v2.0.0: OpenAlex authorship, citation expansion, and derived edges

README.md

@@ -8,60 +8,72 @@ tags:
 - Satellite
 - Knowledge Graph
 - Machine Learning
+- Authorship
+- Citations
+- OpenAlex
 ---
 
-# NASA Knowledge Graph Dataset
-
 ## Dataset Summary
 
 The **NASA Knowledge Graph Dataset** is an expansive graph-based dataset designed to integrate and interconnect information about satellite datasets, scientific publications, instruments, platforms, projects, data centers, and science keywords. This knowledge graph is particularly focused on datasets managed by NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs), which are NASA's data repositories responsible for archiving and distributing scientific data. In addition to NASA DAACs, the graph includes datasets from 184 data providers worldwide, including various government agencies and academic institutions.
 
 The primary goal of the NASA Knowledge Graph is to bridge scientific publications with the datasets they reference, facilitating deeper insights and research opportunities within NASA's scientific and data ecosystem. By organizing these interconnections within a graph structure, this dataset enables advanced analyses, such as discovering influential datasets, understanding research trends, and exploring scientific collaborations.
 
+As of v2.0.0 the graph also models the authorship and citation network around these publications. It adds Author and Institution entities sourced from OpenAlex, links publications to their authors and authors to their institutions, expands the publication and citation coverage by following the citation network outward from cited datasets, and adds derived edges that summarize dataset co-usage and researcher and institution data usage.
+
 ---
 
-## What's Changed (v1.2.0) - October 21, 2025
+## What's Changed (v2.0.0) - June 8, 2026
+
+This release augments the graph with authorship, affiliation, and an expanded citation network sourced from OpenAlex, plus computed (derived) edges. The seven original node types and their relationships are preserved unchanged; all additions are additive.
 
 ### 1. Node Changes
 
-* **Total Nodes:** Increased from 145,678 to 150,351 (+4,673)
-* **New Node Counts:**
+* **Total Nodes:** Increased from 150,351 to 1,409,253 (+1,258,902)
+* **New Node Types:**
 
-  * **Dataset:** Increased from 6,821 to 8,058 (+1,237)
-  * **DataCenter:** Decreased from 197 to 189 (-8)
-  * **Instrument:** Increased from 897 to 921 (+24)
-  * **Platform:** Increased from 451 to 455 (+4)
-  * **Project:** Increased from 351 to 415 (+64)
-  * **Publication:** Increased from 135,352 to 138,704 (+3,352)
-  * **ScienceKeyword:** Remained the same at 1,609
+  * **Author:** 905,086 (new)
+  * **Institution:** 35,435 (new)
+* **Updated Node Counts:**
+
+  * **Publication:** Increased from 138,704 to 457,085 (+318,381), from following the citation network outward from cited datasets
+  * **Dataset:** Remained at 8,058
+  * **DataCenter:** Remained at 189
+  * **Instrument:** Remained at 921
+  * **Platform:** Remained at 455
+  * **Project:** Remained at 415
+  * **ScienceKeyword:** Remained at 1,609
 
 ### 2. Relationship Changes
 
-* **Total Relationships:** Increased from 406,515 to 436,203 (+29,688)
-* **Updated Relationship Counts:**
+* **Total Relationships:** Increased from 436,203 to 5,836,702 (+5,400,499)
+* **New Relationship Types:**
 
