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696626 | Herbal supplement used to treat addiction and pain found unsafe by researchers | BINGHAMTON, N.Y. - The herb kratom is increasingly being used to manage pain and treat opioid addiction, but it's not safe to use as an herbal supplement, according to new research led by faculty at Binghamton University, State University of New York.
William Eggleston, clinical assistant professor of pharmacy practic... | 10.1002/phar.2280 | 2,019 | Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy | Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States | Background Kratom is an herbal supplement containing alkaloids with opioid properties. This review was conducted to determine toxicities associated with kratom use in the United States in order to provide insight into its safety as a dietary supplement. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of kratom exposures re... |
917204 | COVID-19: indoor air in hospitals and nursing homes require more attention | Leipzig/New Delhi/Rome. A variety of measures are necessary to prevent the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and nursing homes. It is particularly important to develop an appropriate strategy to protect healthcare workers from airborne transmission. Researchers from the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheri... | 10.3390/ijerph17228553 | 2,020 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | Preventing Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitals and Nursing Homes | The first case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the novel contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 [...]. |
591563 | Discovery shows how mucus build-up, not infections, triggers cystic fibrosis lung damage | CHAPEL HILL, NC - The build-up of abnormally thick mucus and the associated inflammation appear to be the initiating cause of damage to the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis (CF), rather than bacterial infections, according to a UNC School of Medicine study published in Science Translational Medicine.
The research... | 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3488 | 2,019 | Science Translational Medicine | Mucus accumulation in the lungs precedes structural changes and infection in children with cystic fibrosis | Although destructive airway disease is evident in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF), little is known about the nature of the early CF lung environment triggering the disease. To elucidate early CF pulmonary pathophysiology, we performed mucus, inflammation, metabolomic, and microbiome analyses on bronchoalveolar... |
497046 | Rethinking women's mental health following partner abuse | When one in six Australian women report experiencing physical and/or sexual violence - and one in four report emotional abuse - by a current or previous cohabiting partner since the age of 15, you know there is a problem.
But when it comes to discussions around the impact of that violence on women's mental health, all... | 10.1177/1077801220921937 | 2,020 | Violence Against Women | Rethinking Women’s Mental Health After Intimate Partner Violence | This article reports on mixed methods research into intimate partner violence (IPV) and women’s mental health. Using an online national survey and life history interviews, quantitative and qualitative data analysis demonstrates how IPV negatively impacts women’s sense of self, with other multiple losses in relation to ... |
824548 | Global biodiversity conservation does save species, but could be done smarter | Government spending on conservation efforts, such as management of national parks, has been patchy across the world, in part due to a lack of solid evidence of success.
Now, in a study published in Nature, researchers have shown that conservation spending of 14.4 billion international dollars over a ten-year period (du... | 10.1038/nature24295 | 2,017 | Nature | Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation spending | Halting global biodiversity loss is central to the Convention on Biological Diversity and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, but success to date has been very limited. A critical determinant of success in achieving these goals is the financing that is committed to maintaining biodiversity; however, financing... |
674661 | Production of solar fuels inches closer with discovery by Caltech scientists | Caltech researchers have made a discovery that they say could lead to the economically viable production of solar fuels in the next few years.
For years, solar-fuel research has focused on developing catalysts that can split water into hydrogen and oxygen using only sunlight. The resulting hydrogen fuel could be used t... | 10.1016/j.joule.2018.01.008 | 2,018 | Joule | Trapping an Iron(VI) Water-Splitting Intermediate in Nonaqueous Media | Understanding the mechanisms of highly-active, earth-abundant water oxidn. electrocatalysts can guide the development of advanced water-splitting devices that convert renewable electricity to clean fuels. Unfortunately, catalytic intermediates are difficult to isolate and characterize because they tend to be extremely ... |
698450 | Reduce energy costs and social isolation to support older adults in extreme weather | Research by Warwick Medical School identifies constraints to the abilities of older adults to adapt to heatwaves or cold snaps
Office of National Statistics estimates 50,100 excess deaths in winter 2017/18 and 1,246 excess deaths in June - July 2018 in England and Wales
Financial issues discouraged older adults from p... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0208121 | 2,018 | PLoS ONE | The contribution of assets to adaptation to extreme temperatures among older adults | Background Climate change and extreme temperatures pose increasing challenges to individuals and their health with older adults being one of the most vulnerable groups. The aim of this paper is to better understand the roles that tangible assets (e.g., physical or financial) and intangible assets (e.g., human or social... |
471309 | Cannabis to treat gynecological conditions | 10.1089/jwh.2020.8437 | 2,020 | Journal of Women s Health | Gender Differences in Medical Cannabis Use: Symptoms Treated, Physician Support for Use, and Prescription Medication Discontinuation | Background: Medical cannabis (MC) utilization continues to expand in the United States, as a growing body of evidence supports the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in the treatment of a range of chronic conditions. To date, gender-related differences in MC use are not widely reported, and little is known regarding phys... | |
826876 | New immunotherapy target discovered for malignant brain tumors | Scientists say they have discovered a potential new target for immunotherapy of malignant brain tumors, which so far have resisted the ground-breaking cancer treatment based on harnessing the body's immune system. The discovery, reported in the journal CELL, emerged from laboratory experiments and has no immediate impl... | 10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.022 | 2,021 | Cell | Inhibitory CD161 receptor identified in glioma-infiltrating T cells by single-cell analysis | T cells are critical effectors of cancer immunotherapies, but little is known about their gene expression programs in diffuse gliomas. Here, we leverage single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to chart the gene expression and clonal landscape of tumor-infiltrating T cells across 31 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (... |
870551 | Two birds, one stone: Drug combo may prove effective against second type of leukemia | BOSTON - Every year, nearly 11,000 Americans die of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a blood cancer that affects mainly older adults. While most patients initially respond to chemotherapy, more than half of those who respond will eventually relapse as the cancer cells develop resistance to treatment. In a new paper publis... | 10.1038/s41422-019-0162-7 | 2,019 | Cell Research | Vulnerabilities in mIDH2 AML confer sensitivity to APL-like targeted combination therapy | Although targeted therapies have proven effective and even curative in human leukaemia, resistance often ensues. IDH enzymes are mutated in ~20% of human AML, with targeted therapies under clinical evaluation. We here characterize leukaemia evolution from mutant IDH2 (mIDH2)-dependence to independence identifying key t... |
947708 | Third COVID-19 vaccination improves immune response in blood cancer patients | New research has found that the weakened immune systems of blood cancer patients can improve after they receive a third COVID-19 vaccination.
Patients with lymphoma have defects in their immunity system that restrict its response to vaccination. Despite this, this new study found improvements in antibody and T-Cell res... | 10.1038/s43018-022-00364-3 | 2,022 | Nature Cancer | Immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants after two and three doses of vaccine in B-cell malignancies: UK PROSECO study | Abstract Patients with hematological malignancies are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes due to compromised immune responses, but the insights of these studies have been compromised due to intrinsic limitations in study design. Here we present the PROSECO prospective observational study ( NCT04858568 ) on 45... |
796145 | Overturning the truth on conservation tillage | Just as we blend, cut, and fold ingredients together to follow a recipe, farmers use equipment to stir together soil and crop residue (stalks and roots of previous crops) before planting. This mechanical action is called tillage.
Similar to our kitchen cupboard with a blender, mixer, and beater, farmers have access to ... | 10.2134/ael2019.03.0012 | 2,019 | Agricultural & Environmental Letters | Crop and Soil Responses to On‐Farm Conservation Tillage Practices in the Upper Midwest | Core Ideas Production‐scale conservation tillage systems had few effects on crop yields. Strip till had the least costs per hectare and may be more economical for farmers. Tillage affected only fungi/bacteria ratios out of 19 soil properties. Farmers’ presumed yield losses among tillage systems did not reflect actual y... |
551136 | Better explaining the world around us | A new University of Queensland-led study could help scientists more accurately predict and explain patterns of diversity in nature.
Ecology Centre Director in the UQ School of Biological Sciences Associate Professor Margie Mayfield said the project had developed a mathematically simple framework for accurately assessi... | 10.1038/s41559-016-0062 | 2,017 | Nature Ecology & Evolution | Higher-order interactions capture unexplained complexity in diverse communities | Natural communities are well known to be maintained by many complex processes. Despite this, the practical aspects of studying them often require some simplification, such as the widespread assumption that direct, additive competition captures the important details about how interactions between species impact communit... |
544244 | Smoking linked to higher dementia risk | In an Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology analysis of nationwide health claims from Korea, men who smoked had an elevated risk of dementia.
