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Yeah. Howard, we usually have you on as our guest for Science Diction. You do the origin of scientific words. And, of course, the theme in your book is, where does the word addiction come from? You want to give us that... | yeah howard we usually. have you on as our guest for science diction you do the origin of. scientific words. and of course the theme in your book is where does the word addiction come from? you want to give us | Yeah Howard, we usually have you on as, our guest for Science Diction You do the origin of scientific words And of course. the theme in your book is where does the word addiction come from? You want to give us | yeah. howard, we usually have you on as our guest for science diction. you do the origin of scientific words. and, of course, the theme in your book is, where does the word addiction come from? you want to give us that... |
Yes. And while - yes, of course. And while, you know, Freud and Halsted in the 1880s, with cocaine and even morphine, that's the birth of the modern addict, as we understand it, as a - this excessive use to the point of loss of control of a substance, it really - it wasn't that term that - it didn't mean that at all un... | yes and while - yes of. course and while you know freud and halsted in; the 1880s with cocaine and. even morphine that's the birth of the modern addict as we understand it as a - this excessive, use to; the point of loss of control of a substance it really - it wasn't. that term that - it didn't mean that at; all until... | Yes And while - yes of course And while. you know Freud and Halsted in, the 1880s with cocaine and even, morphine that's the birth of the modern, addict as we understand it. as, a - this excessive use to the point of loss of control of a substance it really - it wasn't that term that - it didn't mean that at. all, unti... | yes. and while - yes, of course. and while, you know, freud and halsted in the 1880s, with cocaine and even morphine, that's the birth of the modern addict, as we understand it, as a - this excessive use to the point of loss of control of a substance, it really - it wasn't that term that - it didn't mean that at all un... |
And in antiquity, it was an edict of Roman law, so that if I owed you a great deal of money, Ira, and I couldn't pay you back, you would take me before a judge. And he would make me your addict, your slave, until - I'd have to work for you until I could pay you off. | and in antiquity it was an edict of roman law. so that if i owed you a great deal of money ira and i couldn't pay you back you would take me before, a judge and he would make me your addict your slave until - i'd have to work for you, until, i could pay you | And in antiquity it. was an edict of Roman law so. that if I owed you a great deal. of, money Ira and I couldn't, pay you back you would, take me before a judge And he would make me your addict your slave until - I'd have to work for you until I could; pay; you | and in antiquity, it was an edict of roman law, so that if i owed you a great deal of money, ira, and i couldn't pay you back, you would take me before a judge. and he would make me your addict, your slave, until - i'd have to work for you until i could pay you off. |
And that was the nature of the term addiction or addict well into the 1500s. Later on, it became a term for describing someone's bad habits: if you ate too much, if you were too stubborn, if you smoked too much. But we don't see its use as, you know, the loss of control due to an exogenous substance that you take until... | and that was the nature of. the term addiction or addict well into the 1500s later. on it became a term for describing someone's bad habits: if you ate too much if you were too stubborn if you smoked too much but we don't see its use as. you know the loss. of control due to an exogenous substance that you take until. t... | And that was the nature of the term. addiction or addict well into the 1500s Later on it became a term for. describing someone's. bad habits: if you. ate too much if you were too stubborn if you, smoked too much But we don't see its use as you know the loss of control due to an exogenous substance that you take, until ... | and that was the nature of the term addiction or addict well into the 1500s. later on, it became a term for describing someone's bad habits: if you ate too much, if you were too stubborn, if you smoked too much. but we don't see its use as, you know, the loss of control due to an exogenous substance that you take until... |
Wow. And it would make sense because the original definition, as you say, is you're basically enslaved to someone. | wow and it would make sense because the original definition as you say, is. you're basically enslaved to | Wow And it would make sense because the, original definition as you say is you're. basically enslaved to; | wow. and it would make sense because the original definition, as you say, is you're basically enslaved to someone. |
Yeah. | yeah. | ||
And so you're enslaved to this drug, I would imagine. | and so you're enslaved to this drug i would | And so you're, enslaved to this drug I would | and so you're enslaved to this drug, i would imagine. |
The Democrats think government has a fairly large role to play in the health care system, and the Republicans don't. | the. democrats think government has a fairly large role to play, in the health, care system and the republicans | The Democrats think government has a fairly, large role to play. in the health care system and the Republicans | the democrats think government has a fairly large role to play in the health care system, and the republicans don't. |
(Soundbite of voices) | (soundbite of | (Soundbite of. | (soundbite of voices) |
To this drug, yeah. And now, as we're learning more and more about the science of addiction and what these substances and perhaps even behavior - such as hypersexuality or gambling, or what have you - these stimulate the pleasure center of the brain, the limbic center of the brain in such a way that it really changes t... | to this drug yeah and now as. we're learning more and more about the science of, addiction and what these substances and perhaps even behavior - such as hypersexuality or gambling or what have you - these; stimulate the pleasure; center of the brain the limbic center of the brain in such a way that it really changes th... | To this drug yeah And now as we're, learning more and more. about, the science of addiction and what these substances and perhaps even behavior - such as hypersexuality or gambling or what, have you - these stimulate the pleasure center of, the brain the limbic center of the brain in such a way that it really changes. ... | to this drug, yeah. and now, as we're learning more and more about the science of addiction and what these substances and perhaps even behavior - such as hypersexuality or gambling, or what have you - these stimulate the pleasure center of the brain, the limbic center of the brain in such a way that it really changes t... |
Yeah. And the problem is undoing the wiring, yeah. | yeah and the problem is undoing the, wiring | Yeah And the problem is undoing the. wiring | yeah. and the problem is undoing the wiring, yeah. |
Exactly. Yeah. | exactly | Exactly | exactly. yeah. |
So - because as you say, addiction is something that's physically changed in your brain. | so - because as you say addiction is something that's physically changed in your | So - because as you say, addiction is something, that's physically changed in your. | so - because as you say, addiction is something that's physically changed in your brain. |
