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955763 | Ideal nodal rings of one-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible region | Photonic Dirac cone is a special kind of degenerate state with linear dispersion, which is ubiquitous in various two-dimensional photonic crystals. By introducing the spatial inversion symmetry breaking, photonic Dirac cone will transit to valley states. Such photonic crystals are called valley photonic crystals. In th... | 10.1038/s41377-022-00821-9 | 2,022 | Light Science & Applications | Ideal nodal rings of one-dimensional photonic crystals in the visible region | Three-dimensional (3D) artificial metacrystals host rich topological phases, such as Weyl points, nodal rings, and 3D photonic topological insulators. These topological states enable a wide range of applications, including 3D robust waveguides, one-way fiber, and negative refraction of the surface wave. However, these ... |
843676 | Identification of RNA editing profiles and their clinical relevance in lung adenocarcinoma | The incidence rate of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is increasing gradually and the mortality is still high. Recent advances in the genomic profile of LUAD have identified a number of driver alterations in specific genes, enabling molecular classification and targeted therapy accordingly. However, only a fraction of LUAD ... | 10.1007/s11427-020-1928-0 | 2,021 | Science China Life Sciences | Identification of A-to-I RNA editing profiles and their clinical relevance in lung adenocarcinoma | Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tissues of 80 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients from our Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort (NJLCC) and 486 L... |
832779 | Focus on context diminishes memory of negative events, researchers report | In a new study, researchers report they can manipulate how the brain encodes and retains emotional memories. The scientists found that focusing on the neutral details of a disturbing scene can weaken a person's later memories - and negative impressions - of that scene.
The findings, reported in the journal Neuropsychol... | 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107338 | 2,020 | Neuropsychologia | The impact of focused attention on subsequent emotional recollection: A functional MRI investigation | In his seminal works, Endel Tulving argued that functionally distinct memory systems give rise to subjective experiences of remembering and knowing (i.e., recollection- vs. familiarity-based memory, respectively). Evidence shows that emotion specifically enhances recollection, and this effect is subserved by a synergis... |
667182 | New childhood dementia insight | Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome, an untreatable form of childhood-onset dementia, Australian researchers ask in a new publication.
The findings of the NHMRC-funded project, just published in international journal Acta Neuropathologica Communications, highlight the potential for using widely av... | 10.1186/s40478-020-01070-w | 2,020 | Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Is the eye a window to the brain in Sanfilippo syndrome? | Abstract Sanfilippo syndrome is an untreatable form of childhood-onset dementia. Whilst several therapeutic strategies are being evaluated in human clinical trials including i.v. delivery of AAV9-based gene therapy, an urgent unmet need is the availability of non-invasive, quantitative measures of neurodegeneration. We... |
917471 | Feeding 10 billion people by 2050 within planetary limits may be achievable | A global shift towards healthy and more plant-based diets, halving food loss and waste, and improving farming practices and technologies are required to feed 10 billion people sustainably by 2050, a new study finds. Adopting these options reduces the risk of crossing global environmental limits related to climate chang... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0594-0 | 2,018 | Nature | Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits | The food system is a major driver of climate change, changes in land use, depletion of freshwater resources, and pollution of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems through excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. Here we show that between 2010 and 2050, as a result of expected changes in population and income levels, the... |
515982 | Systems pharmacology modelers accelerate drug discovery in Alzheimer's | Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease which leads to the senile cognitive impairment and memory loss. Every third person older than 70 years suffers from it. Such changes are caused by functional disorders and subsequent death of neurons. However triggers of processes resulting in brain cell death are stil... | 10.1002/psp4.12211 | 2,017 | CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology | A Translational Systems Pharmacology Model for Aβ Kinetics in Mouse, Monkey, and Human | A mechanistic model of amyloid beta production, degradation, and distribution was constructed for mouse, monkey, and human, calibrated and externally verified across multiple datasets. Simulations of single-dose avagacestat treatment demonstrate that the Aβ42 brain inhibition may exceed that in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF... |
975218 | New study models the transmission of foreshock waves towards Earth | An international team of scientists led by Lucile Turc, an Academy Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki and supported by the International Space Science Institute in Bern has studied the propagation of electromagnetic waves in near-Earth space for three years. The team has studied the waves in the area where t... | 10.1038/s41567-022-01837-z | 2,022 | Nature Physics | Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth’s bow shock | The Earth's magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with ... |
912619 | Tungsten offers nano-interconnects a path of least resistance | As microchips become ever smaller and therefore faster, the shrinking size of their copper interconnects leads to increased electrical resistivity at the nanoscale. Finding a solution to this impending technical bottleneck is a major problem for the semiconductor industry.
One promising possibility involves reducing th... | 10.1063/1.5004118 | 2,017 | Journal of Applied Physics | The anisotropic size effect of the electrical resistivity of metal thin films: Tungsten | The resistivity of nanoscale metallic conductors is orientation dependent, even if the bulk resistivity is isotropic and electron scattering cross-sections are independent of momentum, surface orientation, and transport direction. This is demonstrated using a combination of electron transport measurements on epitaxial ... |
504278 | Sunfleck use research needs appropriate experimental leaves | "All the roads of learning begin in the darkness and go out into the light."
This quote is often attributed to Hippocrates and exhibits a double level of relevance in photosynthesis research. The use of light by plant leaves to drive photosynthesis is often studied in steady state environments, but most plant leaves ar... | 10.3390/plants9070905 | 2,020 | Plants | Artifleck: The Study of Artifactual Responses to Light Flecks with Inappropriate Leaves | Methods in sunfleck research commonly employ the use of experimental leaves which were constructed in homogeneous light. These experimental organs may behave unnaturally when they are challenged with fluctuating light. Photosynthetic responses to heterogeneous light and leaf macronutrient relations were determined for ... |
891834 | If cancer were easy, every cell would do it | A new Scientific Reports paper puts an evolutionary twist on a classic question. Instead of asking why we get cancer, Leonardo Oña of Osnabrück University and Michael Lachmann of the Santa Fe Institute use signaling theory to explore how our bodies have evolved to keep us from getting more cancer.
It isn't obvious wh... | 10.1038/s41598-020-57494-w | 2,020 | Scientific Reports | Signalling architectures can prevent cancer evolution | Abstract Cooperation between cells in multicellular organisms is preserved by an active regulation of growth through the control of cell division. Molecular signals used by cells for tissue growth are usually present during developmental stages, angiogenesis, wound healing and other processes. In this context, the use ... |
954216 | New light-powered catalysts could aid in manufacturing | Chemical reactions that are driven by light offer a powerful tool for chemists who are designing new ways to manufacture pharmaceuticals and other useful compounds. Harnessing this light energy requires photoredox catalysts, which can absorb light and transfer the energy to a chemical reaction.
MIT chemists have now de... | 10.1038/s41467-022-29811-6 | 2,022 | Nature Communications | Solution-processable microporous polymer platform for heterogenization of diverse photoredox catalysts | In contemporary organic synthesis, substances that access strongly oxidizing and/or reducing states upon irradiation have been exploited to facilitate powerful and unprecedented transformations. However, the implementation of light-driven reactions in large-scale processes remains uncommon, limited by the lack of gener... |
726114 | New genetic knowledge on the causes of severe COVID-19 | Worldwide, otherwise healthy adolescents and young people without underlying conditions are sometimes severely affected by COVID-19, with the viral infection in the worst cases quickly becoming life-threatening. But why is this happening?