Compared with continual smokers, long-term quitters and never smokers had 14% and 19% lower risks for dementia, respectively. Never smokers had an 18% decreased risk of ... | 10.1002/acn3.633 | 2,018 | Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology | Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study | To determine the risk of developing dementia in relation to duration of smoking cessation by using a nationwide health claims database.This cohort study included 46,140 men aged 60 years or older from Korean National Health Insurance System - National Health Screening Cohort, a population-based national health screenin... |
942010 | Wisdom engendered: study finds men and women have different strengths | Previous studies have shown that wisdom is a personality trait underpinning mental health and well-being. Recently, researchers at University of California San Diego School of Medicine looked at gender differences relative to wisdom, using two different validated scales.
The study, publishing in the February 3, 2022, o... | 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.769294 | 2,022 | Frontiers in Psychology | Women and Men Differ in Relative Strengths in Wisdom Profiles: A Study of 659 Adults Across the Lifespan | Wisdom is a multi-component trait that is important for mental health and well-being. In this study, we sought to understand gender differences in relative strengths in wisdom. A total of 659 individuals aged 27–103 years completed surveys including the 3-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) and the San Diego Wisdom Scale ... |
795901 | Super-sizing world's nature havens would add people to valued species list | A group of scientists are recommending giving the world's nature reserves a makeover to defend not only flora and fauna, but people, too.
Scientists in this week's Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences argue that the world's protected areas such as nature reserves, traditionally havens for endangered animals... | 10.1073/pnas.1620503114 | 2,017 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Strengthening protected areas for biodiversity and ecosystem services in China | Recent expansion of the scale of human activities poses severe threats to Earth's life-support systems. Increasingly, protected areas (PAs) are expected to serve dual goals: protect biodiversity and secure ecosystem services. We report a nationwide assessment for China, quantifying the provision of threatened species h... |
744968 | Live cell imaging of asymmetric cell division in fertilized plant cells | An international group of plant biologists have succeeded for the first time in visualizing how egg cells in plants divides unequally (asymmetric cell division) after being fertilized. The direction of this asymmetric cell division determines the body axis of flowering plants, i.e. the top part producing leaves and flo... | 10.1073/pnas.1613979113 | 2,016 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Cytoskeleton dynamics control the first asymmetric cell division in <i>Arabidopsis</i> zygote | Significance In animals and plants, the zygote divides unequally, and the daughter cells inherit different developmental fates to form a proper embryo along the body axis. The cytological events leading to zygote polarization have remained unknown in flowering plants. Here, we report that the two essential components o... |
466162 | Researchers use 'biological passport' to monitor Earth's largest fish | Truckee (California), Aug. 9, 2018: Whale sharks, the world's largest fish, roam less than previously thought. Local and regional actions are vital for the conservation of this globally endangered species moving forward, according to a new study by researchers from the Marine Megafauna Foundation, University of Southam... | 10.3354/meps12667 | 2,018 | Marine Ecology Progress Series | Limited latitudinal ranging of juvenile whale sharks in the Western Indian Ocean suggests the existence of regional management units | MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 601:167-183 (2018) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12667 Limited latitudinal ranging of juvenile whale sharks in the Weste... |
757773 | Discovery in ferroelectric material reveals unique property, application potential | A discovery from a team of physicists and other researchers is breaking new ground in the study of ferroelectricity, a characteristic of certain dielectric materials that are used in high-technology applications. The findings appear today in the journal Nature Materials.
Led in physics theory by Sokrates Pantelides, Un... | 10.1038/s41563-019-0532-z | 2,019 | Nature Materials | Tunable quadruple-well ferroelectric van der Waals crystals | The family of layered thio- and seleno-phosphates has gained attention as potential control dielectrics for the rapidly growing family of two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional electronic materials. Here we report a combination of density functional theory calculations, quantum molecular dynamics simulations and var... |
975317 | Plants between light and darkness | For research, plants are frequently grown under stable lighting, which does not reflect natural conditions. In a series of experiments with changing light conditions, simulating the natural interplay of light and shadow, researchers from the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam-Golm (Germany) a... | 10.1111/nph.18534 | 2,022 | New Phytologist | Light acclimation interacts with thylakoid ion transport to govern the dynamics of photosynthesis in Arabidopsis | Summary Understanding photosynthesis in natural, dynamic light environments requires knowledge of long‐term acclimation, short‐term responses, and their mechanistic interactions. To approach the latter, we systematically determined and characterized light‐environmental effects on thylakoid ion transport‐mediated short‐... |
587087 | Scientists observe how acoustic interactions change materials at the atomic level | When exposed to stress and strain, materials can display a wide range of different properties. By using sound waves, scientists have begun to explore fundamental stress behaviors in a crystalline material that could form the basis for quantum information technologies. These technologies involve materials that can encod... | 10.1038/s41467-019-11365-9 | 2,019 | Nature Communications | Correlating dynamic strain and photoluminescence of solid-state defects with stroboscopic x-ray diffraction microscopy | Control of local lattice perturbations near optically-active defects in semiconductors is a key step to harnessing the potential of solid-state qubits for quantum information science and nanoscale sensing. We report the development of a stroboscopic scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy approach for real-space imaging ... |
712621 | Pollination is better in cities than in the countryside | Flowering plants are better pollinated in urban than in rural areas. This has now been demonstrated experimentally by a team of scientists led by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (MLU) and the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ).... | 10.1038/s41467-020-14496-6 | 2,020 | Nature Communications | Urban areas as hotspots for bees and pollination but not a panacea for all insects | Abstract Urbanisation is an important global driver of biodiversity change, negatively impacting some species groups whilst providing opportunities for others. Yet its impact on ecosystem services is poorly investigated. Here, using a replicated experimental design, we test how Central European cities impact flying ins... |
894308 | Discovery of new praying mantis species from the time of the dinosaurs | A McGill-led research team has identified a new species of praying mantis thanks to imprints of its fossilized wings. It lived in Labrador, in the Canadian Subarctic around 100 million years ago, during the time of the dinosaurs, in the Late Cretaceous period. The researchers believe that the fossils of the new genus a... | 10.1111/syen.12457 | 2,021 | Systematic Entomology | Wing morphology of a new <scp>Cretaceous prayin</scp>g mantis solves the phylogenetic jigsaw of early‐diverging extant lineages | Abstract The extremely derived morphology and behaviour of extant praying mantises combined with a scarce record of fossil relatives introduce significant challenges to tracing their evolution from Palaeozoic stem‐dictyopterans. Extant members of Chaeteessidae, Mantoididae and Metallyticidae could be invaluable to reso... |
662665 | Corals and their microbiomes evolved together, new research shows | CORVALLIS, Ore. - Corals and the microbes they host evolved together, new research by Oregon State University shows.
The findings, published today in Nature Communications, add fresh insight to the fight to save the Earth's embattled coral reefs, the planet's largest and most significant structures of biological origin... | 10.1038/s41467-018-07275-x | 2,018 | Nature Communications | Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny | Scleractinian corals' microbial symbionts influence host health, yet how coral microbiomes assembled over evolution is not well understood. We survey bacterial and archaeal communities in phylogenetically diverse Australian corals representing more than 425 million years of diversification. We show that coral microbiom... |
716350 | Your body is transparentized in a virtual environment | A Ph.D. candidate, Ryota Kondo, and Professor Michiteru Kitazaki at Toyohashi University of Technology, in cooperation with Professor Masahiko Inami at the University of Tokyo, Associate Professor Maki Sugimoto, and Associate Professor Kouta Minamizawa at Keio University have found that the visual-motor synchronicity o... | 10.1038/s41598-018-25951-2 | 2,018 | Scientific Reports | Illusory body ownership of an invisible body interpolated between virtual hands and feet via visual-motor synchronicity | Body ownership can be modulated through illusory visual-tactile integration or visual-motor synchronicity/contingency. Recently, it has been reported that illusory ownership of an invisible body can be induced by illusory visual-tactile integration from a first-person view. We aimed to test whether a similar illusory o... |
731999 | Opioid use disorder medications improve health outcomes after endocarditis hospitalization | Boston - Starting medication to treat opioid use disorder within 30 days of being discharged from the hospital due to injection drug use-related endocarditis - a type of serious heart infection - improves health outcomes, a new study shows. Led by researchers at Boston Medical Center's Grayken Center for Addiction, the... | 10.1093/cid/ciaa062 | 2,020 | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Outcomes Associated With Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Persons Hospitalized for Infective Endocarditis | Endocarditis, once predominately found in older adults, is increasingly common among younger persons who inject drugs. Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) complicates endocarditis management. We aimed to determine if rates of overdose and rehospitalization differ between persons with OUD with endocarditis who are initi... |
570712 | University of Guelph researchers uncover why environmental cues make drug addiction extra hard to beat | It's known environmental cues can be strong triggers for those trying to kick a drug habit because those cues activate the brain's emotional and stimulus-response systems.
