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Over the past few years there has been a marked increase in the use of computers in the Arabic speaking countries. Many applications programs in Arabic have been developed, but the field of computational linguistics is relatively new in Arabic and presents a unique challenge, due to the highly inflected nature of the A... | 0 |
It is not hard to get a picture of just how linguistically diverse Indonesia is. There are 726 languages in the country; making it the world's second most diverse, after Papua New Guinea which has 823 local languages (Martí et al., 2005:48) .The languages of Indonesia are part of a complex linguistic situation that is ... | 0 |
Books represent one of the oldest forms of written communication and have been used since thousands of years ago as a means to store and transmit information. Despite this fact, given that a large fraction of the electronic documents available online and elsewhere consist of short texts such as Web pages, news articles... | 0 |
With certain exceptions, computational linguists have in the past generally formed a separate research community from speech recognition researchers, despite some obvious overlap of interest. Perhaps one reason for this is that, until relatively recently, few methods have come out of the natural language processing com... | 0 |
Information extraction is an important research sub-field in natural language processing (NLP) which aims to identify relevant information from large amount of text documents in digital archives and the WWW. Information extraction subsumes three main tasks, including Entity Detection and Tracking (EDT), Relation Detect... | 0 |
Automatic Evaluation (AE) of Natural Language Generation (NLG) is a key problem towards better systems (Specia et al., 2010) . It allows to assess the quality of generated text without relying on human evaluation campaigns that are expensive and time consuming (Belz and Reiter, 2006; Sai et al., 2020) . For instance, i... | 0 |
Machine Translation Evaluation has been costly to perform (e.g., White & O'Connell, 1994; Doyon, et al., 1998) . Costs include corpus collection and vetting, arranging for human evaluators, controlling for human factors, etc. Therefore, for nearly as long as Machine Translation (MT) evaluations have existed, MT practit... | 0 |
In the field of linguistics, the differences between male and female traits within spoken and written language have been studied both empirically and theoretically, revealing that the language used by males and females differs in terms of style and syntax (Coates, 2015) . The increasing amount of work on automatic auth... | 0 |
Sentiment analysis, also known as "opinion mining", is the problem of analyzing the sentiment, opinion or any other subjectivity of written texts. With its potential applications to opinion search engine, public opinion analysis, product promotion, etc., sentiment analysis has been receiving increasing interest in rece... | 0 |
One important aspect to every relation extraction approach is how to annotate training and test data for learning classifiers. In the past, four different types of approaches for this have been proposed. For supervised approaches, training and test data is annotated manually by one or several annotators. While this app... | 0 |
There is a long tradition of description of creole languages since, at least, the pioneering work of Hugo Schuchardt . Creole languages have sometimes been assigned a special role in linguistics: as a type of 'mixed languages', they are often considered as illustrating a break in language transmission and do not fit th... | 0 |
Neural networks have been gaining a lot of attention recently in areas like speech recognition, image recognition and natural language processing. In machine translation, NNs are applied in two main ways: In N -best rescoring, the neural model is used to score the first-pass decoding output, limiting the model to a fix... | 0 |
The main motivation behind our work is to introduce linguistic information, other than lexical units, to the process of building word and phrase alignments. Many other authors have tried to do so. See (Och and Ney, 2000) , (Yamada and Knight, 2001) , (Koehn and Knight, 2002) , (Koehn et al., 2003) , (Schafer and Yarows... | 0 |
In this work, we report the system architecture and results of the team TEST POSITIVE in the competition of W-NUT 2020 sharred Task-3: extracting COVID-19 event from Twitter.Since February 2020, the pandemic COVID-19 has been spreading all over the world, posing a significant threat to mankind in every aspect. The info... | 0 |
Aligning documents from different languages arises in a range of tasks such as parallel phrase extraction (Gale and Church, 1991; Rapp, 1999) , mining translations for out-of-vocabulary words for statistical machine translation and document retrieval (Ballesteros and Croft, 1996; Munteanu and Marcu, 2005) . In this tas... | 0 |
A replacement expression specifies that a given symbol or a sequence of symbols should be replaced by another one in a certain context or contexts. Phonological rewrite-rules (Kaplan and Kay, 1994) , two-level rules (Koskenniemi 1983) , syntactic disarnbiguation rules (Kar]sson et al 1994, Koskenniemi, Tapanainen, and ... | 0 |
According to the World Health Organisation, the largest global challenge facing the world today is the rapid increase of the population aged over 65 years. It is projected to increase from 524 million in 2010 to 1.5 billion in 2050, with the largest increase in the developing world (Suzman and Beard, 2011) . This demog... | 0 |
