question stringlengths 13 291 | contexts stringlengths 2 24.7k | ground_truth stringlengths 6 6.9k ⌀ | exact_answer stringlengths 2 710 |
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What is Snord116? | ['Further analysis with array-CGH identified a mosaic 847\u2009kb deletion in 15q11-q13, including SNURF-SNRPN, the snoRNA gene clusters SNORD116 (HBII-85), SNORD115, (HBII-52), SNORD109 A and B (HBII-438A and B), SNORD64 (HBII-13), and NPAP1 (C15ORF2).', 'All three deletions included SNORD116, but only two encompassed... | ['SNORD116 is a small nucleolar (sno) RNA gene cluster (HBII-85) implicated as a major contributor the Prader-Willi phenotype. \nSNORD116 genes appears to be responsible for the major features of PWS. \nSNORD116 is a paternally expressed box C/D snoRNA gene cluster.\nThe mouse C/D box snoRNA MBII-85 (SNORD116) is proce... | [] |
Are ultraconserved elements often transcribed? | ['Starting from a genome-wide expression profiling, we demonstrate for the first time a functional link between oxygen deprivation and the modulation of long noncoding transcripts from ultraconserved regions, termed transcribed-ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs)', 'Our data gives a first glimpse of a novel functional hypo... | ['Yes. Especially, a large fraction of non-exonic UCEs is transcribed across all developmental stages examined from only one DNA strand.'] | ['yes'] |
List metalloenzyme inhibitors. | [' Clinically approved inhibitors were selected as well as several other reported metalloprotein inhibitors in order to represent a broad range of metal binding groups (MBGs), including hydroxamic acid, carboxylate, hydroxypyridinonate, thiol, and N-hydroxyurea functional groups.', 'A total of 21 different raltegravir-... | ['Foscarnet\nVT-1129\nVT-1161 \nBB-3497\nhydroxamate molecules\nsiderophores'] | ['VT-1129', 'VT-1161', 'BB-3497', 'hydroxamate molecules', 'siderophores', 'Foscarnet'] |
Which protein phosphatase has been found to interact with the heat shock protein, HSP20? | [' Moreover, protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Indeed, human genetic variants of inhibitor-1 (G147D) or Hsp20 (P20L) result in reduced binding and inhibition of protein phosphatase-1, suggesting aberrant enzymatic regulation in h... | ['Protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and coimmunolocalization studies, revealed an association between Hsp20 and PP1. Small heat shock protein 20 interacts with protein phosphatase-1 and ... | ['Protein phosphatase 1', 'PP1'] |
Do DNA double-strand breaks play a causal role in carcinogenesis? | ['The DNA non-homologous end-joining repair gene XRCC6/Ku70 plays an important role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by both exogenous and endogenous DNA-damaging agents. Defects in overall DSB repair capacity can lead to genomic instability and carcinogenesis.', 'The tumor suppressor breast can... | ['Yes. It has been demonstrated that induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and defects in overall DSBs repair capacity can lead to an accumulation of mutations, resulting in genomic instability of cells. Given that genomic instability is the hallmark of cancer, DSBs play a causal role in carcinogenesis.'] | ['yes'] |
Which factor interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle of human cells? | ["We identified MDM two binding protein (MTBP) as a factor that interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle. We show that MTBP depletion by means of small interfering RNA inhibits DNA replication by preventing assembly of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) holohelicase during origin firing. Although MTBP has been impl... | ["MDM two binding protein (MTBP) is a factor that interacts with Treslin/TICRR throughout the cell cycle. MTBP depletion by means of small interfering RNA inhibits DNA replication by preventing assembly of the CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) holohelicase during origin firing. Although MTBP has been implicated in the function of t... | ['MDM two binding protein (MTBP)'] |
Which are the newly identified DNA nucleases that can be used to treat thalassemia? | ['Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) DNA editing technology enables site-directed engineering of the genome', 'We used this opportunity to evaluate the effect of total donor homology on transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) mediated bi-allelic modifica... | ['Thalassemia is genetic diseases of the blood caused by mutations in the globin gene. Main goal for thalassemia treatment is to develop homologous recombination based gene therapy in order to cure these diseases. Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) are proper targets for the human globin ... | ['TALEN', 'Transcription activator-like effector nucleases', 'Crispr/CAS', 'zinc-finger nucleases'] |
What are the applications of a Dermaroller ? | ['Dermaroller along with Minoxidil treated group was statistically superior to Minoxidil treated group in promoting hair growth in men with AGA for all 3 primary efficacy measures of hair growth. Microneedling is a safe and a promising tool in hair stimulation and also is useful to treat hair loss refractory to Minoxid... | ['Microneedling with dermaroller is a new treatment modality for the treatment of scars, especially acne scars, stretch marks, wrinkles, and for facial rejuvenation. It is a simple and relatively cheap modality that also can be used for transdermal drug delivery.\nMicroneedling is a safe and a promising tool in hair st... | [] |
What is Genomicus? | ['Genomicus: a database and a browser to study gene synteny in modern and ancestral genomes.', 'Here we present Genomicus, a new synteny browser that can represent and compare unlimited numbers of genomes in a broad phylogenetic view. In addition, Genomicus includes reconstructed ancestral gene organization, thus great... | ['Genomicus had been developed as a database and a browser to study gene synteny in modern and ancestral genomes. It allows easy comparative genomic visualization in >150 eukaryote genomes and in four different phyla (Vertebrate, Fungi, Metazoan and Plants). It provides a way to explore spatial information related to g... | [] |
Which proteins control the degradation of cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) in yeast? | ['Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3', 'These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. Yeast RNA binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3 direct termination of sn/snoRNAs and recently have also been implicated in premature tr... | ['Termination of cryptic unstable transcripts is directed by yeast RNA-binding proteins Nrd1 and Nab3. These cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs) are rapidly degraded by the nuclear exosome. Key substrates for exosomal degradation include aberrant functional RNAs and cryptic unstable transcripts (CUTs). Yeast RNA bindin... | ['Rrp6', 'Nrd1', 'Nab3', 'TRAMP complex', 'Trf4/5-Air1/2-Mtr4 polyadenylation', 'Sen1'] |
Can protein coding exons originate from ALU sequences? | ['The Alu element has been a major source of new exons during primate evolution. Thousands of human genes contain spliced exons derived from Alu elements.', 'More than 25% of Alu exons analyzed by RNA-Seq have estimated transcript inclusion levels of at least 50% in the human cerebellum, indicating widespread establish... | ['Yes. Intronic ALUs can evolve into exons by the activation of splice signals residing within the ALU sequence. While most ALU exons do not add or modify the coding capacity of the resulting transcript, examples have been identified of ALU exons becoming protein coding.'] | ['yes'] |
List adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment. | ['Adenosine A2A antagonists, such as istradefylline, improve motor function in PD, but their effect on cognitive impairment has not been determined.', 'Both istradefylline and preladenant have demonstrated moderate efficacy in reducing off time in PD patients with motor fluctuations. ', " The available data also sugges... | ["Istradefylline and preladenant are adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment."] | ['istradefylline', 'preladenant'] |
Are microtubules marked by glutamylation? | ["Together with detyrosination, glutamylation and other modifications, tubulin acetylation may form a unique 'language' to regulate microtubule structure and function.", 'Glutamylation, the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification, marks stable microtubules and regulates recruitment and activity of microtu... | ['Yes, glutamylation is the most prevalent tubulin posttranslational modification and marks stable microtubules.'] | ['yes'] |
Albumin depletion is a common first step for proteomic analysis of CSF fluid. What is the advantage and disadvantage of this procedure? | ['However, albumin binds peptides and proteins, which raises concerns as to how the removal of albumin could impact the outcome of the biomarker study while ignoring the possibility that this could be a biomarker subproteome itself.', 'This study demonstrates that reduction of sample complexity by albumin depletion of ... | ['Depletion of the high abundant protein Albumin from CSF samples is improving the detection of lower abundant proteins but may also lead to the potential loss of non-target proteins.'] | [] |
What is "Epitranscriptome analysis"? | ['The simultaneous detection of all the post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) that decorate cellular RNA can provide comprehensive information on the effects of changing environmental conditions on the entire epitranscriptome. ', 'The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies coupled with new detection meth... | ["Modified nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) have been discovered over 40 years ago, but until recently little was known about which transcripts contain them and what their function is. High-throughput sequencing approaches revealed a dynamic landscape of the 'Epitranscriptome' for many mRNA modifications in various ... | [] |
Is Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 a phosphaturic hormone? | ['PTH can induce skeletal synthesis of another potent phosphaturic hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), ', ' Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone that has recently been identified as a CKD-related factor affecting CRS. ', ' circulating phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor-23 l... | ['Yes, fbroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone.'] | ['yes'] |
Which are the components of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) in eukaryotes? | [' The first step of replication initiation is the assembly of pre-replication complex (pre-RC). Since 1973, four proteins, Cdc6/Cdc18, MCM, ORC and Cdt1, have been extensively studied and proved to be pre-RC components. Recently, a novel pre-RC component called Sap1/Girdin was identified. Sap1/Girdin is required for l... | ['The components of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) in eukaryotes are:\n1) Cdc6/Cdc18, \n2) MCM, \n3) ORC1-6,\n4) Cdt1 and\n5) Sap1/Gi.'] | ['Cdc6/Cdc18', 'MCM', 'ORC1-6', 'Cdt1', 'Sap1/Gi'] |
What organism causes woolsorter's disease | ["Today, woolsorters' disease and other industrial manifestations of anthrax are extremely rare, ", "Working independently of their more famous counterparts (Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur), Anglo-American anthrax investigators used visual representations of anthrax bacilli to persuade their peers that a specific, ident... | ["Woolsorter's disease is caused by the same organism as Anthrax, bacillus Anthrax. "] | ['Bacillus Anthracis'] |
List drugs included in the DHAP-R chemotherapy regiment. | ['Standard treatment of transplant-eligible patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) consists of rituximab and platinum-based chemotherapy, either ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) or dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP), with autologous transplant consolidation for those with ... | ['Dexamethasone (a steroid hormone), cytarabine (ara-C), cisplatin (platinum agent) and rituximab are included in the DHAP-R chemotherapy protocol.'] | ['dexamethasone', 'cytarabine', 'cisplatin', 'rituximab'] |
What is the treatment of interferon-induced thyroiditis? | [] | ['An altered thyroid function is frequently observed during interferon treatment with a pattern similar to Hashimoto Thyroiditis or Graves disease.\nVery frequently the alterations of thyroid hormones related to interferon-induced thyroiditis spontaneosly diseapper in a few months\nTreatment when necessary is propanol... | [] |
Has the protein GFP been used in transgenesis for live protein imaging? | ['we review recent advancement in the functional studies of the three different GnRH neuron systems, mainly focusing on the electrophysiological analysis of the GnRH-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic animals.', 'founders were found to be transgenic for GFP.', 'GFP expression was detected in a wide range of mur... | ['Yes, the stable transgenesis of genes encoding functional or spatially localized proteins, fused to fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP), is an extremely important research tool in cell and developmental biology.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the causative agent of the "Panama disease" affecting bananas? | ['Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), the causal agent of Fusarium wilt (Panama disease), is one of the most devastating diseases of banana (Musa spp.)', 'avendish, the most widely grown banana cultivar, is relatively resistant to Race 1 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc1) which caused widespread Panama di... | ['Panama disease of banana is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.'] | ['Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense'] |
Can NXY-059 be used for treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients? | ['Even when the international recommendations for preclinical stroke research, the Stroke Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) criteria, were followed, we have still seen limited success in the clinic, examples being NXY-059 and haematopoietic growth factors which fulfilled nearly all the STAIR criteria', 'This occurre... | ['No. 2,4-disulfonylphenyl PBN derivative, called NXY-059 in the stroke studies, was shown to be safe in humans and was taken all the way through clinical phase 3 trials and then was deemed to be ineffective.'] | ['no'] |
What are the molecular characteristics of the FAA (FANCA) cDNA? | ['Here we report the isolation of a cDNA representing the FAA gene, following an expression cloning method similar to the one used to clone the FAC gene. The 5.5-kb cDNA has an open reading frame of 4,368 nucleotides. In contrast to the 63-kD cytosolic protein encoded by the FAC gene, the predicted FAA protein (M(r) 16... | ['The 5.5-kb cDNA of the FAA (FANCA) gene has an open reading frame of 4,368 nucleotides, whereas the FAA protein is predicted to have a molecular weight of approximately 163 kDa.'] | [] |
Is there a genetic component for happiness? | ['inally, a systematic review performed based on existing information. Results of studies on genetic factors indicated an average effectiveness of genetic about 35 -50 percent on happiness. ', 'The MAOA gene predicts happiness in women.', 'Although twin studies estimate that genetic factors account for 35-50% of the va... | ['Results of studies on genetic factors indicated an average effectiveness of genetic about 35 -50 percent on happiness. The MAOA gene predicts happiness in women. The heritability of happiness was estimated at 22% for males and 41% in females.'] | [] |