A new study by University of Guelph researchers reveals for the first time that there's more going on in the brain when someone walks past a customa... | 10.1101/lm.048579.118 | 2,019 | Learning & Memory | Cocaine, nicotine, and their conditioned contexts enhance consolidation of object memory in rats | To test the hypothesis that drugs of abuse and their conditioned stimuli (CSs) enhance memory consolidation, the effects of post-training exposure to cocaine and nicotine were compared to the effects of post-training exposure to contextual stimuli that were paired with the effects of these drugs. Using the object recog... |
958507 | Two different white blood cell types play opposing roles in affecting heartbeat irregularities after heart attack | BOSTON – Patients with heart disease are at risk of experiencing a potentially lethal “electrical storm” involving recurrent episodes of a type of irregular heartbeat called ventricular tachycardia (VT).
Electric shock therapy is used to treat VT following a heart attack, but unfortunately, options to prevent its recur... | 10.1038/s44161-022-00094-w | 2,022 | Nature Cardiovascular Research | Neutrophils incite and macrophages avert electrical storm after myocardial infarction | Abstract Sudden cardiac death, arising from abnormal electrical conduction, occurs frequently in patients with coronary heart disease. Myocardial ischemia simultaneously induces arrhythmia and massive myocardial leukocyte changes. In this study, we optimized a mouse model in which hypokalemia combined with myocardial i... |
582972 | Mini 3D brain models could speed up search for MS treatments | Tiny 3-D models that mimic vital aspects of the human nervous system have been developed in a step that could accelerate drug research for neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS).
The millimetre-wide models - created using stem cells from human skin samples - will be used to study myelin, an insulating ... | 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.006 | 2,021 | Developmental Cell | iPSC-derived myelinoids to study myelin biology of humans | Myelination is essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation, health, and function. Emerging evidence of oligodendrocyte heterogeneity in health and disease and divergent CNS gene expression profiles between mice and humans supports the development of experimentally tractable human myelination systems. Here, we ... |
907868 | Cool lizards are better at learning socially | Bearded dragons which are incubated in colder environments are better at solving cognitive tasks as adults than incubated in warmer temperatures, according to new research published today.
Scientists tested the social learning abilities of bearded dragons which had been incubated in either an average of 30°C or 27°C an... | 10.1098/rsos.170742 | 2,017 | Royal Society Open Science | Incubation environment impacts the social cognition of adult lizards | Recent work exploring the relationship between early environmental conditions and cognition has shown that incubation environment can influence both brain anatomy and performance in simple operant tasks in young lizards. It is currently unknown how it impacts other, potentially more sophisticated, cognitive processes. ... |
603628 | Penguin forensics | Knowing where and how Antarctic penguins, and other seabirds and marine predators, migrate is critical for conservation efforts. Although electronic tracking devices have helped scientists track marine animals' migration patterns, the devices can be expensive, invasive for the animal and challenging to retrieve. Scient... | 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0241 | 2,017 | Biology Letters | Stable isotope analyses of feather amino acids identify penguin migration strategies at ocean basin scales | Identifying the at-sea distribution of wide-ranging marine predators is critical to understanding their ecology. Advances in electronic tracking devices and intrinsic biogeochemical markers have greatly improved our ability to track animal movements on ocean-wide scales. Here, we show that, in combination with direct t... |
895829 | Communication difficulties linked to increased risk of self-harm and suicidal behavior | Washington, May 1, 2018 Children who have difficulties with social communication have a higher risk of self-harm with suicidal intent by the age of 16 years compared to those without, reports a new study published in the May 2018 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP). ... | 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.01.023 | 2,018 | Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry | Autistic Traits and Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Self-Harm in Late Adolescence: Population-Based Cohort Study | To examine the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) diagnosis and traits in childhood are associated with suicidal thoughts, plans and self-harm at 16 years, and that any observed associations are explained by depression at 12 years.We examined associations between ASD diagnosis and 4 dichotomized ASD traits... |
584190 | The material that obscures supermassive black holes | Black holes appear to play a fundamental role in how galaxies evolve throughout their life during a phase in which they are active and consume material from the galaxy itself. During this phase, the galaxy hosts an active galactic nucleus (AGN), and the effect that this nuclear activity produces in the galaxy is known ... | 10.1038/s41550-017-0232-z | 2,017 | Nature Astronomy | Nuclear obscuration in active galactic nuclei | 12 pages, 7 figures. Nature Astronomy Review |
815784 | Could SARS-CoV-2 evolve resistance to COVID-19 vaccines? | Similar to bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics, viruses can evolve resistance to vaccines, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 could undermine the effectiveness of vaccines that are currently under development, according to a paper published November 9 in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by David Kennedy and An... | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001000 | 2,020 | PLoS Biology | Monitor for COVID-19 vaccine resistance evolution during clinical trials | Although less common than the evolution of antimicrobial drug resistance, vaccine resistance can and has evolved. How likely is it that COVID-19 vaccines currently in development will be undermined by viral evolution? We argue that this can be determined by repurposing samples that are already being collected as part o... |
491177 | A new technique isolates neuronal activity during memory consolidation | A team, led by researchers from the Cajal Institute (Madrid) belonging to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), have discovered some basic processes underlying memory consolidation in collaboration with colleagues at the National Hospital for Paraplegics in Toledo (Spain) and the University of Szeged (Hungary).... | 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.032 | 2,017 | Neuron | Mechanisms for Selective Single-Cell Reactivation during Offline Sharp-Wave Ripples and Their Distortion by Fast Ripples | Memory traces are reactivated selectively during sharp-wave ripples. The mechanisms of selective reactivation, and how degraded reactivation affects memory, are poorly understood. We evaluated hippocampal single-cell activity during physiological and pathological sharp-wave ripples using juxtacellular and intracellular... |
759114 | Fabrication of a single-crystal giant magnetoresistive device on a polycrystalline film | NIMS and AIST have jointly succeeded in fabricating a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) device comprising single-crystal Heusler alloys on an practical silicon substrate. The team demonstrated for the first time that a single-crystal magnetoresistive device can be bonded onto the surface of a polycrystalline electrode using... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2020.04.002 | 2,020 | Acta Materialia | Fully epitaxial giant magnetoresistive devices with half-metallic Heusler alloy fabricated on poly-crystalline electrode using three-dimensional integration technology | Fully-epitaxial magnetoresistance (MR) devices with half-metallic Heusler alloys has attracted considerable attention for years due to their excellent spin-dependent transport properties such as high MR ratio and ultra-low resistance-area product. However, their poor manufacturability due to the necessity of epitaxial ... |
891731 | Cannabis strength soars over past half century -- new study | New research shows that over the past 50 years street cannabis across the world has become substantially stronger carrying an increased risk of harm.
The team behind the study from the Addiction and Mental Health Group at the University of Bath, synthesised data from over 80,000 cannabis samples tested in the past 5... | 10.1111/add.15253 | 2,020 | Addiction | Changes in delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) concentrations in cannabis over time: systematic review and meta‐analysis | Abstract Background and aims Cannabis products with high delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations carry an increased risk of addiction and mental health disorders, while it has been suggested that cannabidiol (CBD) may moderate the effects of THC. This study aimed to systematically review and meta‐analyse chan... |
936827 | The health of homeless people improves with socialisation | Homelessness is a complex issue and can be caused by structural factors such as insufficient or inadequate social and health systems, unaffordable housing and/or individual factors, such as health problems, poverty or mental disorders. More than 700,000 homeless people are currently living in Europe and the trend is ex... | 10.3390/ijerph18179392 | 2,021 | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | The Association of Interpersonal Relationships and Social Services with the Self-Rated Health of Spanish Homelessness | Understanding the specific factors associated with poor health is critical to improve the health of homeless people. This study aimed to analyze the influence of personal variables, interpersonal relationships, and the influence of social services on the health of homeless people. A secondary analysis was applied to cr... |
465098 | Meta-analysis shows children prefer people who speak like them | Research shows that children prefer to befriend, listen to, and imitate people who speak similarly to them. While most of this research has been conducted on monolingual (speaking only one language) children from Western societies, a growing subset of research has begun examining whether this pattern holds for children... | 10.1111/cdev.13548 | 2,021 | Child Development | Something About the Way You Speak: A Meta‐analysis on Children’s Linguistic‐based Social Preferences | There is growing interest in the role of linguistic cues (accents, dialects, language) in driving children’s social preferences. This meta‐analysis integrated 131 effect sizes involving 2,680 infants and children from 2 days old to 11 years. Overall, children prefer native‐accent, native‐dialect, and native‐language sp... |
799493 | Two motivational artificial beings are better than one for enhancing learning | Tsukuba, Japan - Social rewards such as praise are known to enhance various stages of the learning process. Now, researchers from Japan have found that praise delivered by artificial beings such as robots and virtual graphics-based agents can have effects similar to praise delivered by humans, with important practical ... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0240622 | 2,020 | PLoS ONE | Two is better than one: Social rewards from two agents enhance offline improvements in motor skills more than single agent | Social rewards as praise from others enhance offline improvements in human motor skills. Does praise from artificial beings, e.g., computer-graphics-based agents (displayed agents) and robots (collocated agents), also enhance offline improvements in motor skills as effectively as praise from humans? This paper answers ... |
879743 | Scents and sense ability: Diesel fumes alter half the flower smells bees need | In polluted environments, diesel fumes may be reducing the availability of almost half the most common flower odours that bees use to find their food, research has found.