-  * **CITES:** Increased from 208,429 to 208,616 (+187)
-  * **HAS_APPLIEDRESEARCHAREA:** Increased from 119,695 to 121,553 (+1,858)
-  * **HAS_DATASET:** Increased from 9,834 to 11,698 (+1,864)
-  * **HAS_INSTRUMENT:** Increased from 2,526 to 2,631 (+105)
-  * **HAS_PLATFORM:** Increased from 10,398 to 11,944 (+1,546)
-  * **HAS_SCIENCEKEYWORD:** Increased from 21,571 to 25,553 (+3,982)
-  * **HAS_SUBCATEGORY:** Remained the same at 1,823
-  * **OF_PROJECT:** Increased from 6,378 to 8,031 (+1,653)
-  * **USES_DATASET:** Increased from 25,861 to 44,354 (+18,493)
+  * **AUTHORED_BY** (Publication to Author): 2,540,881
+  * **AFFILIATED_WITH** (Author to Institution): 1,441,939
+  * **WORKS_WITH_DATASET** (Author or Institution to Dataset, derived): 604,929
+  * **CO_USED_WITH** (Dataset to Dataset, derived): 27,973
+* **Updated Relationship Counts:**
 
-### 3. Property Changes
+  * **CITES:** Increased from 208,616 to 982,434 (+773,818)
+  * **USES_DATASET:** Increased from 44,354 to 55,313 (+10,959)
+  * **HAS_APPLIEDRESEARCHAREA:** Remained at 121,553
+  * **HAS_SCIENCEKEYWORD:** Remained at 25,553
+  * **HAS_PLATFORM:** Remained at 11,944
+  * **HAS_DATASET:** Remained at 11,698
+  * **OF_PROJECT:** Remained at 8,031
+  * **HAS_INSTRUMENT:** Remained at 2,631
+  * **HAS_SUBCATEGORY:** Remained at 1,823
 
-* **Removed Properties:**
+### 3. Property and Schema Changes
 
-  * `pagerank_publication_dataset` and all derived PageRank fields.
-* **Schema Updates:**
+* **New node types** Author and Institution carry the properties listed under Dataset Structure below. All properties remain string type for cross-database compatibility, consistent with v1.2.0.
+* **Asserted vs derived edges.** Edges computed from the graph's own structure carry a boolean property `derived: true` and a numeric `weight`, so they can be filtered apart from sourced facts. These are `CO_USED_WITH` and `WORKS_WITH_DATASET`. `AUTHORED_BY` carries an `authorPosition` property (first, middle, last).
+* **Citation-expansion publications.** Publications discovered by following the citation network carry `globalId`, `doi`, `title`, and `year`. They may not include `abstract` or `authors` string fields, which are present on the original publication set.
 
-  * All node properties standardized to string type for cross-database compatibility.
-  * No new node types added; schema remains stable with seven main entity types.
-  * Relationship properties remain null across all types.
+### 4. New Data Sources
 
-These changes reflect expansion in dataset-publication linkages, improved dataset completeness, and schema simplification for downstream applications.
+* **OpenAlex** ([openalex.org](https://openalex.org)) provides author, institution, authorship, affiliation, and citation data, and is released under a CC0 1.0 public domain dedication. OpenAlex builds on **ROR** (institution identifiers) and **ORCID** (author identifiers), which are likewise openly licensed. OpenAlex data is provided as is. Author identity reflects OpenAlex disambiguation, which on rare occasions splits one person across multiple identifiers.
 
 ---
 
@@ -71,9 +83,9 @@ Each file in the dataset has a SHA-256 checksum to verify its integrity:
 
 | File Name       | SHA-256 Checksum                                                   |
 | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| `graph.cypher`  | `ed4800be1a822822402083e6209a0b3dd1a1a697e0a44b19e74638cd8a2c3abe` |
-| `graph.graphml` | `55d7c4fc1a29b692c909bd76f89b35d9b3705f41febcdb6261ae72bca533e086` |
-| `graph.json`    | `4cb68b0d7e5f2b5a6823ee489a58938f534bc9bcbce53d6f8c03f31f8c23795e` |
+| `graph.cypher`  | `4ee679f97d8e06ae599bc1aa49dd35eeb2ff04c7b2b82029ed842425d1394cc3` |
+| `graph.graphml` | `85d563ebb900fb6835021688f0d41d9e60bf7c8bd088a30363503c765b66b9e5` |
+| `graph.json`    | `63779a173e3053306eb2fd92d541877e76dcb8d87ea1bf507a34d1c42ed72f0c` |
 
 ### Verification
 
@@ -98,7 +110,7 @@ def calculate_sha256(filepath):
 
 ### Nodes and Properties
 
-The knowledge graph consists of seven main node types, each representing a different entity within NASA's ecosystem.
+The knowledge graph consists of nine node types. The seven original types describe NASA's data ecosystem; Author and Institution were added in v2.0.0 to describe the people and organizations behind the publications.
 
