Split (3)

train · 218k rows

question stringlengths 1 296	answers listlengths 1 279	ctxs listlengths 30 30
Why "crazy people" have that distinctive look to their eyes	[ "In many psychotic individuals, the wide eyed look is because of their intense anxiety levels. It's more than just the eyes though. In someone psychotically agitated, you'll see facial grimacing and body postures indicating stress or aggression as well.\n\nThe scariest patients are the ones that have a flat affec...	[ "cultural backgrounds who were shown a series of faces and asked to sort them into piles in which every face showed the same emotion. Fixation on different features of the face leads to disparate reading of emotions. Asians' focus on the eyes lead to the perception of startled faces as surprise rather than fear. ...
The NASA twin study. I know what it is. Just explain their findings. Like I'm 5. Years old. Thanks.	[ "There are a lot of effects on the human body from being in space. Micro gravity affects your muscles and bones, there are weird particles that pass through your body (including your eyes and brain, which cause [strange flashes](_URL_0_)). It's hard to study the long-term effects of being in space, though, because ...	[ "2018, some 10,000 pages had been released but were heavily redacted and inconclusive.\nThe Neubauer study differed from most twins studies in that it followed the twins from infancy. However, the debate about whether nature or nurture has a greater impact on human development continues. The documentary Three Ident...
What is the point of money?	[ "It helps to understand the barter system. \n\nBefore we had money, you would travel to a central trading post a few times a year to get things you couldn't make yourself. You would haul things with you to trade - maybe a stack of animal pelts, or jars of jam, or sacks of wheat flour. You would negotiate with th...	[ "In the words of Francis Amasa Walker, a well-known 19th-century economist, \"Money is what money does\" (\"Money is that money does\" in the original).\nAs a medium of exchange, money facilitates trade. It is essentially a measure of value and more importantly, a store of value being a basis for credit creation. I...
Why does charge build up in a cloud?	[ "Bits of dust stick to the water or float through the air. The dust and water rubs against each other and every time they do, some electrons get passed from one to the other. Then the particles wander off again before the electrons get passed back. This goes on enough, and tons of electrons get thrown around u...	[ "charged particle (for example, an alpha or beta particle) interacts with the mixture, the fluid is ionized. The resulting ions act as condensation nuclei, around which a mist will form (because the mixture is on the point of condensation). Cloud seeding, a form of weather modification, is the attempt to change the...
the hypothetical turtle on an island in the sun question?	[ "I think what you are taking about is a test from the book \"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep\" on which the film \"Blade Runner\" was based.\n\nIf so, the test aims to distinguish humans from androids ('replicants') through their emotional response to questions requiring empathy.\n\n_URL_0_", "I've met a fe...	[ "of a turtle (or honu) can be found on The Big Island of Hawaii in the Pu'u Loa lava fields. The green sea turtle (called Honu) has always held a special meaning for Hawaiians and this petroglyph shows its importance dating to possibly when the islands first became populated. The turtle symbolizes a navigator that ...
how does a home equity loan work?	[ "A home equity loan is a loan that is based off the difference between the value of the house and the current balance of the primary mortage.\n\nIf you paid $50,000 for a house that's worth $75,000, you can get $25,000 in equity loans. Subsequently, if your house was worth $75K when you bought it and it's now wo...	[ "Home equity line of credit Differences from conventional loans A HELOC differs from a conventional home equity loan in that the borrower is not advanced the entire sum up front, but uses a line of credit to borrow sums that total no more than the credit limit, similar to a credit card. HELOC funds can be borrowed ...
In English, what is the rule for the use of “An” or “A”	[ "An is used for words that start with a vowel sound.\n\nExamples,\n\nAn owl, an hour, an eight, an apple, an onion.\n\nA is used for all others.", "It has nothing to do with meaning. It has to do with how the word sounds. If a word starts with a vowel sound, you use 'an', otherwise, you use 'a'.\n\nNote this is h...	[ "letters \"ā/a\" after the root word of the verb, it has to be replaced by the letters \"e/ē\" if the statement will be politely delivered. The letter \"e\" or \"ē\" stands for \"tābî\" which means \"please\" in English, or \"po\" in Tagalog.\nExample 1: \n\n\"iyəw\" is a root word that means \"grill\". \n\n\"iyəwə...
Why do we have two small nostrils and not one larger nostril?	[ "It's usually not noticeable unless you sniff harshly, but one nostril is usually more open and free-flowing than the other. \n\nThe nostril that's closed usually swaps back and forth after several hours throughout the day. When a nostril is more closed, it's swollen, because the blood vessels inside the nose are s...	[ "short, narrow snout that comes to a squared-off beak tip. The caniniform process of the maxilla is short and directed anteriorly so that the tusks point somewhat forward as well as down, and sits entirely in front of the eyes. The upper jaw is completely toothless apart from these two tusks. The interorbital regio...
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)	[ "I stumpled across this subreddit and saw this and said, what an excellent chance for me to jump in for once.\n\nI am a network Engineer.\n\nBGP is a very, very complex routing protocol that the entire internet pretty much runs on.\n\nI don't know how familiar you are with routing protocols, but there a lot of thin...	[ "Exterior Gateway Protocol The Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is a routing protocol for the Internet originally specified in 1982 by Eric C. Rosen of Bolt, Beranek and Newman, and David L. Mills.\nExterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is a protocol for exchanging routing information between two neighbor gateway hosts (...
Why do car rims appear to be rotating backwards after a car accelerates?	[ "/r/flooey is partially correct. That is the reason wheels appear to move backwards on film. This effect can be leveraged with a stroboscope [for an odd illusion](_URL_0_) even in real life, by imitating the film effect and only allowing your eyes to see individual 'frames' in time.\n\nHowever, as you probably noti...	[ "towards the outside of the turn is actually moving rearward, with respect to the wheel's hub, faster than the rest of the contact patch, because of its greater radius from the hub. By the same reasoning, the inner portion is moving rearward more slowly. So the outer and inner portions of the contact patch slip on ...
How the heck do authorities determine who started a massive fire in the middle of the woods somewhere?	[ "The first arriving units will most often be at the fire before it gets large, so they can relay to the investigators where the fire was and how big it was when they arrived on scene. \nFires will also leave lots of clues as to how fast and hot it burned but also the direction that it came from. There are origin in...	[ "Cave Creek Complex Wildfire The Cave Creek Complex Wildfire was the third largest forest fire in the state of Arizona to date, after the Rodeo-Chediski fire and Wallow Fire. History The fire started on June 21, 2005 by a lightning strike and scorched 243,950 acres (987.2 km²).\nWithin an hour, the fire had already...
How do film/tv productions handle deaths of actors? Examples?	[ "Usually it leaves them scrambling. I know when John Ritter died they actually had to write that death into \"8 Simple Rules\".", "It depends on the situation, how much the actor has already shot, if it's an ongoing series etc. Ledger hadn't shot many scenes of Dr. Parnassus if I remember right so they put in wh...	[ "Traces of Death Film content In the first two films of the series, Damon Fox was the narrator. Darrin Ramage, who would later become the founder of Brain Damage Films, would become the host for the third, fourth and fifth volumes. Unlike Faces of Death, the footage throughout the entire films are real and are not ...