The new findings suggest that toxic nitrous oxide (NOx) in diesel exhausts could be having an even greater effect on bees' ability to smell out flowe... | 10.1007/s10886-015-0624-4 | 2,015 | Journal of Chemical Ecology | The Effects of Diesel Exhaust Pollution on Floral Volatiles and the Consequences for Honey Bee Olfaction | There is growing evidence of a substantial decline in pollinators within Europe and North America, most likely caused by multiple factors such as diseases, poor nutrition, habitat loss, insecticides, and environmental pollution. Diesel exhaust could be a contributing factor to this decline, since we found that diesel e... |
623763 | Betting on drones as smart agricultural tools for pesticide use in farms | Besides enabling more potent smartphones and higher download speeds while riding the subway, cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, and wireless communications are on the verge of revolutionizing well-established industrial fields. A remarkable example is "smart agriculture," which has seen a... | 10.3390/su13052618 | 2,021 | Sustainability | Evaluating Farm Management Performance by the Choice of Pest-Control Sprayers in Rice Farming in Japan | With rapidly advancing technologies such as IoT, AI, robotics, and others, smart agriculture in Japan has been introduced and tested throughout the country. The validity of the implementation of smart agriculture could be measured by using cost analysis, working capacity assessment, and management efficiency analysis. ... |
688956 | Decoding ants' coat of many odors | It's a waxy layer that covers their bodies and is the source of the complex aromas that ants use to communicate. These odorant blends act like biochemical uniforms, identifying individual ants by caste, colony and species. In so doing it helps regulate the ants' behavior, allowing them to navigate the sophisticated soc... | 10.1073/pnas.1704647114 | 2,017 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Functional characterization of odorant receptors in the ponerine ant, <i>Harpegnathos saltator</i> | Animals use a variety of sensory modalities-including visual, acoustic, and chemical-to sense their environment and interact with both conspecifics and other species. Such communication is especially critical in eusocial insects such as honey bees and ants, where cooperation is critical for survival and reproductive su... |
932279 | Scientists discover new function of mitochondrial inner membrane fusion protein OPA1 | In cells, there are many kinds of functional "micro-organs" called organelles. Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles in the cell and are known as the "power plant" of the cell.
Mitochondria have a complex structure that is divided into four regions from the inside out, the outer (OM) and inner membrane (IM) ... | 10.1007/s11427-021-1962-0 | 2,021 | Science China Life Sciences | Short-form OPA1 is a molecular chaperone in mitochondrial intermembrane space | Mitochondria, double-membrane organelles, are known to participate in a variety of metabolic and signal transduction pathways. The intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria is proposed to subject to multiple damages emanating from the respiratory chain. The optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), an important protein for mitochondrial... |
853849 | Study points to new weapon in fight against lethal fungi | Monash University researchers have gained insights into how nanoparticles could develop a biosensor to prevent deadly diseases contracted on medical equipment, such as catheters.
Candida albicans can become a serious problem for people who are seriously ill or immune-suppressed.
Researchers at Monash University have... | 10.1021/acsami.9b10853 | 2,019 | ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces | Characterization of Key Bio–Nano Interactions between Organosilica Nanoparticles and <i>Candida albicans</i> | Nanoparticle-cell interactions between silica nanomaterials and mammalian cells have been investigated extensively in the context of drug delivery, diagnostics, and imaging. While there are also opportunities for applications in infectious disease, the interactions of silica nanoparticles with pathogenic microbes are r... |
495139 | The propagation of admixture-derived evolutionary potential | Adaptive radiation - the rapid evolution of many new species from a single ancestor - is a major focus in evolutionary biology. Adaptive radiations often show remarkable repeatability where lineages have undergone multiple episodes of adaptive radiation in distant places and at various points in time - implying their e... | 10.1098/rspb.2020.0941 | 2,020 | Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences | The propagation of admixture-derived adaptive radiation potential | Adaptive radiations (ARs) frequently show remarkable repeatability where single lineages undergo multiple independent episodes of AR in distant places and long-separate time points. Genetic variation generated through hybridization between distantly related lineages can promote AR. This mechanism, however, requires rar... |
659280 | The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects marine crustaceans | Announcing a new publication for Marine Life Science & Technology journal. In this review article the authors Caiwen Li, Meng Li and Qian Huang from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China consider the impact of the parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium on aquaculture of marine crustaceans ... | 10.1007/s42995-020-00061-z | 2,021 | Marine Life Science & Technology | The parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium infects marine crustaceans | Hematodinium is a type of parasitic dinoflagellate that infects marine crustaceans globally. The parasite lives mainly in the hemolymph or hemocoels of affected hosts, and results in mortalities due to malfunction or loss of functions of major organs. In recent years, the parasite had developed into an emerging epidemi... |
838331 | 'Mini-placentas' could provide a model for early pregnancy | Researchers say that new 'mini-placentas' - a cellular model of the early stages of the placenta - could provide a window into early pregnancy and help transform our understanding of reproductive disorders. Details of this new research are published today in the journal Nature.
Many pregnancies fail because the embryo ... | 10.1038/s41586-018-0753-3 | 2,018 | Nature | Trophoblast organoids as a model for maternal–fetal interactions during human placentation | The placenta is the extraembryonic organ that supports the fetus during intrauterine life. Although placental dysfunction results in major disorders of pregnancy with immediate and lifelong consequences for the mother and child, our knowledge of the human placenta is limited owing to a lack of functional experimental m... |
542341 | Hydrogen production: This is how green algae assemble their enzymes | Researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have analysed how green algae manufacture complex components of a hydrogen-producing enzyme. The enzyme, known as the hydrogenase, may be relevant for the biotechnological production of hydrogen.
To date, little is known about the way organisms form this type of hydrogenases under... | 10.1111/tpj.13535 | 2,017 | The Plant Journal | Compartmentalisation of [FeFe]‐hydrogenase maturation in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> | Molecular hydrogen (H2 ) can be produced in green microalgae by [FeFe]-hydrogenases as a direct product of photosynthesis. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii hydrogenase HYDA1 contains a catalytic site comprising a classic [4Fe4S] cluster linked to a unique 2Fe sub-cluster. From in vitro studies it appears that the [4Fe4S] ... |
738024 | Enigmatic African fossils rewrite story of when lemurs got to Madagascar | Discovered more than half a century ago in Kenya and sitting in museum storage ever since, the roughly 20-million-year-old fossil Propotto leakeyi was long classified as a fruit bat.
Now, it's helping researchers rethink the early evolution of lemurs, distant primate cousins of humans that today are only found on the ... | 10.1038/s41467-018-05648-w | 2,018 | Nature Communications | Fossil lemurs from Egypt and Kenya suggest an African origin for Madagascar’s aye-aye | In 1967 G.G. Simpson described three partial mandibles from early Miocene deposits in Kenya that he interpreted as belonging to a new strepsirrhine primate, Propotto. This interpretation was quickly challenged, with the assertion that Propotto was not a primate, but rather a pteropodid fruit bat. The latter interpretat... |
604259 | Tracing the footprints of a tumor: Genomic 'scars' allow cancer profiling | When a cell develops into a tumor, something has gone terribly wrong: the uncontrolled growth, invasion of nearby tissues and finally metastasis are the result of many consecutive DNA mutations. Such an accumulation of demolished genetic material often derives from initial environmental exposures, enzymatic activities ... | 10.1038/s41467-018-04052-8 | 2,018 | Nature Communications | Validating the concept of mutational signatures with isogenic cell models | Abstract The diversity of somatic mutations in human cancers can be decomposed into individual mutational signatures, patterns of mutagenesis that arise because of DNA damage and DNA repair processes that have occurred in cells as they evolved towards malignancy. Correlations between mutational signatures and environme... |
978950 | Sugar consumption and early interruption of breastfeeding are risk factors for dental caries in infancy | A study involving 800 children shows inclusion of sugar in their diet and early interruption of breastfeeding to be the main factors that contribute to the appearance of dental caries by age 2. An article reporting the results is published in the journal Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology.