A world-wide consortium of researchers is determined to investigate this - and t... | 10.1126/science.abd4570 | 2,020 | Science | Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 | The genetics underlying severe COVID-19 The immune system is complex and involves many genes, including those that encode cytokines known as interferons (IFNs). Individuals that lack specific IFNs can be more susceptible to infectious diseases. Furthermore, the autoantibody system dampens IFN response to prevent damage... |
864005 | RUDN mathematicians confirmed the possibility of data transfer via gravitational waves | RUDN mathematicians analyzed the properties of gravitational waves in a generalized affine- metrical space (an algebraic construction operating the notions of a vector and a point) similarly to the properties of electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space-time. It turned out that there is the possibility of transmitting i... | 10.1088/1361-6382/aace79 | 2,018 | Classical and Quantum Gravity | Structure of plane gravitational waves of nonmetricity in affine-metric space | A definition of an affine-metric space of the plane wave type is given using the analogy with the properties of plane electromagnetic waves in Minkowski space. The action of the Lie derivative on the 40 components of the nonmetricity 1-form in the 4-dimensional affine-metric space leads to the conclusion that the nonme... |
781128 | Compression garments reduce strength loss after training | Regular training enhances your strength, but recovery is equally important. Elastic bandages and compression garments are widely used in sports to facilitate recovery and prevent injuries. Now, a research team from Tohoku University has determined that compression garments also reduce strength loss after strenuous exer... | 10.1007/s00421-020-04507-1 | 2,020 | European Journal of Applied Physiology | A below-knee compression garment reduces fatigue-induced strength loss but not knee joint position sense errors | We examined the possibility that wearing a below-knee compression garment (CG) reduces fatigue-induced strength loss and joint position sense (JPS) errors in healthy adults.Subjects (n = 24, age = 25.5 ± 4 years) were allocated to either one of the treatment groups that performed 100 maximal isokinetic eccentric contra... |
941664 | Simpler and reliable ALS diagnosis with blood tests | Blood tests may enable more accurate diagnosis of ALS at an earlier stage of the disease. As described in a study by researchers at University of Gothenburg and Umeå University, it involves measuring the blood level of a substance that, as they have also shown, varies in concentration depending on which variant of ALS ... | 10.1038/s41598-021-01499-6 | 2,021 | Scientific Reports | Neurofilaments can differentiate ALS subgroups and ALS from common diagnostic mimics | Abstract Delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are frequent in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of motor neuron disease (MND). Neurofilament light chain (NFL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH) are elevated in ALS patients. We retrospectively quantified cerebrospinal f... |
951771 | Quantum mechanics could explain why DNA can spontaneously mutate | The molecules of life, DNA, replicate with astounding precision, yet this process is not immune to mistakes and can lead to mutations. Using sophisticated computer modelling, a team of physicists and chemists at the University of Surrey have shown that such errors in copying can arise due to the strange rules of the qu... | 10.1038/s42005-022-00881-8 | 2,022 | Communications Physics | An open quantum systems approach to proton tunnelling in DNA | Abstract One of the most important topics in molecular biology is the genetic stability of DNA. One threat to this stability is proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds of DNA that could lead to tautomerisation, hence creating point mutations. We present a theoretical analysis of the hydrogen bonds between the Guanine-... |
691436 | Dynamic model helps understand healthy lakes to heal sick ones | Development of a dynamic model for microbial populations in healthy lakes could help scientists understand what's wrong with sick lakes, prescribe cures and predict what may happen as environmental conditions change. Those are among the benefits expected from an ambitious project to model the interactions of some 18,00... | 10.1038/npjsba.2016.7 | 2,016 | npj Systems Biology and Applications | Dynamic models of the complex microbial metapopulation of lake mendota | Like many other environments, Lake Mendota, WI, USA, is populated by many thousand microbial species. Only about 1,000 of these constitute between 80 and 99% of the total microbial community, depending on the season, whereas the remaining species are rare. The functioning and resilience of the lake ecosystem depend on ... |
589555 | Quality of life with those with advanced cancer improved through walking | Walking for just 30 minutes three times per week could improve the quality of life for those with advanced cancer, a new study published in the BMJ Open journal has found.
Researchers from the University of Surrey collaborated with those form the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery at King's College Lon... | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013719 | 2,017 | BMJ Open | CanWalk: a feasibility study with embedded randomised controlled trial pilot of a walking intervention for people with recurrent or metastatic cancer | Objectives Walking is an adaptable, inexpensive and accessible form of physical activity. However, its impact on quality of life (QoL) and symptom severity in people with advanced cancer is unknown. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a community-based ... |
646613 | New research shows effectiveness of laws for protecting imperiled species, remaining gaps | New research from the Center for Conservation Innovation (CCI) at Defenders of Wildlife, published in the journal Nature Communications, shows for the first time the importance of expert agencies to protecting imperiled species. This paper, "Data Indicate the Importance of Expert Agencies in Conservation Policy," empir... | 10.1038/s41467-019-11462-9 | 2,019 | Nature Communications | Novel data show expert wildlife agencies are important to endangered species protection | Abstract To protect biodiversity, conservation laws should be evaluated and improved using data. We provide a comprehensive assessment of how a key provision of the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) is implemented: consultation to ensure federal actions do not jeopardize the existence of listed species. Data from all 2... |
968908 | Study shows inexpensive, readily available chemical may limit impact of COVID-19 | Preclinical studies in mice that model human COVID-19 suggest that an inexpensive, readily available amino acid might limit the effects of the disease and provide a new off-the-shelf therapeutic option for infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants and perhaps future novel coronaviruses.
A team led by researchers at the David... | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007955 | 2,022 | Frontiers in Immunology | A GABA-receptor agonist reduces pneumonitis severity, viral load, and death rate in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice | Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-receptors (GABA-Rs) form a major neurotransmitter system in the brain. GABA-Rs are also expressed by 1) cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and act to inhibit their inflammatory activities, and 2) lung epithelial cells and GABA-R agonists/potentiators have been observe... |
514157 | Rare congenital heart defect rescued by protease inhibition | Greenwood, SC (October 15, 2020) - A research team at the Greenwood Genetic Center (GGC) has successfully used small molecules to restore normal heart and valve development in an animal model for Mucolipidosis II (ML II), a rare genetic disorder. Progressive heart disease is commonly associated with ML II. The study is... | 10.1172/jci.insight.133019 | 2,020 | JCI Insight | Inappropriate cathepsin K secretion promotes its enzymatic activation driving heart and valve malformation | Although congenital heart defects (CHDs) represent the most common birth defect, a comprehensive understanding of disease etiology remains unknown. This is further complicated since CHDs can occur in isolation or as a feature of another disorder. Analyzing disorders with associated CHDs provides a powerful platform to ... |
644655 | Half of vision impairment in first world is preventable | Around half of vision impairment in Western Europe is preventable, according to a new study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology.
The study was carried out by the Vision Loss Expert Group, led by Professor Rupert Bourne of Anglia Ruskin University, and shows the prevalence and causes of vision loss in high... | 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311258 | 2,018 | British Journal of Ophthalmology | Prevalence and causes of vision loss in high-income countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections | Background Within a surveillance of the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in high-income regions and Central/Eastern Europe, we update figures through 2015 and forecast expected values in 2020. Methods Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impai... |
562952 | Neurons: 'String of lights' indicates excitation propagation | A type of novel molecular voltage sensor makes it possible to watch nerve cells at work. The principle of the method has been known for some time. However, researchers at the University of Bonn and the University of California in Los Angeles have now succeeded in significantly improving it. It allows the propagation of... | 10.1073/pnas.2020235118 | 2,021 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | A dark quencher genetically encodable voltage indicator (dqGEVI) exhibits high fidelity and speed | Significance Voltage sensing with genetically expressed optical probes is highly desirable for large-scale recordings of neuronal activity and detection of localized voltage signals in single neurons. Here we describe a method for a two-component (hybrid) genetically encodable fluorescent voltage sensing in neurons. Th... |
974327 | Producing ‘green’ energy — literally — from living plant ‘bio-solar cells’ | Though plants can serve as a source of food, oxygen and décor, they’re not often considered to be a good source of electricity. But by collecting electrons naturally transported within plant cells, scientists can generate electricity as part of a “green,” biological solar cell. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Applied... | 10.1021/acsami.2c15123 | 2,022 | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | Self-Enclosed Bio-Photoelectrochemical Cell in Succulent Plants | Harvesting an electrical current from biological photosynthetic systems (live cells or isolated complexes) is typically achieved by immersion of the system into an electrolyte solution. In this study, we show that the aqueous solution found in the tissues of succulent plants can be used directly as a natural bio-photo ... |
477513 | Potential new therapy takes aim at a lethal esophageal cancer's glutamine addiction | Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) have found a way to target drug-resistant esophageal cancer cells by exploiting the different energy needs of cancerous versus healthy cells. This breakthrough is now opening the doorway to new treatments for an otherwise lethal cancer. The findings of the ... | 10.1038/s41467-019-09179-w | 2,019 | Nature Communications | Targeting glutamine-addiction and overcoming CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Abstract The dysregulation of Fbxo4-cyclin D1 axis occurs at high frequency in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), where it promotes ESCC development and progression. However, defining a therapeutic vulnerability that results from this dysregulation has remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that Rb and mTORC1 co... |
578270 | Low fitness may indicate poor arterial health in adolescents | A recent Finnish study conducted at the University of Jyväskylä showed that adolescents with better aerobic fitness have more compliant arteries than their lower fit peers do. The study also suggests that a higher anaerobic threshold is linked to better arterial health. The results were published in the European Journa... | 10.1007/s00421-018-3963-3 | 2,018 | European Journal of Applied Physiology | Peak oxygen uptake, ventilatory threshold, and arterial stiffness in adolescents | To investigate the associations of peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] at ventilatory threshold ([Formula: see text] at VT) with arterial stiffness in adolescents.The participants were 55 adolescents (36 girls, 19 boys) aged 16-19 years. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) and augmentation i... |
923928 | A Highly-Accurate and Broadband Terahertz Counter Eyes "Beyond 5G / 6G" | [Abstract]
The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT, President: TOKUDA Hideyuki, Ph.D.) has developed a broadband and high-precision terahertz (THz) frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer. It showed a measurement uncertainty of less than 1 x 10-16 from 0.... | 10.1088/1681-7575/ac0712 | 2,021 | Metrologia | Terahertz frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer with four-octave measurable bandwidth and 16-digit precision | Abstract We have developed a broadband and high-precision terahertz (THz) frequency counter based on a semiconductor-superlattice harmonic mixer (SLHM). Comparison of two THz frequencies determined using two independent counters and direct measurement of frequency-stabilized THz-quantum cascade lasers by a single count... |
665216 | Evidence-based patient-psychotherapist matching improves mental health care | In first-of-its kind research led by a University of Massachusetts Amherst psychotherapy researcher, mental health care patients matched with therapists who had a strong track record of treating the patients' primary concerns had better results than patients who were not so matched.