Does the Sound Increase in Real Life when Someone on Television Increases the Sound?	[ "The volume control on your laptop or speakers essentially controls the loudest volume you can get - anything that tries to be louder can be distorted. But anything quieter than that is possible.\n\nSo what might be happening in the movie is that the radio might start at a quarter of the maximum volume level. When ...	[ "is called upon to handle the most significant part of the audible sound spectrum, the region where the most fundamentals emitted by musical instruments and, most importantly, the human voice, lie. This region contains most sounds which are the most familiar to the human ear, and where discrepancies from faithful r...
What would happen if all the countries wiped all the debt incurred by and owed to each other?	[ "Not an expert in the topic but I have some knowledge\n\nDebt isn't necessarily a bad thing as it represents a flow of money. This is why the average lifestyle in America is comfortably more lavish than those of in China. This is made possible because Americans are in better position to take out large loans and pay...	[ "its debts are rescheduled until a later date. If the country is also determined to suffer from debt sustainability problems, where it lacks the long-term resources to meet its debt obligations and the amount of debt adversely affects its future ability to pay, the country is eligible for debt cancellation. Policie...
How is complimenting a woman on the street considered street harassment?	[ "Part of the issue is that like many things in life the difference between something being nice, acceptable, and annoying has to do with how often something happens. If you don't see another car on the road for an hour it can be a relief to see one, a few cars are okay, and a lot of cars results in road range. In t...	[ "traveling in different countries witness forms of street harassment that are seemingly less severe such as wolf-whistling and following and they consider those actions as ego-boosters rather than an inconvenience. In Syrian culture, some women are told that they are guilty of their experienced street harassment be...
What is fake meat made of and how do they get the texture to be so similar to real meat?	[ "Soy burgers = soy protein. (dont eat too much soy: hormone mimickers). Texture is naturally kinda 'meaty'. \n\nMyco burgers = mycelium. That's what mushrooms are grown from. They can't call em mushroom burgers, because mushrooms are the fruit the mycelium would produce. The mycelium is just a really fast reproduci...	[ "\"real stuff\" was added to it, to deceive consumers.\nEjiao is either prepared as dry gelatin or mixed with powdered oyster shell or pollen to form glue balls. It tastes sweet.\nJesuits noted that while the \"real\" ejiao has no disagreeable taste or smell, the fake product could be distinguished by its unpleasa...
Why is it sometimes hard to find something that is right in front of our eyes.	[ "Human eyes are way better at detecting moving objects than resting ones. Plus, a change in perspective may present the object in a better contrast/less obscured by other objects.", "I literally hadn't eaten toast or anything that required a toaster since moving into my home just under 2yrs ago. Recently SO and I...	[ "objects on their left or right sides (homonymous hemianopsia), or may have difficulty seeing objects on their outer visual fields (bitemporal hemianopsia) if the optic chiasm is involved. Vision may be tested by examining the visual field, or by examining the retina with an ophthalmoscope, using a process known as...
Why doesn't the body produce oil like the face does?	[ "Actually your entire body produces the oil, but since your face is usually dryer (being in the sun for example) those glands work harder, not to mention think of how much you touch your face throughout the day, transferring more oil. Sometimes, certain foods etc will kick the sebaceous glands into overdrive, that'...	[ "oil because of its high content of monounsaturated fat (mainly oleic acid) and polyphenols.)", "glands on the upper and lower eyelids that open up at the edges) produce less oil. Because oil prevents the tear film from evaporating, this change may cause dry eyes. Fat changes The distribution of adipose (fat) tis...
Dash cameras in Asia?	[ "Yeah, a lot of cars have dash cams which record the last 5 minutes, continually recording and saving whilst deleting anything older than 5 minutes old. When an accident occurs, the camera can either automatically detect something has gone wrong and continue recording beyond the 5 minute limit, or can be manually t...	[ "Sony. The 8.1-megapixel camera features 16x digital zoom, image stabilization, auto-focus, geo-tagging, smile detection, and face detection. It can also record video, with an LED for use in poor light conditions. It has a 3-axis accelerometer and built in GPS. Its CPU is 1 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon QSD8250 with its ...
Why do some people get brain freeze?	[ "As long as it doesn't touch the roof of your mouth, you won't get brain freeze." ]	[ "procedures use a process called vitrification which creates a glass-like state rather than freezing as the body is brought to low temperatures. This process reduces the risk of ice crystals damaging the cell-structure, which would be especially detrimental to cell structures in the brain, as their minute adjustmen...
Why is second day chili better?	[ "The acids in tomatoes, peppers, and onions take time to break down carbohydrates (beans) and proteins (meat). So overnight the beans and meat absorb more of the delicious spicy flavor.", "The water in the chili is a solvent, dissolving various tasty molecules from within the other ingredients, mixing them aro...	[ "are preferred by scientists as they eliminate the potential ambiguity arising from use of the words \"hot\" and \"spicy\", which can also refer to temperature and the presence of spices, respectively.\nFor instance, a pumpkin pie can be both hot (out of the oven) and spicy (due to the common inclusion of spices su...
How does the _URL_0_ door knocking audio clip do such a good job of making it sound like the audio doesn't come from your headphones?	[ "Ha, had the speakers on when I played that audio clip and the cat freaked out. Apparently that knock knock fools animals into thinking someone's at the front door too.\n\nYour brain determines the location of a sound's source by a few different factors. Namely, distortion differences between each ear, and dela...	[ "enough to completely offset the effect of a distracting concurrent activity. Theory To cancel the lower-frequency portions of the noise, noise-cancelling headphones use active noise control. They incorporate a microphone that measures ambient sound, generate a waveform that is the exact negative of the ambient sou...
Computer/TV Screen Size Pricing	[ "Easier, yes, in the sense that the assembly requires less pricise equipment. Not necessarily cheaper, though, because of the material costs.", "Pricing is determined by a few factors, including cost of materials, cost of R & D, economy of scale (meaning that the more of something you make, the cheaper each indi...	[ "anything I can think of\". BYTE stated \"If you need a solid, well-supported, well-documented business system at a reasonable price, you should give [the Osborne 1] a great deal of consideration\". The reviewer calculated that after subtracting $1530 for the retail price of the bundled software the price of the co...
If you have no sense of taste can you feel the heat/spiciness from something like a pepper?	[ "Yes. Capsaicin (the chemical responsible for the spiciness of peppers), interacts with neurons, not taste receptor (although taste receptors are similar to very specialized neurons) so they would still feel the heat" ]	[ "eye or a wound) produce a similar sensation of heat when exposed to hotness agents. Asian countries within the sphere of, mainly, Chinese, Indian, and Japanese cultural influence, often wrote of pungency as a fifth or sixth taste. Coolness Some substances activate cold trigeminal receptors even when not at low te...
Why can we only use ~0.35 volts of batteries?	[ "The notion that voltage and capacity are the same thing is where you've gone wrong. A battery will supply a certain amount of energy (usually measured in milliamp-hours^* ) over it's lifetime. But it will maintain roughly that 1.5V starting voltage for ~90% of that life. Only as it begins to die will the voltag...	[ "been able to function on a nine-volt battery. Although, it has been argued by researchers that using nine-volt batteries are not effective enough for the WAK because it does not power the device long enough and indirectly it makes the WAK less affordable when having to constantly change the batteries. Due to this,...