What is being measured with an accelerometer in back pain patients | ['accelerometer assessment measuring overall physical activity (PAL), constant strain postures (CSP), standing time (ST) and lying time (LT)', 'Physical activity was measured for 7 days at both baseline and at 3 months with an RT3 accelerometer', 'wearing an accelerometer to assess physical activity in daily life', 'An... | ['Accelerometer assessment measuring overall physical activity (PAL), constant strain postures (CSP), standing time (ST) and lying time (LT)...\nThe following parameters of physical activity were recorded: time upright (standing or walking), time standing, time walking, and step count.'] | ['Physical activity', 'PA', 'PAL', 'Constant Strain Postures', 'CSP', 'constant postures', 'Standing time', 'ST', 'Lying time', 'LT'] |
What disease is small bowel lymphoma commonly associated with | ['Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT in small intestine associated with amyloidosis: a rare association.', 'This is the first case of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the small intestine associated with amyloidosis in Korea', 'MR enterography of small-bowel lymphoma: poten... | ['Small bowel lymphoma is commonly associated with celiac disease.'] | ['Celiac disease', 'gluten-associated enteropathy', 'CELIAC SPRU', 'Non tropical spru', 'Gluten Sensitive Enteropath'] |
In which cells are gasdermins expressed? | ['Members of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in the epithelium of skin and the gastrointestinal tract. ', 'These results indicate that the mouse Gsdma and Gsdma3 genes share common function to regulate epithelial maintenance ', 'Gasdermin (GSDM or GSDM... | ['Members of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner in the epithelium of skin and the gastrointestinal tract.'] | ['epithelial cells'] |
What is the name of the stem loop present in the 3' end of genes encoding for selenoproteins? | ['stem-loop structure called the selenocysteine incorporating sequence (SECIS)', "3'-UTR mRNA stem-loop termed SElenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS)", 'Sec is inserted by a specific translational machinery that recognizes a stem-loop structure, the SECIS element', "Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS) element ... | ['SECIS (selenocysteine insertion sequence)'] | ['SECIS'] |
List interaction partners for the protein GATA1. | ['Our work describes, for the first time, distinct GATA-1 interactions with the essential hematopoietic factor Gfi-1b, the repressive MeCP1 complex, and the chromatin remodeling ACF/WCRF complex, in addition to the known GATA-1/FOG-1 and GATA-1/TAL-1 complexes. We also provide evidence that distinct GATA-1 complexes ar... | ['GATA-1 interact with factor Gfi-1b, the repressive MeCP1 complex, the chromatin remodeling ACF/WCRF complex, FOG-1, TAL-1, Ldb-1 and LMO2-C.', 'GATA1 interacts with the essential hematopoietic factor Gfi-1b, the repressive MeCP1 complex, the chromatin remodeling ACF/WCRF complex, in addition to the known GATA-1/FOG-1... | ['Gfi-1b', 'MeCP1', 'MeCP1 complex', 'ACF/WCRF complex', 'FOG-1', 'TAL-1', 'Ldb1', 'Ldb-1', 'LMO2-C', 'PIAS3', 'RUNX1', 'Ski', 'EKLF', 'SP1', 'CBP/p300', 'PU.1'] |
Are long non coding RNAs as conserved in sequence as protein coding genes? | ['Most lncRNAs are under lower sequence constraints than protein-coding genes and lack conserved secondary structures, making it hard to predict them computationally.', 'hey are under stronger selective pressure than neutrally evolving sequences-particularly in their promoter regions, which display levels of selection ... | ['No. Most long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are under lower sequence constraints than protein-coding genes.'] | ['no'] |
Which miRNAs could be used as potential biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer? | ['Finally, five promising differentially miRNAs (miR-200a, miR-100, miR-141, miR-200b, and miR-200c) were reported with the consistent direction in four or more studies. MiR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-141, all of them belong to miR-200 family, were reported with consistently up-regulated in at least 4 studies, w... | ['miR-200a, miR-100, miR-141, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-203, miR-510, miR-509-5p, miR-132, miR-26a, let-7b, miR-145, miR-182, miR-152, miR-148a, let-7a, let-7i, miR-21, miR-92 and miR-93 could be used as potential biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer.'] | ['let-7a', 'let-7b', 'let-7i', 'miR-21', 'miR-26a', 'miR-92', 'miR-93', 'miR-100', 'miR-132', 'miR-141', 'miR-145', 'miR-148a', 'miR-152', 'miR-182', 'miR-200a', 'miR-200b', 'miR-200c', 'miR-203', 'miR-509-5p', 'miR-510'] |
Do Conserved noncoding elements act as enhancers? | ['The aCNEs are rich in tissue-specific enhancers', 'Transgenic zebrafish assay of some human CNE enhancers that have been lost in teleosts', 'Conserved noncoding elements (CNEs) in vertebrate genomes often act as developmental enhancers,', 'In all four cases where the zebra fish and human CNE display a similar express... | ['An important percentage of noncoding elements conserved across distant species shows enhancer activity and other forms of regulatory functionality.'] | ['yes'] |
For what is Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus used in biochemistry? | ['Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) binds Fcγ and VH3 clan Fab domains of human and animal immunoglobulin (Ig) with each of its five Ig binding domains (IgBDs),', 'Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus plays one key role as an immobilized affinity ligand for the purification of antibodies. ', 'The recombinant SpA is also w... | ['Protein A from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) is used as an affinity ligand for purification of immunoglobulin G (IgG).'] | [] |
What is evaluated using the EORTC QLQ – INFO25 questionnaire? | ['The EORTC QLQ-INFO25 was used to evaluate the perceived level of and satisfaction with information. ', 'METHODS: The EORTC information questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-INFO25, was administered during the treatment process.', 'The EORTC information questionnaire, EORTC QLQ-INFO25. Validation study for Spanish patients.', 'INT... | ['The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Group information questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-INFO 25) evaluates the level of information patients have received in different areas of their disease, treatment and care, and evaluates qualitative aspects together with satisfaction with inform... | [] |
What is an approximate number of CTCF binding sites in the human genome? | ['To study CTCF multivalency in\xa0vivo, we define ZF binding requirements at ∼50,000 genomic sites in primary lymphocytes. ', 'However, only ~3,700 out of the ~5,700 CTCFL- and ~31,000 CTCF-binding sites overlap.'] | ['The number of CTCF binding sites in the human genome lies between 31,000 and 50,000.'] | ['30,000-50,000'] |
Which miRNA is targeted by SRY/Sox9? | ['Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?', 'Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 ( CDR1as) RNA transcripts have been described to function as a new class of post-transcriptional regulatory RNAs that behave as circular endogenous RNA spo... | ['The testis-specific circRNA, sex-determining region Y (Sry), serves as a miR-138 sponge, suggesting that miRNA sponge effects achieved by circRNA formation are a general phenomenon', 'Does the linear Sry transcript function as a ceRNA for miR-138?. Recently, the sex determining region Y ( Sry) and the cerebellar dege... | ['mir-138'] |