Yeah, so that the first dose or two or 100 may be voluntary. But, you know, once you change a cucumber into a pickle, you can't change that pickle back into a cucumber. So you have to come up with other means, very clever means of medical and psychological treatment to try to help people get off their drugs of choice. | yeah so that the first dose or two; or 100 may; be voluntary but. you know once you change a cucumber into, a pickle you can't change that pickle back into a cucumber so you have to come up with other means very. clever means of medical and psychological treatment to try to help people get off their drugs of | Yeah so that the first dose or two or 100 may, be voluntary But you know once you change a cucumber. into a pickle you can't change that pickle back. into a cucumber So you have to come up with other means very clever means of medical and psychological treatment to try to help people get off their drugs of, | yeah, so that the first dose or two or 100 may be voluntary. but, you know, once you change a cucumber into a pickle, you can't change that pickle back into a cucumber. so you have to come up with other means, very clever means of medical and psychological treatment to try to help people get off their drugs of choice. |
Well, Howard, I'm not clever enough to top that analogy. So I'll... | well howard i'm not clever enough to top. that analogy. so | Well, Howard I'm not clever enough to top that analogy So | well, howard, i'm not clever enough to top that analogy. so i'll... |
(SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) | (soundbite. of, | (SOUNDBITE OF | (soundbite of laughter) |
Oh, I think you are. I think you are. | oh i think you. are i think you | Oh I think you are I think you | oh, i think you are. i think you are. |
(SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) | (soundbite of | (SOUNDBITE OF | (soundbite of laughter) |
That's the beauty. And I think, Howard, that's a great place to end the segment and segue into this month's episode of science diction. What have you got for us this month, Howard? | that's the beauty and; i think howard that's a great place to end the segment and, segue into this month's episode of science diction what have you, got, for us this month, | That's the beauty. And I think Howard that's a great place to end the segment and segue into this month's episode of science diction What have you got for us this month | that's the beauty. and i think, howard, that's a great place to end the segment and segue into this month's episode of science diction. what have you got for us this month, howard? |
Well, the word is stethoscope. | well the word is | Well the word is | well, the word is stethoscope. |
Stethoscope. | stethoscope. | ||
Yes. | yes. | ||
Huh. | huh. | ||
And, you know, doctors have been listening to patient's breath sounds since at least 1,500 B.C. But it really wasn't until the early 19th century that a French physician Rene Laennec systematically investigated the sounds that we make when we breathe, and also of our heartbeat. | and you know doctors have been listening to patient's breath sounds since, at least 1,500 b.c but it, really wasn't until the early 19th century that, a french physician rene laennec systematically investigated the sounds that we make when we breathe and also, of our | And you know doctors have been listening to patient's breath sounds since at least 1,500 B.C But it really wasn't until the early 19th century that, a French physician Rene Laennec systematically investigated the sounds that we make when we breathe and also; of our | and, you know, doctors have been listening to patient's breath sounds since at least 1,500 b.c. but it really wasn't until the early 19th century that a french physician rene laennec systematically investigated the sounds that we make when we breathe, and also of our heartbeat. |
And, you know, the time-honored way of doing that was literally to place your ear on a patient's chest. And Laennec didn't like that. For one, if he had an obese patient, it was very hard to hear through all that fat. And also, you know, he was treating the great unwashed, literally. And they had poor hygiene, and some... | and you know. the time-honored, way of doing. that was literally to place your ear on a. patient's chest and laennec didn't like that for one if he had an obese patient it was very hard to hear through all that fat and also you know he was, treating the. great unwashed literally and they had poor hygiene and sometimes ... | And you, know the time-honored way. of doing that was literally, to place your ear on a patient's chest And Laennec didn't like that For one if he. had an obese patient it was very hard to hear through all that fat; And also you know he was treating the great unwashed literally And they had poor hygiene and sometimes. ... | and, you know, the time-honored way of doing that was literally to place your ear on a patient's chest. and laennec didn't like that. for one, if he had an obese patient, it was very hard to hear through all that fat. and also, you know, he was treating the great unwashed, literally. and they had poor hygiene, and some... |
This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from NPR. I'm Ira Flatow, talking with Howard Markel, author of "An Anatomy of Addiction." The early stethoscope didn't look much like the one we have today, did it? | this is science friday from. npr. i'm ira flatow talking with howard markel author of "an anatomy of addiction" the early stethoscope didn't look much like the one we have today did | This is SCIENCE FRIDAY, from. NPR I'm Ira, Flatow talking. with Howard Markel, author of "An Anatomy of Addiction" The early stethoscope didn't look much like the one we have today did | this is science friday, from npr. i'm ira flatow, talking with howard markel, author of "an anatomy of addiction." the early stethoscope didn't look much like the one we have today, did it? |
Not at all. It was a hollow tube made out of cedar or ebony. And, you know, there's really charming story of how that came to be. It was in 1816. He was late to see a patient, a woman with heart disease, and he was taking a short cut through the courtyard of the Louvre. And he saw some boys playing on a pile of timber,... | not at all it was a hollow tube made out of cedar or ebony and you know there's really charming story of how that, came to, be it was in 1816. he was late to see a patient a woman with heart. disease and he was taking a short cut through the courtyard of the louvre and he saw some boys playing on a pile of timber and. ... | Not at all It was a hollow tube made out of cedar or ebony And you, know there's really charming, story of how that, came to be It was in 1816. He. was late to see a patient a woman with heart. disease and he was taking a. short cut through the courtyard of the Louvre And he saw some boys, playing on a pile. of timber ... | not at all. it was a hollow tube made out of cedar or ebony. and, you know, there's really charming story of how that came to be. it was in 1816. he was late to see a patient, a woman with heart disease, and he was taking a short cut through the courtyard of the louvre. and he saw some boys playing on a pile of timber,... |
Wow. But even if they could hear, you know, something rattling around in the chest, does - in those days, was there anything he could really knew about it? | wow but even, if they could hear, you know something rattling around in the chest does - in those days was there. anything he could really knew about | Wow But even, if they could hear you know something rattling; around in the chest does - in those days was there anything he could really, knew about | wow. but even if they could hear, you know, something rattling around in the chest, does - in those days, was there anything he could really knew about it? |
Ah, well, back then, diagnosis was more important than treatment. | ah well back then diagnosis was more important than | Ah well back then diagnosis was more important than | ah, well, back then, diagnosis was more important than treatment. |
(SOUNDBITE OF LAUGHTER) | (soundbite of | (SOUNDBITE OF | (soundbite of laughter) |