Why do people think Yellowstone will explode and destroy the earth, but not worry about Hawaii's volcano eruption?	[ "Imagine you're filling water balloons.\n\nOne of them has a hole that lets out the water about as fast as you are filling it. You could stand there all day and be fine. That's how Kilauea erupts.\n\nThe other one is huge. It is also intact. Eventually, it will burst and soak you. That would be a Yellowstone erupti...	[ "and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's earthquakes. The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, in Washington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains. There are several active volcanoes located in the islands of Hawaii,...
How does cutting down trees to plant other vegetation for the purpose of cultivation (such as avocado farming) contribute to global warming?	[ "When you cut down highly developed forests to replace them with cultivated land you're seriously lowering the amount of CO2 that can be absorbed.\n\nA big tree that is several decades old will take in WAY more CO2 than several seedlings that are planted to replace it. Additionally, all of the undergrowth that is i...	[ "the Eden Reforestation Projects, Hommes et Terre, and various local partners, to plant trees in 16 countries throughout the world. Ecosia says that they focus on planting trees where they are most needed: \"biodiversity hotspots\" which are areas with large numbers of unique species, and regions with poor communit...
Mattress Sizes?	[ "It's called twin because a long time ago you bought two of them, one for each person in a husband/wife partnership. You only slept together to make babies, you sinners! Then along came the Full which was meant for two people (though no room to move!). Queen was a luxury: they added 6\" in width and 5\" in leng...	[ "or memory foam. These are particularly popular in Europe, and for one business accounted for 25% of beds in Sweden in 2010 and 70% of beds in the Netherlands.\nIn the 2010s, affiliate marketing became a major part of the business model for direct-to-consumer online mattress companies such as Amerisleep. Later, com...
What happens to Lactose when ingested by Lactose-Intolerants?	[ "So, from what I've understood in the past, people who are lactose-intolerant aren't able to break down lactose. Their body doesn't produce enough lactase, which is an enzyme that breaks down lactose. So, depending on how much lactose is taken in, it usually is broken down by bacteria instead in the gut. This cause...	[ "delay, developmental verbal dyspraxia, and motor abnormalities. Galactosemic females frequently suffer from ovarian failure, regardless of treatment in the form of galactose restriction. Cause Lactose is a disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose. After the ingestion of lactose, most commonly from breast...
If Helicopters need tail rotors to stabilize themselves from spinning, how can turboprop airplanes have only one rotor and not spin in circles?	[ "On a helicopter the main rotor blades are the wings, a plane has fixed wings that use the air to resist the torque of the prop that's trying to make the plane roll (this is also why single prop driven planes roll to one side faster than they can to the other)", "Fixed wing single engine planes do have to com...	[ "Russian helicopters turn clockwise. Single main rotor With a single main rotor helicopter, the creation of torque as the engine turns the rotor creates a torque effect that causes the body of the helicopter to turn in the opposite direction of the rotor. To eliminate this effect, some sort of antitorque control mu...
What is the difference between an air-conditioner and a "marine" air conditioner (commonly used on boats)?	[ "Caveat - I mess with boats but I'm not expert or pro. In general marine equipment is made with more corrosion resistant materials,such as stainless steel. The A/C on my boat exchanges the heat in the cabin air into water that flows through the other side of the heat pump, so this is an air/water heat pump where mo...	[ "heat from the engine to the ambient air. Marine engines have the advantage of using cool ambient sea, lake, or river water, which is typically cooler than ambient air. In the case of combined heat and power systems, the engine's cooling water is used directly or indirectly for heating purposes, raising efficiency....
Why do people bother keeping savings in banks/currencies which are potentially unstable?	[ "I see two reasons:\n\n1. In most European countries you need a residence permit to open a bank account. In other words, you must live in the country where you want the bank account. Some countries, like Switzerland, allow foreigners to open bank accounts without a permit. However, the banking fees are high for suc...	[ "loanable funds, particularly at banks, assuming the savings are held at banks, rather than currency itself being held (\"stashed under one's mattress\"). Thus an accumulation of savings yields an increase in potential lending, which will lower interest rates and stimulate borrowing. So a decline in consumer spendi...
Why does water freeze from top to bottom? Deep in the ocean it’s below freezing, why doesn’t it freeze?	[ "There are several reasons. The salt in the ocean lowers the temperature needed to make it freeze. Currents stop the ice from bonding, and if Ice did freeze, it is less dense and floats. But the main reason is the pressure, especially in deep water. To freeze, water needs to expand. Deep in the ocean, the pressure ...	[ "of oceans lowers the freezing point by about 1.9 °C (see here for explanation) and lowers the temperature of the density maximum of water to the former freezing point at 0 °C. This is why, in ocean water, the downward convection of colder water is not blocked by an expansion of water as it becomes colder near the ...
how they catch digital pirates who use hotspots or do they?	[ "Normally, They don't. If they actually want to track down someone who is using a proxy, they will be able to; but for something as harmless as pirating(relative to say, hacking a company's system) it is not worth their time and money just to find out who you are.\n\nTorrents from a hotspot are also not easy to tra...	[ "blocks have been secretly blocked by ISPs, driving users to proxy comparison sites. The Pirate Bay created a version of Tor branded as the PirateBrowser specifically to encourage anonymity and circumvention of these blocks. On August 5, 2014, City of London Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit arrested a 20-yea...
The voting rights of citizens in the District of Columbia historically differ from the rights of citizens in each of the 50 U.S. states. Why can't the U.S. just add an amendment to fix that right now?	[ "Because politics quickly becomes political. Currently D.C. is extremely Democratic, so Republicans don't want 2 new Democratic Senators. If the situation was reversed it's likely that the sides would quickly flip and Democrats would be blocking the amendment.", "Because they have to want to do it. Understand ...	[ "U.S. Constitution states:\n[The Congress shall have Power] To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States.\nThere were a nu...
Why did it take so long to invent the printing press?	[ "Tske into consideration the literacy rate.\n\nMost people could not read and had no reason to.\n\nNecessity is the mother of invention, that is a true idiom.\n\nThere wasn't a need for it.\n\nAs was stated, the Chinese invented movable type a few centuries before Europe.\n\nBut we did have related items. The Roman...	[ "Global spread of the printing press The global spread of the printing press began with the invention of the printing press with movable type by Johannes Gutenberg in Mainz, Germany c. 1439. Western printing technology was adopted in all world regions by the end of the 19th century, displacing the manuscript and bl...
I've been reading up on nukes. Did the Nevada nuclear tests have nuclear winter? Why or why not?	[ "Nuclear Winter is not a local effect resulting from an atomic blast, but rather a hypothetical effect from lots of nukes going off. The theory is that the nukes would kick a lot of soot and dust up in to the air, blocking out the sun. The blocking out of the sun would result in lower temperatures since the sun c...	[ "but the Foreign Office warned that a moratorium on nuclear testing might come into effect in late October.\nThe scientists at Aldermaston had created a design incorporating staging, radiation implosion, and compression, but they had not mastered the design of thermonuclear weapons. Knowing that much of the yield o...
