parents what he had done in school."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15856 | Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other _ in space. Years ago, they knew many facts about the moon. They knew how big it was and how far away it was from the earth. But they wanted to know more about it .They thought and thought. At last they found the only way to know more was to send men to the moon. The moon is about three hundred and eighty-four thousand kilometers away from the earth. A plane can not fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers. Then there is no air. But something can fly even when there is no air. That is a rocket. How does a rocket fly? There is gas in the rocket. When the gas is made very hot inside the rocket, it will rush out of the end of the rocket, so it can make the rocket fly up into the sky. Rockets can fly far out into space. Rockets with men in them have already reached the moon. Some rockets without men in them have flown to other planets much farther away than the moon. One day rockets may be able to go to any place. ,A, B, C, D,. Rockets without men in them have reached _ . | [
"another star",
"the sun",
"the moon",
"other planets of the sun"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15004 | A priest had a cat that climbed up a tree in his backyard and then was afraid to come down. The tree was not strong enough to climb, so the priest decided that if he tied a rope to his car and drove away so that the tree bent down, he could then reach up and get the kitty. He did so, checking his progress in the car again and again, then work out if he went just a little bit further, the tree would be bent enough for him to reach the kitty. But as he moved a little further forward, the rope broke. The tree went "boing!" and the kitty at once sailed through the air -- out of sight. The priest felt terrible. He walked all over the neighborhood asking people if they'd seen his kitty. Nobody had seen a lost kitty. So, he prayed, " _ " and went on about his business. Several days later he was at the grocery store, meeting one of his church members. He happened to look into her shopping cart and was amazed to see cat food. Before this woman was a cat hater and everyone knew it, so he asked her, "Why are you buying cat food when you hate cats so much?" She replied, "You won't believe this," and told him how her little girl had been begging her for a cat, but she kept refusing. Then a few days before, the child begged again, so the Mom finally told her little girl, "Well, if _ , you can keep it." She told the priest, "I watched my child go out in the yard, get on her knees, and ask God for a cat. You won't believe this, but I saw it with my own eyes. A cat suddenly came flying out of the blue sky, with its paws spread out, and landed right in front of her. " The priest drove his car to bend the tree in order to _ . | [
"get his kitty down from the tree",
"persuade his kitty to come down",
"feed the kitty",
"see if the rope was strong enough"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12182 | When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often: It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are. People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly. People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book if they don't hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too. Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts . Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them. When night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you. It seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they cannot see it anymore, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark, According to the passage, a _ is more likely to be nearsighted. | [
"guard",
"doctor",
"writer",
"painter"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1892 | Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes | [
"the seasons to change.",
"the Moon to appear as different shapes.",
"day and night.",
"solar eclipses."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17537 | A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results? | [
"for more accurate results",
"for more student participation",
"to help simplify the procedure",
"to help explain the hypothesis"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_7486 | Smaller than your fist, your healthy heart just goes on and on. It will beat more than 60 times a minute for 70 years or more. That's something that most of us take for granted. But it's an amazing fact. 60 times a minute for 60 minutes is 3,600 times. What physical thing can most of us do 3,600 times in one hour? Blink? Maybe. Tap our fingers on the desk? No. Jump up and down? Certainly not! But our heart keeps beating, hour after hour. Every day, it pumps almost 2,000 gallons of blood through our blood vessels . It takes you about five years to drink 2,000 gallons of water. And, unlike your knees or your back, your heart does all this work without ever complaining ! You never know that it's even there. Your heart is such a reliable "silent partner" that people forget to care for it. For many, the first indication that their heart isn't working properly is a serious heart illness! Over 650,000 Americans die of some kind of heart disease every year. Cancer kills 560,000, stroke kills 143,000, and accidents kill 118,000 Americans annually. Like accidental deaths, many heart disease-related deaths can be avoided if people simply follow the advice of the experts. Unfortunately, most people seem to listen to a little voice in their head that says, "It won't happen to me. " So these people keep on smoking and drinking. They continue to eat too much meat. And their only "exercise" is getting off the sofa to get something out of the fridge. Please follow the following steps to keep your heart healthy. What do we know about our healthy hearts? | [
"our healthy hearts work with many complains as our knees.",
"our healthy hearts can pump 3,600 gallons of blood everyday.",
"our healthy hearts are smaller than our fists.",