They didn't have a lot of treatment. But what was really remarkable about Laennec is that he figured out so many things about diseases of the chest, you know, things like tuberculosis or emphysema, and also of heart disease, whether they were heart murmurs or other problems of the heart, so that doctors could accuratel... | they, didn't have a lot of treatment but what was really remarkable about laennec is that; he figured, out so many things about diseases of the chest, you know things like tuberculosis or emphysema and also of heart disease, whether they, were. heart murmurs or other. problems; of the heart so that doctors could. accur... | They didn't, have a lot of. treatment But what was really remarkable about Laennec is that he. figured out so, many things about diseases of the chest you know things like tuberculosis or emphysema and also of heart, disease. whether they were heart murmurs or other problems of the heart so that. doctors could accurate... | they didn't have a lot of treatment. but what was really remarkable about laennec is that he figured out so many things about diseases of the chest, you know, things like tuberculosis or emphysema, and also of heart disease, whether they were heart murmurs or other problems of the heart, so that doctors could accuratel... |
Wow. | wow. | ||
But it did - took awhile for it to catch on. The book had to be translated in different languages. And finally, it became the iconic symbol. And by about 1851, the binaural stethoscope - what's very familiar to people today, with the two ear prongs and the tubes - began to develop. And that became the stethoscope as we... | but it did - took awhile, for it to catch on the book had to be translated in, different languages and. finally it became the iconic symbol and by about 1851, the binaural stethoscope - what's very, familiar to people today with. the two ear prongs and the tubes - began. to develop and that became the stethoscope, as w... | But it did - took awhile for it to catch on The. book had to be. translated in different languages And finally it became the iconic. symbol And by about 1851, the binaural stethoscope - what's very, familiar to people today; with the two ear prongs and the tubes - began to develop And, that became the stethoscope as we... | but it did - took awhile for it to catch on. the book had to be translated in different languages. and finally, it became the iconic symbol. and by about 1851, the binaural stethoscope - what's very familiar to people today, with the two ear prongs and the tubes - began to develop. and that became the stethoscope as we... |
Is the stethoscope as we know it becoming obsolete? You know, we have all these imaging technology. | is the stethoscope, as we know it, becoming obsolete? you know we have all these imaging | Is the stethoscope as we know it becoming obsolete? You know we have all these imaging | is the stethoscope as we know it becoming obsolete? you know, we have all these imaging technology. |
Sadly, yes. I still know how to use my stethoscope. And I remember avidly listening to tapes of heart sounds and breathe sounds so that I could learn them on real patients. And it is sad. With all our wonderful, you know, non-evasive imaging techniques, you know, we can learn more and more about a patient without ever ... | sadly yes i still know how to use my stethoscope and i remember avidly listening to tapes of. heart sounds and breathe sounds so that i could learn them on. real patients and it is sad with all our wonderful you know non-evasive imaging techniques you know we can learn more and more about a patient without ever being i... | Sadly yes I still know how to use my stethoscope, And I remember avidly listening to tapes of, heart sounds and breathe sounds so that I could learn, them on real patients. And it, is sad With all our wonderful you know non-evasive imaging techniques you know we can learn, more and more about a patient without ever bei... | sadly, yes. i still know how to use my stethoscope. and i remember avidly listening to tapes of heart sounds and breathe sounds so that i could learn them on real patients. and it is sad. with all our wonderful, you know, non-evasive imaging techniques, you know, we can learn more and more about a patient without ever ... |
All right, Howard. Thank you very much. | all right howard thank you very | All right, Howard Thank you very | all right, howard. thank you very much. |
Well, thank you, and Happy Thanksgiving. | well thank you. and happy; | Well thank you and Happy. | well, thank you, and happy thanksgiving. |
You, too. Howard Markel is a professor of the history of medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and director of the Center for the History of Medicine there. | you too howard markel, is a professor of. the. history of medicine at the university of michigan in ann arbor and director. of the center for the history of medicine | You too Howard Markel, is a professor of the history of medicine at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and director of the Center for the History of Medicine | you, too. howard markel is a professor of the history of medicine at the university of michigan in ann arbor and director of the center for the history of medicine there. |
That's about all the time we have for this hour. We would like you to stay with us, but we don't have any more time. | that's about. all the time. we have for this hour we would like you to stay with; us but we don't have any more | That's about all the time we have for this hour We would. like you to stay with us but we don't have any more | that's about all the time we have for this hour. we would like you to stay with us, but we don't have any more time. |
This is DAY TO DAY from NPR News. I'm Alex Chadwick. | this is day. to day from npr news i'm alex | This is DAY TO DAY from NPR News I'm Alex | this is day to day from npr news. i'm alex chadwick. |
And I'm Madeleine Brand. | and i'm madeleine | And I'm Madeleine | and i'm madeleine brand. |
And now to wild hair, crazy clothes and murder. | and now to wild hair crazy clothes and | And now to wild hair crazy clothes and | and now to wild hair, crazy clothes and murder. |
Wait a minute. I never murdered anybody. | wait a minute i never murdered | Wait a minute I never murdered | wait a minute. i never murdered anybody. |
You are wearing those purple ug-boots. Phil Spector, the music producer who created the legendary wall of sound, is on trial here in Los Angeles. He is not expected to testify in the murder trial and he almost never talks to the media. But just weeks before the incident, he spoke candidly to a journalist about his ment... | you are wearing those purple ug-boots phil spector the music producer who created the legendary wall; of sound is on trial here in, los angeles. he is not expected to testify in the murder trial and he almost never talks to the media but just weeks before the incident he spoke candidly to a journalist. about his mental... | You, are wearing those purple ug-boots Phil. Spector, the. music producer who created the legendary, wall. of sound is on trial here in Los Angeles He is not expected to testify, in the murder trial and he almost never talks to the media But just weeks before the incident he spoke candidly to a journalist about his men... | you are wearing those purple ug-boots. phil spector, the music producer who created the legendary wall of sound, is on trial here in los angeles. he is not expected to testify in the murder trial and he almost never talks to the media. but just weeks before the incident, he spoke candidly to a journalist about his ment... |