 #### 1. Dataset
 
@@ -169,67 +181,92 @@ The knowledge graph consists of seven main node types, each representing a diffe
   * `longName` (String)
   * `url` (String)
 
+#### 8. Author
+
+* **Description**: A person credited as an author on one or more publications, sourced from OpenAlex. Added in v2.0.0.
+* **Properties**:
+
+  * `globalId` (String)
+  * `name` (String)
+  * `openalexId` (String)
+  * `orcid` (String)
+
+#### 9. Institution
+
+* **Description**: An organization affiliated with one or more authors, sourced from OpenAlex. Added in v2.0.0.
+* **Properties**:
+
+  * `globalId` (String)
+  * `name` (String)
+  * `openalexId` (String)
+  * `ror` (String)
+  * `country` (String)
+
 ---
 
 ## Statistics
 
-# Data Statistics
-
-## Total Counts
+### Total Counts
 
-| Type                    | Count   |
-| ----------------------- | ------- |
-| **Total Nodes**         | 150,351 |
-| **Total Relationships** | 436,203 |
+| Type                    | Count     |
+| ----------------------- | --------- |
+| **Total Nodes**         | 1,409,253 |
+| **Total Relationships** | 5,836,702 |
 
-## Node Label Counts
+### Node Label Counts
 
 | Node Label     | Count   |
 | -------------- | ------- |
+| Author         | 905,086 |
+| Publication    | 457,085 |
+| Institution    | 35,435  |
 | Dataset        | 8,058   |
-| DataCenter     | 189     |
-| Project        | 415     |
-| Platform       | 455     |
-| Instrument     | 921     |
 | ScienceKeyword | 1,609   |
-| Publication    | 138,704 |
-
-## Relationship Label Counts
-
-| Relationship Label      | Count   |
-| ----------------------- | ------- |
-| CITES                   | 208,616 |
-| HAS_APPLIEDRESEARCHAREA | 121,553 |
-| HAS_DATASET             | 11,698  |
-| HAS_INSTRUMENT          | 2,631   |
-| HAS_PLATFORM            | 11,944  |
-| HAS_SCIENCEKEYWORD      | 25,553  |
-| HAS_SUBCATEGORY         | 1,823   |
-| OF_PROJECT              | 8,031   |
-| USES_DATASET            | 44,354  |
+| Instrument     | 921     |
+| Platform       | 455     |
+| Project        | 415     |
+| DataCenter     | 189     |
 
----
+### Relationship Label Counts
 
-## Data Formats
+| Relationship Label      | Count     |
+| ----------------------- | --------- |
+| AUTHORED_BY             | 2,540,881 |
+| AFFILIATED_WITH         | 1,441,939 |
+| CITES                   | 982,434   |
+| WORKS_WITH_DATASET      | 604,929   |
+| HAS_APPLIEDRESEARCHAREA | 121,553   |
+| USES_DATASET            | 55,313    |
+| CO_USED_WITH            | 27,973    |
+| HAS_SCIENCEKEYWORD      | 25,553    |
+| HAS_PLATFORM            | 11,944    |
+| HAS_DATASET             | 11,698    |
+| OF_PROJECT              | 8,031     |
+| HAS_INSTRUMENT          | 2,631     |
+| HAS_SUBCATEGORY         | 1,823     |
 