The World Health Organ... | 10.1111/cdoe.12813 | 2,022 | Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology | Prolonged breastfeeding, sugar consumption and dental caries at 2 years of age: A birth cohort study | Abstract Objectives Previous cohort studies have found a positive association between prolonged breastfeeding (≥12 months) on dental caries, but few of them analysed the mediated effect of sugar consumption on this association. This study investigated whether prolonged breastfeeding is a risk factor for caries at 2‐yea... |
806241 | Study: Black and white kids faring equally in subsidized housing | Once-formidable disparities between black and white families living in subsidized housing have largely vanished, and black and white children who grew up in such housing fared similarly in school, jobs and earnings, a new Johns Hopkins University study found.
One troubling difference remains, however, between black and... | 10.1080/10511482.2017.1311275 | 2,017 | Housing Policy Debate | Race and Assisted Housing | This article explores racial disparities between assisted housing outcomes of black and white and white households with children. We compare the assisted housing occupied by black and white households with children, and examine whether young adult education, employment, and earnings outcomes in 2011 differ between blac... |
956739 | An engaging leadership style may boost employee engagement | A new analysis suggests that a particular leadership style dubbed “engaging leadership” can boost employees’ engagement and enhance team effectiveness within the workplace. Greta Mazzetti of the University of Bologna, Italy, and Wilmar Schaufeli of Utrecht University in the Netherlands present these findings in the ope... | 10.1371/journal.pone.0269433 | 2,022 | PLoS ONE | The impact of engaging leadership on employee engagement and team effectiveness: A longitudinal, multi-level study on the mediating role of personal- and team resources | Most research on the effect of leadership behavior on employees' well-being and organizational outcomes is based on leadership frameworks that are not rooted in sound psychological theories of motivation and are limited to either an individual or organizational levels of analysis. The current paper investigates whether... |
966348 | Time-restricted eating reduces cardiovascular health risks associated with shift work for firefighters | Shift work has been linked to a number of health problems, including higher rates of diabetes, heart attacks, and other cardiometabolic diseases. But despite the known risks, little research has been done to identify lifestyle interventions that could help prevent these concerns. A new randomized, controlled clinical t... | 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.018 | 2,022 | Cell Metabolism | Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The Healthy Heroes randomized control trial | Over a quarter of the workforce in industrialized countries does shift work, which increases the risk for cardiometabolic disease. Yet shift workers are often excluded from lifestyle intervention studies to reduce this risk. In a randomized control trial with 137 firefighters who work 24-h shifts (23-59 years old, 9% f... |
526711 | The bluest of blue: A new algae-based switch is lighting up biological research! | Several organisms possess "ion channels" (gateways that selectively allow charged particles called ions to enter the cells and are integral for cell function) called "channelrhodopsins," that can be switched on and off with the help of light. Different channelrhodopsins respond to different wavelengths in the light spe... | 10.1038/s42003-021-01755-5 | 2,021 | Communications Biology | Specific residues in the cytoplasmic domain modulate photocurrent kinetics of channelrhodopsin from Klebsormidium nitens | Abstract Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-gated ion channels extensively applied as optogenetics tools for manipulating neuronal activity. All currently known ChRs comprise a large cytoplasmic domain, whose function is elusive. Here, we report the cation channel properties of KnChR, one of the photoreceptors from a f... |
935238 | Earthquakes and extreme rainfall lead to a significant increase in the rates of landslides in Nepal | Earthquakes and extreme rainfall can lead to a six-fold increase in the rates of rainfall-triggered landslides occurring during Nepal’s monsoon season, according to new research.
The Himalayan nation experiences severe landslides every year as a result of its annual monsoon season, which occurs between June and August.... | 10.1038/s41467-021-26964-8 | 2,021 | Nature Communications | 30-year record of Himalaya mass-wasting reveals landscape perturbations by extreme events | In mountainous environments, quantifying the drivers of mass-wasting is fundamental for understanding landscape evolution and improving hazard management. Here, we quantify the magnitudes of mass-wasting caused by the Asia Summer Monsoon, extreme rainfall, and earthquakes in the Nepal Himalaya. Using a newly compiled 3... |
959603 | Measuring the universe with star-shattering explosions | An international team of 23 researchers led by Maria Dainotti, Assistant Professor at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), has analyzed archive data for powerful cosmic explosions from the deaths of stars and found a new way to measure distances in the distant Universe.
With no landmarks in space, it ... | 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7c64 | 2,022 | The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | The Optical Two- and Three-dimensional Fundamental Plane Correlations for Nearly 180 Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows with Swift/UVOT, RATIR, and the Subaru Telescope | Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fascinating events due to their panchromatic nature. We study optical plateaus in GRB afterglows via an extended search into archival data. We comprehensively analyze all published GRBs with known redshifts and optical plateaus observed by many ground-based telescopes (e.g., Subaru ... |
680525 | Optofluidic chip with nanopore 'smart gate' developed for single molecule analysis | A new chip-based platform developed by researchers at UC Santa Cruz integrates nanopores and optofluidic technology with a feedback-control circuit to enable an unprecedented level of control over individual molecules and particles on a chip for high-throughput analysis.
In a paper published August 16 in Nature Communi... | 10.1038/s41467-019-11723-7 | 2,019 | Nature Communications | On demand delivery and analysis of single molecules on a programmable nanopore-optofluidic device | Abstract Nanopore-based single nanoparticle detection has recently emerged as a vibrant research field with numerous high-impact applications. Here, we introduce a programmable optofluidic chip for nanopore-based particle analysis: feedback-controlled selective delivery of a desired number of biomolecules and integrati... |
479940 | New key mechanism of epileptic seizures revealed | Russian scientists investigated the changes in the temporal lobe cortex of a rat brain during prolonged epileptic seizures. Despite the complex interaction of neural signals, biologists and physicists managed to build their mathematical model and identified the key factor leading to the seizures. This work was supporte... | 10.3389/fncel.2018.00486 | 2,018 | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience | Seizure-Induced Potentiation of AMPA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission in the Entorhinal Cortex | Excessive excitation is considered one of the key mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. We investigated changes in the evoked postsynaptic responses of medial entorhinal cortex pyramidal neurons by seizure-like events (SLEs), using the modified 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) model of epileptiform activity. Rat brain slices... |
828996 | Job sharing can boost number of women in senior higher education roles | Job sharing offers a route to increase the number of women in senior leadership roles in higher education.
Research from Lancaster University Management School, published in a special issue of Social Sciences, shows the potential for job sharing to provide new routes into senior management positions and to increase fem... | 10.3390/socsci8070209 | 2,019 | Social Sciences | How Job Sharing Can Lead to More Women Achieving Senior Leadership Roles in Higher Education: A UK Study | This article explores the opportunity that job sharing offers as a way of encouraging more women into senior management roles in the higher education sector. There is a scarcity of female leadership representation in the higher education context, in particular a lack of female leadership pipeline. The article examines ... |
933988 | Electron family creates previously unknown state of matter | Dissipationless electric energy transport–also known as superconductivity–is seen as a beacon of hope for the energy industry. Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, scientists around the world have been investigating this well-known quantum phenomenon, which, however, requires the electrons in metals to be coole... | 10.1038/s41567-021-01350-9 | 2,021 | Nature Physics | State with spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry above the superconducting phase transition | The most well-known example of an ordered quantum state—superconductivity—is caused by the formation and condensation of pairs of electrons. Fundamentally, what distinguishes a superconducting state from a normal state is a spontaneously broken symmetry corresponding to the long-range coherence of pairs of electrons, l... |
907464 | Russian scientists developed a system for malignant brain tumors diagnosing during surgery | Scientists of the Research Medical University of Volga region and the Institute of Applied Physics, RAS have developed a system for malignant brain tumors diagnosing during surgery. The method is based on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Doctors obtained images of brain tissue that clearly show the differences betw... | 10.3389/fonc.2019.00201 | 2,019 | Frontiers in Oncology | Cross-Polarization Optical Coherence Tomography for Brain Tumor Imaging | This paper considers valuable visual assessment criteria for distinguishing between tumorous and non-tumorous tissues, intraoperatively, using cross-polarization OCT (CP OCT) – OCT with a functional extension, that enables detection of the polarization properties of the tissues in addition to their conventional light s... |
498506 | 'Smart' machine components alert users to damage and wear | Scientists at the United Technologies Research Center and UConn used advanced additive manufacturing technology to create 'smart' machine components that alert users when they are damaged or worn.