"our healthy hearts can beat 60 times in one hour."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9551 | Antidepressant drugs such as Prozac were viewed in the early 1900's as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. But in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. And now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients' depression worse. This alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin . Drugs such as Prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors(or SSRIs). Their aim is to increase the level of this "feel-good" chemical in the brain. But the new research, published in the journal Frontiers In Evolutionary Psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical Swiss Army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. And when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. These can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the study's lead researcher Paul Andrews. " We need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs," says Andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. Previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. Famous psychologist Irving Kirsch has found that for many patients, SSRIs are no more effective than a placebo pill. A research in 2010 on Danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used SSRIs in early pregnancy. The key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says Andrews. Serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of SSRI drugs. He argues that SSRI antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before. "After long use, when a patient stops taking SSRIs, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production," he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. These changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years. Most disturbingly of all, Andrews' review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. One study, published in the British Medical Journal last year, found patients given SSRIs were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs. "Serotonin is an ancient chemical," says Andrews. "It is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm." Stafford Lightman, professor of medicine at the University of Bristol, and a leading UK expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says Andrews' review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. "This report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do," he says. "Drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. Nevertheless, Andrews' study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. " Professor Lightman adds that there is still a great deal we don't know about SSRIs-not least what they actually do in our brains. When it comes to understanding why the drugs work only for a limited part of patients, U.S. scientists think they might now have the answer. They think that in many depressed patients, it's not only the lack of feel-good serotonin causing their depression, but also a failure in the area of the brain that produces new cells throughout our lives. This area, the hippocampus, is also responsible for regulating mood and memory. Research suggests that in patients whose hippocampus has lost the ability to produce new cells, SSRIs do not bring any benefit. Which of the following is TRUE about SSRIs? | [
"They are used to increase the \"feel-good\" medical in the brain.",
"They can work even when the hippocampus can't produce new cells.",
"They create a risk of heart problems in pregnant women.",
"They are responsible for controlling mood and memory."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15764 | Dear Grandma, How are you? I hope you are feeling well and your leg is improving. Can you walk a bit now? Is your neighbour, Mrs Lu, bringing you enough books to read? I hope so. You'd love our school library, Grandma. There are so many books on all kinds of subjects. The other day I found a book about engineering. I couldn't really understand it but I hope to learn more about this topic sometime. This term I have three new subject classes, so I think I'll tell you about them. I study biology. It is a very interesting subject. I'm learning all about the human body, where everything is and what it does. Did you know that we have a kissing muscle? It's called 'orbicularis' and it's a circle muscle that closes your mouth and moves your lips forward. I love biology. It's so interesting! Another new subject is religion . I didn't think I would like this one, but actually it is very interesting to hear how different people worship . We are learning about lots of religions from all over the world, not only Asia. My other new subject is Spanish. It's really difficult to learn a new language but I know it will be useful for me in the future, if I want to travel around the world. Spanish is one of the official languages of the European Union and the United Nations. I've learnt that Spanish is not only spoken in Europe but in South America too. Countries like Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico also speak Spanish. You know I've always wanted to go to Mexico, so if I can speak Spanish it would be really useful. Did you study these subjects when you were at school? I suppose subject choice changes over time, doesn't it? I'll come to visit you again in the next holiday, which I think is in eight weeks' time. I'll bring you some of my new books if you like. I hope you can write back soon and tell me all the village news. I miss you very much. Lots of love, Sara Which of the following is Not True according to the passage? | [
"Sara knows little about engineering.",
"Sara thinks Spanish is useful but not easy to learn.",
"Grandma probably doesn't like reading books very much.",
"The subjects Sara learns are different from the ones her grandma did."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20952 | Which of the following would best describe why a lizard would live in a desert? | [
"it can eat bugs and withstand very cold weather",
"it can eat fish and withstand very cold weather",
"it can eat bugs and withstand very hot weather",
"it can eat fish and withstand very cold weather"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12359 | Mr. Read has a large farm near a hill. He and his wife are busy all the day. They're often tired but they have a lot of expensive things and they live a happy life. One day their sows had twenty baby pigs. Mrs. Read had to look after them at home. And at that time she had much housework to do. Several weeks later she let the baby pigs come out of the pigsty and look for some food themselves. Her seven-year-old son John came back from school. He was ready to help his mother. The woman was happy and told him to count them and see if they were all there. The boy threw his schoolbag on the table and ran out. About half an hour later the supper was ready, but the boy didn't come back. The woman had to go to see what was wrong with her son. and she saw her son running after a baby pig. "What are you running after it for?" she asked. "Are they all right?" "I counted nineteen, mummy, " said the boy. "But only the fellow is running about so fast that I can't count it all ! " John found _ so he was ready to help her. | [
"his mother was very busy",
"his mother was too tired to work",
"his mother was ill",
"his mother was hungry"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17622 | What kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular, have no chlorophyll, and absorb nutrients from decaying tissue? | [
"Fungi",
"Plantae",
"Protista",