What kind of analyses are performed with the software tool "unipept" | ['Unipept is an open source web application that is designed for metaproteomics analysis with a focus on interactive datavisualization. ', 'The Unique Peptide Finder (http://unipept.ugent.be/peptidefinder) is an interactive web application to quickly hunt for tryptic peptides that are unique to a particular species, ge... | ['The Unipept web application (http://unipept.ugent.be) supports biodiversity analysis of large and complex metaproteome samples using tryptic peptide information obtained from shotgun MS/MS experiments. The application designed for metaproteomics analysis with a focus on interactive datavisualization.'] | [] |
Is vemurafenib used for thyroid cancer? | ['Vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive metastatic or unresectable papillary thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine: a non-randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.', 'Vemurafenib, an oncogenic BRAF kinase inhibitor approved for BRAF-positive melanoma, showed clinical benefit in three pat... | ['Yes. Vemurafenib, a selective BRAF inhibitor, appears to have promising clinical activity in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) harboring the BRAF(V600E) mutation.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the role of per genes in circadian rhythm control? | ['Temporal expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression, such as c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, Mdm-2 and Gadd45alpha is deregulated in mPer2 mutant mice.', 'The Period (Per) genes are key circadian rhythm regulators in mammals. Expression of the mouse Per (mPer) genes have diurnal pattern i... | ['PER1 and PER2 genes are involved in cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression, controlling expression of genes such as c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, Mdm-2 and Gadd45alpha.'] | [] |
What are prions? | ['Prion diseases are protein conformation disorders and neither caused by viroid or virus but is a transmissible particle labeled a prion by Pruisner. Normal prion protein becomes infectious by a different folding, but the triggers are not known. ', 'Prions are proteins most commonly associated with fatal neurodegenera... | ['Prion diseases are protein conformation disorders and neither caused by viroid or virus but is a transmissible particle labeled a prion by Pruisner. Normal prion protein becomes infectious by a different folding, but the triggers are not known. ', 'A prion is an infectious agent composed entirely of protein and is re... | [] |
How can transcranial sonography assist in the placement of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus for patients with Parkinson's disease? | ['["After measuring thermal effects of TCS and imaging artefact sizes of DBS lead using a skull phantom, we prospectively enrolled 34 patients with DBS of globus pallidus internus, ventro-intermediate thalamic or subthalamic nucleus. TCS had no influence on lead temperature, electrical parameters of DBS device or clini... | Transcranial sonography can assist in the placement of electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus for patients with Parkinson's disease by providing intraoperative visualization and TCS-assisted insertion of deep-brain stimulation electrodes. It helps in detecting lead dislocation requiring reinsertion and allows for the ... | [] |
Is the number of described human nuclear mutations less than 50000? | ['The number of known mutations in human nuclear genes, underlying or associated with human inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3700 different genes (Human Gene Mutation Database).', 'The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD®) is a comprehensive collection of germline mutations in nuclear genes that ... | ['No, The number of known mutations in human nuclear genes, underlying or associated with human inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3700 different genes (Human Gene Mutation Database).'] | ['no'] |
Which are the main functions of G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins? | ['Both G3BP1 and G3BP2 contribute to stress granule formation', 'G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA', 'We examined three conserved host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 in dengue virus (DENV-2) infect... | ['The main functions of G3BP1 and/or G3BP2 include translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs during dengue virus infection, initiation of assembly of stress granules, regulation of PMP22 mRNA which was found to affect cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, participation in several signaling pathways involved in gr... | ['Translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs during dengue virus infection', 'Initiation of assembly of stress granules', 'Regulation of PMP22 mRNA which was found to affect cell proliferation in breast cancer cells', 'Participation in several signaling pathways involved in growth, differentiation and apoptosis in huma... |
What was the aim of the COSS (Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study) clinical trial? | ['The Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) was conducted to determine if superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, when added to the best medical therapy, would reduce subsequent ipsilateral stroke in patients with complete internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and an elevated oxygen extr... | ['The Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS) was conducted to determine if superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass, when added to the best medical therapy, would reduce subsequent ipsilateral stroke in patients with complete internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion and an elevated oxygen extr... | [] |
What is Desomorphine? | ['Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil', 'Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin', '"Krokodil" is the street name for the semi-synthetic opioid derivative desomorphine.', 'Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a che... | ['Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the main component of krokodil', 'Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin', 'Desomorphine is the semi-synthetic opioid claimed to be the m... | [] |
What is the relationship between serum miR-21 levels, clinicopathological factors, prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, and the role of miR-100? | ['["Finally, five promising differentially miRNAs (miR-200a, miR-100, miR-141, miR-200b, and miR-200c) were reported with the consistent direction in four or more studies. MiR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, and miR-141, all of them belong to miR-200 family, were reported with consistently up-regulated in at least 4 studies,... | The relationship between serum miR-21 levels, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis in ovarian cancer patients is that increased serum miR-21 expression is correlated with advanced FIGO stage, high tumor grade, and shortened overall survival. Serum miR-21 may serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker in ep... | [] |
What is saxagliptin's role in diabetes treatment trials compared to vildagliptin and sitagliptin? | [' up to October 1st, 2013.", "Saxagliptin.", "Vildagliptin.", "an extensive Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database search for \'vildagliptin\', \'sitagliptin\', \'saxagliptin\', \'alogliptin\', \'linagliptin\' and \'dutogliptin\' was performed up to 1 March 2013.", "An extensive Medline and Embase search for \'vildagli... | null | [] |