How come cars are able to go up to 220 km/h but highways only allow speeds of up to 110 km/h. Wouldn't it be wiser to have cars max out at 110 km/h-ish and reduce the engine capabilities?	[ "How long do you want to take to accelerate? Merging onto the highway in a reasonable time takes far more power than maintaining a constant speed. There are plenty of 1.0 l cars for sale in Europe. They take about 17 +/- seconds to reach 100 kph, but they are very fuel efficient. No one would buy them here in the U...	[ "were most efficient at 55 mph (89 km/h).\nIn 1998, the U.S. Transportation Research Board footnoted an estimate that the 1974 National Maximum Speed Limit (NMSL) reduced fuel consumption by 0.2 to 1.0 percent. Rural interstates, the roads most visibly affected by the NMSL, accounted for 9.5% of the U.S' vehicle-mi...
Is it ever possible in the future to have matching finger/thumbprints?	[ "The idea that everyone has a unique fingerprint isnt really scientifically proven. There is a real possibility that you and someone else currently living have identical fingerprints." ]	[ "might be used to gain unauthorized access. However, the article did say that biometrics technology had improved since tests on spoofing fingerprint readers had been conducted.\nKingsley-Hughes suggested the Touch ID as a form of two-factor authentication, combining something one knows (the password) with \"somethi...
How a military can overthrow a government?	[ "The people with the guns stop doing what the president says, and they use their guns to do what they want. That's basically how it goes.", "Basically they shoot it. All civilian governments have exactly as much power over their military/police forces as those forces choose to allow them, political power grows ...	[ "Military coups in Nigeria There have been a large number of successful and failed military coups in Nigeria since the country's independence from the British Empire in 1960. A military coup is the violent or non-violent overthrow of an existing political regime by the military. Between 1966 and 1999 the army held ...
How do we go from binary codes to basic programming languages?	[ "The lowest level instructions in a computer are the instructions of the CPU architecture. This varies between CPUs but there's two main ones currently: x86 used by Intel and AMD processors, and the one used by ARM processors.\n\nThese instructions usually look something like \"MOV 1, 2\" which might mean to take t...	[ "Binary code A binary code represents text, computer processor instructions, or any other data using a two-symbol system. The two-symbol system used is often \"0\" and \"1\" from the binary number system. The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits, also known as bits, to each character, instruction, etc. Fo...
why does spicy food stay spicy when it comes out the other end?	[ "Spiciness isn't a flavor, it's a reaction to the chemical capsaicin, which irritates any tissue it contacts, not just your tongue. This is also why the area around your lips gets sore while eating wings.", "Your digestive system is not %100 efficient. Sometimes raw food makes it all the way though. Spicy is just...	[ "are preferred by scientists as they eliminate the potential ambiguity arising from use of the words \"hot\" and \"spicy\", which can also refer to temperature and the presence of spices, respectively.\nFor instance, a pumpkin pie can be both hot (out of the oven) and spicy (due to the common inclusion of spices su...
Why do posts on reddit not start on 0 (what's the purpose of allowing one to vote for oneself)?	[ "To reward you for making a comment even if no one else does.", "So you have the satisfaction of having a +1 post and another person has the satisfaction of down voting that satisfaction from you.", "When your post gets upvoted, its ranking goes up using what's called a [logarithm](_URL_0_). Basically, the more...	[ "figure is indexed at the beginning of every financial year.) Usually people are issued with warnings when it is found that they have not voted, and they are given an opportunity to show cause. Acceptable reasons for not voting may include being in the accident department of a hospital, being ill (requires confirma...
if you light a lighter in front of a TV, why does the reflection show 4 tiny rainbows around the flame?	[ "This is to do with, not the display itself, but the layers of diffusers that make up the backlight behind the display\n\nAn LCD TV consists of a backlight and an LCD panel. The backlight's job is to produce an even spread of light across the display. You first have an array of LEDs, but those LEDs are point source...	[ "faces inward toward the other rainbow, in both rainbows). This second rainbow is caused by light reflecting twice inside water droplets. The region between a double rainbow is dark. The reason for this dark band is that, while light below the primary rainbow comes from droplet reflection, and light above the upper...
How does copyright work with references?	[ "US copyright has a Fair Use clause, which a minor reference like the ones you are mentioning fall under. You don't need to pay royalties for something like mentioning \"I saw something like this on Star Trek once!\" or \"This is like Episode 79 of the Original Series, Turnabout Intruder! They got bodyswapped!\" \n...	[ "In this Part \"copyright work\" means a work of any of those descriptions in which copyright subsists.\n\n(3) Copyright does not subsist in a work unless the requirements of this Part with respect to qualification for copyright protection are met (see section 153 and the provisions referred to there).\"\nAccording...
Why does China take claim to Taiwan?	[ "Before the 1930's the Island of Taiwan was part of the nation of China. During the 1930's China suffered a civil war with many factions, the most prominent of which were the communist party(CPC) and the Government(KMT). This civil war spanned world war 2 and reached a physical conclusion in 1950 when the Communist...	[ "Chinese Civil War, the PRC has claimed the territories governed by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity today commonly known as Taiwan, as a part of its territory. It regards the island of Taiwan as its Taiwan Province, Kinmen and Matsu as a part of Fujian Province and islands the ROC controls ...
Why is the word 'cunt' such a taboo word in the U.S.?	[ "People have made it so. Words can be given such power based on how they're used in the culture. I remember when Austin Powers 2 came out (it was called Austin Powers 2: The Spy Who Shagged Me), and that was seen as quite vulgar for British people. In the US, Shagged is a cute word (like using Poop in place of ...	[ "the word \"fuck\" in their titles. He discusses uses of the word from the 15th century onwards. Fairman establishes that most current usages have connotations distinct from its denotation of sexual intercourse, and asserts that rather than having sexual meaning, the word's use is most commonly associated with powe...
why is it so easy for people to start working out regularly but it’s hard to stop eating certain foods or cutting back?	[ "Human being are designed to eat as much food as they possibly can, because in nature food is a whole lot rarer. We crave salt, fat, and sugar. This is a problem today because we have industrial farming and society. When he had to hunt down all out food ourselves it was a lot harder to eat enough to actually.make u...	[ "insecurity, exhaustion, and difficulty concentrating. Stress may also perpetuate or lead to binge eating, smoking, and alcohol consumption.\nThe feeling that simply working hard is not enough anymore is acknowledged by many other American workers. \"To get ahead, a seventy-hour work week is the new standard. What ...
Why is the USA drinking age set at 21 when in most other respects you're an adult at 18.	[ "In the 60s and 70s, the US had a lot of fatalities as a result of teenage drunk driving. Waaay more than any other country did.\n\nReally, there were two options available to them: raise the drinking age, or raise the driving age.\n\nI think they made the right choice.", "As someone already said it was becau...	[ "In 1974, the minimum age was decreased to 18 years old for the entire state. In 1982, the minimum age was increased to 21 years old but with a grandfather clause which allowed those who had already turned 18 (born June 30, 1964 or earlier) to consume beer and wine.", "lower to 18, or raise to 25. Some people, su...