"Animalia"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_9412 | To help the environment, many Americans have made the change from paper and plastic bags to reusable grocery bags. But a report by a Florida newspaper says that reusable grocery bags sold by some supermarkets contain high levels of lead . Lead is a metal that can be harmful to humans, especially young children. Now, Senator Charles Schumer is asking the US government to investigate the use of lead in reusable shopping bags. "When our families go to the grocery store looking for safe and healthy foods to feed their kids, the last thing they should have to worry about is poisonous bags." Schumer said, "A quick investigation will allow everyone to make informed, timely decisions." Schumer added. Lead in the bags is not likely to rub off on food. But over time, paint on the bags can chip and the bags can wear out. When this happens, lead can be released . The Tampa Tribune newspaper said certain bags sold at Publix and Winn-Dixie supermarkets had lead levels that were a concern to health officials. The affected bags were found in Florida. But Publix has more than 1,000 stores in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Sough Carolina and Tennessee. Publix says that all of its bags are under current laws about lead content, but that they have asked the makers of the bags to reduce the lead levels in the product. The bags with the highest levels of lead had fancy designs and many pictures. Plain reusable bags without decoration were found to contain little lead. Consumers worried about lead levels in reusable bags can change to cloth or string bags. Paper bags are also a good choice, since paper can be recycled . Since 2007, Publix supermarkets have sold more than 13 million reusable bags. The store says because shoppers have made the change to reusable bags, it has saved more than 1 billion paper and plastics bags. Customers are advised to choose bags _ . | [
"with colorful designs",
"with fancy pictures",
"made of plastic",
"made of paper"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_5810 | Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light". The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain . So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs , then is obscured , and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness. Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome. A suitable title for this passage would be _ . | [
"nature's cure for snow-blindness",
"snow-blindness and how to overcome it",
"soldiers marching in the snow",
"snow vision and its effect on eyesight"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_17444 | Which is an example of a chemical reaction? | [
"nails rusting",
"glass melting",
"sugar dissolving",
"alcohol vaporizing"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18163 | What is the best way for a marine scientist to determine the eating habits of sharks? | [
"Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one day.",
"Tag one shark and monitor its eating habits for one year.",
"Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one day.",
"Tag several sharks and monitor their eating habits for one year."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_4257 | It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia outweigh any financial considerations. Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee's is one of them. The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities. Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. "Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project." What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career? | [
"Flexible work hours.",
"Her research interests.",
"Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.",
"Prospects of academic accomplishments."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14509 | Without flowers, many plants would not be able to reproduce and many insects would not be able to get enough food to live. Here are some interesting facts about flowers plants. * Most plants grow flowers each year, but some take much longer. The century plant grows only one flower and then it dies! Even more amazing is a plant from South America called Puya raimondii. It doesn't grow a flower until it is 150 years old, and after that it dies, too. * The smallest flowering plant in the world is thought to be the common watermeal . Its leaves are only 1mm across! * Bamboo has amazing flowering habits. There are many different kinds of bamboo in the world. And they have different flowering habits. A few flower each year, but most wait much longer. What is amazing is that all bamboo of the same kind will flower almost at the same time, where it is 6 growing! Nobody knows why. * The white flower of the Amazon water lily is the size of a football, and the flower turns purple after it has been pollinated . * The Caucasian lime can grow in Britain. Its flowers are _ to bees. If they touch the flowers, they will die. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? | [
"Many insects get their food from flowers.",
"After growing a flower, the century plant will grow better.",
"The common watermeal has the smallest leaves in the world.",
"Bees will die if they touch the leaves of the Caucasian lime."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8222 | The Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine, physics and chemistry are the most respected prizes in science. But talk to scientists in private, and many will complain why (besides jealousy, perhaps) are some scientists unhappy with the Nobels? One reason is that the committees can often be slow to recognize achievement. Alfred Nobel specified in his will that the prizes should reward work done in the previous year. But experience soon showed that this was risky, as medals were given out for discoveries that later proved questionable. So a degree of caution is probably advisable. Sometimes, though, it can lead to strange results. Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, for instance, had to wait until 1983 to win a prize for work he had done in the 1930s on the structure of stars. However, Albert Einstein never won a prize for his theory of relativity. Even though some pretty suggestive evidence had been produced by Arthur Eddington in 1919, relativity, which has later passed every experimental test ever thrown at it, was still considered somewhat risky and obscure. Another criticism concerns the tradition that no more than three people can share a prize. Science is rarely this clear-cut. Take this year's physics prize, which recognised Peter Higgs for predicting the existence of the mass-bestowing particle that now bears his name. Dr Higgs was only one of several people with a claim. Two other teams---- Rober Brout and Francois Englert, as well as Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hageh and Tom Kibble----- submitted papers on the same idea to the same journal that published Dr Higgs's work, all within a few months of each other. Science often works like this, with different people coming up with similar ideas at similar times. In the event, the committee decided to honour Dr Engler (Brout is dead, therefore unqualified), whose paper was earlier than Dr Higgs's but did not explicitly predict a particle, over Dr Guralnik and his collaborators, who were more comprehensive but published a few weeks later. Who was it that received the Nobel Prize for physics this year? | [