Is the gene MAOA epigenetically modified by methylation? | ['Evidence that the methylation state of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene predicts brain activity of MAO A enzyme in healthy men.', 'We found significant interindividual differences in methylation status and methylation patterns of the core MAOA promoter. ', 'In the present study, DNA methylation patterns in the MAO... | ['In recent years, the role of epigenetic phenomenon, such as methylation, in mediating vulnerability to behavioral illness has become increasingly appreciated. One prominent locus at which epigenetic phenomena are thought to be in play is the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) locus.\nWe conclude that methylation of MAOA may ... | ['yes'] |
Which drug should be used as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdose? | ['Benzodiazepine (BZD) overdose (OD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the UK. Flumazenil is an effective antidote but there is a risk of seizures, particularly in those who have co-ingested tricyclic antidepressants.', 'Flumazenil was administered to 80 patients in 4504 BZD-related enquiries, 6... | ['Flumazenil should be used in all patients presenting with suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil is a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively blocks the central effects of benzodiazepines and reverses behavioral, neurologic, and electrophysiologic effects of benzodiazepine overdose. Clini... | ['flumazenil'] |
What chromosome is affected in Turner's syndrome? | ["Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. ", 'Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the complete or partial absence of an X chromosome in affected women', 'Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monoso... | ["Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome", "Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome.", "Turner's syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal defect with partial or total absence of the X chromosome. ", "turner's syndro... | ['X'] |
Are there Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) in plant genomes? | ['Conservation and functional element discovery in 20 angiosperm plant genomes', 'The detailed view of conservation across angiosperms revealed not only high coding-sequence conservation but also a large set of previously uncharacterized intergenic conservation', 'Conserved noncoding sequences highlight shared componen... | ['The detailed view of conservation across angiosperms revealed not only high coding-sequence conservation but also a large set of previously uncharacterized intergenic conservation. Grass genes have dramatically fewer and much smaller CNSs than mammalian genes. Using an alignment-free information-retrieval approach, w... | ['yes'] |
Do lincRNAs play a role in human cancer? | ['Long non-coding RNA H19 increases bladder cancer metastasis', 'These data suggest that upregulated H19 enhances bladder cancer metastasis by associating with EZH2 and inhibiting E-cad expression', 'lncRNA H19 is essential for human tumor growth', 'Previous reports have demonstrated that HOTAIR associates with chromat... | ['Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome and are emerging as new players in tumorigenesis due to their various functions in transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. The best-studied examples include HOTAIR, a negative prognostic factor that exh... | ['yes'] |
Is there alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development? | ['Extensive alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development.', "At 2 h post-fertilization, thousands of unique poly(A) sites appear at locations lacking a typical polyadenylation signal, which suggests a wave of widespread cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA degradation intermediates. Our insights into the ide... | ['Yes. There is extensive alternative polyadenylation during zebrafish development.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the mechanism of cementogenesis in pulp regeneration? | ['New vital tissues can be regenerated in permanent canine teeth after pulpectomy and enlargement of the apical foramen', 'The loss of dental pulp may weaken teeth, rendering them susceptible to reinfection, fracture, and subsequent tooth loss. Therefore, regeneration of pulp is considered an ideal treatment to preserv... | ["The dental follicle (DF) consists of progenitor cells that give rise to the cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Dental follicle cells attach to Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), and pulp cells in the cementum promoting cementogenesis. The temporospatial regulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pl... | [] |
Is the Wnt protein modified by notum? | ['Notum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity.', 'Kinetic and mass spectrometric analyses of human proteins show that Notum is a carboxylesterase that removes an essential palmitoleate moiety from Wnt proteins and thus constitutes the first known extracellular protein deacylase.', 'the Wnt inhibitor n... | ['Yes, \tNotum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity.'] | ['yes'] |
Does HuR bind to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs? | ["HuR is also overexpressed during tumourigenesis and is abnormally present within the cytoplasm, where it binds to AU-rich elements in the 3'UTRs of target mRNA and post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of its target genes.", "Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitous 32 kDa protein comprising three RNA Recognit... | ["Yes, the RNA-binding protein HuR binds at 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of target transcripts, thereby protecting them against degradation."] | ['yes'] |
Can beans induce apoptosis? | ['A 60-kDa glucosamine binding lectin, white kidney bean lectin (WKBL), was purified from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. white kidney beans, by application of anion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, and FPLC-size exclusion on Superdex 75. The anti-proliferative activity of WK... | ['White kidney bean lectin has been shown to exert anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on cancer cells'] | ['yes'] |
Are there clinical trials on stem cells in multiple sclerosis | ['Cells are generally given intravenously. Multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus have been successfully treated in human clinical trials', "Human multipotent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies are currently being tested in clinical trials for Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis, graft-versus-host diseas... | ['Yes. Human multipotent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies are currently being tested in clinical trials for multiple sclerosis. Several small pilot clinical trials in subjects with advanced MS have demonstrated that MSC administration is safe and provided an early signal of clinical effectiveness. The current aim... | ['yes'] |
Does melanoma occur in people of African origin ? | ['ALM is the most common type of melanoma amongst Asians, Africans,', 'ALM develops on palmar, plantar, and subungual skin, and its biology is different from that of other cutaneous melanomas, where sunlight is the major known environmental determinant', 'We present four albinos with histologic diagnoses of skin cancer... | ['Yes. Africans with dark skin have a reduced risk of getting all types of skin cancer as compared with Caucasians. The incidence of malignant melanoma in Johannesburg Black was 1,2 per 100 000 and accounted for 2% of all cancers. The largest number of cases occurred in the 50- 70-year age group and there was a female ... | ['yes'] |