In addition, this "match effect" wa... | 10.1037/ccp0000644 | 2,021 | Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology | For whom does a match matter most? Patient-level moderators of evidence-based patient–therapist matching. | A double-blind, randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of a personalized Match System in which patients are assigned to therapists with a "track record" of effectively treating a given patient's primary concern(s) (e.g., anxiety). Matched patients demonstrated significantly better outcomes than those assi... |
781599 | Stressed lemurs have worse chances of survival | a sign of long-term stress--are associated with reduced survival in wild grey mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), according to a study published in the open access journal BMC Ecology.
Researchers at the German Primate Centre and Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany found that grey mouse lemurs with high levels o... | 10.1186/s12898-017-0140-1 | 2,017 | BMC Ecology | Hair cortisol concentrations correlate negatively with survival in a wild primate population | Glucocorticoid hormones are known to play a key role in mediating a cascade of physiological responses to social and ecological stressors and can therefore influence animals' behaviour and ultimately fitness. Yet, how glucocorticoid levels are associated with reproductive success or survival in a natural setting has re... |
804711 | Plant-based diets high in carbs improve type 1 diabetes, according to new case studies | 10.35248/2155-6156.20.11.847 | 2,020 | Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism | Plant-Based Diets for Type 1 Diabetes | Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. The increasing incidence (at a worldwide rate of 3-5% a year) suggests that in addition to the genetic component, the risk may be influenced by environmental factors,... | |
489496 | 'Biggest loser' study reveals how dieting affects long-term metabolism | While it's known that metabolism slows when people diet, new research indicates that metabolism remains suppressed even when people regain much of the weight they lost while dieting.
The findings come from a study of contestants in "The Biggest Loser" television series. Despite substantial weight regain in the 6 years ... | 10.1002/oby.21538 | 2,016 | Obesity | Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition | Objective To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and... |
875016 | MIPT biophysicists found a way to take a peek at how membrane receptors work | In a study published in Current Opinion in Structural Biology, MIPT biophysicists explained ways to visualize membrane receptors in their different states. Detailed information on the structure and dynamics of these proteins will enable developing effective and safe drugs to treat many sorts of conditions.
Every second... | 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.03.004 | 2,020 | Current Opinion in Structural Biology | Beyond structure: emerging approaches to study GPCR dynamics | G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest superfamily of membrane proteins that are involved in regulation of sensory and physiological processes and implicated in many diseases. The last decade revolutionized the GPCR field by unraveling multiple high-resolution structures of many different receptors ... |
934580 | Competing quantum interactions enable single molecules to stand up | Nanoscale machinery has many uses, including drug delivery, single-atom transistor technology, or memory storage. However, the machinery must be assembled at the nanoscale which is a considerable challenge for researchers.
For nanotechnology engineers the ultimate goal is to be able to assemble functional machinery par... | 10.1126/sciadv.abj9751 | 2,021 | Science Advances | The stabilization potential of a standing molecule | The part-by-part assembly of functional nanoscale machinery is a central goal of nanotechnology. With the recent fabrication of an isolated standing molecule with a scanning probe microscope, the third dimension perpendicular to the surface will soon become accessible to molecule-based construction. Beyond the flatland... |
538972 | Illinois researchers publish article describing Illinois RapidVent Emergency Ventilator | The design, testing, and validation of the Illinois RapidVent emergency ventilator has been published in the journal Plos One. The article, "Emergency Ventilator for COVID-19," by University of Illinois Urbana researchers, is the first of its kind to report such details about an emergency ventilator that was designed, ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0244963 | 2,020 | PLoS ONE | Emergency ventilator for COVID-19 | The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the world in 2020 by spreading at unprecedented rates and causing tens of thousands of fatalities within a few months. The number of deaths dramatically increased in regions where the number of patients in need of hospital care exceeded the availability of care. Many COVID-19 patients ex... |
905618 | Game time and direction of travel are associated with college football team performance | DARIEN, IL - A study of NCAA Division I college football games found a significant association between the performance of away teams and both their direction of travel and the time of day when games were played.
Results show that away teams playing in the afternoon allowed 5% more points and forced 13% more opponent tu... | 10.1093/sleep/zsab072.286 | 2,021 | SLEEP | 287 East? I Thought You Said Weast! The Influence of Travel on College Football Team Performance | Abstract Introduction Previous research in professional basketball and baseball has shown that traveling up to three hours westward can hamper performance due to circadian disadvantages. However, findings in the context of collegiate football are conflicting, as some prior studies have reported negative effects on scor... |
916542 | Study: Meditation and ballet associated with wisdom | Wisdom is often linked with age, but not all elders are wise. So, what makes a person wise?