"Carl Hageh and Tom Kibble",
"Gerald Guralnik, Carl Hageh",
"Peter Higgs and Francois Englert",
"Rober Brout and Francois Englert"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1156 | Which of the following questions is testable in a scientific investigation? | [
"Are dogs better pets than cats?.",
"Are dogs happy when they are walked?.",
"Are cats more active at night than during the day?.",
"Are cats easier to take care of than dogs?."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_228 | Cells that conduct messages are known as | [
"skin cells",
"nerve cells",
"blood cells",
"kidney cells"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1753 | Zebras cannot clap. However, one weekend a magic clown wiggled his nose and said a few magical words and a zebra could clap. This zebra lived in a zoo with many other zebras. This zebra's name was John, John the Zebra. John was so excited that he could clap. He tried to clap as much as he could. He had trouble understanding when and what to clap. He would clap at things that were sad and things that were happy. He clapped when he was excited and when he was scared. He even clapped that he could clap. After a couple of weeks, his friend Sam was getting annoyed with John. He said "John, I know you like clapping but I am beginning to be annoyed by your clapping." John said he was sorry, but that Sam did not understand how special it was to be the first Zebra that could clap. A few more weeks went by and the same Magical clown came by John's zoo. He looked at John, who was clapping his heart out, and wiggled his nose and said some different magical words. Suddenly, John could not clap any more. And that month was first and only time a zebra could clap. When did John clap? | [
"All the time",
"When he was Happy",
"When he scared",
"When he was sad"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_1649 | Terry is a normal human boy who enjoys football and playing with his toys. What makes him different is that he really enjoys talking to his magical reindeer Max. One day, Terry is walking around town with Max, and as they pass by the nearby farm, the farmer who owns the land calls out to them - "Hey! You, over there!" They quickly turn around, not sure if they are the ones being called to, but seeing no one nearby, they walk over to the farmer. "What do you need, sir?" Terry asks. "I need help with the plants; they're growing faster than normal. Can you help with the potato plants?" the farmer asks. "Sure! Let's help out, Max!" Terry happily answers. They end up spending the rest of the day helping, and are paid well, both in potatoes, carrots and money, for their work. "That was fun!" Terry says to Max, as they head home. Max simple nods back, as they hurry back to their home. What is Max? | [
"Farmer",
"Human",
"Plant",
"Reindeer"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2190 | Which of the following questions is testable in a scientific investigation? | [
"Are dogs better pets than cats?.",
"Are dogs happy when they are walked?.",
"Are cats more active at night than during the day?.",
"Are cats easier to take care of than dogs?."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21815 | A monkey births live what? | [
"hares",
"younglings",
"rats",
"dogs"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15531 | Judie is a good student. She usually gets up at half past six in the morning. She does morning exercises for half an hour. Then she reads English from 7:00 a. m. to 7:30 a. m. She has breakfast at home. She goes to school at 7:45 a. m. She has four classes in the morning. She usually has lunch at school, but on Sundays she has lunch at home with her family. She has three classes in the afternoon. She goes home at 5:00 p.m. She usually has dinner at about 6:00 p.m. Then she does her homework from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. She doesn't like watching TV in the evening. What does Judie do in the evening? | [
"Reads English.",
"Does her homework.",
"Watches TV.",
"Cooks dinner."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6671 | As you can see,water works hard in your body every day.That's why it's important to give your body the water it needs to carry out all its different jobs.On a regular day,your body loses 2 to 3 quarts of water--enough to fill a 2liter soda bottle.You probably guess that water is lost when you sweat--especially on a hot day. But your body also loses water in an almost invisible way--evaporation .Water escapes from your body through your skin and in your breath.How?Your breath contains droplets of water that are usually too tiny to see.They become visible for a quick second in the cold when you can "see your breath".But water evaporates this way all year round.Your skin also contains water,which escapes in tiny droplets that go into the air.The water in your skin evaporates into the air,but fortunately,your body can replace the water it loses so your skin doesn't dry out. Eating and drinking is one way to replace the water your body loses.Most foods have a lot of water in them,especially fruits and vegetables.Grapes,watermelons,oranges,and cantaloupes are delicious and full of water. But you can't _ food alone to get that water back,and that's why it's also a good idea to drink water every day.You might have heard someone say that people need to drink 6 to 8 cups (1.4 to 1.9 liters) of water each day.Depending on how much water you're getting from foods and other liquids,6 to 8 cups might not be necessary.If you eat a lot of fruits and vegetables,or you like to eat soup every day,you'll get some of the water your body needs. You should drink enough water every day because _ . | [
"your body needs too much water",
"water does all kinds of jobs in your body",
"your body loses a lot of water every day",
"the more water you drink the better you feel"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18805 | A group of students are observing a fish tank for a school assignment. The group is to share the observations with the class. Which statement about observations is true? | [
"Observations should always be recorded.",
"Observations should be collected only once.",
"Observations are only collected by scientists.",
"Observations are always correct if used in a chart."