And to their credit - Nancy Pelosi, Harry Reid, the Democratic leadership - they sure did not like the plan that we were proposing to Boehner. But they were at least willing to engage in a conversation because they understood how important it is for us to actually solve this problem. And so far, I have not seen the cap... | and to, their credit - nancy pelosi harry reid the democratic leadership - they sure did not like the plan that we were, proposing to boehner but they were at least willing. to engage in a conversation because they understood how important it is for us to actually solve. this problem and so far i have not seen the capa... | And to their credit - Nancy Pelosi Harry Reid the Democratic leadership; - they sure did not like the plan that we were proposing to Boehner But they were; at least willing to engage in a conversation because they understood how important it is for us to actually solve this problem And. so far I have not seen the capac... | and to their credit - nancy pelosi, harry reid, the democratic leadership - they sure did not like the plan that we were proposing to boehner. but they were at least willing to engage in a conversation because they understood how important it is for us to actually solve this problem. and so far, i have not seen the cap... |
White House aides say the Republicans added their own last-minute demand. They wanted to use the individual mandate in the new health care law as a forcing mechanism. So, if the desired spending cuts did not materialize, the mandate would go away. All of that is now off the table as lawmakers try to tackle the immediat... | white, house aides say the republicans added their own last-minute demand they wanted to use the individual mandate in the new health care law as a forcing mechanism so if the desired spending cuts did not, materialize the. mandate would, go away all of that is now off the table as lawmakers try to tackle the immediate... | White House, aides say the Republicans added their own, last-minute demand They wanted to use. the, individual mandate in the new health care law as a. forcing mechanism So if the desired spending cuts did not materialize the mandate would go away All of that is now off the table as lawmakers. try to. tackle the immedi... | white house aides say the republicans added their own last-minute demand. they wanted to use the individual mandate in the new health care law as a forcing mechanism. so, if the desired spending cuts did not materialize, the mandate would go away. all of that is now off the table as lawmakers try to tackle the immediat... |
I think it's very important that the leadership understands that Wall Street will be opening Monday and we better have some answers during the course of the next several days. | i; think, it's very important that the leadership understands that wall street will be opening monday and we better have. some answers during the course of the next several | I think it's very important. that the leadership understands that Wall Street, will be; opening Monday. and we better have some answers. during the course of the next several | i think it's very important that the leadership understands that wall street will be opening monday and we better have some answers during the course of the next several days. |
Mr. Obama still holds out a slim hope for a bigger deficit cutting compromise. But as he bluntly warned last night, we've now run out of time. Scott Horsley, NPR News, the White House. | mr obama still holds out a slim hope for a bigger deficit cutting compromise but as he bluntly warned last night we've now run out of time scott horsley npr news the white | Mr Obama still holds out a slim hope for a bigger deficit cutting compromise But as he bluntly warned last night. we've now run out of time Scott Horsley NPR. News the White | mr. obama still holds out a slim hope for a bigger deficit cutting compromise. but as he bluntly warned last night, we've now run out of time. scott horsley, npr news, the white house. |
Teachers are protesting in the state capitols of Oklahoma and Kentucky, as heard here. | teachers are protesting in the state, capitols of oklahoma and kentucky as heard. | Teachers are protesting in the state capitols of Oklahoma and Kentucky as heard | teachers are protesting in the state capitols of oklahoma and kentucky, as heard here. |
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING) | (soundbite of archived. | (SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED | (soundbite of archived recording) |
(Singing) We're not going to take it anymore. | (singing) we're not going to take it | (Singing) We're not going to take it | (singing) we're not going to take it anymore. |
The teachers went to pressure lawmakers about what they say are unfair changes to their pensions. They're hoping to build on the success of educators in West Virginia who walked off the job for nine days starting in February and got the pay raise they wanted. Amanda Carter teaches middle school in Rowan County. She tol... | the teachers went to pressure lawmakers about what they say are, unfair changes to their pensions they're hoping to build on the success of. educators in; west virginia who, walked off the job for nine days starting in february and got, the pay raise they wanted amanda carter teaches middle school in rowan county she t... | The. teachers went to; pressure lawmakers about what they say are unfair, changes to their pensions They're hoping to build, on the success of educators in West Virginia who walked off. the job for nine days starting in February and, got the pay raise they wanted Amanda Carter teaches middle, school in Rowan; County Sh... | the teachers went to pressure lawmakers about what they say are unfair changes to their pensions. they're hoping to build on the success of educators in west virginia who walked off the job for nine days starting in february and got the pay raise they wanted. amanda carter teaches middle school in rowan county. she tol... |
I love my state, but right now I feel like they're kind of abandoning us or they don't care about education. | i love my state but right now i feel like they're kind of abandoning us or they don't care about | I love my state but right now I feel like they're kind of abandoning us or they don't care about | i love my state, but right now i feel like they're kind of abandoning us or they don't care about education. |
In Oklahoma today there was a similar scene as tens of thousands of teachers there walked off the job and rallied at the state Capitol. They got a pay raise last week, but they want more, as StateImpact Oklahoma's Emily Wendler reports. | in, oklahoma today there was a similar scene as tens of thousands, of teachers there walked. off the job and rallied at the state capitol they got a pay raise last week but they want more; as stateimpact oklahoma's emily wendler | In, Oklahoma today there was a similar scene, as tens of thousands of teachers there walked off the job and rallied at the state Capitol They, got a pay raise. last week but they want more as StateImpact Oklahoma's Emily Wendler | in oklahoma today there was a similar scene as tens of thousands of teachers there walked off the job and rallied at the state capitol. they got a pay raise last week, but they want more, as stateimpact oklahoma's emily wendler reports. |
The state Capitol in Oklahoma was packed inside and out today. Teachers clutched signs saying funding now or pay back in November and straight out of funding. Barbara Crisp is an elementary reading specialist for Tulsa Public Schools. She had a sign around her neck with a big picture of empty bookshelves. She says that... | the state capitol. in. oklahoma was packed inside and out today teachers clutched signs. saying funding now or. pay back in november and straight, out of funding. barbara crisp is an elementary reading specialist for tulsa public schools she had a sign around her neck with a big, picture of, empty bookshelves she says ... | The state Capitol in Oklahoma was packed inside and out today Teachers clutched signs saying funding now or pay, back in November and straight out of funding Barbara. Crisp, is an elementary reading, specialist. for Tulsa Public Schools She had a sign around her neck with a big. picture of empty bookshelves She says th... | the state capitol in oklahoma was packed inside and out today. teachers clutched signs saying funding now or pay back in november and straight out of funding. barbara crisp is an elementary reading specialist for tulsa public schools. she had a sign around her neck with a big picture of empty bookshelves. she says that... |