A new study, "The Relationship between Mental and Somatic Practices and Wisdom," published Feb. 18, 2016, in PLOS ONE, confirms the age-old conception that meditation is associated with wisdom. Surprisingly, it also concludes th... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0149369 | 2,016 | PLoS ONE | The Relationship between Mental and Somatic Practices and Wisdom | In this study we sought to explore how experience with specific mental and somatic practices is associated with wisdom, using self-report measures of experience and wisdom. We administered standard surveys to measure wisdom and experience among four groups of practitioners of mental and somatic practices, namely, medit... |
884183 | Ladies, this is why fertility declines with age | Montreal, April 3, 2017 - Researchers at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM) have discovered a possible new explanation for female infertility. Thanks to cutting-edge microscopy techniques, they observed for the first time a specific defect in the eggs of older mice. This defect may also be fou... | 10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.025 | 2,017 | Current Biology | Intrinsically Defective Microtubule Dynamics Contribute to Age-Related Chromosome Segregation Errors in Mouse Oocyte Meiosis-I | Chromosome segregation errors in mammalian oocytes compromise development and are particularly prevalent in older females, but the aging-related cellular changes that promote segregation errors remain unclear [1, 2]. Aging causes a loss of meiotic chromosome cohesion, which can explain premature disjunction of sister c... |
836128 | Global biodiversity crisis is a large-scale reorganization, with greatest loss in tropical oceans | Local biodiversity of species - the scale on which humans feel contributions from biodiversity - is being rapidly reorganized, according to a new global analysis of biodiversity data from more than 200 studies, together representing all major biomes. The findings are important as historically, "it has been surprisingly... | 10.1126/science.aaw1620 | 2,019 | Science | The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblages | Spatial structure of species change Biodiversity is undergoing rapid change driven by climate change and other human influences. Blowes et al. analyze the global patterns in temporal change in biodiversity using a large quantity of time-series data from different regions (see the Perspective by Eriksson and Hillebrand)... |
972162 | Mom’s dietary fat rewires male and female brains differently | More than half of all women in the United States are overweight or obese when they become pregnant. While being or becoming overweight during pregnancy can have potential health risks for moms, there are also hints that it may tip the scales for their kids to develop psychiatric disorders like autism or depression, whi... | 10.1038/s42255-022-00693-8 | 2,022 | Nature Metabolism | Maternal diet disrupts the placenta–brain axis in a sex-specific manner | <jats:title>SUMMARY</jats:title><jats:p>High maternal weight is associated with a number of detrimental outcomes in offspring, including increased susceptibility to neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, and communicative disorders (e.g. autism spectrum disorders)<jats:sup>1–8</jats:sup>. Despite widesprea... |
582202 | First identification of brain's preparation for action | Neuroscientists at Bangor University, (Wales,UK) and University College London (UCL) have for the first time, identified the processes which occur in our brains milliseconds before we undertake a series of movements, crucial for speech, handwriting, sports or playing a musical instrument. They have done so by measuring... | 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.018 | 2,019 | Neuron | Neural Competitive Queuing of Ordinal Structure Underlies Skilled Sequential Action | Fluent retrieval and execution of movement sequences is essential for daily activities, but the neural mechanisms underlying sequence planning remain elusive. Here participants learned finger press sequences with different orders and timings and reproduced them in a magneto-encephalography (MEG) scanner. We classified ... |
480823 | Controlled dynamics of colloidal rods | Colloidal particles have become increasingly important for research as vehicles of biochemical agents. In future, it will be possible to study their behaviour much more efficiently than before by placing them on a magnetised chip. A research team from the University of Bayreuth reports on these new findings in the jour... | 10.1038/s41467-020-18467-9 | 2,020 | Nature Communications | Simultaneous polydirectional transport of colloidal bipeds | Detailed control over the motion of colloidal particles is relevant in many applications in colloidal science such as lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, we use an external magnetic field to assemble paramagnetic colloidal spheres into colloidal rods of several lengths. The rods reside above a square magnetic pattern and are ... |
634450 | Neanderthals used resin 'glue' to craft their stone tools | 10.1371/journal.pone.0213473 | 2,019 | PLoS ONE | Hafting of Middle Paleolithic tools in Latium (central Italy): New data from Fossellone and Sant’Agostino caves | Hafting of stone tools was an important advance in the technology of the Paleolithic. Evidence of hafting in the Middle Paleolithic is growing and is not limited to points hafted on spears for thrusting or throwing. This article describes the identification of adhesive used for hafting on a variety of stone tools from ... | |
645332 | Ultrasound selectively damages cancer cells when tuned to correct frequencies | Doctors have used focused ultrasound to destroy tumors without invasive surgery for some time. However, the therapeutic ultrasound used in clinics today indiscriminately damages cancer and healthy cells alike.
Most forms of ultrasound-based therapies either use high-intensity beams to heat and destroy cells or special... | 10.1063/1.5100292 | 2,019 | Applied Physics Letters | Narrow band photoacoustic lamb wave generation for nondestructive testing using candle soot nanoparticle patches | The generation of ultrasonic surface waves with a photoacoustic-laser-source has become useful for the noncontact nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of materials and structures. In this work, a hybrid ultrasound based NDT&E method is proposed based on the photoacoustic-laser-source as a noncontact La... |
932724 | Veterinary science: Almost a quarter of a million unowned cats estimated in UK urban areas | The number of unowned cats in urban areas of the UK is estimated to be 247,429 according to a modelling study published in Scientific Reports. The authors suggest that urban areas with higher human density and deprivation may have more unowned cats (feral, lost or abandoned cats).
Drs. Jenni McDonald and Elizabeth S... | 10.1038/s41598-021-99298-6 | 2,021 | Scientific Reports | Human influences shape the first spatially explicit national estimate of urban unowned cat abundance | Abstract Globally, unowned cats are a common element of urban landscapes, and the focus of diverse fields of study due to welfare, conservation and public health concerns. However, their abundance and distribution are poorly understood at large spatial scales. Here, we use an Integrated Abundance Model to counter biase... |
977568 | Migraine: how to diagnose, manage and prevent | Migraine is a major cause of disability, affecting about 12% of people. A 2-part series published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal) on diagnosing and managing the condition with both acute and preventive therapy provides guidance for clinicians
https://www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.211969.
"The goal ... | 10.1503/cmaj.211969 | 2,023 | Canadian Medical Association Journal | Diagnosis and acute management of migraine | See related review article at www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.221607 (to be published February 6, 2023) and a first-person account of the difficulty of finding migraine treatment at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.221813][1] KEY POINTS Migraine affects about 12% of adults, with a |
777653 | Use of HINTS exam in emergency department is of limited value | DES PLAINES, IL - The diagnostic value of the Head-Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew (HINTS) exam in the emergency department setting is limited. This is the result of a study titled Diagnostic Accuracy of the HINTS Exam in an Emergency Department: A Retrospective Chart Review, which will be published in the April issue... | 10.1111/acem.14171 | 2,020 | Academic Emergency Medicine | Diagnostic Accuracy of the HINTS Exam in an Emergency Department: A Retrospective Chart Review | Abstract Introduction The HINTS exam is a series of bedside ocular motor tests designed to distinguish between central and peripheral causes of dizziness in patients with continuous dizziness, nystagmus, and gait unsteadiness. Previous studies, where the HINTS exam was performed by trained specialists, have shown excel... |
589550 | Penn study: Today's most successful fish weren't always evolutionary standouts | approximately 96 percent--are known as teleosts, a group of ray-finned fish that emerged 260 million years ago.
Evolutionary biologists and paleontologists since Darwin have offered hypotheses to explain why teleosts seem to have "out-evolved" other groups. The closely related holosteans, for example, once dominated th... | 10.1073/pnas.1607237113 | 2,016 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Little evidence for enhanced phenotypic evolution in early teleosts relative to their living fossil sister group | Since Darwin, biologists have been struck by the extraordinary diversity of teleost fishes, particularly in contrast to their closest "living fossil" holostean relatives. Hypothesized drivers of teleost success include innovations in jaw mechanics, reproductive biology and, particularly at present, genomic architecture... |
960576 | Feeling the pressure | Ikoma, Japan – Scientists from Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) have used elastic shell theory to describe how the stiffness of plant cell walls depends on their elasticity and internal turgor pressure. By utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with finite element computer simulations, they we... | 10.1038/s41598-022-16880-2 | 2,022 | Scientific Reports | Elastic shell theory for plant cell wall stiffness reveals contributions of cell wall elasticity and turgor pressure in AFM measurement | Abstract The stiffness of a plant cell in response to an applied force is determined not only by the elasticity of the cell wall but also by turgor pressure and cell geometry, which affect the tension of the cell wall. Although stiffness has been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Young’s modulus of t... |
928048 | Substantial health decline among older people supports need for early intervention | Up to three quarters of older individuals in Latin America, India and China experienced significant decline in physical, cognitive, or psychological health over a three- to five-year period, according to a study published September 14th in PLOS Medicine by Martin Prince and A. Matthew Prina of King’s College London, an... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003097 | 2,021 | PLoS Medicine | Intrinsic capacity and its associations with incident dependence and mortality in 10/66 Dementia Research Group studies in Latin America, India, and China: A population-based cohort study | Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has reframed health and healthcare for older people around achieving the goal of healthy ageing. The recent WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) guidelines focus on maintaining intrinsic capacity, i.e., addressing declines in neuromusculoskeletal, vitality, sensory... |
949872 | Researchers identified a new tsRNA in blood to improve liver cancer diagnosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most primary liver cancer. It is one of the most common and mortal cancer worldwide, especially in East Asia. Advanced HCC patients expect a significantly low 5-year survival rate as well as poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is of importance for effective HCC therapies.
Researchers f... | 10.1007/s11684-022-0920-7 | 2,022 | Frontiers of Medicine | Serum mitochondrial tsRNA serves as a novel biomarker for hepatocarcinoma diagnosis | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which makes up the majority of liver cancer, is induced by the infection of hepatitis B/C virus. Biomarkers are needed to facilitate the early detection of HCC, which is often diagnosed too late for effective therapy. The tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) play vital roles in tumorigenesis... |
860893 | Evaluating tissue response to biomaterials with a new bone-implant interaction model | 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0250 | 2,016 | Tissue Engineering Part C Methods | A Bone–Implant Interaction Mouse Model for Evaluating Molecular Mechanism of Biomaterials/Bone Interaction | The development of an optimal animal model that could provide fast assessments of the interaction between bone and orthopedic implants is essential for both preclinical and theoretical researches in the design of novel biomaterials. Compared with other animal models, mice have superiority in accessing the well-develope... | |
484590 | Captive-bred juvenile salmon unlikely to become migratory when released into streams | Researchers at the Kobe University Graduate School of Science have revealed that when captive-bred juvenile red-spotted masu salmon are released into natural streams, very few individuals become migrants.