The researchers also applied a variation of the technology to create polymer-bonded magnets with intricate geometries and a... | 10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.010 | 2,018 | Additive manufacturing | Direct write fabrication of high-density parallel silver interconnects | Abstract This study investigates the suitability of direct write (DW) technology for the fabrication of high-resolution wear sensors. We demonstrate the production of high-density parallel interconnect traces and provide recommendations for processing conditions to minimize line width and line spacing based on DW ink... |
932358 | Scientists look beyond the individual brain to study the collective mind | CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — In a new paper, scientists suggest that efforts to understand human cognition should expand beyond the study of individual brains. They call on neuroscientists to incorporate evidence from social science disciplines to better understand how people think.
“Accumulating evidence indicates that memory, r... | 10.3389/fnsys.2021.675127 | 2,021 | Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience | Cognitive Neuroscience Meets the Community of Knowledge | Cognitive neuroscience seeks to discover the biological foundations of the human mind. One goal is to explain how mental operations are generated by the information processing architecture of the human brain. Our aim is to assess whether this is a well-defined objective. Our contention will be that it is not because th... |
797301 | Born to be wild: Fungal highways let bacteria travel in exchange for thiamine | Tsukuba, Japan - Tiny organisms head out on the highway, looking for adventure like they've ridden straight out of the 1960s rock hit, "Born to Be Wild." Researchers from Japan have discovered that while perhaps not as thrill-seeking, bacteria do indeed travel on fungal highways and pay a toll in return.
In a study pub... | 10.26508/lsa.202000878 | 2,020 | Life Science Alliance | Fungal mycelia and bacterial thiamine establish a mutualistic growth mechanism | Exclusivity in physical spaces and nutrients is a prerequisite for survival of organisms, but a few species have been able to develop mutually beneficial strategies that allow them to co-habit. Here, we discovered a mutualistic mechanism between filamentous fungus, Aspergillus nidulans , and bacterium, Bacillus subtili... |
583949 | US indoor climate most similar to northeast African outdoors | What do you do to remain comfortable in your home?
If you're like the American citizen scientists who reported information about their home climate, you make it as close as possible to the outdoor climate of west central Kenya, according to a new North Carolina State University study.
The survey of U.S. indoor climate ... | 10.1098/rsos.180695 | 2,019 | Royal Society Open Science | Human indoor climate preferences approximate specific geographies | Human engineering of the outdoors led to the development of the indoor niche, including home construction. However, it is unlikely that domicile construction mechanics are under direct selection for humans. Nonetheless, our preferences within indoor environments are, or once were, consequential to our fitness. The rese... |
580204 | Early melting of winter snowfall advances the Arctic springtime | The early arrival of spring in parts of the Arctic is driven by winter snow melting sooner than in previous decades and by rising temperatures, research suggests.
The findings, from a study of plants at coastal sites around the Arctic tundra, help scientists understand how the region is responding to a changing climat... | 10.1111/gcb.14639 | 2,019 | Global Change Biology | Local snow melt and temperature—but not regional sea ice—explain variation in spring phenology in coastal Arctic tundra | Abstract The Arctic is undergoing dramatic environmental change with rapidly rising surface temperatures, accelerating sea ice decline and changing snow regimes, all of which influence tundra plant phenology. Despite these changes, no globally consistent direction of trends in spring phenology has been reported across ... |
913053 | Citizen scientists help geologists to identify earthquakes and tectonic tremors | It is not yet possible to predict earthquakes, but the analysis of different types of seismic data allows scientists to pinpoint where and when each type of earthquake originated, and hence better understand when and where tectonic slip might occur via damaging earthquakes. Tens of thousands of seismic stations around ... | 10.3389/feart.2020.00321 | 2,020 | Frontiers in Earth Science | Citizen Scientists Help Detect and Classify Dynamically Triggered Seismic Activity in Alaska | In this citizen science project, we ask citizens to listen to relevant sections of seismograms that are accelerated to audible frequencies. The events we are asking citizens to help identify are local seismic events that generate much smaller signals than those associated with the seismic surface waves that might have ... |
770704 | Delirium a key sign of COVID-19 in frail, older people | A new analysis of data from researchers at King's College London using information from the COVID Symptom Study app and patients admitted to St Thomas' Hospital in London, has shown that delirium - a state of acute confusion associated with a higher risk of serious illness and death - is a key symptom of COVID-19 in fr... | 10.1093/ageing/afaa223 | 2,020 | Age and Ageing | Probable delirium is a presenting symptom of COVID-19 in frail, older adults: a cohort study of 322 hospitalised and 535 community-based older adults | Frailty, increased vulnerability to physiological stressors, is associated with adverse outcomes. COVID-19 exhibits a more severe disease course in older, comorbid adults. Awareness of atypical presentations is critical to facilitate early identification. |
924820 | Cellular filaments keeping the pace | Cilia are filamentous, hair-like structures that can be found on nearly all cells of the human body. Depending on the tissue, they fulfill a plethora of essential tasks, such as the transport of mucus in trachea, providing access to nutrients and inducing the left-right asymmetry during embryonic development. In their ... | 10.1073/pnas.2102828118 | 2,021 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Conditions for metachronal coordination in arrays of model cilia | Significance Motile cilia can coordinate with each other to beat in the form of a metachronal wave, which can facilitate the self-propulsion of microorganisms such as Paramecium and can also be used for fluid transport such as mucus removal in trachea. How can we predict the collective behavior of arrays of many cilia ... |
483002 | Heart cells cozy up to prevent deadly arrhythmias | Blood may seem like a simple fluid, but its chemistry is complex. When too much potassium, for instance, accumulates in the bloodstream, patients may experience deadly irregular heart rhythms.
Cardiovascular scientists at Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC are studying why.
In a new study, pu... | 10.1007/s00424-021-02537-y | 2,021 | Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology | The conduction velocity-potassium relationship in the heart is modulated by sodium and calcium | Abstract The relationship between cardiac conduction velocity (CV) and extracellular potassium (K + ) is biphasic, with modest hyperkalemia increasing CV and severe hyperkalemia slowing CV. Recent studies from our group suggest that elevating extracellular sodium (Na + ) and calcium (Ca 2+ ) can enhance CV by an extrac... |
713891 | 'Gayborhoods' still home to subtle discrimination | Despite claiming to support gay rights, many straight people who live in traditionally gay neighbourhoods still practice subtle forms of discrimination when interacting with their gay and lesbian neighbours.
That's the key finding of new University of British Columbia sociology research published today in the journal C... | 10.1111/cico.12298 | 2,018 | City and Community | Performative Progressiveness: Accounting for New Forms of Inequality in the Gayborhood | Attitudes toward homosexuality have liberalized considerably, but these positive public opinions conceal the persistence of prejudice at an interpersonal level. We use interviews with heterosexual residents of Chicago gayborhoods—urban districts that offer ample opportunities for contact and thus precisely the setting ... |
947213 | Things are heating up for superconductors | Researchers at Linköping University have, by way of a number of theoretical calculations, shown that magnesium diboride becomes superconductive at a higher temperature when it is stretched. The discovery is a big step toward finding superconductive materials that are useful in real-world situations.
“Magnesiumdiboride ... | 10.1063/5.0078765 | 2,022 | Journal of Applied Physics | The effect of strain and pressure on the electron-phonon coupling and superconductivity in MgB2—Benchmark of theoretical methodologies and outlook for nanostructure design | Different theoretical methodologies are employed to investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure and anisotropic stress and strain on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of MgB2. This is done both by studying Kohn anomalies in the phonon dispersions alone and by explicit calculation of the electron–phonon... |
806945 | De-mystifying the study of volatile organic plant compounds | Similar to human pheromones, all plants emit signaling chemicals. The chemicals, called volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are ubiquitous. The smell of freshly cut grass is caused by a VOC. Ever wonder why Christmas trees easily catch fire? Conifer trees emit a flammable group of VOCs called terpenes.