That's what kind of reading resource room I was given. And through community donations and personal finances we were able to get all those books for it so our learners had books to read with. | that's. what kind. of, reading resource room i was. given and through community donations and personal finances we were able to get all those books for it so our learners had books. to read. | That's what. kind. of reading resource room I, was. given And through community donations and personal finances we, were able to get all those books for it so our learners had books to read | that's what kind of reading resource room i was given. and through community donations and personal finances we were able to get all those books for it so our learners had books to read with. |
Crisp says that's why she's at the Oklahoma Capitol today - to ask lawmakers for more funding for her classroom and all the other ones in the state. | crisp says that's why she's at the oklahoma capitol today - to ask lawmakers for more funding for her classroom and all the other ones in the | Crisp says that's. why she's at, the Oklahoma Capitol today, - to ask lawmakers for more funding for her classroom and all the other ones in the | crisp says that's why she's at the oklahoma capitol today - to ask lawmakers for more funding for her classroom and all the other ones in the state. |
It's about making sure I don't need these kind of donations to get reading resources and classroom resources for our education system. | it's about making sure i don't need these kind of donations to get reading resources and classroom resources for our education | It's about making sure I don't need these kind of donations to get reading resources and classroom resources. for. our education | it's about making sure i don't need these kind of donations to get reading resources and classroom resources for our education system. |
Crisp appreciates the raise that lawmakers approved week but said it wasn't fair. She says it's not fair she got a raise, but there was no extra funding for schools to help students. Christina Wertz is a fourth grade teacher in Bixby, Okla. | crisp appreciates the raise that lawmakers approved week but said it. wasn't. fair she says it's not fair she got a raise but there was no extra funding for. schools to help students christina wertz is a fourth grade. teacher in bixby | Crisp appreciates the raise that lawmakers approved week but said; it wasn't, fair She, says. it's not fair she got a raise. but there was no extra funding for schools to help students Christina Wertz is a fourth grade. teacher in Bixby | crisp appreciates the raise that lawmakers approved week but said it wasn't fair. she says it's not fair she got a raise, but there was no extra funding for schools to help students. christina wertz is a fourth grade teacher in bixby, okla. |
I'm very grateful for our raise. But it will still be hard to keep quality teachers if our environment is challenging with large class sizes. | i'm very, grateful for, our raise but it will still, be hard to keep quality teachers if our environment is challenging with large class | I'm very grateful for our raise But it will still be hard to keep quality teachers if our environment is challenging with large class | i'm very grateful for our raise. but it will still be hard to keep quality teachers if our environment is challenging with large class sizes. |
In some classrooms, teachers say the textbooks they're forced to use are 30 years old. Others don't have enough chairs for all the kids in their class. But increasing funding for the classroom would likely require lawmakers to raise taxes, and that is something difficult to do in Oklahoma. When state lawmakers raised t... | in. some classrooms teachers say the textbooks they're forced to use are 30 years old others don't have enough chairs for, all. the kids in their, class but increasing funding for the classroom would likely require, lawmakers to raise taxes, and that. is, something difficult to do in oklahoma when; state lawmakers rais... | In some classrooms teachers say the textbooks they're forced to use are 30 years old Others, don't have enough chairs for all the kids in their class But increasing funding for the classroom would likely require lawmakers to raise taxes and, that is something difficult to do in Oklahoma When state lawmakers raised taxe... | in some classrooms, teachers say the textbooks they're forced to use are 30 years old. others don't have enough chairs for all the kids in their class. but increasing funding for the classroom would likely require lawmakers to raise taxes, and that is something difficult to do in oklahoma. when state lawmakers raised t... |
If it supports education and core services. Not if it builds more state agencies. | if it supports education and core services not if; it builds more state | If it supports education and core services Not if it builds more, state | if it supports education and core services. not if it builds more state agencies. |
Whether other conservative Republicans in the state are willing to go along is unclear. But what is clear - many teachers here today are saying they'll keep coming back to the Capitol to rally until it happens. For NPR News, I'm Emily Wendler in Oklahoma City. | whether other conservative republicans in the state are willing to go along is unclear. but what is clear - many teachers here today are saying, they'll keep coming back to the capitol; to rally until it happens for, npr news i'm emily wendler in oklahoma | Whether other conservative Republicans, in the, state are willing to go along is unclear But what is clear. - many teachers here today are saying they'll keep coming. back to the Capitol to rally until it happens For NPR News; I'm Emily Wendler in Oklahoma | whether other conservative republicans in the state are willing to go along is unclear. but what is clear - many teachers here today are saying they'll keep coming back to the capitol to rally until it happens. for npr news, i'm emily wendler in oklahoma city. |
(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC) | (soundbite. of | (SOUNDBITE OF. | (soundbite of music) |
This is DAY TO DAY. I'm Alex Chadwick. | this is day to day i'm alex | This is DAY TO DAY, I'm Alex | this is day to day. i'm alex chadwick. |
April 15th was Saturday. But the deadline to file your taxes is actually midnight tonight in most places. Some of us will get a refund. Others will be sending money to Uncle Sam. And that raised a question for the Explainer Team at the online magazine Slate. What exactly does happen to those checks we send to the U.S. ... | april 15th was saturday but the deadline to file your taxes is actually midnight. tonight; in; most places, some of us will get a refund others will be sending money to uncle sam and that raised a question for the explainer team at, the online magazine slate, what exactly does happen. to those checks we send to the u.s... | April 15th was Saturday. But the deadline. to file your taxes is actually midnight tonight in most places. Some of us will get a refund Others will be sending money to Uncle Sam And that raised a question for the Explainer Team. at the online magazine Slate What exactly. does happen to those. checks we send, to the U.S... | april 15th was saturday. but the deadline to file your taxes is actually midnight tonight in most places. some of us will get a refund. others will be sending money to uncle sam. and that raised a question for the explainer team at the online magazine slate. what exactly does happen to those checks we send to the u.s. ... |
Here with the answer is Slate's Andy Bowers. | here with the answer is slate's andy | Here with the answer is Slate's Andy | here with the answer is slate's andy bowers. |