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_12088 | After many years on the endangered list of animals, Japan'sAmami Black rabbit can finally breathe a sigh of relief -- That's because this year, the rare animal is no longer in danger of dying out! The effort to save the dark-furred rabbit, often called "a living fossil", began in 1921, when the Japanese government promoted it to the status of "natural monument". This meant that it could not be hunted down for food. However, when that did not work, it got yet another promotion to "special natural monument", which meant that the rabbit could not be trapped or hunted. While that helped, it was not enough -- By 2004 with only 2,000-5,000 specimen left in the wild, the Amami rabbit was officially declared endangered! The reason for the serious population decrease was due to loss of habitat caused by forest clearing for home and agriculture use and the introduction of a new species not native to the island -- the Mongoose. Brought in to get rid of the snake population, the Mongoose instead seemed to prefer the black rabbit. In 2005, the government carried out a strict mongoose capture order and slowly but surely, the rabbit started to come back. This rabbit live in a rather unusual lifestyle. Its ideal habitat is a forest that features both trees and large grasses -- the former to find acorns to feed on and the latter, to hide its babies. That's because to protect them from being eaten by their enemies, the Amami rabbit buries them deep into the ground among the grasses and covers them up with dirt during the day. Then, in the middle of the night, still keeping a _ eye out for their enemies, it digs them out from their hiding place and feeds them. No wonder the animal is sometimes called "midnight rabbit". Though many measures have been taken to stop this furry animal from being wiped out from the world, there are many more that are still in danger. We surely hope that officials in other parts of the worldtry their best to save the endangered species. The status of "natural monument" means _ . | [
"you can't kill them",
"you can't capture them",
"you can't catch them for food",
"you can't trap or hunt them"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13395 | If I had one million Yuan, I would buy you a house! Do I have one million Yuan? No, I don't.So I only can spend ten fens on this short message, sending you my best wishes! Today SMS---Short Message Service is popular, and China Mobile says that every second , there are 410 messages being sent. Look around you! People are watching their mobiles , smiling or laughing.Thumbs are moving quickly on mobiles, bringing happiness to their friends.Through SMS, we know the weather report, share jokes and news, express love and friendship. SMS is becoming more and more popular.It's reported that 67% of young people like to send short messages to greet each other.Internet SMS will be more helpful to people.I'm thankful for the progress because SMS saves me much money.Just on the top of the thumb, so much joy can be found. The writer thinks that _ . | [
"SMS helps people a lot",
"young people dislike SMS",
"he makes SMS more popular",
"he will buy a palace for his friend"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_14295 | Some people don't like the number 13. They don't think 13 is a _ or good number. For example , they don't like to live on the 13th floor . My friend Mary is one of them. She asks some friends to her home. All of her friends get to her home. They sit at the table. Then Mary counts, "One, two, three ...oh, my God! There are thirteen people here!" Everybody's face turns white, but Mr. Brown doesn't. He says, "Don't worry , dear friends! We have fourteen people here. My wife will have a baby next week. _ is in the family way now. " All of them become happy again. "Congratulations !" they say to Mr. and Mrs. Brown. They enjoy the nice food and have a good time this evening. What is NOT true ? | [
"some people don't like to live on the 13th floor.",
"Mary and her friends don't like the number 13.",
"Mr. Brown's face turns white, too.",
"Mary and her friends became happy at last."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18643 | A student measures the growth of a group of plants given different amounts of fertilizer. Which data display should the student use to compare the growth of the plants? | [
"bar graph",
"scatterplot",
"line graph",
"pie chart"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13514 | A bus stops at a small bus stop. A man is hungry and he wants to buy some cakes. It's raining hard, he doesn't want to go out in the rain. He sees a boy. "Come here, boy!" he cries. "Do you know how much the cakes are?" The boy says yes. The man gives the boy four dollars and asks him to buy two cakes. "One is for you and one is for me." Three minutes later, the boy comes back. He's eating a cake. He gives the man two dollars and says: "Sorry, there is only one cake left." How much are they if we buy five cakes? | [
"five dollars",
"Four dollars",
"Ten dollars",
"Fifteen dollars"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3788 | Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. 1.Create wildlife friendly areas in your backyard. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution. And bird or bat houses to your yard or garden to attract and shelter these species. 2.Avoid harming the natural ecosystem in your area. Some plants from other places can kill or harm native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife. 3.Have a greener lifestyle. By using less water and fewer fuels, you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can, turn off electric devices when you're not using them, take shorter showers, and keep your room temperature at or below 68 degrees during the winter. 4.Buy products that are wildlife friendly. Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat. 5.Donate money or time to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats. You can give money to organizations or groups that protect wildlife species in your neighborhood. We infer that the purpose of this passage is to _ . | [
"tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now",
"suggest that we protect wildlife through actions",
"explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think",
"give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3994 | Tiangong -- 1(or.Heavenly Palace)space module is the first step toward China's plan to build a space station around 2020.Its launch by China has upset some countries,which are asking why China did not add on to the International Space Station that has been in place since 1998. After all, the Americans,Russians,Europeans and Japanese are using one platform to experiment in space. Questions have also been asked about China's final purpose in space and suggestions made that there is something as unpleasant as the theme in a James Bond movie,in which Chinese-looking enemies were at the root of some evil plot to control the world. Chinese don't see themselves that way, and never in history have they been flag-planting settlers.Most Westerners are educated in the adventures of the great European explorers,headed by Christopher Columbus and James Cook,and followed closely by the groups of culture egotists with a mix of guns,gold and the Bible in their hands. In comparison,Zheng He,the great Chinese sailing master,took groups of ships to Africa and the Middle East to promote goodwill, with gifts of chinaware and art.No flags claiming possession of distant areas.But this is strange to Western society. In this century,it is clear that space cannot be claimed by one nation.Yet advantage of technology in space does seem to be on some minds.Former US president Ronald Reagan caused shocks and worries with his Star Wars program.So when China shot down its own satellite as a test in January 2010 there were anxieties in the West about Star Wars 1ike scenario becoming reality in the near future. It is most probable that the US,Russia,Europe and Japan _ . | [
"are competing against one another in space wars",
"feel anxious about China's setting up a space station",
"are cooperating to compete against China in space",
"have warned the world of China's final purpose"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_250 | Two pure substances combine to make a new substance. The new substance cannot be physically separated and has a different boiling point than each of the original substances. This new substance can best be classified as | [
"an atom.",
"a mixture.",
"an element.",
"a compound."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8294 | It was only a few weeks after my surgery, and I went to Dr. Belt's office for a checkup. It was just after my first chemotherapy treatment. My scar was still very tender. My arm was numb underneath. As usual, I was taken to an examination room to have my blood drawn, again --a terrifying process for me, since I'm so frightened of needles. I lay down on the examining table. Ramona entered the room. Her warm smile was familiar, and stood out in contrast to my fears. She knew about my fear of needles, and she kindly hid the equipment under a magazine. As we opened the blouse, the fresh scar on my chest could be seen. She said, "How is your scar healing?" I said, "I think pretty well. I wash around it gently each day." The memory of the shower water hitting my numb chest flashed across my face. She gently reached over and ran her hand across the scar, examining the smoothness of the healing skin and looking for any irregularities. I began to cry gently and quietly. She brought her warm eyes to mine and said, "You haven't touched it yet, have you?" And I said, "No." So this wonderful, warm woman laid the hand on my chest and she gently held it there. For a long time, I continued to cry quietly. In soft tones she said, "This is part of your body. This is you. It's okay to touch it." But I couldn't. So she touched it for me. The scar. The healing wound. And beneath it, she touched my heart. Then Ramona said, "I'll hold your hand while you touch it." So she placed her hand next to mine, and we both were quiet. That was the gift that Ramona gave me. I began to have the courage to touch the scar _ . | [
"because of Ramona's encouragement",
"because I could face the fact",
"because of Ramona's gentleness",
"because Ramona and I became friends"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_20136 | If two objects have the same charge then what will they do to eachother? | [
"repel attackers",
"approach",
"pull",
"push away"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2529 | Computers have many uses today. Computers can solve difficult problems and control other machines. Many people use small computers called calculators to solve simple maths problems quickly. Scientists use large computers to solve many problems at the same time. You can play games with computers, and some computers can help you learn languages. The Kurzweil Reading Machine is a special kind of computer. It can read books for blind people. To use the Kurzweil machine, a blind person can simply open the book and put it down on the scanner . The machine "reads" the words on the page. When one page is finished, the blind person turns the page and puts the book on the scanner again. The Kurzweil machine can read in a normal voice or in a special fast voice. _ can read words with small letters and large letters. Blind people like the Kurzweil machine because they can "read" anything with it: newspapers, magazines, books, even typed letters. Many libraries now have Kurzweil Machine for blind people to use. The Kurzweil machine can also help short-sighted children learn to read. Which of the following is TRUE? | [
"Computers can solve all the problems people can't do.",
"Large computers can only solve one problem at a time.",
"When using the Kurzweil machine, a blind man needn't do anything.",
"The Kurzweil machine can help blind people and short-sighted children."