Why do I not smell perfume I've sprayed on me but other people do?	[ "Why don't you see your nose? It's within your vision.\n\nYour brain filters out your nose, because it's always there, and likewise, it filters out smells that are \"always there\". \n\nThe phenomenon is called [sensory adaptation](_URL_0_), this is the brain caring less about constant stimuli. Olfactory neurons...	[ "reactions in some individuals, especially those with severe or atopic asthma. Many fragrance ingredients can also cause headaches, allergic skin reactions or nausea.\nIn some cases, an excessive use of perfumes may cause allergic reactions of the skin. For instance, acetophenone, ethyl acetate and acetone while pr...
How does a two headed reptile/siamese twins work? How do they move their bodies assuming there are two brains?	[ "Typically each twin controls a different part of the body. Like the twin girls Brittany and Abigail Hensel. They give the appearance of being one body with two heads, though they have two of each organ above the waist. They have two arms, each controlling one. And from the waist down, they have one body, with each...	[ "Polycephaly Occurrences Two-headed people and animals, though rare, have long been known to exist and documented. Occurrence in humans In humans, as in other animals, partial twinning can result in formation of two heads supported by a single torso. Two ways this can happen are dicephalus parapagus, where there ar...
How do human voices work? What makes our voices seem so unique?	[ "Finally a question that being a voice major has equipped me to answer! (Avoiding the proper terms for parts because that's what Google is for):\n\nAir passes from your lungs in between your vocal folds (roughly right behind your Adam's apple, that's a front projection of the mechanism that protects it). They're ...	[ "Human voice The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, such as talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, shouting, yelling etc. The human voice frequency is specifically a part of human sound production in which the vocal folds (vocal cords) are the primary sound source. (O...
why aren't AK47's an "accurate" rifle	[ "1. AK-47's distance between the sight and post is very short which makes it so that for longer ranges, it is extremely difficult to line up an accurate shot as you are more likely to be misaligned with your eye to the sights.\n\n2. It uses a relatively low velocity round, meaning it arcs more and spends more time ...	[ "The AK-47 and its variants have been and are made in dozens of countries, with \"quality ranging from finely engineered weapons to pieces of questionable workmanship.\" As a result, the AK-47 has a service/system life of approximately 6,000, to 10,000, to 15,000 rounds. The AK-47 was designed to be a cheap, simple...
Why can I not remember what happens when I'm drunk?	[ "Memories enter the brain first as short term memory, that is then transformed into a long-term memory. \nThis is evident because the majority of short-term memories that we experience are lost before they ever make it into what we will call \"long-term\" storage. \n\nWhen alcohol is consumed it affects your abili...	[ "it.\" This man must have had two souls, one for his sober state, and one for him when drunk.\nResearch shows that individuals are less likely to remember information learned while intoxicated when they are once again sober. However, information learned or memories created while intoxicated are most effectively ret...
Why does having noise in the background (TV, music, etc.) make me feel safer when I'm home alone?	[ "Your ears are sensitive through a wide ride of volumes. When it is very quiet, you hear faint noises you are unaccustomed to, which can be disconcerting. Background noise hides those sounds with ones more familiar to you, restoring your comfort level.", "I have had kids in my house for a lot of years, and it i...	[ "to music when running errands alone or turning on the television when at home, even if it is just for background noise. Using noise to interrupt the silence of isolated situations can often be a great help for people suffering from autophobia.\nHowever, it is important to remember that just because a person may fe...
Isn't the freshwater we have to work with just going in a cycle? How are we losing fresh water?	[ "When the water ends up in the oceans, it slows down the cycling a lot. Water in aquifers (the stores under the ground that we access when we use wells) and water on Earth's surface are the cheapest to use. We have been either polluting these (surface) or using them too fast for new water to filter in. We have a...	[ "nearly everywhere, but until actual scarcity hits, people tend to take access to freshwater for granted. Water conservation There are several ways to reduce the use of water. For example, most irrigation systems waste water; typically, only between 35% and 50% of water withdrawn for irrigated agriculture ever reac...
Why is there such a large Insane Clown Posse (Juggalo) following?	[ "A lot of it is because the group tries to make its fans into a \"community\" (Juggalos). Like, fans of a band like, say, the Black Keys, are just people who happen to like the Black Keys. But ICP specifically encourages fans, \"Hey, dress up like us, be like us, be part of something,\" and then the fans encourage ...	[ "are fans of the hip hop group Insane Clown Posse. Members often have tattoos and wear face paint. The FBI has classified juggalos as a \"loosely organized hybrid gang\", and in 2011, the Justice Department's Gang Task Force said group members were \"forming more organized subsets and engaging in more gang-like cri...
What's the best/safest/quickest way for a relatively skinny but unhealthy guy to get big using weights (w/ or w/o protein powder)?	[ "The gist of it is to lift weights and eat a lot of food. A program like Stronglifts is great for beginners. \n\nProtein powder isn't magic, it's just a cheap and easy source of protein. Most people find it easier to drink a protein shake than to eat a bunch of steak. It's probably healthier than other sources ...	[ "it is ideal to get as close as possible. Dirty bulking \"Dirty bulking\" is the process of eating at a massive caloric surplus, without trying to figure out the exact amount of ingested macronutrients (carbs, fats, and proteins). Weightlifters who are attempting to gain mass quickly with no aesthetic concerns ofte...
Why metal at room temperature feels cold while, say, fabric at room temperature doesn't	[ "I believe it has something to do with the rate at which heat from your body is transferred to the material. Your body is hotter than both the fabric and the spoon, which are at the same temperature, but the spoon conducts the heat at a faster rate and so you feel it as being colder. Please correct me if I am wro...	[ "thicker barrier between the atmosphere and aluminum base metal. Considerations When selecting metal furniture, consider coat and finish, ensuring the surface is powder coated—which does not need maintenance—and the finish is not just painted onto the furniture but baked into the metal. Also, consider your climate....
A neighborhood cat comes to your home and you feed it. A day/week later, other cats appear at your house looking for food. How did the other cats find out that you're a food giver?	[ "Kitties talk among themselves, just like humans. They may not make a sound, but they do communicate ... and follow each other around.\n\nSeriously: you can/should check out [Alley Cat Allies](_URL_0_) for all sorts of info about hungry kitty visitors.", "I think they hang out together and the others smell it on ...	[ "out, there is no sign of the cats: they'd apparently eaten each other up in their jealous fury. Then, the old man notices one skinny cat hiding in a patch of tall grass. It had survived because it didn't consider itself pretty, so the other cats hadn't attacked it. The couple take the cat into their home, feed it ...
Why do southern states freak out over a little snow?	[ "There is essentially no infrastructure to deal with snowfall in southern states because it happens so rarely. Roads are not salted or plowed so they are covered in ice, and nobody has snow tires or much experience driving in snow. It is sort of like how everyone up north has trouble with a little heat wave where i...	[ "Northern and Midwest United States. Factors such as warm temperatures and lack of Precipitation increases their range. Cold temperatures, major precipitation, and unsuitable environmental conditions are factors that will stop migration to continue more north. In late summer, cold fronts start to appear sending cue...
What is the origin and meaning of "Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government."	[ "It's a quote from Monty Python and the Holy Grail. The \"strange woman lying in pond\" is the Lady of the Lake from the Arthurian legend.\n\n_URL_0_", "It is talking about the legend of King Authur, whereby the Lady of the Lake bequeathed unto him a sword that proved he was to be the rightful King.\n\nThe peasan...	[ "Queen of Swords The Queen of Swords is a card in the Suit of Swords, part of the Minor Arcana set of the Tarot. Tarot cards are used throughout much of Europe to play tarot card games.\nIn English-speaking countries, where the games are largely unknown, Tarot cards came to be utilized primarily for divinatory purp...