Red-spotted masu salmon was an important fish species for the fishing industry in the rivers of west Japan, however... | 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0324 | 2,021 | Biology Letters | Captive-bred populations of a partially migratory salmonid fish are unlikely to maintain migratory polymorphism in natural habitats | Variation in life history is fundamental to the long-term persistence of populations and species. Partial migration, in which both migratory and resident individuals are maintained in a population, is commonly found across animal taxa. However, human-induced habitat fragmentation continues to cause a rapid decline in t... |
648388 | How do trees go to sleep? | Most living organisms adapt their behavior to the rhythm of day and night. Plants are no exception: flowers open in the morning, some tree leaves close during the night. Researchers have been studying the day and night cycle in plants for a long time: Linnaeus observed that flowers in a dark cellar continued to open an... | 10.3389/fpls.2016.00222 | 2,016 | Frontiers in Plant Science | Quantification of Overnight Movement of Birch (Betula pendula) Branches and Foliage with Short Interval Terrestrial Laser Scanning | The goal of the study was to determine circadian movements of silver birch (Petula Bendula) branches and foliage detected with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The study consisted of two geographically separate experiments conducted in Finland and in Austria. Both experiments were carried out at the same time of the y... |
926769 | ‘Stop prescribing hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19’ | In 2021, in the United States alone, there have been more than 560,000 prescriptions of hydroxychloroquine for the prevention, post-exposure and treatment of COVID-19. Since the onset in February 2020, the U.S. has been the epicenter of the pandemic and remains the world leader in cases and deaths. Last year, the 890,0... | 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.07.035 | 2,021 | The American Journal of Medicine | Updates on Hydroxychloroquine in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 | In the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States, 74% trust their health care providers.1Funk G, Gramlich J. Amid coronavirus threat, Americans generally have a high level of trust in medical doctors. Pew Research Center. Published March 13, 2020. Available at: https://www.pew... |
984188 | Study finds “important shortcomings” in official cancer drug information | Important information about cancer drug benefits, and related uncertainties, is frequently omitted from official prescription drug information sources for clinicians and patients in Europe, finds an analysis published by The BMJ today.
Despite the commitment of medicines regulators to shared decision making and person ... | 10.1136/bmj-2022-073711 | 2,023 | BMJ | Communication of anticancer drug benefits and related uncertainties to patients and clinicians: document analysis of regulated information on prescription drugs in Europe | Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency with which relevant and accurate information about the benefits and related uncertainties of anticancer drugs are communicated to patients and clinicians in regulated information sources in Europe. Design Document content analysis. Setting European Medicines Agency. Particip... |
901432 | New study highlights sociodemographic disparities in oral cancer screening rates | Oral cancer accounts for 2 percent of reported malignancies and 1.2 percent of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Oral cancer screening (OCS), recommended by the American Dental Association since 2010, can help to diagnose the cancer early, and this can significantly improve survival rates. If caught early, th... | 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.026 | 2,019 | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | Disparities in Oral Cancer Screening Among Dental Professionals: NHANES 2011–2016 | As early detection of oral cancers is associated with better survival, oral cancer screening should be included in dental visits for adults. This study examines the rate and predictors of oral cancer screening exams among U.S. adults with a recent dental visit.Individuals aged ≥30 years who received a dental visit in t... |
857893 | DNA repeats -- the genome's dark matter | Expansions of DNA repeats are very hard to analyze. A method developed by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin allows for a detailed look at these previously inaccessible regions of the genome. It combines nanopore sequencing, stem cell, and CRISPR-Cas technologies. The method could ... | 10.1038/s41587-019-0293-x | 2,019 | Nature Biotechnology | Analysis of short tandem repeat expansions and their methylation state with nanopore sequencing | <jats:p>Expansions of short tandem repeats are genetic variants that have been implicated in neuropsychiatric and other disorders but their assessment remains challenging with current molecular methods. Here, we developed a Cas12a-based enrichment strategy for nanopore sequencing that, combined with a new algorithm for... |
947729 | Folding design leads to heart sensor with smaller profile | As advances in wearable devices push the amount of information they can provide consumers, sensors increasingly have to conform to the contours of the body. One approach applies the principles of kirigami to give sensors the added flexibility.
Researchers want to leverage the centuries-old art of cutting paper into des... | 10.1063/5.0082863 | 2,022 | Applied Physics Reviews | Wireless, minimized, stretchable, and breathable electrocardiogram sensor system | Home-use, wearable healthcare devices may enable patients to collect various types of medical data during daily activities. Electrocardiographic data are vitally important. To be practical, monitoring devices must be wearable, comfortable, and stable, even during exercise. This study develops a breathable, stretchable ... |
923475 | ‘Double decoration’ enhances industrial catalyst | Adding lead and calcium to an industrial catalyst dramatically improves its ability to support propylene production at very high temperatures, making it stable and active for a month.
Hokkaido University scientists have designed a catalyst for propylene production that is highly stable even at 600°C. They reported thei... | 10.1002/anie.202107210 | 2,021 | Angewandte Chemie International Edition | Doubly Decorated Platinum–Gallium Intermetallics as Stable Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation | Abstract Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) is a promising chemical process that can satisfy the increasing global demand for propylene. However, the Pt‐based catalysts that have been reported thus far are typically deactivated at ≥600 °C by side reactions and coke formation. Thus, such catalysts possess an insufficient lif... |
608721 | Detailed insight into stressed cells | The team led by biochemist Dr. Christian Münch, who heads an Emmy Noether Group, employs a simple but extremely effective trick: when measuring all proteins in the mass spectrometer, a booster channel is added to specifically enhance the signal of newly synthesised proteins to enable their measurement. Thus, acute chan... | 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.11.010 | 2,019 | Molecular Cell | Functional Translatome Proteomics Reveal Converging and Dose-Dependent Regulation by mTORC1 and eIF2α | Regulation of translation is essential during stress. However, the precise sets of proteins regulated by the key translational stress responses-the integrated stress response (ISR) and mTORC1-remain elusive. We developed multiplexed enhanced protein dynamics (mePROD) proteomics, adding signal amplification to dynamic-S... |
944247 | Number of covid-19 infections missed by lateral flow tests “substantial enough to be of clinical importance,” warn experts | The proportion of people with current covid-19 infection missed by the Innova lateral flow test (LFT) is substantial enough to be of clinical importance, particularly when testing people without symptoms, warn experts in The BMJ today.
An analysis by Professor Jonathan Deeks and colleagues predicts that Innova would mi... | 10.1136/bmj-2021-066871 | 2,022 | BMJ | SARS-CoV-2 antigen lateral flow tests for detecting infectious people: linked data analysis | Abstract Objectives To investigate the proportion of lateral flow tests (LFTs) that produce negative results in those with a high risk of infectiousness from SARS-CoV-2, to investigate the impact of the stage and severity of disease, and to compare predictions made by influential mathematical models with findings of em... |
838691 | Evidence of the interconnectedness of global climate | To see how deeply interconnected the planet truly is look no further than the massive ice sheets on the Northern Hemisphere and South Pole.
Thousands of kilometers apart, they are hardly next-door neighbors, but according to new research from a team of international scientists -- led by alumna Natalya Gomez Ph.D.'14, a... | 10.1038/s41586-020-2916-2 | 2,020 | Nature | Antarctic ice dynamics amplified by Northern Hemisphere sea-level forcing | <jats:p>&lt;p&gt;A longstanding hypothesis for near-synchronous evolution of global ice sheets over ice-age cycles invokes an interhemispheric sea-level forcing whereby sea-level rise due to ice loss in the Northern Hemisphere in response to insolation and greenhouse gas forcing causes grounding-line retreat of... |
525738 | 13.4% of studies in top nutrition journals in 2018 had food industry ties | A new analysis of studies published by top nutrition journals in 2018 shows that 13.4 percent disclosed involvement from the food industry, and studies with industry involvement were more likely to report results favorable to industry interests. Gary Sacks of Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues pr... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0243144 | 2,020 | PLoS ONE | The characteristics and extent of food industry involvement in peer-reviewed research articles from 10 leading nutrition-related journals in 2018 | Introduction There is emerging evidence that food industry involvement in nutrition research may bias research findings and/or research agendas. However, the extent of food industry involvement in nutrition research has not been systematically explored. This study aimed to identify the extent of food industry involveme... |
924355 | How landscapes of fear affect the songbirds in our backyards | AMHERST, Mass. – A team of researchers headquartered at the University of Massachusetts Amherst has recently discovered that fear plays an important, unrecognized role in the underdevelopment, and increased vulnerability, of backyard songbirds.