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16578 | Today is July 20th.Mr Smith is going to have a trip.This is his travel plan. Dep.="depart;" leave arr.=arrive 21 July dep. New York 12:25 23 July dep. Ottawa 14:20 arr. Toronto 17:15 25 July dep. Toronto 09:45 arr. Tokyo 15:10 29 July dep. Tokyo 14:20 Arr. Sydney 20:05 2 August dep. Sydney 08:20 Arr. New York 16:25 How long does it take to fly from Sydney to New York? | [
"Nine hours.",
"Ten hours.",
"485 minutes.",
"600 minutes."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_10254 | Astronauts on shorter shuttle missions often work very long days. Tasks are scheduled so tightly that break times are often used to finish the day's work. This type of schedule is far too demanding for long missions on the International Space Station (ISS). ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work five days on and two days off to _ the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences. While astronauts cannot go to a baseball game or a movie in orbit, there are many familiar activities that they can still enjoy. Before a mission, the family and friends of each ISS crewmember put together a collection of family photos, messages, videos and reading material for the astronauts to look at when they will be floating 370 kilometers above the Earth. During their mission, the crew also receives care packages with CDs, books, magazines, photos and letters. And as from early 2010, the internet became available on the ISS, giving astronauts the chance to do some "web surfing" in their personal time. Besides relaxing with these more common entertainments, astronauts can simply enjoy the experience of living in space. Many astronauts say that one of the most relaxing things to do in space is to look out the window and stare at the universe and the Earth. Both the shuttle and the ISS circle the planet several times each day, and every moment offers a new view of the Earth's vast land mass and oceans. The passage mainly discusses how astronauts _ . | [
"work for longer missions in space",
"spend their free time in space",
"observe the Earth from space",
"connect with people on the Earth"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21521 | Which creature would be safest from predators in its natural underground habitat? | [
"eagles",
"lizards",
"moles",
"sardines"
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_2186 | A teacher opens a can of food in the front of a classroom. Soon, all of the students in the classroom can smell the food. Which statement identifies a property of a gas that allows all of the students to smell the food? | [
"A gas has no mass.",
"A gas has a large mass.",
"A gas takes the shape of its container.",
"A gas keeps its shape when placed in a container."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_16096 | In some countries, the most common unlucky number is thirteen. People don't like to live in a house that is number 13. People don't like to have parties with thirteen people. People don't like to do important things on the thirteenth of the month. Also, when you add the Japanese unlucky numbers together---nine and four ---they make thirteen. There aren't many business meetings on the thirteenth of the month especially when the thirteenth is on a Friday. Friday is always unlucky. Adam and Eve left the Garden of Eden on a Friday. Jesus Christ died on a Friday. There were thirteen people at his last supper. In Europe, they kill criminals on Fridays. For some people, unlucky numbers do the opposite things. My elder brother was born on the thirteenth. He passed his exams on the thirteenth. He married on the thirteenth. He became a pilot on the thirteenth. It was always a lucky number for him. ,. Generally speaking, how many days are there in a year on which people don't want to hold business meetings? | [
"9",
"12",
"13",
"24"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_13602 | Look at the photo. The two girls have big blue eyes and long brown hair. They are ten. They are in the same class. The one in a yellow skirt is Lily. The other one in an orange skirt is Lucy. Bob is their brother . He is in a blue cap. He is a high school student. Their dad is Mr. White. He is in a brown coat. Their mom is Mrs. White. She is in black shoes. Look!Lucy and Lily are in the green car. . Mrs. White is _ mom. | [
"Lily's",
"Lucy's",
"Bob's",
"A , B , & C"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21534 | An animals brain controls what? | [
"said organism",
"others",
"plants",
"fauna"
] | null | A | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_21630 | Moles are underground a lot of the time, and since few animals live there, they are unlikely to be | [
"near worms",
"killed by others",
"dirty",
"in dirt"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_15996 | This is a picture of Kate Green's family. In the picture we can see her grandparents, herparents, her brother Mike and her. Her grandparents are on the chair. Mr Green and Mrs Greenare behind them. Mike is under the window. Kate is on the floor. What's behind Kate? It's a cat. It's black and white. Where is the cat? | [
"On the floor.",
"Under the window.",
"Behind Kate.",
"On the chair."