What are those bastardly little tongue sores you get from eating too much salt or sugar, and how do you get rid of them?	[ "The condition is called aphthous stomatitis, or commonly, canker sores. They are NOT inflamed tastebuds. Rather, they are small ulcers (areas of inflamed, healing tissue) that are characteristically painful and confined to the mucosa (soft tissue) of the mouth (including surface of the tongue) by definition. There...	[ "the dorsum of the tongue in persons taking long term corticosteroids or antibiotics, but occasionally it can occur after only a few days of using a topical antibiotic. This is usually termed \"antibiotic sore mouth\", \"antibiotic sore tongue\", or \"antibiotic-induced stomatitis\" because it is commonly painful a...
Why are swearing words related to genitals and/or sexuality?	[ "Swear words come from things we consider taboo or distasteful. In English-speaking society, we have a lot of taboos surrounding sex, even in this day and age. We also put a very high level of importance on hygiene, so words relating to waste and where they come from are also taboo. \n\nCertain words automatically ...	[ "are insulted. This category is so strong it is usually frowned upon even by people who would make casual or even regular use of the profanities above.\nBestemmiare (\"swearing\") is a misdemeanor in Italian law, but the law is seldom enforced. However, it is still considered a strong social taboo at least on telev...
How does a bird know to not sit on its unfertilized eggs?	[ "They don't...They will sit on plastic eggs. The hen eventually gives up and deserts the nest and will try again...Yeah,the eggs rot if something like a squirrel, or another bird does not eat them before they go bad.\n\n_URL_0_" ]	[ "birds respond to the accidental loss of eggs by laying a replacement egg. Others will stop laying based on the apparent size of the clutch. According to whether they respond to addition, removal, or both addition and removal of eggs, birds are classified as determinate layers (number of eggs laid is predetermined ...
Why does Basic Income Decrease "Werkgelegenheid" and is this the same metric as "Job Opportunities"?	[ "> isn't employment rate supposed to reflect how many people are voluntarily employed compared to unvoluntarily employed?\n\nIf you consider those who need the money to live but if they didn't wouldn't work as \"involuntarily employed\" and not part of the employment rate, then your employment pool would be near z...	[ "theory used to explain long-term effects of previous unemployment, where short-term increases in unemployment become permanent and lead to higher levels of unemployment in the long-run.\nIn efficiency wage models, workers are paid at levels that maximize productivity instead of clearing the market. For example, in...
How does Task Manager's "Set Priority" work, does it increase performance significantly, and how/should I use it?	[ "Windows is built for multitasking. The 'Set Priority' feature is intended for managing what processes have a higher priority for resources (CPU) than other processes.\n\nApplications set to normal will go 50-50 on the resources with other running applications (when demanding resources).\n\nIt's better practice to ...	[ "enables the managers to \"...manipulate and decompose high level effects. They must then assign lesser effects as objectives for subordinates to achieve. The intention is that subordinates' actions will cumulatively achieve the overall effects desired\". In other words, the focus shifts from being a scriptwriter f...
the Venezuelan election results	[ "Not the exact answer you're looking for, but might provide context if you'd like it - _URL_0_" ]	[ "8 December 2006, Súmate announced that their count and audits of the final election results matched the official count of the Venezuelan National Electoral Council, that showed a landslide victory for Hugo Chávez, highlighting that \"balloting was not clean, transparent or reliable.\" Machado said the Government ...
How can Pewdipie make $4M a year?	[ "Most of his money would come from Youtube views and advertising. Having as many views as Pewdipie gets would certainly net you a lot of money from Youtube.", "Youtube gets paid by advertisers to show their adverts.\n\nYoutubers can 'monetize' their videos by making them show ads before the vid, or little banner ...	[ "March 3, 2015, Pebble Time became the most funded Kickstarter ever with nearly $14 million funded, while having 24 days left in its campaign. At the end of the funding, March 27, 2015, Pebble Time received pledges of $20,338,986 from 78,471 backers. Pebble 2 Pebble 2, the company's 3rd generation smartwatch, launc...
Where exactly is a woman's G-spot located, and how do you find it?	[ "Straight in, stick to the top, two o clock (yes always) until about the second bend in your fingers, if you've hit your knuckles that's way too far. It all generally feels the same to you but it has sort of an interesting texture. So I know perhaps you've always been told to do the \"Come here\" motion but it's ac...	[ "Hubble Deep Field The Hubble Deep Field (HDF) is an image of a small region in the constellation Ursa Major, constructed from a series of observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. It covers an area about 2.6 arcminutes on a side, about one 24-millionth of the whole sky, which is equivalent in angular size to a t...
Why do we hear static from radios and TV's when there's nothing being broadcast? Shouldn't we just hear silence?	[ "Because there isn't nothing there.\n\nEvery spectrum is full of random noise from stars, radioactive decay, all sorts of things like that. It's just terrestrial broadcasts are so much stronger that it overwhelms the random noise. This is why when you start reaching the edge of the coverage area for the station y...	[ "data. Video noise In video and television, noise refers to the random dot pattern that is superimposed on the picture as a result of electronic noise, the 'snow' that is seen with poor (analog) television reception or on VHS tapes. Interference and static are other forms of noise, in the sense that they are unwant...
why you can't put metal in the microwave but nothing happens to the metal that it's built from	[ "You can put metal in microwaves, which is a lot come with racks, you just can't put metal with sharp edges/points such as forks and aluminum foil. As for the interior, most microwaves have their interior painted to prevent these issues." ]	[ "(such as Starbucks novelty cups) or cups with metal lining. If any bit of the metal is exposed, all the outer shell will burst off the object or melt.\nThe high electrical fields generated inside a microwave often can be illustrated by placing a radiometer or neon glow-bulb inside the cooking chamber, creating glo...
How do street lights know when cars are there?	[ "There's a couple ways that traffic lights know there are cars there. \n\nThe first (and probably most common) is sensors under the road. They use coils of wire to detect when something magnetic (like the steel in a car) passes overhead. You can actually usually see them if you look at the lanes, there will some...	[ "not all \"streets\". \n“Road lighting”, as distinct from \"street lighting\", encompasses the lighting of all types of highway, public maintainable streets and roads. “Street lighting” is term-specific to “streets” – that is: to highways allowing direct access to buildings or spaces in built-up areas.\nTherefore, ...
Why do people age?	[ "Nothing is perfect. Even our bodies, the result of billions of years of evolution from the simplest single-celled life forms, begin to fail after awhile. All of the things that make our body run, our stomachs, hearts, brains, kidneys, will eventually stop working. But the main thing that causes people to age is th...	[ "and proportion of older people in society. Population ageing has three possible causes: migration, longer life expectancy (decreased death rate) and decreased birth rate. Ageing has a significant impact on society. Young people tend to have fewer legal privileges (if they are below the age of majority), they are m...