Chinese text is written without delimiters between words; as a result, Chinese word segmentation (CWS) is an essential foundational step for many tasks in Chinese natural language processing. As demonstrated by (Shi and Wang, 2007; Bai et al., 2008; Kummerfeld et al., 2013) , the quality and consistency of segmentation... | 0 |
Multimodal documents from online popular media often contain information graphics that augment the information found in the text. These graphics, however, are inaccessible for visually impaired users or in environments where the image cannot be processed/displayed. Our system captures the high-level content of the grap... | 0 |
Multilingualizing systems handling content expressed in spontaneous natural language is an important but difficult problem, and very few multilingual services are available today. The choice of a particular multilingualization process depends on the translational situation: types and levels of possible accesses, availa... | 0 |
The rapid growth of user-generated content, much of which is sentiment-laden, has fueled an interest in sentiment analysis (Pang and Lee, 2008; Liu, 2010). One popular form of sentiment analysis involves classifying a document into discrete classes, depending on whether it expresses positive or negative sentiment (or n... | 0 |
Speech-to-text translation (ST) aims at translating acoustic speech signals into text in a foreign language, which has wide applications including voice assistants, translation for multinational video conferences, and so on. Traditional ST methods usually combine automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translati... | 0 |
IWSLT is an MT evaluation campaign organized by the Consortium for Speech Translation Advanced Research (C-Star) 2 . This consortium provides a common framework to compare and improve the state-of-the-art speech-to-speech translation (SST) technologies [1] . C-Star has organized annual workshops with progressively more... | 0 |
Sarcasm is a form of irony that occurs when there is some discrepancy between the literal and intended meanings of an utterance. This discrepancy is used to express dissociation towards a previous proposition, often in the form of contempt or derogation (Wilson, 2006) . Sarcasm is omnipresent in social media text and c... | 0 |
When learning a second language, students make mistakes along the way. While some mistakes are idiosyncratic and individual, many are systematic and common to people who share the same primary language. There has been extensive research on grammar error detection. Most previous efforts focus on identifying specific typ... | 0 |
Since OWL (Web Ontology Language) became the standard language for the semantic web in 2004, 1 several research groups have developed systems, known as 'verbalisers', for generating Controlled English from OWL ontologies (Kaljurand and Fuchs, 2007; Dolbear et al., 2007; Schwitter and Tilbrook, 2004; Funk et al., 2007) ... | 0 |
We consider the problem of disambiguating person names in a Web searching scenario as described by the Web People Search Task in SemEval 2007 (Artiles et al., 2007) . Here, the system receives as input a set of web pages retrieved from a search engine using a given person name as a query. The goal is to determine how m... | 0 |
Open Relation Extraction (ORE) (Banko and Etzioni, 2008) has become prevalent over traditional relation extraction methods, especially on the Web, because of the intrinsic difficulty in training individual extractors for every single relation. Broadly speaking, existing ORE approaches can be grouped according to the le... | 0 |
In this paper we present a view of translation equivalence derived from a pragmatics-based approach to machine translation. We argue that evaluation methods which assume a predictable correspondence between source and target language forms cannot adequately account for the data on which this approach is built. We descr... | 0 |
The use of statistical methods in computational linguistics has produced advances in tasks such as parsing, information retrieval, and machine translation. However, most of the successful work to date has used supervised learning techniques. Unsupervised algorithms that can learn from raw linguistic data, as humans can... | 0 |
The prominent use of social media platforms (such as Twitter) exposes individuals with an abundance of fresh information in a wide variety of forms such as texts, images, videos, etc. Meanwhile, the explosive growth of multimedia data has far outpaced individuals' capability to understand them, presenting a concrete ch... | 0 |
Online communication has helped break a lot of barriers in terms of time, distance and ease of communication. The number of active Internet users has grown rapidly over the last few years. The ease of sharing content and the lack of automatic systems for monitoring them, has led to a great increase in the amount of off... | 0 |
Identifying multiword expressions (MWEs) such as to make ends meet and to give up in running text is a challenging problem (Baldwin and Kim, 2010; Constant et al., 2017) . This is especially true for verbal MWEs (VMWEs), which, like verbs together with their subcategorization frames, are subject to complex morphologica... | 0 |