The money ends up in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. But it makes a few pit stops along the way, depending on whether you pay with a paper check or electronically. Taxpayers who owe money are instructed to send their tax forms and their check or money order to an Internal Revenue Service center. | the money ends up in the federal reserve bank of new york but it makes a few pit stops along the way depending on, whether, you pay with a paper check or electronically taxpayers, who owe money are instructed to send their tax forms and their check or money order to an internal revenue service | The. money ends up in the Federal Reserve Bank; of, New York But it makes a few pit stops along the way depending on whether you pay with a paper check or electronically, Taxpayers who; owe money. are instructed to. send their tax, forms and their check. or money order to an Internal Revenue, Service | the money ends up in the federal reserve bank of new york. but it makes a few pit stops along the way, depending on whether you pay with a paper check or electronically. taxpayers who owe money are instructed to send their tax forms and their check or money order to an internal revenue service center. |
If you pay with paper, your payment goes from the post office or service center to what's called a lock box bank, essentially, the equivalent of a really expensive P.O. box. Lock box banks are often used to process high volume mail, such as utility payments, and they're outfitted with equipment that allows for high-spe... | if you pay with paper your payment, goes from the post office or service center, to what's called a lock box bank essentially the equivalent of a really expensive p.o, box lock box banks are. often used to process high volume mail such as utility payments, and they're outfitted with equipment that. allows for high-spee... | If you pay with paper your, payment goes from the post office or service center to; what's called a. lock box bank essentially the equivalent of a really expensive P.O box; Lock box banks are often used to. process high volume mail such, as utility payments and they're outfitted with equipment that allows for high-spee... | if you pay with paper, your payment goes from the post office or service center to what's called a lock box bank, essentially, the equivalent of a really expensive p.o. box. lock box banks are often used to process high volume mail, such as utility payments, and they're outfitted with equipment that allows for high-spe... |
The system works differently for electronic filers. Once you provide your bank information to the IRS, what's called the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System transfers the money you owe, from your account, directly into the government. The IRS does not take American Express, or Visa, or any other credit card either. B... | the system works differently for, electronic filers once, you provide your bank information to the irs what's called, the, electronic federal tax payment system transfers the money you owe from your account directly into the, government the, irs does not take; american express or visa or, any other; credit card either ... | The system works differently for electronic, filers Once you provide your bank information to the IRS what's called the Electronic Federal, Tax Payment System transfers the money you owe from your account directly into the government The IRS does. not take American. Express or Visa or any other credit card either But t... | the system works differently for electronic filers. once you provide your bank information to the irs, what's called the electronic federal tax payment system transfers the money you owe, from your account, directly into the government. the irs does not take american express, or visa, or any other credit card either. b... |
Andy Bowers is a Slate senior editor. And that Explainer was compiled by Melonyce McAfee. | andy bowers is. a slate senior editor and that explainer, was compiled by melonyce | Andy Bowers. is a Slate senior editor And that Explainer was compiled by Melonyce, | andy bowers is a slate senior editor. and that explainer was compiled by melonyce mcafee. |
If I may say, that idea of portability is very important. That's extremely valuable. | if, i may say. that idea of portability is very important that's extremely | If I may say that idea of portability is very important That's extremely | if i may say, that idea of portability is very important. that's extremely valuable. |
American diplomats at the U.N. have called Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann crazy and bizarre, and that's what they've said on the record. It's not the way they normally talk about a president of the United Nations General Assembly. But Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann is no ordinary diplomat. He's an unapologetic leftist, a Catholi... | american diplomats at the u.n have called miguel d'escoto brockmann crazy and bizarre and that's what they've said on the record it's not the way they normally talk about a president of the united nations general, assembly but miguel; d'escoto brockmann is no ordinary diplomat he's an unapologetic leftist a catholic pr... | American, diplomats at the U.N have called, Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann crazy and bizarre and that's what they've said on the record It's not the way they normally talk about a president of the United Nations General Assembly But Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann is no ordinary diplomat He's. an unapologetic leftist a Catholic p... | american diplomats at the u.n. have called miguel d'escoto brockmann crazy and bizarre, and that's what they've said on the record. it's not the way they normally talk about a president of the united nations general assembly. but miguel d'escoto brockmann is no ordinary diplomat. he's an unapologetic leftist, a catholi... |
In a few weeks, his one-year term comes to an end, and he's going out with a bang. D'Escoto is causing a stir over how the U.N. should respond to genocide. World leaders have already endorsed a concept known as the responsibility to protect, an idea that calls for humanitarian intervention. But D'Escoto calls it neo-im... | in a few weeks his one-year term comes to an end. and he's going out with a bang d'escoto is causing a, stir over how, the u.n. should respond to, genocide world leaders have already endorsed a concept known as the; responsibility to protect an idea. that calls for humanitarian intervention but d'escoto calls it | In a few weeks his one-year, term comes. to an end and he's going out with a bang D'Escoto is causing a stir over how the U.N, should respond to. genocide, World, leaders have already; endorsed a concept known as the responsibility to protect an idea that calls, for humanitarian intervention But D'Escoto calls it, | in a few weeks, his one-year term comes to an end, and he's going out with a bang. d'escoto is causing a stir over how the u.n. should respond to genocide. world leaders have already endorsed a concept known as the responsibility to protect, an idea that calls for humanitarian intervention. but d'escoto calls it neo-im... |
Reverend MIGUEL D'ESCOTO BROCKMANN (President, United Nations General Assembly): The noble idea behind it is unquestionable. It is evident that we should not stand by while we watch our fellow human beings tortured, being slaughtered. We should act. | reverend miguel d'escoto brockmann (president united nations general assembly): the noble, idea; behind; it is unquestionable it is evident that. we should not stand, by while we watch our fellow human. beings, tortured being slaughtered we, should | Reverend MIGUEL D'ESCOTO BROCKMANN (President United Nations General Assembly): The noble idea behind it. is unquestionable It is evident that we, should not stand by while we watch our fellow human beings tortured being slaughtered We. should | reverend miguel d'escoto brockmann (president, united nations general assembly): the noble idea behind it is unquestionable. it is evident that we should not stand by while we watch our fellow human beings tortured, being slaughtered. we should act. |