VOCs protect pla... | 10.3732/apps.1500044 | 2,015 | Applications in Plant Sciences | Methods in plant foliar volatile organic compounds research | Plants are a major atmospheric source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These secondary metabolic products protect plants from high-temperature stress, mediate in plant-plant and plant-insect communication, and affect our climate globally. The main challenges in plant foliar VOC research are accurate sampling, the ... |
791951 | Study finds migration strategy predicts stopover ecology in shorebirds | As anyone who has ever taken a long car trip knows, frequent rest and refueling stops are needed to make it to the destination. For migratory birds, this is the case as well, only they fuel up on food during their rest stops and put on large amounts of fat in the process. However, not all bird species have the same mig... | 10.1515/ami-2015-0003 | 2,015 | Animal Migration | Migration strategy predicts stopover ecology in shorebirds on the northern Gulf of Mexico | Abstract Twenty-eight species of migratory shorebirds rely on the coastlines of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) to fuel migrations to near-arctic breeding grounds. Shorebird species vary in their migration ecology: some species use a “jump” strategy, migrating long distances without stopping, while others use “skip”... |
977811 | Amazon heat drives Tibet temperatures: climate tipping elements connected half around the globe | “Logging, road construction and warming are already today stressing the Amazon rainforest, and will likely do so even more in the future – and while the Amazon region is of course an important Earth system element by itself, it’s also a burning question if and how changes in that region could affect other parts of the ... | 10.1038/s41558-022-01558-4 | 2,023 | Nature Climate Change | Teleconnections among tipping elements in the Earth system | Abstract Tipping elements are components of the Earth system that may shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another at specific thresholds. It is not well understood to what degree tipping of one system can influence other regions or tipping elements. Here, we propose a climate network approach to analyse t... |
708105 | Proposed cuts to US Malaria Initiative could mean millions more malaria cases | Cutting the budget of the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) by 44%, as the U.S. Congress has proposed, would lead to an estimated 67 million additional cases of malaria over the next four years, according to a mathematical model published this week in PLOS Medicine by Peter Winskill of Imperial College London, UK, a... | 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002448 | 2,017 | PLoS Medicine | The US President's Malaria Initiative, Plasmodium falciparum transmission and mortality: A modelling study | Although significant progress has been made in reducing malaria transmission globally in recent years, a large number of people remain at risk and hence the gains made are fragile. Funding lags well behind amounts needed to protect all those at risk and ongoing contributions from major donors, such as the President's M... |
702497 | Surprise: Non-dietary factors played important role in shaping skulls of carnivores | Factors other than feeding habits - including age at sexual maturity and average rainfall in their home habitat - have greatly influenced skull shape in carnivores, according to a new study. This finding contrasts with the idea that dominant shapes among the skulls of carnivores are mostly attributed to shared diets. T... | 10.1126/sciadv.aao5441 | 2,018 | Science Advances | Structure-function covariation with nonfeeding ecological variables influences evolution of feeding specialization in Carnivora | Biomechanical analyses across Carnivora indicate nondietary influences on skull shape and evolution of feeding adaptations. |
685602 | Workplace 'resilience' programs might not make any difference | Workplace resilience programmes, designed to bolster mental health and wellbeing, and encourage employees to seek help when issues arise, might not make any difference, suggests research published online in Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
These programmes are becoming increasingly popular in the belief that they... | 10.1136/oemed-2018-105503 | 2,018 | Occupational and Environmental Medicine | Resilience-based intervention for UK military recruits: a randomised controlled trial | We evaluated a military resilience intervention which aimed to help UK military recruits to manage their personal health and well-being more effectively.Trainers within six pre-existing training teams were randomly allocated by team to deliver a resilience-based intervention (SPEAR) or usual training (control) during r... |
668583 | Incurable cancer: Patients need palliative care support early on | So far, there has been little research into supportive care needs in patients with newly diagnosed incurable cancer and as their disease progresses. That is why experts from the German Cancer Society's working group on palliative medicine, led by Professor Florian Lordick, Director of the University Cancer Center Leipz... | 10.1002/onco.13751 | 2,021 | The Oncologist | Symptom Burden and Palliative Care Needs of Patients with Incurable Cancer at Diagnosis and During the Disease Course | Although current guidelines advocate early integration of palliative care, symptom burden and palliative care needs of patients at diagnosis of incurable cancer and along the disease trajectory are understudied.We assessed distress, symptom burden, quality of life, and supportive care needs in patients with newly diagn... |
764337 | Princeton scientists discover an interaction that helps cancers spread to bone | A Princeton-led team of researchers have discovered a factor that promotes the spread of cancers to bone, opening the way toward treatments that could mitigate cancer's ability to colonize bone. The study by Mark Esposito, Yibin Kang and colleagues appears in the April 15 issue of Nature Cell Biology.
"A large majority... | 10.1038/s41556-019-0309-2 | 2,019 | Nature Cell Biology | Bone vascular niche E-selectin induces mesenchymal–epithelial transition and Wnt activation in cancer cells to promote bone metastasis | How disseminated tumour cells engage specific stromal components in distant organs for survival and outgrowth is a critical but poorly understood step of the metastatic cascade. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in promoting the cancer stem cell properties needed... |
883177 | Three-dimensional imaging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease in which progressive scarring of the lungs leads to respiratory failure. Lung scarring in IPF takes the form of aggregates of proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, known as "fibroblastic foci", which deposit collagen and other fibrotic components. These foc... | 10.1172/jci.insight.86375 | 2,016 | JCI Insight | Three-dimensional characterization of fibroblast foci in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the fibroblast focus is a key histological feature representing active fibroproliferation. On standard 2D pathologic examination, fibroblast foci are considered small, distinct lesions, although they have been proposed to form a highly interconnected reticulum as the leading edge... |
966903 | Driving high? Chemists make strides toward a marijuana breath analyzer | A UCLA chemist and colleagues are now a step closer to their goal of developing a handheld tool similar to an alcohol Breathalyzer that can detect THC on a person’s breath after they’ve smoked marijuana.
In a paper published in the journal Organic Letters, UCLA organic chemistry professor Neil Garg and researchers from... | 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02289 | 2,022 | Organic Letters | A Cannabinoid Fuel Cell Capable of Producing Current by Oxidizing Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol | We report the development of a current-producing H-Cell that relies on the oxidation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana. We found through systematic investigation of several variables that power densities could be improved 5-fold. Moreover, a real-time signal in ... |
925479 | New analysis of landmark scurvy study leads to update on vitamin C needs | It was wartime and food was scarce. Leaders of England’s effort to wage war and help the public survive during World War II needed to know: Were the rations in lifeboats adequate for survival at sea? And, among several experiments important for public as well as military heath, how much vitamin C did a person need to a... | 10.1093/ajcn/nqab262 | 2,021 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | Vitamin C and scar strength: analysis of a historical trial and implications for collagen-related pathologies | A double-blind controlled trial initiated in 1944 has led to the common narrative that a 10-mg daily vitamin C intake is adequate to prevent and treat impaired wound healing, and by inference, other collagen-related diseases such as heart disease or stroke. The WHO relies on this narrative to set the recommended nutrie... |
472303 | Lion conservation requires effective international cooperation | Lions belong to the world's most charismatic megafauna. However, lion numbers and range have declined alarmingly over the last two decades.
"To turn the tide, international cooperation is crucial," says a team of lawyers, conservation biologists and social scientists.