Similarities between conditionals and topics are identified by many linguists (Haiman, 1978 (Haiman, , 1993 Collins, 1998; Bittner, 2001; Bhatt & Pancheva, 2006; Ebert et al., 2008) . Some languages use an identical morpheme to mark topics and conditionals. In Japanese, for instance, a conditional suffix nara is used f... | 0 |
Coherence refers to the properties of a text that indicate how meaningful (sub-)sentential constituents are connected to convey document-level meaning. Different theories have been proposed to describe the properties that contribute to discourse coherence and some have been integrated with computational models for empi... | 0 |
Gender bias describes an inherent prejudice against a gender, captured both by individuals and larger social systems. Word embeddings, a popular machine-learnt semantic space, have been shown to retain gender bias present in corpora used to train them (Caliskan et al., 2017) . This results in gender-stereotypical vecto... | 0 |
Metaphor is a ubiquitous figurative device that represents the interaction between cognition and language (Cameron and Low, 1999) . A metaphor contains an implied analogy where a concept (represented by a word sense) is borrowed to represent another concept by exploiting common or single properties of both concepts. Ge... | 0 |
First of all some fundamentals of a constructive version of GPSG which has been developed within the projects K1T-NASEV and its successor KIT-FAST 2 will be described (for details see [Hanen- [Busemann87] and ). The reader's familarity with the fundamental knowledge of GPSG as presented in [GKPS85] will be assumed.The ... | 0 |
Over the last few decades, technology has provided us many powerful tools that have completely changed our daily routines. However, one crucial area where technology has yet to have the significant impact suggested by its true promise is in education. Most students around the world have been learning in the same manner... | 0 |
Identifying whether a work has been re-used has received increasing interest in recent years. As for documents in natural language, the amount of source code on Internet is increasing; facilitating the re-use of all or part of previously implemented programs. 1 If no reference to the original work is included, plagiari... | 0 |
One of the most important problems in natural language processing is syntactic and semantic ambiguities of expressions. Syntactic ambiguities of noun phrases, compound nouns and the conjugative relation of predicates are considered to be the most difficult problems in Japanese sentence analysis. On the other hand, in t... | 0 |
Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully applied to many applications, such as computer games, text-based games, and robot control applications (Mnih et al., 2015; Narasimhan et al., 2015; Kimura, 2018; . However, these methods require many training trials for converging to the optimal action policy, and ... | 0 |
We consider the problem of creating the best possible statistical machine translation (SMT) system for a specific domain when no parallel sample or training data from such domain is available. We assume that we have access to a collection of phrase tables (PT) and other models independently created from now unavailable... | 0 |
Modern linguistic theories (Sadock, 1991; Jackendoff, 2002) promote the view that different aspects of language, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics should be viewed as autonomous modules that work simultaneously and are linked with each other by interfaces that describe their interaction and interdepe... | 0 |
Although we had been engaged in developing an MT system of texts for several years (Mu project [Nagao85, ]), we were puzzle(| when we examined the data of dialogue translation gathered by the research group of ATR, which is a newly established research organization for translation of telephone dialogues and is now gath... | 0 |
There have been many theoretical and applied works related to collocations. A rapidly growing awfilability of copora has attracted interests m statistical methods for automatically extractmg ¢:o]loeations from textual corpora. However, it is not easy to )dentify the central tendencies of collocation distribution and th... | 0 |
Textual entailment (Dagan et al., 2005) , also known as natural language inference (Bowman et al., 2015) , is a core natural language processing (NLP) task. It can predict effectiveness of reading comprehension (Dagan et al., 2010) , which argues that it can form the foundation of many other NLP tasks, and is a useful ... | 0 |
Over the last years, the usage of conversational assistants has become extremely popular. On a daily basis, people request weather information, check calendar appointments, perform calls. Large part of the conversational and natural language understanding happens on the server side and then fulfilled resulting in respo... | 0 |
Statistical machine translation (SMT) technology enables rapid construction of systems for any language pair with sufficient translated text as training material. Unfortunately, large parallel corpora simply do not exist for many socially and economically relevant language pairs. To cope with data scarcity, machine lea... | 0 |
Deep neural networks are powerful but vulnerable to adversarial examples that are intentionally crafted to fool the networks. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of deep neural networks in many NLP tasks, including reading comprehension (Jia and Liang, 2017) , text classification (Samanta and Mehta, 2017; Wong,... | 0 |