The size of the universe.	[ "There's more than one way to measure cosmological distances.\n\nOne way is to use what's called the \"lookback distance.\" It's just the distance measured in units of time. If light from an galaxy has been in transit for a billion years, then you can quite accurately say that galaxy is a billion years away. (This ...	[ "Observable universe Size The comoving distance from Earth to the edge of the observable universe is about 14.26 gigaparsecs (46.5 billion light-years or 4.40×10²⁶ meters) in any direction. The observable universe is thus a sphere with a diameter of about 28.5 gigaparsecs (93 billion light-years or 8.8×10²⁶ meters)...
Why do school hours not match working hours?	[ "That means teachers would go home at 7 or 8pm, school buses would have to contend with commuter traffic, and students would be walking home in the dark most of the time.", "It's because when the times were setup it was to take into account farm jobs, not the modern 9-5 city jobs. That is also why summer vacation...	[ "tutorial, although this is not normally the case.\nStudy periods often occur because of scheduling conflicts in the school timetable, when there is a mismatch between available students, teachers, subjects and classrooms.\nStudy periods are generally monitored by teachers or teacher's aides, who often encourage st...
Why do dogs go absolutely crazy after getting a bath?	[ "I'll probably get another NO BLATANT SPECULATION response from the wannabe mod we have lurking here, but here's what I've found looking around for you: Nobody actually 100% knows the scientific reason, but dog experts have been able to put together some good guesses based on what we know about dogs. Many of t...	[ "out of bed and find out what it is. To reassure herself, she reaches a hand toward the floor for the dog and is rewarded by a reassuring lick on her hand. The next morning when she wakes, she goes to the bathroom for a drink of water only to find her dead, mutilated dog hanging in the shower with his blood slowly ...
What was the warsaw uprising	[ "Warsaw was under Nazi rule. People didn't like that, especially the Jews living in the ghetto. People were purposely starved, killed in the streets. The Polish Underground State was formed - a resistance paramilitary which was made of several groups that wanted to liberate Poland (and save Jews). \n\nSome folks wi...	[ "forces, and the underground urged Warsaw inhabitants to ignore it. Fearing that the city would be turned into ruins and share the fate of Stalingrad and Kiev, General Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski ordered Operation Tempest to be started in Warsaw, which resulted in the Warsaw Uprising that lasted from August through Sept...
How did the Romans express numbers in speech and/or calculation?	[ "This is a really good question, you should probably chuck it over onto /r/AskHistorians, they'd be more likely to have an actual, factual answer.\n\nEDIT: Someone has already asked it over there, the best answer last year came from /u/rosemary85 and goes as follows:\n > No. The Latin words for numbers are fairly ...	[ "the Greeks. It is unclear if the Romans first derived their numerical system directly from the Greek precedent or from Etruscan numerals used by the Etruscan civilization centered in what is now Tuscany, central Italy.\nUsing calculation, Romans were adept at both instigating and detecting financial fraud, as well...
What's the difference between Genetic Drift and Natural Selection?	[ "Both of these concepts deal with traits within a population changing over time. With natural selection, one trait is more advantageous, so organisms with that trait survive and reproduce more effectively, resulting in more organisms with that trait. Genetic drift is when a trait becomes more common within a popu...	[ "population genetics where it is known as genetic drift. A finite population of randomly reproducing organisms would experience changes from generation to generation in the frequencies of the different genotypes. This may lead to the fixation of one of the genotypes, and even the emergence of a new species. In s...
Why do professional athletes have a significantly lower pulse than the average person ?	[ "Because they have increased stroke volume. Their hearts are strengthened so that they are able to move more blood with each pump, so their hearts don't need to pump as many times.", "You have an empty pool and you need to fill it with water. The bigger the bucket you can carry, the less trips you will need to ma...	[ "pressure responses consistent with physical loads of light/moderate intensity, in the range of 4.5–5.5 METs. Thus, the cardiovascular demands of popular sports seem to have remained relatively similar through several millennia.", "than in football impacts because of a lower effective punch mass. They cause propo...
Pirate Bay Megathread	[ "Pirate Bay's existence is NOT the result of a want for piracy. This is the misconception that has the industry execs spending HUGE amounts of time and money trying to control the symptom of a much larger issue.\n\n People, like water, follow the path of least resistance. If the resistance becomes too much, we ma...	[ "The Pirate Bay trial The Pirate Bay The Pirate Bay is a Swedish website that indexes and tracks BitTorrent files. It bills itself as \"the galaxy's largest BitTorrent tracker\" and is ranked as the 73rd most popular website by Alexa Internet. The website is funded primarily with advertisements shown next to torren...
How, with the proliferation of free porn websites like youporn, does any porn production make money?	[ "You like pink crayons a lot. There is this place where you can get free pink crayons, but you have to deal with ads and possibly malware. Also the pink crayons are low quality and the place may not have the specific type or model of pink crayon you are looking for. Now there is this other place where if you pay a ...	[ "States alone, including the production of various media and associated products and services. The general porn industry is between $10–$12 billion in the U.S. In 2006, the world pornography revenue was 97 billion dollars. This industry employs thousands of performers along with support and production staff. It is ...
How do landlords make money	[ "so essentially making money from letting requires a large amount of time and/or starting capital?", "You're making the assumption that the market price of the house today (which is presumably where you got the mortgage repayment figures from) is the price for which the landlord bought it.\n\nAs a resident of the...	[ "of the Roman Empire.\nIn modern times, landlord describes any individual(s) or entity (e.g. government body or institution) providing housing for persons who cannot afford or do not want to own their own homes. They may be peripatetic, stationed on a secondment away from their home, not want the risk of a mortgage...
Why do DVDs in widescreen format play with black bars on top and bottom on my widescreen TV	[ "Just because it's \"widescreen\" doesn't mean that it's the same exact aspect ratio as your TV. A movie with black bars on the top and bottom was filmed in an aspect ration that's even wider than your widescreen TV.\n\n\nLook [here](_URL_1_). Most widescreen TV's are 16:9 (the third from the bottom on that page),...	[ "the proportions of the video. If an anamorphic DVD video is played on standard 4:3 television without adjustment, the image will look horizontally squeezed. Packaging Although currently there is no labeling standard, DVDs with content originally produced in an aspect ratio wider than 1.33:1 are typically labeled \...
How do spammers spoof a cell phone number to make scam calls?	[ "When you make an outbound call, the calling system gives the phone system the caller ID information. The reason this can be (legitimately) different from the actual call is for example a business that has both direct lines to each extension and a main line. An employee calling out would show up with the main line ...	[ "in the United Kingdom by CPR Call Blocker, a call blocking company warning of it in The Independent.\nOn March 27, 2017, the FCC issued an official warning about the telephone scam. Veracity Investigating reports of the possible scam, Snopes noted that all purported targets of the scam only reported having been vi...
How have wolves impacted Yellowstone?	[ "This is just one example. \n\nMore grazing animals means less vegetation for other animals to use as a home or shelter from prey.\n\nThey also took vegetation away from the river banks causing more erosion. (The roots held the soil in place)\n\nThe reintroduction of wolves stopped that and kept the grazing animal ...	[ "History of wolves in Yellowstone When Yellowstone National Park was created in 1872, gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations were already in decline in Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. The creation of the national park did not provide protection for wolves or other predators, and government predator control programs in th...