What is the incidence of cystic fibrosis in the caucasian population? | ['Estimates of the newborn frequency of cystic fibrosis in different Caucasian groups range from 4 times more to 40 times less common than the generally accepted figure of 1:2000.', 'Current meconium screening trials which may be effective in populations with the incidence equal to or greater than 1:2000, may be useful... | ['Estimates of the newborn frequency of cystic fibrosis in different Caucasian groups range from 4 times more to 40 times less common than the generally accepted figure of 1:2000.', 'Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population, affecting approximately 1 in 2,000-1/2,... | ['1:2000'] |
Is pregabalin effective for treatment of patients with restless leg syndrome? | ['CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated improvements in objective and subjective measures of sleep maintenance and sleep architecture with pregabalin compared with placebo and pramipexole. Effects of pregabalin on periodic limb movement arousal index were comparable to pramipexole. ', 'CONCLUSIONS: Pregabalin provided s... | ['Yes, numerous evidence from clinical trials indicate that pregabalic is effective for treatment of patients diagnosed with restless leg syndrome.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the function of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)? | ['The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. ', 'The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in systemic calcium metabolism by regulating parathyroid hormone secretion and urinary calcium excretion. The CaSR is ubiqui... | ['The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.\nThe CaSR is a key regulator for such diverse processes as hormone secretion, gene expression, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Due to this pleiotropy, the C... | ['The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that plays an essential role in maintaining calcium homeostasis.'] |
Describe Hot water reflex epilepsy. | ['In this review we assess our currently available knowledge about reflex seizures with special emphasis on the difference between "generalized" reflex seizures induced by visual stimuli, thinking, praxis and language tasks, and "focal" seizures induced by startle, eating, music, hot water, somatosensory stimuli and or... | ['Hot water epilepsy (HWE) refers to a specific type of reflex epilepsy precipitated by the stimulus of bathing in hot water. Pathogenesis is still unknown and temporal lobe has been thought to take part in the epileptogenesis. HWE can be symptomatic of focal cortical malformation, and few cases were reported. Intermit... | [] |
Which gene controls the expression of GATA-1 isoforms? | ['Mutations in exon 2 interfere with the synthesis of the full-length isoform of GATA-1 and lead to the production of a shortened isoform, GATA-1s.', 'In this study, we report a transcriptional network in which PU.1 positively regulates GATA-1 expression in mast cell development. ', 'This isoform contains an alternativ... | ['In this study, we report a transcriptional network in which PU.1 positively regulates GATA-1 expression in mast cell development. This isoform contains an alternatively spliced first exon (IB) that is distinct from the first exon (IE) incorporated in the major erythroid mRNA transcript.', 'A transcriptional network ... | ['PU.1'] |
What is the function of Oseltamivir when administered during flu? | ['All patients were given specific antiviral therapy (oseltamivir).', "Oseltamivir (has known by its brand name 'Tamiflu') is a prodrug, requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form, Oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir was the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor commercially developed by US bas... | ["Oseltamivir (has known by its brand name 'Tamiflu') is a prodrug, requiring ester hydrolysis for conversion to the active form, Oseltamivir carboxylate. Oseltamivir is the first orally active neuraminidase inhibitor and it is an antiviral drug for the treatment of Swine Flu."] | [] |
Is there any software for automated analysis of FISH images? | ['he study demonstrated the feasibility of automated FISH signal analysis that applying a CAD scheme to the automated generated 2-D projection images.', 'A color imaging technique, multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization (M-FISH), has been developed to ease the analysis of the process. Using an M-FISH technique eac... | ['FISH is a popular molecular cytogenetic method. The output of a single FISH analysis is a set of several tens or hundreds microscopic images — a single evaluated sample is of roughly 20mm diameter. The goal of an automated evaluation is to replace the subjective evaluation of images by the laboratory technician to ac... | ['yes'] |
What is the function of the AtxA pleiotropic regulator? | ['The atxA gene product activates transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and is essential for virulence.', 'The atxA-null mutant is avirulent in mice', 'These data suggest that the atxA gene product also regulates toxin gene expression during infection.', 'Thus, we conclude that the pX01 influence on capsule synthesi... | ['AtxA is the gene encoding the trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis and is essential for virulence of B. anthracis. It is located on the resident 185-kb plasmid pXO1 and its activation is stimulated by bicarbonate. AtxA controls the expression of more than a hundred genes belonging to all genetic elements, the c... | [] |
What is the indication for prophylactic use of antibiotics in COPD? | ['Yet recent well-designed studies have demonstrated that prophylactic antibiotic use is of significant benefit to patients prone to developing infections. Study patients suffered from recurrent urinary tract infections, COPD or were mechanically ventilated in intensive care units. In the first 2 populations, use of an... | ['In a subset of patients with severe disease and prone to developing infections prophylactic use of antibiotics may reduce number of exacerbations and improve social and health care costs.'] | ['Reduction of number of exacerbations'] |
Is amantadine effective for treatment of disorders conciousness? | ['We here provide a systematic overview of the therapeutic effects of amantadine, apomorphine and zolpidem in patients recovering from coma. Evidence from clinical trials using these commonly prescribed pharmacological agents suggests positive changes in the neurological status in patients, leading sometimes to dramati... | ['Amantadine, a dopaminergic agent, has been shown to be effective for induction of recovery from disorders of consciousness. Amantadine is a commonly prescribed medication for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury. Amantadine accelerates the pace of functional recovery during ... | ['yes'] |
How histone deacetylation causes transcriptional gene silencing? | ['Lysine acetylation of histones is one of the major epigenetic regulators of chromatin conformation and gene expression. The dynamic nature of histone acetylation is determined by the counterbalancing activity of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Acetylation of histones is generally ass... | ['Histone deacetylation, catalyzed by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, is an epigenetic modification. Histone deacetylation leads to the formation of a condensed and transcriptionally repressive chromatin structure which inhibits gene transcription. '] | [] |
How does phospholamban affect the biological activity of the calcium ATPase SERCA? | ['Phospholamban (PLN) is a small integral membrane protein, which binds and inhibits in a yet unknown fashion the Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.', 'SR calcium uptake is mediated by a Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2), whose activity is reversibly regulated by phospholamban (PLN). Dephosphorylated PLN is an i... | ['SR calcium uptake is mediated by a Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2), whose activity is reversibly regulated by phospholamban (PLN). Dephosphorylated PLN is an inhibitor of SERCA and phosphorylation of PLN relieves this inhibition. Phospholamban (PLN) is a small integral membrane protein, which binds and inhibits in a yet unkno... | [] |