Opinion articles serve as an important media to convey the authors' values, beliefs, and stances on important societal issues. Automatically generating long-form opinion articles has the potential of facilitating various tasks, such as essay writing and speech drafting, and it is the focus of this work. Though opinion ... | 0 |
As science developed to become an established sociocultural domain from the early modern times, it underwent a process of specialization. We assume that due to specialization, scientific texts exhibit greater encoding density over time, i.e. more compact, shorter linguistic forms are increasingly used, in order to maxi... | 0 |
Research on text summarization dates back since the 1950s and with the growth of the Internet it has become a popular research topic in last decade. Text summarization reduces text search time by providing the most relevant information from the documents which enables users to comprehend more quickly the main ideas of ... | 0 |
Minimum Error Rate Training (MERT) (Och, 2003) is an iterative procedure for training a log-linear statistical machine translation (SMT) model (Och and Ney, 2002) . MERT optimises model parameters directly against a criterion based on an automated translation quality metric, such as BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) . Koehn... | 0 |
Identifying discourse relations is important for many applications, such as text/conversation understanding, single/multi-document summarization and question answering. (Marcu and Echihabi 2002) proposed a method to identify discourse relations between text segments using Naïve Bayes classifiers trained on a huge corpu... | 0 |
Question generation (QG) aims to create natural questions from a given a sentence or paragraph. One key application of question generation is in the area of education -to generate questions for reading comprehension materials (Heilman and Smith, 2010). Figure 1 , for example, shows three manually generated questions th... | 0 |
In the era of deep learning, research has achieved extremely good performance in most supervised learning settings Yang et al., 2016) . However, when there is only limited labeled data, supervised deep learning models often suffer from over-fitting (Xie et al., 2019) . This strong dependence on labeled data largely pre... | 0 |
Ellipsis is one of the central concerns of modern linguistic theory. Despite its importance, as noted by Bos & Spenader (2011) , large-scale annotated corpora of elliptical phenomena are rare. Bos & Spender's own work is part of small group of papers attempting to annotate elliptical phenomena systematically. Much of t... | 0 |
Recently knowledge graphs (KGs), structured representations of knowledge bases, have become an essential component of systems that perform question-answering (Berant et al., 2013) , provide decision support, and enable exploration and discovery (Dong et al., 2014) . Initial efforts to create KGs focused on structured i... | 0 |
There has been much research on the automatic identification and extraction of opinions and sentiments in text. Researchers from many subareas of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have been working on the automatic identification of opinions and related tasks. To date, most such work has foc... | 0 |
Information Structure (Halliday, 1967; Prince, 1981; Prince, 1992; Gundel et al., 1993; Lambrecht, 1994; Birner and Ward, 1998; Kruijff-Korbayová and Steedman, 2003) studies structural and semantic properties of a sentence according to its relation to the discourse context. Information structure affects how discourse e... | 0 |
Natural language processing systems often constrain the set of "utterances" from a user (spoken, typed in, etc.) to narrow down the possible syntactic and semantic resolutions of the utterance and reduce the number of misrecognitions and/or misunderstandings by the system. Such constraints on the allowed syntax and the... | 0 |
Open-domain question answering technologies allow users to ask a question in natural language and obtain the answer itself rather than a list of documents that contain the answer. These technologies make it possible to retrieve information itself rather than merely documents, and will lead to new styles of information ... | 0 |
As machine translation (MT) research advances, the importance of its evaluation also grows. Efficient evaluation methodologies are needed both for facilitating the system development cycle and for providing an unbiased comparison between systems. To this end, a number of automatic evaluation metrics have been proposed ... | 0 |
Autoregressive sequence to sequence (seq2seq) models such as Transformers (Vaswani et al., 2017) are trained to maximize the log-likelihood of the target sequence, conditioned on the input sequence. Furthermore, approximate inference (search) is typically done using the beam search algorithm (Reddy, 1988) , which allow... | 0 |
Data-driven Dependency Parsing algorithms are broadly categorized into two approaches (Kübler et al., 2009) . Transition based parsers traverse the sentence from left to right 1 using greedy, local inference. Graph based parsers use global inference and seek a tree structure maximizing some scoring function defined ove... | 0 |
Young children routinely learn to group words into phrases, yet computational methods have so far struggled to accomplish this task without supervision. Previous work on unsupervised grammar induction has made progress by exploiting information such as gold-standard part of speech tags (e.g. Klein and Manning (2004) ) ... | 0 |