The problem is that even the loftiest kinds of resolutions have a record of being abused. You know, since I'm a little boy, I remember hearing, as a pretext for American intervention, not only in my country but in other countries of the area, always that they were protecting someone or something. | the problem is that, even the loftiest kinds of resolutions have a record of being abused you know; since i'm a, little boy i remember hearing as a pretext for american intervention not only in my country but in other countries of the area; always that they were protecting someone or | The. problem is that. even the loftiest kinds of resolutions have a record of being abused You know since I'm a little boy I remember hearing as a pretext for American intervention not only in, my country but in other, countries of the; area always that they were protecting someone or | the problem is that even the loftiest kinds of resolutions have a record of being abused. you know, since i'm a little boy, i remember hearing, as a pretext for american intervention, not only in my country but in other countries of the area, always that they were protecting someone or something. |
We have a responsibility to protect, and that must begin with a responsibility not to harm. | we have a responsibility to protect and that must begin with a responsibility not to | We. have, a responsibility to protect and that must begin with a responsibility not, to | we have a responsibility to protect, and that must begin with a responsibility not to harm. |
Can you ever imagine a situation where military intervention would be necessary to stop genocide? | can, you ever imagine, a situation, where military, intervention would be necessary to stop | Can you ever imagine a situation where military intervention would be necessary to stop | can you ever imagine a situation where military intervention would be necessary to stop genocide? |
It depends what kind of intervention. But certainly, the case of Rwanda, for example, they know it was not the absence of a law. They had every right to intervene. They just didn't want to intervene. Those who are now advising deep concern with the need to act, why didn't they act in Rwanda? If you're going to make law... | it depends what kind of intervention but certainly the; case of rwanda for example they know it was not the absence of a law they had every right to intervene they just didn't want to intervene those who. are now advising deep concern with the need to act why didn't they act in rwanda? if, you're going to make law you'... | It depends what. kind of intervention But certainly the, case of, Rwanda for example. they know it was not the, absence of a law They had every right, to intervene They just didn't want, to intervene. Those who are now advising deep concern with the need to, act why didn't they act in Rwanda? If you're going to make la... | it depends what kind of intervention. but certainly, the case of rwanda, for example, they know it was not the absence of a law. they had every right to intervene. they just didn't want to intervene. those who are now advising deep concern with the need to act, why didn't they act in rwanda? if you're going to make law... |
You have also said that the Iranian president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has been unfairly demonized, as you say. I want to play a clip from a recent press conference you held. | you have also said that the iranian president. mahmoud ahmadinejad has been unfairly demonized as you say i want to play a clip from a, recent press conference you | You have also said that the Iranian president Mahmoud, Ahmadinejad has been unfairly demonized as you say I want to play a clip from a recent press conference you | you have also said that the iranian president, mahmoud ahmadinejad, has been unfairly demonized, as you say. i want to play a clip from a recent press conference you held. |
(Soundbite of press conference) | (soundbite of press | (Soundbite of press | (soundbite of press conference) |
I don't think anyone can doubt that in our part of the world, concretely here, the image of Ahmadinejad, Ahmadinejad has been demonized. | i don't think anyone can doubt that in our part of the world concretely. here the image of ahmadinejad ahmadinejad has been | I don't think anyone can doubt that in our part of the world concretely here the image of Ahmadinejad Ahmadinejad has been | i don't think anyone can doubt that in our part of the world, concretely here, the image of ahmadinejad, ahmadinejad has been demonized. |
Father d'Escoto, do you believe that criticism of President Ahmadinejad, you know, over his comments, for example, denying the Holocaust or even more recently, the way he has condemned peaceful demonstrators on the streets of Tehran, do you think that there is at least some validity to the criticism of him? | father d'escoto do you believe that criticism of president ahmadinejad, you know over his comments for example denying the holocaust or, even more recently the way. he has condemned peaceful demonstrators on the, streets of tehran do you think that there. is at least some validity. to the. criticism of | Father, d'Escoto do you believe that criticism of President Ahmadinejad you know over his comments. for example denying the Holocaust or even more recently the way he has condemned peaceful demonstrators on the streets of Tehran do. you think, that there is at least some validity to the criticism of | father d'escoto, do you believe that criticism of president ahmadinejad, you know, over his comments, for example, denying the holocaust or even more recently, the way he has condemned peaceful demonstrators on the streets of tehran, do you think that there is at least some validity to the criticism of him? |
There's no leader in the world that is beyond the possibility of criticism. I just called attention to the fact that we, here, I said in the West, have an inclination to demonize certain people in order to prepare psychologically people to take what the United States decides to do after. | there's no leader in the world that is beyond the possibility of criticism i just called attention to the fact that we here i said in, the west have an inclination, to demonize certain. people in order to prepare psychologically people to take what the united states decides to do | There's no leader in the world that is beyond the possibility of criticism I just called attention to the fact that we here I said in the West have an inclination, to, demonize certain people in order to prepare psychologically people to take what the United States decides to do | there's no leader in the world that is beyond the possibility of criticism. i just called attention to the fact that we, here, i said in the west, have an inclination to demonize certain people in order to prepare psychologically people to take what the united states decides to do after. |
Mm-hmm. So you believe that - the criticism of Mr. Ahmadinejad is designed to prepare the public either… | mm-hmm. so you believe that - the criticism of mr ahmadinejad is designed to prepare the public | Mm-hmm So, you believe that - the criticism of Mr Ahmadinejad is designed to prepare the public | mm-hmm. so you believe that - the criticism of mr. ahmadinejad is designed to prepare the public either… |
No. No, I wasn't saying that. But I'm just saying be careful about this idea of demonization. | no no i wasn't saying that but i'm just saying be careful about, this idea of | No No I wasn't saying; that But. I'm just saying be careful about this idea of | no. no, i wasn't saying that. but i'm just saying be careful about this idea of demonization. |
He's been quoted as calling for the elimination of the state of Israel. Are you uncomfortable with those comments? | he's been quoted as calling for the, elimination of the, state of israel are you uncomfortable with those | He's been quoted as calling for the elimination of the state of Israel Are you uncomfortable with those. | he's been quoted as calling for the elimination of the state of israel. are you uncomfortable with those comments? |