In their recently published review article in the... | 10.3897/natureconservation.21.13690 | 2,017 | Nature Conservation | International law and lions (Panthera leo): understanding and improving the contribution of wildlife treaties to the conservation and sustainable use of an iconic carnivore | The lion (Panthera leo) is featuring ever more prominently on the agendas of international wildlife treaties like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Lion range and numbers have declined markedly over the ... |
551022 | Potential therapeutic target for lung fibrosis identified | In an article published online by Frontiers in Endocrinology, researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) report that they have identified a potential therapeutic target for lung fibrosis or scarring. They showed in a preclinical model that the protein promotes fibrosis by turning on profibrotic gene... | 10.3389/fendo.2018.00601 | 2,018 | Frontiers in Endocrinology | IGFBP-5 Promotes Fibrosis via Increasing Its Own Expression and That of Other Pro-fibrotic Mediators | Pulmonary fibrosis is a hallmark of diseases such as systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To date, the therapeutic options for patients with pulmonary fibrosis are limited, and organ transplantation remains the most effective option. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5... |
721406 | NCAM2 protein plays a decisive role in the formation of structures for cognitive learning | he molecule NCAM2, a glycoprotein from the superfamily of immunoglobulins, is a vital factor in the formation of the cerebral cortex, neuronal morphogenesis and formation of neuronal circuits in the brain, as stated in the new study published in the journal Cerebral Cortex. The deficit of NCAM2 causes an incorrect migr... | 10.1093/cercor/bhz342 | 2,020 | Cerebral Cortex | NCAM2 Regulates Dendritic and Axonal Differentiation through the Cytoskeletal Proteins MAP2 and 14-3-3 | Abstract Neural cell adhesion molecule 2 (NCAM2) is involved in the development and plasticity of the olfactory system. Genetic data have implicated the NCAM2 gene in neurodevelopmental disorders including Down syndrome and autism, although its role in cortical development is unknown. Here, we show that while overexpre... |
978518 | Repressive methods used in training women’s artistic gymnasts can be extremely harmful, study warns | Women’s artistic gymnastics has attracted considerable attention at recent editions of the Olympic Games, thrilling huge crowds of spectators at the venue itself and gripping billions of viewers on TVs around the world. Murky and even unethical behavior may lie hidden behind these displays of beauty, grace and skill, h... | 10.1080/13573322.2022.2142544 | 2,022 | Sport Education and Society | Living within and outside a disciplinary bubble: a Foucauldian analysis of Brazilian gymnasts’ experiences in boarding school | The gymnastics' environment has been criticised for producing uncompromising coaching practices, emotional disorders, harassment and abuse. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the young gymnasts can be acute when they live in gymnastics boarding schools, where many aspects of their lives are controlled. Drawing upon a... |
872691 | Angstrom multilayer metrology by combining spectral measurements and machine learning | With the recent explosive demand for data storage, ranging from data centers to various smart and connected devices, the need for higher-capacity and more compact memory devices is constantly increasing. As a result, semiconductor devices are now moving from 2D to 3D. The 3D-NAND flash memory is the most commercially s... | 10.37188/lam.2021.001 | 2,021 | Light Advanced Manufacturing | Non-destructive thickness characterisation of 3D multilayer semiconductor devices using optical spectral measurements and machine learning | Three-dimensional (3D) semiconductor devices can address the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D) devices by expanding the integration space in the vertical direction. A 3D NOT-AND (NAND) flash memory device is presently the most commercially successful 3D semiconductor device. It vertically stacks more than... |
665115 | A breakthrough in the study of how things break, bend and deform | everything from sedimentary rocks, to beyond-whisker-thin graphite--will form a series of internal buckles, or ripples, as they deform.
The finding was published in the journal Scientific Reports by a team of researchers from Drexel's College of Engineering, led by Michel W. Barsoum, PhD, distinguished professor and h... | 10.1038/srep33451 | 2,016 | Scientific Reports | Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids | Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation-best described as an atomic scale ripple-was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional... |
870016 | Type 1 diabetes: Tannic acid encapsulation protects transplanted islets from rejection | BIRMINGHAM, Ala. - Type 1 diabetes, or T1D, results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. People with T1D require exogenous insulin and suffer swings in the levels of glucose in the blood that impact life expectancy and increase risks of cardiovascular disease, neuropathies and... | 10.2337/db20-0248 | 2,020 | Diabetes | Localized Immunosuppression With Tannic Acid Encapsulation Delays Islet Allograft and Autoimmune-Mediated Rejection | Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease of insulin-producing β-cells. Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for T1D, but long-term graft viability and function remain challenging. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the activation of alloreactive and autoreactive immunity toward the engrafted islets. T... |
722237 | Regeneration in the digestive tract | The human gut is teeming with billions of beneficial bacteria. Therapies that use antibiotics often destroy most of them. Whether and how the intestinal flora will subsequently recover has been investigated by a research team that included scientists from the MDC. The results have been published in the scientific journ... | 10.1038/s41564-018-0257-9 | 2,018 | Nature Microbiology | Recovery of gut microbiota of healthy adults following antibiotic exposure | To minimize the impact of antibiotics, gut microorganisms harbour and exchange antibiotics resistance genes, collectively called their resistome. Using shotgun sequencing-based metagenomics, we analysed the partial eradication and subsequent regrowth of the gut microbiota in 12 healthy men over a 6-month period followi... |
804447 | New research offers insights into managing agricultural runoff and coastal dead zones | A study published today in Ecology Letters adds to a growing body of work examining the relationship between harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico and agricultural runoff. The article focuses on water chemistry, specifically the ratio of dissolved silica to dissolved inorganic nitrogen in 130 lakes connected to wa... | 10.1111/ele.12689 | 2,016 | Ecology Letters | Low ratios of silica to dissolved nitrogen supplied to rivers arise from agriculture not reservoirs | Abstract Coastal marine systems are greatly altered by toxic marine algae, eutrophication and hypoxia. These problems have been linked to decreased ratios of dissolved silica to inorganic nitrogen (Si : DIN ) delivered from land. Two mechanisms for this decline under consideration are enhanced nitrogen (N) fertiliser l... |
897019 | Deeper insight into how tick spit suppresses cattle immunity | A tick saliva study reveals immune responses that could lead to better protection for cattle.
Scientists from Hokkaido University, Japan and Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, have revealed that substances in tick saliva activates immune response-suppressing pr... | 10.1038/s41598-020-80251-y | 2,021 | Scientific Reports | Tick saliva-induced programmed death-1 and PD-ligand 1 and its related host immunosuppression | Abstract The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a harmful parasite of cattle that causes considerable economic losses to the cattle breeding industry. Although R . microplus saliva (Rm-saliva) contains several immunosuppressants, any association between Rm-saliva and the expression of immunoinhibitory molecules, such as p... |
716518 | Brain connections are more sophisticated than thought | In 1959, a scientist named Edward Gray showed that the miniscule gaps between neurons where chemical messages are sent, called synapses, come in two main varieties, which researchers later dubbed "excitatory" and "inhibitory."
Inhibitory synapses act as the brakes in the brain, preventing it from becoming overexcited.... | 10.1126/science.aag0821 | 2,016 | Science | Identification of an elaborate complex mediating postsynaptic inhibition | Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through postsynaptic hyperpolarization. The composition of the inhibitory postsynapse and the mechanistic basis of its regulation, however, remain poorly understood. We used an in vivo chemico-genetic proximity-labeling approach to discover inhibitory postsynaptic proteins. ... |
788053 | Early Earth may have been a 'waterworld' | 10.1038/s41561-020-0538-9 | 2,020 | Nature Geoscience | Limited Archaean continental emergence reflected in an early Archaean 18O-enriched ocean | The origin and evolution of Earth’s biosphere were shaped by the physical and chemical histories of the oceans. Marine chemical sediments and altered oceanic crust preserve a geochemical record of these histories. Marine chemical sediments, for example, exhibit an increase in their 18O/16O ratio through time. The impli... | |
914863 | College football players underestimate risk of injury and concussion | AURORA, Colo. (Dec. 29, 2020) - College football players may underestimate their risk of injury and concussion, according to a new study published today in JAMA Network Open.
Christine Baugh, PhD, MPH, assistant professor of medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and member of the CU Center for Bioe... | 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31509 | 2,020 | JAMA Network Open | Accuracy of US College Football Players’ Estimates of Their Risk of Concussion or Injury | <h3>Importance</h3> Despite increased concern about the health consequences of contact sports, little is known about athletes' understanding of their own risk of sports-related injury. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess whether college football players accurately estimate their risk of concussion and nonconcussion injury and... |
465598 | Flies release neuronal brakes to fly longer | For insects, flying is a swift way of getting around to find food, identify a mate and escape unfavourable conditions. While muscles provide the power for flying, it is the brain that coordinates strategic planning. For a hungry fly, this could mean using its powerful olfaction to sense the presence of food such as a r... | 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.070 | 2,019 | Current Biology | Extended Flight Bouts Require Disinhibition from GABAergic Mushroom Body Neurons | Insect flight is a complex behavior that requires the integration of multiple sensory inputs with flight motor output. Although previous genetic studies identified central brain monoaminergic neurons that modulate Drosophila flight, neuro-modulatory circuits underlying sustained flight bouts remain unexplored. Certain ... |
979550 | New funding proposal aims to reduce bottlenecks on Upper Mississippi River | AMES, IA — On the Upper Mississippi River, a system of locks and dams keeps the artery between Minneapolis and St. Louis open and the U.S. economy pumping. Barges haul around 175 million tons of freight, including 60% of the country’s grain exports, across the waterway each year.
But decades of use, freeze-and-thaw cyc... | 10.5325/transportationj.62.1.0043 | 2,023 | Transportation Journal | Rehabilitating Locks and Dams in the Upper Mississippi Waterway Through PPP: A New Business Model | Abstract Many supply chains rely on barge transportation along the Upper Mississippi waterway system. However, locks and dams that enable traffic flows through the waterway system are aging and causing disruptions frequently, bringing considerable financial damages to shippers. Cost of the major system rehabilitation i... |
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