Which receptor(s) recognize lysosomal hydrolases in trans-Golgi network (TGN)? | ['The majority of the enzymes leave the TGN after modification with mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) residues, which are specifically recognized by M6P receptors (MPRs), ensuring their transport to the endosomal/lysosomal system.', 'M6P receptors play a major role in the intracellular transport of newly synthesized lysosomal ... | ['The majority of lysosomal hydrolases in trans-Golgi network (TGN) are specifically recognized by mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptors (MPRs), which ensure their transport to the endosomal/lysosomal system. Other receptors can also carry lysosomal hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the endosomal system. T... | ['mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs)', 'sortilin', 'lysosomal integral membrane protein (LIMP-2)', 'cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR)'] |
The antibodies MK-3475 and CT-011 have shown promising results in treating malignancies. Which protein are they targeting? | ['we find that using an anti-PD-1 antibody (CT-011)', 'PD-1 blockade by CT-011, anti-PD-1 antibody,', '. Presence of CT-011, an anti-PD1 antibody,', 'CT-011, a novel monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody', 'CT-011, a humanized antibody interacting with PD-1,', 'Anti-PD1 (nivolumab and MK-3475)', 'anti-PD-1 antibodies MK-3475'] | ['Modulation of the immune system by targeting coinhibitory and costimulatory receptors has become a promising new approach of immunotherapy for cancer. OBJECTIVE: CT-011 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that modulates the immune response through interaction with PD-1, a protein belonging to the B7 receptor fami... | ['PD-1'] |
How does mTORC1 signaling impact Notch1 expression via STAT3 activation? | ['["Mechanistically, mTORC1 mediated IL-6-induced Stat3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate the expression of downstream targets essential for cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Therefore, mTORC1 signaling critically protects against inflammatory bowel disease through modulation of inflammat... | mTORC1 signaling impacts Notch1 expression by positively regulating it through the activation of STAT3. | [] |
List all the available databases of super enhancers | ['dbSUPER: a database of super-enhancers in mouse and human genome', 'We developed dbSUPER (http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/dbsuper/), the first integrated and interactive database of super-enhancers, with the primary goal of providing a resource for assistance in further studies related to transcriptional control of... | ['dbSUPER and SEA are the available databases of super enhancers.', 'dbSUPER and SEA are the most well-known and widely used Super-Enhancer Databases.'] | ['dbSUPER', 'SEA'] |
How does Foxa transcription factor exhibits its pioneering function? | ['Similarities between the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Nuclear Protein EBNA1 and the Pioneer Transcription Factor FoxA: Is EBNA1 a "Bookmarking" Oncoprotein that Alters the Host Cell Epigenotype?', 'In this overview we focus, however, on the epigenetic alterations elicited by EBNA1 by drawing a parallel between EBNA1 and ... | ['The conceptional framework of the mechanism of action of the FoxA proteins is that these \'pioneer factors\' that can engage chromatin before other transcription factors. The Fox DNA-binding domain structurally resembles linker histone and binds nucleosomes stably. FoxA induces local DNA demethylation, nucleosome des... | [] |
Where is Akkermansia muciniphila found? | ['Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. ', 'Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes differ from lean and healthy individuals in their abundance of certain gut microbial species and microbial gene richness. Abundance o... | ['Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative mucin-degrading bacterium that resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.', 'RYGB led to altered relative abundances of 31 species (P\u2009<\u20090.05, q\u2009<\u20090.15) within the first 3\xa0months, including those of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumo... | ['Akkermansia muciniphila resides in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.'] |
What enzyme is inhibied by Opicapone? | ["PURPOSE: Opicapone (OPC) is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to be used as adjunctive therapy in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease. ", 'Brain and peripheral pharmacokinetics of levodopa in the cynomolgus monkey following administration of opicapone, a third generation nitrocatech... | ["Opicapone is a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor to be used as adjunctive therapy in levodopa-treated patients with Parkinson's disease"] | ['catechol-O-methyltransferase'] |
How does benralizumab's mechanism differ from other IL-5 biotherapeutics for severe asthma? | ['["Since IL-5 plays an important role in the maturation, survival and migration of eosinophils, hence the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma, biotherapeutics targeting IL-5/IL-5R\\u03b1 have been developed and/or marketed, including Mepolizumab, Reslizumab, and Benralizumab.", "Mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizum... | Benralizumab's mechanism differs from other IL-5 biotherapeutics for severe asthma in that it directly and rapidly depletes eosinophils through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, reduces asthma exacerbations, and improves lung function for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. | [] |
Which are the mains risk factors of metabolic syndrome? | ["tigated the association between circulating levels of 60 and 70 kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP60 and 70) and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study included 311 Brazilian women (age ≥45 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months). Women showing th... | ['Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of three out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. Met... | ['Obesity', 'High blood pressure', 'Hypertension', 'High serum triglycerides', 'Low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels', 'Diabetes type 2', 'Dyslipidaemia'] |
List symptoms of Gradenigo's syndrome. | ["INTRODUCTION: Gradenigo's syndrome is nowadays a rare condition characterized by a triad of otorrhea, facial pain with trigeminal nerve involvement and abducens nerve palsy.", "Gradenigo's syndrome is a rare but life threatening complication of acute otitis media (AOM), which includes a classic triad of otitis media,... | ["Gradenigo's syndrome is a rare but life threatening complication of acute otitis media, which includes a classic triad of otitis media, deep facial pain and ipsilateral abducens nerve paralysis."] | ['otitis media', 'deep facial pain', 'abducens nerve paralysis'] |
Is CD99 encoded by MIC2 gene? | ['We report 2 unusual cytogenetic findings in a pediatric Ewing sarcoma, an insertion of the MIC2 gene encoding CD99 from Xp to 10p and a submicroscopic deletion of the well-known tumor supressor gene KLF6', 'We obtained the final diagnosis of ES/PNET by immunohistochemical molecular study with positive staining for th... | ['CD99 is a 32-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is encoded by the MIC2 gene ', 'CD99 is a transmembrane protein encoded by MIC2 gene. It is involved in multiple cellular functions, including cell adhesion and migration, apoptosis, cell differentiation, and regulation of protein trafficking, in either physiological ... | ['yes'] |
