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1 | Climate change's causes and dangers are no longer subject to serious doubt. Modern science is “unequivocal that human influence”—in particular, the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide—“has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land.” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Sixth Assessment Report, The Physic... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The Navy’s own EA predicted substantial and irreparable harm to marine mammals. Sonar is linked to mass strandings of marine mammals, hemorrhaging around the brain and ears, acute spongiotic changes in the central nervous system, and lesions in vital organs. E.g., App. 600–602; 360–362; 478–479. As the Ninth Circuit no... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Within those totals, the EA predicts 436 Level A harassments of Cuvier’s beaked whales, of which, according to NOAA, as few as 1,121 may exist in California, Oregon and Washington combined. Likewise, the EA predicts 1,092 Level B harassments of bottlenose dolphins, of which only 5,271 may exist in the California Coasta... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The harms associated with climate change are serious and well recognized. Indeed, the NRC Report itself—which EPA regards as an “objective and independent assessment of the relevant science,” 68 Fed.Reg. 52930—identifies a number of environmental changes that have already inflicted significant harms, including “the glo... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | As to “actual” injury, the Court observes that “global sea levels rose somewhere between 10 and 20 centimeters over the 20th century as a result of global warming” and that “[t]hese rising seas have already begun to swallow Massachusetts' coastal land.” Ante, at 1456. But none of petitioners' declarations supports that... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Finally, our examination of the record also reveals ample support for the Administrator's determination that lead-induced central nervous system deficits begin to occur in children at blood lead levels of 50 ug Pb/dl. The central nervous system damage about which the Administrator was concerned was not the severe brain... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The conclusion it reached, after a detailed review of various studies that have examined the subject, was that: (The) evidence tends to confirm that some type of neural damage does exist in asymptomatic children, and not necessarily only at very high level of blood lead. The body of studies on low- or moderate-level le... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The Criteria Document reported that the blood lead levels associated with these neurobehavioral deficits are 50-60 ug Pb/dl. Id. These conclusions were endorsed by several of the experts who participated in the lead standards rulemaking proceedings, including one of LIA's experts.70 Some of these experts even suggested... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Byssinosis, known in its more severe manifestations as 'brown lung' disease, is a serious and potentially disabling respiratory disease primarily caused by the inhalation of cotton dust. See 43 Fed.Reg. 27352-27354 (1978); Exhibit 6-16, App. 15-22. Byssinosis is a 'continuum . . . disease,' 43 Fed.Reg. 27354, col. 2 (1... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The evidence presented on these points was extensive and complex. Hearings on a motion for a preliminary injunction were consolidated with the trial on the merits and during the nine-month period of 139 days of trial, the trial court heard more than 100 witnesses and received over 1,600 exhibits. The parties introduced... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The Early Winters Study made clear that on-site effects of the development will be minimal and will be easily mitigated. For example, the Study reported that “[i]mpacts from construction, maintenance and operation of the proposed ‘hill’ development on National Forest land will not have a measurable effect on existing o... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Petitioners allege that this only hints at the environmental damage yet to come. According to the climate scientist Michael MacCracken, “qualified scientific experts involved in climate change research” have reached a “strong consensus” that global warming threatens (among other things) a precipitate rise in sea levels... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | And reducing domestic automobile emissions is hardly a tentative step. Even leaving aside the other greenhouse gases, the United States transportation sector emits an enormous quantity of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere—according to the MacCracken affidavit, more than 1.7 billion metric tons in 1999 alone. ¶ 30, Std... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | In sum—at least according to petitioners' uncontested affidavits—the rise in sea levels associated with global warming has already harmed and will continue to harm Massachusetts. The risk of catastrophic harm, though remote, is nevertheless real. That risk would be reduced to some extent if petitioners received the rel... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Finally, upwind pollutants that find their way downwind are not left unaltered by the journey. Rather, as the gases emitted by upwind polluters are carried downwind, they are transformed, through various chemical processes, into altogether different pollutants. The offending gases at issue in these cases—nitrogen oxide... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | The plaintiffs have compiled an extensive record, which at this stage in the litigation we take in the light most favorable to their claims. See Plumhoff v. Rickard, 572 U.S. 765, 768, 134 S.Ct. 2012, 188 L.Ed.2d 1056 (2014). The record leaves little basis for denying that climate change is occurring at an increasingly... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Copious expert evidence establishes that this unprecedented rise stems from fossil fuel combustion and will wreak havoc on the Earth's climate if unchecked. Temperatures have already risen 0.9 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and may rise more than 6 degrees Celsius by the end of the century. The hottest yea... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | Significantly for the issue before us, biogenic carbon dioxide has a “unique role and impact ... in the carbon cycle.” Deferral Rule, 76 Fed.Reg. at 43,496. “Through relatively rapid photosynthesis, plants absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and add it to their biomass, which contains roughly 50% carbon by weight, through a... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
1 | In this case, there is no dispute that the five oil refineries in Washington—BP Cherry Point, ConocoPhillips, Shell Oil, Tesoro, and U.S. Oil (collectively, Oil Refineries)—emit greenhouse gases. They are each members of Intervenor–Defendant WSPA, a non-profit trade association that represents the interests of the petr... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
0 | In its complaint, plaintiff alleged that Amendment 12 to the Bighorn Forest Plan (the mechanism by which the HPP was implemented) was a defacto change in the designation of lands within the Area of Consultation which were previously designated as suitable for wood fiber production (ie., logging). Plaintiff alleged, and... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
0 | Petitioners claim that the Administrator’s goal of approximating natural conditions is manifestly contrary to the intent of Congress, as expressed in the CWA and SMCRA, and that by redefining the goal for effluent reductions from mining operations in the west, the Administrator has replaced the CWA’s goal of “eliminati... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
0 | We also agree with the district court that the plain language of the statute makes the vote taken by the Board voidable rather than void, and leaves discretion whether to uphold such actions to the courts. 736 F.Supp. at 367. Furthermore, taking the allegations in the complaint as true, we agree with the district court... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
0 | The National Trust for Historic Preservation in its amicus brief contends that section 470f of the National Historic Preservation Act, 16 U.S.C. § 470 et seq., applies to the Boise project. The National Trust contends that WATCH (Waterbury Action, etc.) v. Harris, 603 F.2d 310 (2d Cir. 1979), requires HUD to comply wit... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
0 | Although the Coalition’s NEPA claims are not barred by laches, neither the conversion from urban renewal funds to CDBG funds in 1979, nor HUD regulations applicable to that conversion, nor the planned destruction of a building included on the National Register requires an EIS for the Boise project. Preparation of an en... | The following paragraph is drawn from a judicial opinion. Please determine if scientific reasoning is involved by listing 1(if it is present) or 0(if not present). Scientific reasoning is defined as when considerations such as scientific support for environmental decisions, or scientific basis for standing influence th... |
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