-The Knowledge Graph Dataset is available in three formats: JSON, GraphML, and Cypher.
-(Section content unchanged from previous version.)
+### Derived Edges
 
+Two relationship types are computed from the graph's own structure rather than ingested from a source. Each carries `derived: true` and a `weight`:
 
+* **CO_USED_WITH** (Dataset to Dataset): two datasets used together in the same publication. Stored in one direction; query it undirected. `weight` is the number of publications co-using the pair.
+* **WORKS_WITH_DATASET** (Author or Institution to Dataset): an author, or an author's institution, that has worked with a dataset through an authored publication. `weight` is the number of evidencing publications.
+
+---
 
 ## Data Formats
 
-The Knowledge Graph Dataset is available in three formats:
+The Knowledge Graph Dataset is available in three formats: JSON, GraphML, and Cypher.
 
 ### 1. JSON
 
 - **File**: `graph.json`
-- **Description**: A hierarchical data format representing nodes and relationships. Each node includes its properties, such as `globalId`, `doi`, and `pagerank_global`.
-- **Usage**: Suitable for web applications and APIs, and for use cases where hierarchical data structures are preferred.
+- **Description**: A line-delimited JSON format representing nodes and relationships, one object per line. Each node includes its properties, such as `globalId` and `doi`.
+- **Usage**: Suitable for web applications and APIs, and for use cases where line-delimited data structures are preferred.
 
 #### Loading the JSON Format
 
-To load the JSON file into a graph database using Python and multiprocessing you can using the following script:
+To load the JSON file into a graph database using Python and multiprocessing:
 
 ```python
 import json
@@ -344,11 +381,13 @@ def ingest_relationships_batch(batch):
                     MATCH (start {{globalId: $start_globalId}})
                     MATCH (end {{globalId: $end_globalId}})
                     MERGE (start)-[r:{rel_type}]->(end)
+                    SET r += $properties
                     """
                     session.run(
                         query,
                         start_globalId=relationship["start"]["properties"]["globalId"],
                         end_globalId=relationship["end"]["properties"]["globalId"],
+                        properties=relationship.get("properties", {}),
                     )
                 except Exception as e:
                     print(
@@ -362,7 +401,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
 
     # Run the ingestion process
     ingest_data(JSON_FILE_PATH)
-
 ```
 
 ### 2. GraphML
@@ -491,11 +529,16 @@ print("\nEdges and Types:")
 for edge_type in data.edge_types:
     edge_index = data[edge_type].edge_index
     print(f"Edge Type: {edge_type} - Number of Edges: {edge_index.size(1)} - Shape: {edge_index.shape}")
-
 ```
 
 ---
 
+## Provenance and Licensing
+
+The combined dataset is released under the Apache 2.0 license. The original NASA entities (Dataset, Publication, ScienceKeyword, Instrument, Platform, Project, DataCenter) are sourced as described in the reference below. The Author, Institution, AUTHORED_BY, AFFILIATED_WITH, and expanded Publication and CITES data are sourced from OpenAlex, which is released under CC0 1.0, and build on the ROR and ORCID open identifier systems. The CO_USED_WITH and WORKS_WITH_DATASET edges are computed from the graph and are marked with `derived: true`.
+
+---
+
 ## Citation
 
 Please cite the dataset as follows:
@@ -515,10 +558,14 @@ Please cite the dataset as follows:
 ```
 
 ## References
+
 For details on the process of collecting these publications, please refer to:
 
 Gerasimov, I., Savtchenko, A., Alfred, J., Acker, J., Wei, J., & KC, B. (2024). *Bridging the Gap: Enhancing Prominence and Provenance of NASA Datasets in Research Publications.* Data Science Journal, 23(1). DOI: [10.5334/dsj-2024-001](https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2024-001)
 
+---
+
+## Contact
 
 For any questions or further information, please contact:
 

graph.cypher

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+size 1385885135

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-size 1601391907
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+size 9276931157