This paper describes our submission to the Multilingual Information Access (MIA) 2022 Shared Task on Cross-Lingual Open-Retrieval Question Answering. Cross-lingual open-retrieval question answering is the task of finding an answer to a knowledge-seeking question in the same language as the question from a collection of... | 0 |
Descriptions of source code are very important documents for programmers. Good descriptions help programmers understand the meaning of code quickly and easily.Source code has sequential information (code tokens) and structural information (dependency and structure). To understand the content of the code and generate a ... | 0 |
The development of Machine Translation (MT) requires efficient quality evaluation of the outputs. The widely used MT metric BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) satisfies this demand. However, BLEU requires human reference translations which costs labor and time to generate. Quality Estimation (QE) is an alternative to evaluat... | 0 |
Nowadays, statistical machine translation (SMT) systems are data-driven, and thus critically depend on the available resources for training, tuning and evaluation. These resources are hard to obtain, which has limited research to a small number of language pairs for which biligual sentence-aligned parallel corpora, cal... | 0 |
Sequencing is a task for children that is aimed at improving understanding of the temporal occurrence of a sequence of events. The task is, given a jumbled set of images (and maybe captions) that belong to a single story, sort them into the correct order so that they form a coherent story. Our motivation in this work i... | 0 |
Supersense tagging is a coarse-grained word sense disambiguation task, which bases its sense inventory on the top level of Princeton Wordnet (Fellbaum, 1998) , taken from lexicographer files. A supersense is more general than a synset, grouping many related sense distinctions together, while keeping important semantic ... | 0 |
Automatic text summarization is the process of reducing the length of text documents, while retaining the essential qualities of the orginal. Many search engines have tried to solve the problem of information overflowing by showing either the title and beginning of of a document. However, such the title and beginning a... | 0 |
Email and online forums are important social media. For example, thousands of emails and posts are created daily in online communities, e.g., Usenet newsgroups or the TripAdvisor travel forum 1 , in which users interact with each other using emails/posts in complicated ways in discussion threads. To uncover the rich in... | 0 |
Biomedical question-answering (QA) aims to provide users with succinct answers given their queries by analysing a large-scale scientific literature. It enables clinicians, public health officials and endusers to quickly access the rapid flow of specialised knowledge continuously produced. This has led the research comm... | 0 |
In order to interpret a sequence of utterances fully, one must know how the utterances cohere; that is, one must be able to infer implicit relationships as well as non-relationships between the utterances. Consider the following fragment, taken from a terminal transcript between a user and a computer operator (Mann [12... | 0 |
Named entity recognition (NER) consists of identification and classification of named entities in text. Biomedical NER (BMNER) is a crucial problem in healthcare as it is the initial step in solving various tasks, such as relation extraction, semantic role labeling, and clinical decision making (De Bruijn and Martin, 2... | 0 |
The dominant paradigm for neural text generation is based on left-to-right decoding from autoregressive language models such as GPT-2/3 (Radford et al., 2019; Brown et al., 2020) . Under this paradigm, common decoding techniques such as beam search or top-k/p sampling (Holtzman et al., 2020) determine which token to ge... | 0 |
The Japanese language has various types of functional expressions, which are very important for understanding their semantic contents. Those functional expressions are also problematic in further applications such as MT of Japanese sentences into English. This problem can be partially recognized by the fact that the Ja... | 0 |
In Machine Translation (MT), measuring the quality of a large amount of automatic translations can be a challenge. Automatic metrics like BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) remain popular due to their fast and free computations. Yet, in the last few years we have seen that, as MT quality improves, automatic metrics become le... | 0 |
This paper describes a layered approach to information retrieval, and the natural language component that is a major element in that approach. The layered approach, packaged as Intermezzo TM, was deployed in a pre-product form at a government site. The NLP component has been installed, with a proprietary IR engine, Pho... | 0 |
Automatically assessing student answers is a challenging natural language processing task (NLP). It is a way to make test grading easier and improve adaptive tutoring (Dzikovska et al., 2010) , and is the goal of the SemEval 2013's task 7, titled Joint Student Response Analysis. More specifically, given a question, a k... | 0 |