How do we move our body?	[ "Planning and decision making for motor movement happens in the [premotor cortex](_URL_0_). To see where it is, find a spot on the top of your head that's about three inches back from your hairline. This is the section in your brain that makes the decisions about lifting limbs and looking at the ceiling. It take...	[ "the position of their body and how that changes throughout the motor skill they are trying to perform. While performing the motion the body will use receptors in the muscles to transfer information to the brain to tell the brain about what the body is doing. Then after completing the same motor skill numerous time...
What is the difference between a CEO and the President of a company?	[ "\"President\" is a term that is often based on the law of the place where the company is created. For example in the United States, most states require that a corporation have a person with the title President. That title carries with it some legal obligations that tie the individual to the actions of the compan...	[ "category of subordinate executive, if the CEO is also the president, is the vice-president (VP). An organization may have more than one vice-president, each tasked with a different area of responsibility (e.g., VP of finance, VP of human resources, VP of research and development). Some organizations have subordina...
Why does smoking cause some people to lose limbs/develop cancer while there are lifelong smokers who never have these problems?	[ "The short answer is that at the chemical level biology is very complicated. We tend to think of all sickness and injury the same way we think of, say, a bullet wound---a single, distinct harm that directly interferes with how something in the body works in a simple way. \n\nBut that's not how all harms work. Nico...	[ "lung cancer sufferers were likely to be smokers. He also argued that tobacco use was the best way to explain the fact that lung cancer struck men four or five times more often than women (since women smoked much less), and discussed the causal effect of smoking on cancers of the liver and bladder.\nMore observatio...
Why is it, that when I get really tired, everything is so much funnier?	[ "The phenomenon of being more easily amused falls under Emotional Lability which means emotional changeability or instability. You're probably more likely to cry too. In extreme cases, this is a medical condition, see _URL_0_ but in regular life, it's just that the parts of your brain which keep you on an even keel...	[ "to be less happy when they are daydreaming than when they are not even the activities they otherwise do are the least enjoyed by them. For the positive daydreaming, people report the same happiness rating between current tasks and pleasant things they are more likely to daydream about. This finding remains true ac...
Why you need to be grounded to get an electric shock?	[ "Electric currents aren't like Austin from middle school, they don't come out, wander around, bug people, and then go back home. \n\nElectricity flows from negatively charged objects, to positively charged objects, until the system is neutral. That's all there is to it. If electricity flows from one location, that ...	[ "as when a person is receiving an electric shock as the electricity passes through his body to the ground (earth).\nThe competent person will then issue an Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR) also known as Periodic Inspection and Testing Report (PIR) detailing any observed damage, deterioration, defects...
How do people get infected with plaque?	[ "Plaque isn't just one bactera it is what is known as a biofilm. Layers and layers of diferent bactera and their extracellular matrixs. Pretty much any bactera can eventually form biofilms. Everyone has bactera on and in their bodies called their natural flora. Your natural flora bactera grow into the plaque on you...	[ "plaque which is due to an intraepidermal carcinoma and is potentially malignant. The lesions may occur anywhere on the skin surface, including on mucosal surfaces. Freezing, cauterization, or diathermy coagulation is often effective treatment. Pathomorphologic study of tissue sampling revealed: polymorphism of sp...
Why is it that a hard drive disc can have a capacity of 5TB+ but DVDs can only have a maximum of 9GB?	[ "In addition to what's already been said about the actual technological differences, one major difference is working conditions.\n\nHard Disks are produced and sealed in clean factories to ensure there is no contamination. They are encased in thick unbend-able metal. From the day you start using it, you can't bend ...	[ "5D DVD Advantages over current discs 5D DVDs use a writing system that uses extremely tiny particles on which data is written, with multiple layers that are read by three different colors of laser (rather than only one, as is the case with DVDs and Blu-ray discs). According to the developers, this could result in ...
How much racism/discrimination do Europeans who live in India or Africa face?	[ "Maybe it's not racism or discrimination in the traditional sense, but I've heard anecdotally that whites in Sub-Saharan Africa are more likely to be targeted by robbers because they stand out it's presumed that they have money.", "A fair amount, depending on the country. Zimbabwe (Under Mugabe) for example, seiz...	[ "played racist music. According to a study by Fundamental Rights Agency published in 2018, 63% of Africans in Finland had experienced racist harassment, which had appeared as offensive gestures, comments, threats or violence. This was the highest percentage of any EU member state, much higher than for example in Ma...
Why does a company like Boeing need to make a commercial? It's not like anyone watching is going to buy one.	[ "Companies that have to choose between Airbus or Boeing still consist of people (who can be manipulated through commercials), and they can sadly often do so with bias even though they're supposed to run the numbers and make an informed decision.", "brand recognition. They want you to value that your flying on ...	[ "that Boeing's products are unlikely to be selected because it is not a \"trusted partner\". \"Our government is not going to allow our aerospace sector to be attacked in this manner ... We can't do business with a company that treats us in this way.\"\nCanada will review Boeing's bid when it is presented.\nOn 12 O...
How do American football have bruised lungs without also having broken ribs? Isn't that the point of ribs?	[ "This is actually one of the major issues with American football. The padding protects from the blunt hit and spreads out the impact so you aren't taking a lot of force to a particular place on your body, but your body is still being shoved really hard as a whole. This means the force is spread out and absorbed a...	[ "torn when he was hit by a member of the Dallas Cowboys defense. Unitas wrote in his autobiography that he felt his arm was initially injured by the use of the \"night ball\" that the NFL was testing for better TV visibility during night games. In a post-game interview the previous year, he noted having constant pa...
What are dentists actually doing when they scrape at your teeth with those metal picks?	[ "I think my dentist was counting money while my hygienist was scraping my teeth.", "Scraping off the plaque build up. And it is usually the dental hygienist not the actual dentist.", "Most of the time they're looking at how much plaque is on or around your teeth. In other instances they're determining texture o...	[ "remove material from them. This characteristic makes burrs suitable for dentistry, as the tool will grind the hard enamel of teeth, yet leaves soft mouth tissues unharmed if the tool should unintentionally touch them.", "the mouth near the gums while the elevator helped pull the tooth out of its socket. Then, a ...
When did we stop having to type in 'www.'? Why did we have to to begin with?	[ "It's because servers where traditionally named according to the services they provide. So a world wide web server had www., a file transfer protocol server had ftp., et caetera. We stopped having to type it because nowadays, the www._URL_0_ and _URL_0_ URLs both refer to the same server (URL is like a set of coord...	[ "common despite the fact that it is slightly longer than the original (starting with \"A\").\nAs the use of typewriters grew in the late 19th century, the phrase began appearing in typing lesson books as a practice sentence. Early examples include How to Become Expert in Typewriting: A Complete Instructor Designed...
What is the difference between real and imaginary numbers?	[ "\"Imaginary\" is a bad word for them because they definitely exist, they're just part of the complex plane.\n\nImagine the number line, which contains all \"real\" numbers going off left and right into infinity. Left is negative, right is positive. Take a step to the right and you're at 1, a step to the left and...	[ "live in. It turns out that a mathematical model involving imaginary time predicts not only effects we have already observed but also effects we have not been able to measure yet nevertheless believe in for other reasons. So what is real and what is imaginary? Is the distinction just in our minds?\n— Stephen Hawkin...

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