] | null | C | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3484 | Governments and health officials around the world continued to take steps Tuesday against the outbreak of swine flu that has killed scores of people in Mexico and spread to the U.S., Europe and possibly Asia. By early Tuesday, the swine flu outbreak in Mexico had caused in 152 deaths and more than 1,600 illnesses. So far, at least 113 cases have been proved worldwide, including 64 in the United States; six in Canada; 11 in New Zealand and two each in Spain the United Kingdom and Israel. None has yet resulted in death. The World Health Organization on Monday raised its alert level from three to four on its six-level scale. The move means the U.N. agency has determined that the virus can transmit from human to human. "In this age of global travel, where people move around in airplanes so quickly, there is no region to which this virus could not spread," said Fukuda, assistant director-general of the WHO. Governments around the world struggled to prevent further outbreak. Some, like China and Russia, banned pork imports from the United States and Mexico. U.S. President Barack Obama said the outbreak was a cause for concern, not for alarm. The government urged travelers to avoid non-essential travel to Mexico. The latest WHO report listed only seven proved swine flu deaths in Mexico but it was not clear why there was the discrepency. Mexico City has closed all schools until at least May 6 to help curb(control) the spread of swine flu and ordered 35,00 public venues to close or serve only takeaway meals. In addition, bars, clubs, movie theaters, pool halls, gyms, sport centers and convention halls have been told to close until May 5. Armed police officers are also guarding hospitals in Mexico City while roads and schools in the city of 20 million people are deserted. Officials also have talked about shutting down the bus and subway systems. When learning the outbreak of swine flu, the WHO was _ . | [
"calm",
"nervous",
"shocked",
"careful"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_3301 | Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents' home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) find out the world's most wanted cyber criminals . Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the "Melissa" virus in March 1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected sender of the dangerous "I LOVE YOU" virus. The suspect was caught in Manila on May 8. Jonathan's special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the "virtual" crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother's football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker trade. Many companies have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment. Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at Sweden's Uppsala University and start up his own e-security company. Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he's just "a regular kid". "Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer," his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because "he likes to help", not because he's looking for fame and recognition. When the world was hit by the "Love Bug" virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. "Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking." Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the "Melissa" virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly. "This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at." From Jonathan's success in finding out the sender of the dangerous 'Love Bug" virus we can infer that _ . | [
"where there's a will, there's a way",
"experience is knowledge",
"hard work leads to success",
"failure is the mother of success"
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_6000 | The physicians in a hospital form the center of medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical employees. From the viewpoint of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. however, each must be equally dedicated. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients' needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. A nurse must always be alert. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situation, but it is especially true in the intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. Serving as a nurse can be a very rewarding job. But it is not an easy one. Not every person is suited to become a nurse. Only very dedicated people have chosen nursing as a profession. Nurses work in shifts because _ . | [
"they are careless.",
"nursing services must be provided continuously.",
"they work at night from time to time.",
"a shift is usually eight hours long."
] | null | B | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_8428 | Analysis of the composition of quicksand shows that there are four key ingredients--sand, obviously water, clay and salt. Together these materials form a structure resembling a house of cards, with large water-filled gaps between the sand particles, which are loosely glued in place by the clay. As long as it's left alone, the structure remains stable. But as soon as it's disturbed, by stepping on it, the clay changes from a jelly-like consistency to a runny liquid. The effect is the same as stirring a pot of yoghurt. Liquefying the clay makes the quicksand about one million times runnier, and the whole house of cards comes tumbling down, with you inside it. Very quickly, the sand sinks to the bottom and the water floats to the top. This is where the salt comes in. When there's enough salt present, as soon as the clay particles liquefy, electrical charges make them begin to stick together to form bigger particles and these also settle with the sand. Quicksand is a mixture which looks like solid, but behaves more like a liquid. Despite its murderous reputation, quicksand does not such people under and swallow them, although it can hold a person in firm grip. The human body is more buoyant in quicksand than in water, and sooner or later anyone trapped in it will float. Unlike most liquids, quicksand's viscosity, or "runniness" can suddenly change if it comes under pressure, for example under a human foot. The surface gives way and the victim quickly sinks in up to the knees, surrounded by an area of dirty things that turns semi-solid around its victim. Escaping from the quicksand's grip requires a large amount of force. Without something solid to pull at, people often find they are stuck fast. Pulling at one leg simply makes the other one sink further. So how do you escape from quicksand's control? Stay still and call for help. Staying still stops you sinking any further, until--with luck--help arrives on the scene. If no one appears and you need to draw yourself out, gently lie down on your back until your body is floating on the sand. Next, roll over onto your stomach and pull yourself forwards with your hands, so that you gradually "swim" towards firmer ground. It is a slow and dirty business, but it works. This technique has one barrier: it goes against a very powerful human nature. Faced with danger in the open, nine out of ten stay on their feet so that they can run away, in which case it can worsen the situation. What might be the best title of the passage? | [
"A human killer--quicksand",
"How to escape from danger",
"An awful experience in quicksand",
"What to do if trapped in quicksand"
] | null | D | |
mmlu_stem | mmlu_stem_18902 | Which part of the body works closely with the digestive system to transport nutrients to the cells? | [
"lungs",
"blood",
"kidneys",
"esophagus"
] | null | B |
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