Yeah. Of course I am. And you have similar kinds of horrible things that make me uncomfortable from many other places, yes. | yeah of course i am and you have similar kinds of horrible things that make me uncomfortable from many other places | Yeah Of course. I am And you have similar kinds of horrible things that make me uncomfortable from many other places | yeah. of course i am. and you have similar kinds of horrible things that make me uncomfortable from many other places, yes. |
Let me ask you one final question before we let you go. Your term as president of the General Assembly will come to an end soon. Do you think, overall in the past year, you have achieved a greater role or a more powerful voice for the General Assembly, or do you think, as some of your critics have pointed out, you've a... | let me. ask you one final question before we let you go your term, as president, of the general assembly will come to an. end soon do you think overall in the past year you have achieved a greater role or a. more powerful voice for the general assembly or do you think as some of your critics have pointed out you've ant... | Let me ask you one final question before we let you go Your, term as president. of the General Assembly will, come. to an end soon, Do you think overall in the past year you have achieved a greater role or, a more powerful voice for the General Assembly or; do you think as some of. your critics have pointed out you've ... | let me ask you one final question before we let you go. your term as president of the general assembly will come to an end soon. do you think, overall in the past year, you have achieved a greater role or a more powerful voice for the general assembly, or do you think, as some of your critics have pointed out, you've a... |
I don't know how they can say that, especially in view of just one thing; the outcome document of the conference that empowers the General Assembly to participate in the discussion of the creation of a financial and economic architecture. | i don't. know how they can say that especially in view of, just one thing the outcome document of the conference that empowers the general assembly to participate in the discussion of the creation of a financial, and economic | I don't know, how they can, say that especially in. view of just one thing the outcome document of the conference that empowers the General Assembly to participate in the discussion of the creation of a. financial, and economic. | i don't know how they can say that, especially in view of just one thing; the outcome document of the conference that empowers the general assembly to participate in the discussion of the creation of a financial and economic architecture. |
So now the United Nations General Assembly can at least look into the sources of the global financial crisis. | so now the united, nations general assembly can at least look into the sources of. the global financial | So now the United Nations, General Assembly can. at least look into the sources. of the global financial | so now the united nations general assembly can at least look into the sources of the global financial crisis. |
This is perhaps the most important step by the General Assembly in many, many decades. I think the General Assembly is coming alive now. I didn't come here really to try to please anyone but to try to do what I think are the demands for peace and justice in the world. | this is perhaps. the most important step by the general assembly, in many many decades i think the general assembly is coming, alive now i didn't come here really to try to please anyone but to try to do what i think are the, demands for peace and justice, in the | This is perhaps the most important step by the General Assembly in many, many decades I think the General Assembly is coming alive now I. didn't come here really to try to please anyone but to try to do what I think are the demands for peace, and justice in the | this is perhaps the most important step by the general assembly in many, many decades. i think the general assembly is coming alive now. i didn't come here really to try to please anyone but to try to do what i think are the demands for peace and justice in the world. |
Father Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann is the outgoing president of the U.N. General Assembly. President d'Escoto, thanks so much. | father miguel d'escoto brockmann is the, outgoing president of the u.n general assembly president d'escoto; thanks so | Father, Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann is, the outgoing president of the U.N General Assembly President d'Escoto thanks so | father miguel d'escoto brockmann is the outgoing president of the u.n. general assembly. president d'escoto, thanks so much. |
Thank you for having me, Guy. | thank you for having me | Thank you for having me | thank you for having me, guy. |
Today is frigid and snowy in New York City. But as usual, that hasn't stopped the crowds from gathering in Times Square to watch the ball drop at midnight. The giant sphere has been marking the transition to the New Year for more than 100 years. Come January, it's usually packed away in its crate. But as NPR's Robe... | today is frigid and snowy in new york city but as usual that hasn't stopped the crowds from. gathering in times. square to watch the ball drop at midnight the giant sphere. has been marking the transition to the new year for more than 100 years come january it's usually packed away in its crate but as npr's. robert... | Today is frigid and snowy in, New York City But as usual that hasn't stopped the crowds from gathering in Times. Square to watch the ball drop at, midnight The giant sphere has been marking the transition to the New Year for more than 100 years, Come January it's usually packed away in its crate But as NPR's Robert... | today is frigid and snowy in new york city. but as usual, that hasn't stopped the crowds from gathering in times square to watch the ball drop at midnight. the giant sphere has been marking the transition to the new year for more than 100 years. come january, it's usually packed away in its crate. but as npr's robe... |
(Soundbite of people talking) | (soundbite, of people | (Soundbite of; people | (soundbite of people talking) |
At the visitor center in Times Square, they hear the same question all year long. | at the. visitor center in times square; they hear the same question all year | At the visitor. center in, Times Square they hear the same question all year | at the visitor center in times square, they hear the same question all year long. |
Because a billion people watch it on TV, they come and they look for the ball, they want to find out what building the ball drops from. | because a billion people watch it on tv they come and they look for the ball they want to find out what building the ball drops | Because a billion people watch it on TV they come, and they. look for the ball. they. want to find out what, building the ball drops | because a billion people watch it on tv, they come and they look for the ball, they want to find out what building the ball drops from. |
Rather than disappoint the crowds, Tim Tompkins of the Times Square Alliance thought, why not keep the ball up and lit all the time? | rather than disappoint the crowds tim tompkins of, the. times square, alliance. thought why not keep the; ball up and, lit all the | Rather than disappoint the. crowds Tim Tompkins of the Times Square Alliance thought why not, keep the ball up and lit all the | rather than disappoint the crowds, tim tompkins of the times square alliance thought, why not keep the ball up and lit all the time? |
I think it's just - it sort of completes the pilgrimage to have it here. | i think it's just - it sort of completes the pilgrimage to have it | I think it's just - it sort of completes the pilgrimage to have, it | i think it's just - it sort of completes the pilgrimage to have it here. |
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