Scientists have long known that urban songbirds face a host of increased ch... | 10.1002/ecs2.3665 | 2,021 | Ecosphere | Perilous choices: landscapes of fear for adult birds reduces nestling condition across an urban gradient | Abstract Predator fear effects influence reproductive outcomes in many species. In non‐urban systems, passerines often respond to predator cues by reducing parental investment, resulting in smaller and lighter nestlings. Since trophic interactions in urban areas are highly altered, it is unclear how passerines respond ... |
785301 | Familial hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents: diagnosis and treatment | Familial hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary genetic disorder predisposing in premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. Early diagnoses as well as effective treatment strategies in affected children are challenges among experts. Universal screening and cascade screening among families with familial h... | 10.2174/1381612824666181010145807 | 2,018 | Current Pharmaceutical Design | Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Treatment | Familial hypercholesterolemia is a hereditary genetic disorder predisposing in premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. Early diagnosis as well as effective treatment strategies in affected children are challenges among experts. Universal screening and cascade screening among families with familial h... |
873297 | Ben-Gurion U. scientists invent an artificial nose for continuous bacterial monitoring | BEER-SHEVA, Israel, June 21, 2021 - A team of scientists at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) have invented an artificial nose that is capable of continuous bacterial monitoring, which has never been previously achieved and could be useful in multiple medical, environmental and food applications.
The study was p... | 10.1007/s40820-021-00610-w | 2,021 | Nano-Micro Letters | Sniffing Bacteria with a Carbon-Dot Artificial Nose | Novel artificial nose based upon electrode-deposited carbon dots (C-dots). Significant selectivity and sensitivity determined by "polarity matching" between the C-dots and gas molecules. The C-dot artificial nose facilitates, for the first time, real-time, continuous monitoring of bacterial proliferation and discrimina... |
969240 | River longer than the Thames beneath Antarctic ice sheet could affect ice loss | An unexpected river under the Antarctic ice sheet affects the flow and melting of ice, potentially accelerating ice loss as the climate warms.
The 460km-long river is revealed in a new study, which details how it collects water at the base of the Antarctic ice sheet from an area the size of Germany and France combined.... | 10.1038/s41561-022-01059-1 | 2,022 | Nature Geoscience | Antarctic basal environment shaped by high-pressure flow through a subglacial river system | The stability of ice sheets and their contributions to sea level are modulated by high-pressure water that lubricates the base of the ice, facilitating rapid flow into the ocean. In Antarctica, subglacial processes are poorly characterized, limiting understanding of ice-sheet flow and its sensitivity to climate forcing... |
767807 | Gender norms affect attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women globally | Washington, DC - Gay men and lesbian women have often been the targets of prejudice and even violence in society. To better understand what shapes these attitudes and prejudices, Maria Laura Bettinsoli, Alexandra Suppes, and Jamie Napier (all New York University - Abu Dhabi) tested how beliefs about gender norms (expec... | 10.1177/1948550619887785 | 2,019 | Social Psychological and Personality Science | Predictors of Attitudes Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women in 23 Countries | Dominant accounts of sexual prejudice posit that negative attitudes toward nonheterosexual individuals are stronger for male (vs. female) targets, higher among men (vs. women), and driven, in part, by the perception that gay men and lesbian women violate traditional gender norms. We test these predictions in 23 countri... |
640959 | Brain waves could help predict how we respond to general anesthetics | The complex pattern of 'chatter' between different areas of an individual's brain while they are awake could help doctors better track and even predict their response to general anaesthesia - and better identify the amount of anaesthetic necessary - according to new research from the University of Cambridge.
Currently,... | 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004669 | 2,016 | PLoS Computational Biology | Brain Connectivity Dissociates Responsiveness from Drug Exposure during Propofol-Induced Transitions of Consciousness | Accurately measuring the neural correlates of consciousness is a grand challenge for neuroscience. Despite theoretical advances, developing reliable brain measures to track the loss of reportable consciousness during sedation is hampered by significant individual variability in susceptibility to anaesthetics. We addres... |
742817 | Global sentiments towards COVID-19 shifts from fear to anger | The fear that people developed at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak has given way to anger over the course of the pandemic, a study of global sentiments led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has found.
In an analysis of over 20 million tweets in English related to the coronavirus, an inter... | 10.2196/19447 | 2,020 | JMIR Public Health and Surveillance | Global Sentiments Surrounding the COVID-19 Pandemic on Twitter: Analysis of Twitter Trends | With the World Health Organization's pandemic declaration and government-initiated actions against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), sentiments surrounding COVID-19 have evolved rapidly.This study aimed to examine worldwide trends of four emotions-fear, anger, sadness, and joy-and the narratives underlying those emotions... |
681567 | Paleontology: New Australian pterosaur may have survived the longest | The discovery of a previously unknown species of pterosaur, which may have persisted as late as the Turonian period (90-93 million years ago), is reported in Scientific Reports this week. The fossil, which includes parts of the skull and five vertebrae, is the most complete pterosaur specimen ever found in Australia. T... | 10.1038/s41598-019-49789-4 | 2,019 | Scientific Reports | Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., a new ornithocheirid pterosaur from the Winton Formation (Cenomanian–lower Turonian) of Queensland, Australia | The Australian pterosaur record is poor by world standards, comprising fewer than 20 fragmentary specimens. Herein, we describe the new genus and species Ferrodraco lentoni gen. et sp. nov., based on the most complete pterosaur specimen ever found in Australia, and the first reported from the Winton Formation (Cenomani... |
570165 | Potential target for treating many cancers found within GLI1 gene | Scientists from the Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago found that a region within the DNA of the cancer-promoting GLI1 gene is directly responsible for regulating this gene's expression. These findings, published in the journal Stem Cells, imply that this... | 10.1002/stem.3341 | 2,021 | Stem Cells | CRISPR editing of the GLI1 first intron abrogates GLI1 expression and differentially alters lineage commitment | Abstract GLI1 is one of three GLI family transcription factors that mediate Sonic Hedgehog signaling, which plays a role in development and cell differentiation. GLI1 forms a positive feedback loop with GLI2 and likely with itself. To determine the impact of GLI1 and its intronic regulatory locus on this transcriptiona... |
671593 | Increases in certain algae could impact carbon cycle | Two new studies report dramatic changes in phytoplankton abundance and nature, changes that have important implications for storing excess carbon. Collectively, these studies suggest that certain types of carbon-intensive algae are flourishing and will play increasingly prominent roles as carbon pumps, removing carbon ... | 10.1126/science.aaa9942 | 2,015 | Science | Millennial-scale plankton regime shifts in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean | Climate change is predicted to alter marine phytoplankton communities and affect productivity, biogeochemistry, and the efficacy of the biological pump. We reconstructed high-resolution records of changing plankton community composition in the North Pacific Ocean over the past millennium. Amino acid-specific δ(13)C rec... |
929175 | WHO recommends antibody treatment for covid patients at high risk of hospital admission | A treatment combining two antibodies (casirivimab and imdevimab) is recommended for two specific groups of patients with covid-19 by a WHO Guideline Development Group (GDG) panel of international experts and patients in The BMJ today.