There has been an increased interest in discovering the semantics of Noun Compounds (NCs 1 ). There are two reasons that make this task quite essential and interesting in text understanding: (i) their implicit nature, for instance the NC 'monday meeting' is the meeting scheduled on monday (Temporal), 'teacher meeting' ... | 0 |
Much progress has been made in recent years in automatic, open-domain question answering (e.g., Voorhees (2001) , Voorhees (2002) , Voorhees and Buckland (2003) ). The bulk of the research in this area, however, addresses fact-based questions like: "When did McDonald's open its first restaurant?" or "What is the Kyoto ... | 0 |
Translating long and complex sentences has been a critical problem in machine translation. A standard phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) system cannot solve the problem of word reordering in the target when the source sentence has a complex structure. A syntax-based machine translation system could solv... | 0 |
The rising influence of fake news poses a clear threat to ethical journalism and the future of democracy. In order to tackle the sheer volume of fake news produced, robust automatic techniques to counter it need to be developed. To that end, in order to facilitate researchers to develop algorithms, a number of fact che... | 0 |
It is difficult to give a comprehensive definition of what instrumentality is. In WordNet it is defined as 'an artifact, or a set of artifacts, that are instrumental (i.e. behave as instruments) in accomplishing some end', i.e. reaching a certain goal. In this definition, the triple relation agent-instrumentgoal (as in... | 0 |
Although modern neural network architectures reach state-of-the-art performance in many challenging natural language tasks, they seem to exhibit a low amount of "compositional generalization", i.e., the ability to learn a set of basic primitives and combine them in more complex ways than those seen during training (Hup... | 0 |
Taiwan Mandarin is the result of language contact between Mandarin Chinese and Taiwanese Southern Min(TSM). There have been plenty of investigations on novel usages brought about by influence from TSM, including Kubler(1985) , Tsai(2002) and Zeng(2003) . However, these previous investigations mainly focus on the differ... | 0 |
It is often the case that instances of language use -in writing or speech of native and non-native speakers alike -do not comply with a conventional pattern specified in standard handbooks or seen as appropriate by the community of native speakers. 1 Yet the message is often intelligible and the communication is not ha... | 0 |
Since Lakoff and Johnson [1] , the study of metaphor has made great progress in cognitive linguistics. It has been well established that there are inter-domain mappings of concepts in two different domains, and that the set of correspondences between them are called "conceptual metaphors." Research has also shown that ... | 0 |
Heart failure (HF) is defined as "a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill or eject blood" (Hunt et al., 2009) . Approximately 5 million Americans currently live with this condition. In the United States, minority co... | 0 |
In the information era, language technologies and language processing have become a crucial issue to our social development which should benefit from the information technology. However, there are many communities whose languages have been less studied and developed for such need.Mongolian is one of the Altaic family l... | 0 |
In the extensive researches on natural language processing (NLP), most of the tasks are based on word-level methods because word is the smallest linguistic unit in natural languages. It has rich feature information. However, the situation is totally different when dealing with the Chinese language. There is not clearly... | 0 |
The goal of Natural Language Generation (NLG) is to produce natural texts given structured data. Typically, NLG is sub-divided into two tasks: Content Planning and Surface Realization (Hovy et al., 1996; Reiter and Dale, 2000) . While Content Planning focuses on selecting the most appropriate content to convey, Surface... | 0 |
Discourse of any kind is not formed by independent and isolated textual units, but by related and structured units. Discourse analysis seeks to uncover such structures underneath the surface of the text, and has been shown to be beneficial for text summarization (Louis et al., 2010; Marcu, 2000b) , sentence compression... | 0 |
People constantly interact with texts in everyday life. While many people read for enjoyment, some texts must be read out of necessity. For example, to file taxes, open a bank account, apply for a driver's license or rent a house, one must read instructions and the contents of forms, applications, and other documents. ... | 0 |
A lot of recent work deals with detecting and matching cognate words in corpora of closely related language varieties. This approach is also useful for processing historical language (Piotrowski, 2012) , where historical word forms are matched against contemporary forms, thus normalizing the varied and changing spellin... | 0 |
In this paper we investigate Synchronous TAG as defined in Shieber (1994) (hereafter just S-TAG). This forrnalism has attractive characteristics such as the weak language preservation property (WLPP), whereby the power of the component TAGs is not altered by their synchronisation. A canonical example of the (potential)... | 0 |
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