The first are patients with non-severe covid-19 who are at highest risk of hospitalis... | 10.1136/bmj.m3379 | 2,020 | BMJ | A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19 | Abstract Updates This is the fourteenth version (thirteenth update) of the living guideline, replacing earlier versions (available as data supplements). New recommendations will be published as updates to this guideline. Clinical question What is the role of drugs in the treatment of patients with covid-19? Context The... |
923435 | Oncotarget: Replication-stress sensitivity in breast cancer cells | Oncotarget published "Frame-shift mediated reduction of gain-of-function p53 R273H and deletion of the R273H C-terminus in breast cancer cells result in replication-stress sensitivity" which reported that these authors recently documented that gain-of-function mutant p53 R273H in triple negative breast cancer cells int... | 10.18632/oncotarget.27975 | 2,021 | Oncotarget | Frame-shift mediated reduction of gain-of-function p53 R273H and deletion of the R273H C-terminus in breast cancer cells result in replication-stress sensitivity | We recently documented that gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53 (mtp53) R273H in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells interacts with replicating DNA and PARP1. The missense R273H GOF mtp53 has a mutated central DNA binding domain that renders it unable to bind specifically to DNA, but maintains the capacity to inte... |
949921 | null | 10.1038/s41587-021-01146-5 | 2,022 | Nature Biotechnology | Learning protein fitness models from evolutionary and assay-labeled data | Machine learning-based models of protein fitness typically learn from either unlabeled, evolutionarily related sequences or variant sequences with experimentally measured labels. For regimes where only limited experimental data are available, recent work has suggested methods for combining both sources of information. ... | |
888066 | Protonation induced high-Tc phases in iron-based superconductors | Electric-field-controlled modulation of physical properties of materials via ionic evolution is a recent fascinating and fast developing research frontier, due to its novel phase modulation and potential applications in batteries, intelligent glass, fuel cells and etc. In a work published as cover article of Science Bu... | 10.1016/j.scib.2017.12.009 | 2,017 | Science Bulletin | Protonation induced high- T c phases in iron-based superconductors evidenced by NMR and magnetization measurements | Chemical substitution during growth is a well-established method to manipulate electronic states of quantum materials, and leads to rich spectra of phase diagrams in cuprate and iron-based superconductors. Here we report a novel and generic strategy to achieve nonvolatile electron doping in series of (i.e. 11 and 122 s... |
819207 | New research sheds light on neuronal communication | Neurons communicate with each other through specialized structures called synapses.
The information is transmitted in the form of synaptic vesicles that contain specific chemical messengers called neurotransmitters
The amount and coordinated release of neurotransmitters regulates synaptic strength which is critical t... | 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.042 | 2,015 | Neuron | Presynaptic Deletion of GIT Proteins Results in Increased Synaptic Strength at a Mammalian Central Synapse | A cytomatrix of proteins at the presynaptic active zone (CAZ) controls the strength and speed of neurotransmitter release at synapses in response to action potentials. However, the functional role of many CAZ proteins and their respective isoforms remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that presynaptic deletion of th... |
830589 | Giant animals lived in Amazonian mega-wetland | A land of giants. This is the best definition for Lake Pebas, a mega-wetland that existed in western Amazonia during the Miocene Epoch, which lasted from 23 million to 5.3 million years ago.
The Pebas Formation was the home of the largest caiman and gavialoid crocodilian ever identified, both of which were over ten met... | 10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.11.032 | 2,018 | Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology | Detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology constrains the age of Brazilian Neogene deposits from Western Amazonia | Abstract The fossiliferous beds of the Solimoes Formation, western Brazilian Amazon have yielded several vertebrate fossils that are key to understand the evolution of Neotropical biotas. Although this sedimentary unit has been studied for more than two centuries, no absolute dates are available so far, preventing mo... |
953606 | Genetic roots of 3 mitochondrial diseases ID’d via new approach | When something goes wrong in mitochondria, the tiny organelles that power cells, it can cause a bewildering variety of symptoms such as poor growth, fatigue and weakness, seizures, developmental and cognitive disabilities, and vision problems. The culprit could be a defect in any of the 1,300 or so proteins that make u... | 10.1038/s41586-022-04765-3 | 2,022 | Nature | Defining mitochondrial protein functions through deep multiomic profiling | Mitochondria are epicentres of eukaryotic metabolism and bioenergetics. Pioneering efforts in recent decades have established the core protein componentry of these organelles1 and have linked their dysfunction to more than 150 distinct disorders2,3. Still, hundreds of mitochondrial proteins lack clear functions4, and t... |
708667 | Perovskites -- materials of the future in optical communication | Researchers at the universities in Linköping and Shenzhen have shown how an inorganic perovskite can be made into a cheap and efficient photodetector that transfers both text and music. "It's a promising material for future rapid optical communication", says Feng Gao, researcher at Linköping University.
"Perovskites of... | 10.1002/adma.201803422 | 2,018 | Advanced Materials | High Performance and Stable All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite‐Based Photodetectors for Optical Communication Applications | Abstract Photodetectors are critical parts of an optical communication system for achieving efficient photoelectronic conversion of signals, and the response speed directly determines the bandwidth of the whole system. Metal halide perovskites, an emerging class of low‐cost solution‐processed semiconductors, exhibiting... |
574268 | Cannabinoids associated with negative respiratory health effects in older adults with COPD | Cannabinoids, a class of prescription pills that contain synthetically-made chemicals found in marijuana, are associated with a 64 per cent increase in death among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the first published data on the impact of cannabinoids on the respiratory healt... | 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215346 | 2,020 | Thorax | Morbidity and mortality associated with prescription cannabinoid drug use in COPD | Introduction Respiratory-related morbidity and mortality were evaluated in relation to incident prescription oral synthetic cannabinoid (nabilone, dronabinol) use among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This was a retrospective, population-based, data-linkage cohort study, analysin... |
674622 | Study shows link between precipitation, climate zone and invasive cancer rates in the US | 10.1089/ees.2019.0241 | 2,019 | Environmental Engineering Science | Precipitation and Climate Zone Explains the Geographical Disparity in the Invasive Cancer Incidence Rates in the United States | Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation and pollution have been known to influence the incidence rate of cancer. However, these factors do not explain the variation in incidence rates across the United States. In this study, the hypothesis that precipitation and climate zone play a role in determining the i... | |
612892 | Fruitful discoveries: The power to purify water is in your produce | 10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00240 | 2,018 | Journal of Chemical Education | Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Efficient Renewable Adsorbents for Removal of Pollutants from Water: A Research Experience for General Chemistry Students | Sustainability is emerging as a prominent curricular initiative at the undergraduate level, and as a result, involving students in real-world problems in the classroom and laboratory is an important goal. The specific problem of a dwindling supply of clean and safe drinking water is also of utmost importance and releva... | |
698989 | Antibiotic resistance rises in 'lonely' mutating microbes | A major study led by The University of Manchester has discovered that so called 'lonely' microbes, those living at low population densities, are more likely to mutate causing higher rates of antibiotic resistance.
After analysing 70 years of data and nearly 500 different measurements of mutations, the study shows indi... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002731 | 2,017 | PLoS Biology | Spontaneous mutation rate is a plastic trait associated with population density across domains of life | Rates of random, spontaneous mutation can vary plastically, dependent upon the environment. Such plasticity affects evolutionary trajectories and may be adaptive. We recently identified an inverse plastic association between mutation rate and population density at 1 locus in 1 species of bacterium. It is unknown how wi... |
962706 | Reconstructing alternative paths to complex multicellularity in Animals and Fungi from today's genetic diversity | An international team of researchers with a central contribution from researchers at the Dept. of Biological Physics at Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE) has unravelled the evolutionary origins of animals and fungi.
The findings, published in the journal Nature, demonstrate how genomic data and powerful computational met... | 10.1038/s41586-022-05110-4 | 2,022 | Nature | Divergent genomic trajectories predate the origin of animals and fungi | Animals and fungi have radically distinct morphologies, yet both evolved within the same eukaryotic supergroup: Opisthokonta1,2. Here we reconstructed the trajectory of genetic changes that accompanied the origin of Metazoa and Fungi since the divergence of Opisthokonta with a dataset that includes four novel genomes f... |
644268 | Factors that predict obesity by adolescence revealed | Three simple factors that predict whether a healthy weight child will be overweight or obese by adolescence have been revealed in a new study led by the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI).
The research shows three factors - a child's and mother's Body Mass Index (BMI) and the mother's education level - predic... | 10.1038/s41366-019-0457-2 | 2,019 | International Journal of Obesity | Early clinical markers of overweight/obesity onset and resolution by adolescence | We examined how combinations of clinical indicators at various ages predict overweight/obesity development, as well as resolution, by 10-11 and 14-15 years of age.Data were derived from Birth (N = 3469) and Kinder (N = 3276) cohorts of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, followed from ages 2-3 and 4-5 years,... |
470363 | Fecal transplants show promise as treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | LONDON, ON - A new study from Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University suggests that fecal transplants could be used as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The randomized controlled trial published in the American Journal of Gastroenterology found that fecal transplants in patients... | 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000661 | 2,020 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology | Allogenic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Improves Abnormal Small Intestinal Permeability: A Randomized Control Trial | INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an obesity-related disorder that is rapidly increasing in incidence and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiome plays a role in metabolism and maintaining gut barrier integrity. Studies have found differences in the ... |
940896 | Most “pathogenic” genetic variants have a low risk of causing disease | Imagine getting a positive result on a genetic test. The doctor tells you that you have a “pathogenic genetic variant,” or a DNA sequence that is known to raise the chances for getting a disease like breast cancer or diabetes. But what exactly are those chances - 10 percent? Fifty percent? One hundred? Currently, that ... | 10.1001/jama.2021.23686 | 2,022 | JAMA | Population-Based Penetrance of Deleterious Clinical Variants | Population-based assessment of disease risk associated with gene variants informs clinical decisions and risk stratification approaches.To evaluate the population-based disease risk of clinical variants in known disease predisposition genes.This cohort study included 72 434 individuals with 37 780 clinical variants who... |
836652 | A more sustainable way to refine metals | A team of chemists in Canada has developed a way to process metals without using toxic solvents and reagents.
The system, which also consumes far less energy than conventional techniques, could greatly shrink the environmental impact of producing metals from raw materials or from post-consumer electronics.
"At a time w... | 10.1126/sciadv.1700149 | 2,017 | Science Advances | A chlorine-free protocol for processing germanium | A quinone/catechol redox platform replaces Cl 2 or HCl for processing germanium metal or germanium dioxide to germanes. |
476047 | How do corals make the most of their symbiotic algae? | 10.1038/s41467-019-13963-z | 2,020 | Nature Communications | Symbiont population control by host-symbiont metabolic interaction in Symbiodiniaceae-cnidarian associations | Abstract In cnidarian-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses, algal endosymbiont population control within the host is needed to sustain a symbiotic relationship. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie such population control are unclear. Here we show that a cnidarian host uses nitrogen limitation as a primary mechanism to... | |
490196 | Touchscreens may boost motor skills in toddlers | Does your toddler use a touchscreen tablet? A recent study published in Frontiers in Psychology has shown that early touchscreen use, and in particular actively scrolling the screen, correlates with increased fine motor control in toddlers.
Smartphones and tablets are now commonplace at work and in the home. If you ar... | 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01108 | 2,016 | Frontiers in Psychology | Toddlers’ Fine Motor Milestone Achievement Is Associated with Early Touchscreen Scrolling | Touchscreen technologies provide an intuitive and attractive source of sensory/cognitive stimulation for young children. Despite fears that usage may have a negative impact on toddlers' cognitive development, empirical evidence is lacking. The current study presents results from the UK Toddler Attentional Behaviours an... |
493479 | Extreme weather has greater impact on nature than expected -- researchers launch roadmap | An oystercatcher nest is washed away in a storm surge. Australian passerine birds die during a heatwave. A late frost in their breeding area kills off a group of American cliff swallows. Small tragedies that may seem unrelated, but point to the underlying long-term impact of extreme climatic events. In the special June... | 10.1098/rstb.2016.0134 | 2,017 | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences | Behavioural, ecological and evolutionary responses to extreme climatic events: challenges and directions | More extreme climatic events (ECEs) are among the most prominent consequences of climate change. Despite a long-standing recognition of the importance of ECEs by paleo-ecologists and macro-evolutionary biologists, ECEs have only recently received a strong interest in the wider ecological and evolutionary community. How... |
954898 | Novel immunotherapy mechanism suppresses breast cancer development | Journal of Experimental Medicine
10.1084/jem.20201963
Experimental study
Animals
CD4+ T helper 2 cells suppress breast cancer by inducing terminal differentiation
3-Jun-2022
Disclosures: M. Boieri is an employee of Zelluna Immunotherapy. S. Iyer is an employee of and has equity in Verve Therapeutics. M.N. Rivera repor... | 10.1084/jem.20201963 | 2,022 | The Journal of Experimental Medicine | CD4+ T helper 2 cells suppress breast cancer by inducing terminal differentiation | Cancer immunology research is largely focused on the role of cytotoxic immune responses against advanced cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that CD4+ T helper (Th2) cells directly block spontaneous breast carcinogenesis by inducing the terminal differentiation of the cancer cells. Th2 cell immunity, stimulated by thymic s... |
946161 | Kwong Lab develops biosensors for quick assessment of cancer treatment | Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) inhibitors have transformed the treatment of cancer and have become the frontline therapy for a broad range of malignancies. It’s because they work better than the previous standard of care.
Still, less than 25% of patients benefit from these drugs, which are designed to block proteins ... | 10.1038/s41551-022-00852-y | 2,022 | Nature Biomedical Engineering | Urinary detection of early responses to checkpoint blockade and of resistance to it via protease-cleaved antibody-conjugated sensors | Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy does not benefit the majority of treated patients, and those who respond to the therapy can become resistant to it. Here we report the design and performance of systemically administered protease activity sensors conjugated to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (αPD1) antibodi... |
962511 | Perseverance rover retrieves key rocky clues to Mars’ geologic and water history | In its first year exploring Jezero Crater on Mars, the Perseverance rover collected rock samples that scientists anticipate will provide a long-awaited timeline for the planet’s geologic and water history.
They’ll just have to wait a decade to find out the answer, until the samples can be scooped up from the surface an... | 10.1126/science.abo2196 | 2,022 | Science | Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars | The Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars, to investigate ancient lake and river deposits. We report observations of the crater floor, below the crater's sedimentary delta, finding that the floor consists of igneous rocks altered by water. The lowest exposed unit, informally named Séítah, is a coarsely cryst... |
748690 | Early birds less prone to depression | Middle-to-older aged women who are naturally early to bed and early to rise are significantly less likely to develop depression, according to a new study by researchers at University of Colorado Boulder and the Channing Division of Network Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
The study of more than 32,00... | 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.022 | 2,018 | Journal of Psychiatric Research | Prospective study of chronotype and incident depression among middle- and older-aged women in the Nurses’ Health Study II | Prior cross-sectional studies have suggested that being a late chronotype is associated with depression and depressive symptoms, but prospective data are lacking.We examined the association between chronotype and incident depression (defined as self-reported physician/clinician-diagnosed depression or antidepressant me... |
925099 | A protein-based COVID-19 vaccine that mimics the shape of the virus | Even as several safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines are being administered to people worldwide, scientists are still hard at work developing different vaccine strategies that could provide even stronger or longer-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science ha... | 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00596 | 2,021 | ACS Central Science | Polymersomes Decorated with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Elicit Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity | The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for rapid, safe, and effective vaccines. In contrast to some traditional vaccines, nanoparticle-based subunit vaccines are particularly efficient in trafficking antigens to lymph nodes, where they induce potent immune cell activation. Here, we developed a strategy to decorate ... |
720601 | Laser-heated nanowires produce micro-scale nuclear fusion | Nuclear fusion, the process that powers our sun, happens when nuclear reactions between light elements produce heavier ones. It's also happening - at a smaller scale - in a Colorado State University laboratory.
Using a compact but powerful laser to heat arrays of ordered nanowires, CSU scientists and collaborators have... | 10.1038/s41467-018-03445-z | 2,018 | Nature Communications | Micro-scale fusion in dense relativistic nanowire array plasmas | Abstract Nuclear fusion is regularly created in spherical plasma compressions driven by multi-kilojoule pulses from the world’s largest lasers. Here we demonstrate a dense fusion environment created by irradiating arrays of deuterated nanostructures with joule-level pulses from a compact ultrafast laser. The irradiatio... |
698167 | Does where students grow up influence where they go to college? | A new Population, Space and Place study explores how the ethnic composition of where students grow up is linked to where they attend university.
Using detailed administrative data on all 412,000 students attending university in the United Kingdom in 2014-2015 combined with spatial census data from 2011, investigators c... | 10.1002/psp.2222 | 2,018 | Population Space and Place | The spatial dynamics of race in the transition to university: Diverse cities and White campuses in U.K. higher education | Abstract Using exceptionally detailed administrative data on all 412,000 students attending university in the United Kingdom in 2014–2015 combined with spatial census data from 2011, we explore for the first time how the ethnic composition of where students grow up is linked to where they attend university. We calculat... |
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