What is targeted by Palbociclib? | ['BACKGROUND: Necitumumab is a second-generation, recombinant, human immunoglobulin G1 EGFR antibody. ', 'Epidermal growth factor receptor-directed monoclonal antibodies in nonsmall cell lung cancer: an update.', ' A Southwest Oncology Group study currently prospectively evaluates the predictive biomarkers for cetuxima... | ['Necitumumab is a fully human IgG(1) monoclonal antibody directed at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is used for treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer.'] | ['epidermal growth factor receptor'] |
Which computational frameworks are available for predicting enhancers? | ["In this study we developed DEEP, a novel ensemble prediction framework. DEEP integrates three components with diverse characteristics that streamline the analysis of enhancer's properties in a great variety of cellular conditions. In our method we train many individual classification models that we combine to classif... | ["DEEP integrates three components with diverse characteristics that streamline the analysis of enhancer's properties in a great variety of cellular conditions. DEEP uses features derived from histone modification marks or attributes coming from sequence characteristics. Experimental results indicate that DEEP performs... | ['DEEP', 'PRISM'] |
How do septins contribute to cell asymmetry in fungi and animals? | ['["discover that septins, a component of the cytoskeleton, recognize membrane curvature at the micron scale, a common morphological hallmark of eukaryotic cellular processes.", "Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptos... | Septins contribute to cell asymmetry in fungi and animals by promoting cell asymmetry through mechanisms that involve septin filament formation and cellular stability. These findings suggest that septins play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining cell polarity and asymmetry in various organisms. | [] |
Is delayed enhancement documented in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy? | ['Myocardial fibrosis was present in 30% of patients, the majority of which was mid-myocardial (63%). ', ' DCM patients frequently have myocardial fibrosis detected on CE-CMR, the majority of which is mid-myocardial.', 'Fifty (40%) patients showed myocardial DE, representing 12±7% of LV mass.', 'one case was dilated ca... | ['Delayed enhancement is documented in almost 30% of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and its pattern is characterized by mid-wall, patchy or diffuse location.'] | ['yes'] |
Does PU.1 (SPI1) affect NF-kB binding? | ['Recent data demonstrate that developmental transcription factors like the macrophage fate-determining Pu.1 set the stage for the activity of ubiquitous transcription factors activated by inflammatory stimuli, like NF-kB, AP-1, and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs).', 'Within 1217 bp of upstream sequence, 3 sites f... | ['Recent data demonstrate that developmental transcription factors like the macrophage fate-determining Pu.1 set the stage for the activity of ubiquitous transcription factors activated by inflammatory stimuli, like NF-kB, AP-1, and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). Within 1217 bp of upstream sequence, 3 sites for ... | ['yes'] |
What is known about the role of mHealth in the prevention of disease? | ['mHealth approaches to child obesity prevention', 'Daily text messaging for weight control among racial and ethnic minority women', 'text messaging intervention for weight loss among predominantly black women. ', 'Given the increasing penetration of mobile devices, text messaging may be a useful self-monitoring tool f... | ['Most reported uses of mHealth are for treatment, we identified report on approaches to child obesity prevention.'] | [] |
Which is the most well-accepted method for Down syndrome non-invasive prenatal diagnosis? | ['Potential of syncytiotrophoblasts isolated from the cervical mucus for early non-invasive prenatal diagnosis', 'Maternal serum protein profile and immune response protein subunits as markers for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21, 18, and 13', 'Maternal serum protein profiling using proteomics may allow no... | ['Currently, two applications for NIPD of Down syndrome have been developed with potential and have displayed positive results; the NIPD using next-generation sequencing technologies and the NIPD using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). This study exa... | [] |
Does Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have anti-inflammatory activity? | [' have previously reported that apolipoprotein E (apoE), a protein component of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high-density lipoproteins and a potent plasma-borne atheroprotective factor, exerts anti-inflammatory activity in macrophages by switching the activation profile from M1 ("classic") to M2 ("alternat... | ['Yes. ApoE has anti-inflammatory activity'] | ['yes'] |
List fluorescent reporter proteins. | ['Fluorescent Timer, or DsRed1-E5, is a mutant of the red fluorescent protein, dsRed, in which fluorescence shifts over time from green to red as the protein matures.', 'green fluorescent protein (Gfp)', 'Characterization of flavin-based fluorescent proteins: an emerging class of fluorescent reporters.', 'Flavin-based ... | ['Fluorescent and luminescent reporter genes have become popular tools for the real-time monitoring of gene expression in living cells:\ngreen fluorescent protein\nTimer\nred fluorescent protein\nyellow fluorescent protein\nbeta-phycoerythrin\ncoral fluorescent reporter protein\nenhanced green fluorescent reporter prot... | ['green fluorescent protein', 'Gfp', 'Timer', 'DsRed1-E5', 'red fluorescent protein', 'dsRed', 'yellow fluorescent protein', 'beta-phycoerythrin', 'coral fluorescent reporter protein', 'enhanced green fluorescent reporter protein', 'mCherry'] |
Which hormone receptor function is altered in patients with Donohue syndrome? | ['This disease is caused by a defective insulin receptor and features abnormal glucose metabolism and retarded intrauterine and postnatal growth.', 'Biallelic insulin receptor (INSR) gene mutations cause congenital syndromes of severe insulin resistance (SIR) known as Donohue syndrome (DS) and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrom... | ['Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism) is a rare, recessively inherited disorder of extreme insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor gene causing either defects in insulin binding or receptor autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity. This syndrome is characterized by excessive hyperglycemia with ... | ['insulin receptor'] |
Which mutated enzyme is responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism? | ['An overview of oculocutaneous albinism: TYR gene mutations in five Colombian individuals', 'To date, 230 mutations in the TYR gene have been reported as responsible for oculocutaneus albinism type 1 worldwide. TYR gene encodes the enzyme tyrosinase involved in the metabolic pathway of melanin synthesis.', 'Mutations ... | ['Mutations in the gene for tyrosinase (TYR), the key enzyme in melanin synthesis, are responsible for oculocutaneous 1 (OCA1)-type albinism.'] | ['tyrosinase', 'TYR'] |
Is airplane stroke syndrome a common disease. | ['Only 37 cases of stroke during or soon after long-haul flights have been published to our knowledge. ', 'Our centre admitted 5727 stroke patients, of whom 42 (0.73%) had flight-related strokes.', 'The authors report three cases of ischemic stroke in young adults that occurred during or after an airplane flight.'] | ['No. Only 37 cases of stroke during or soon after long-haul flights have been published. A single center study reported that 42 out of 5727 stroke admissions (0.73%) were flight-related strokes.'] | ['no'] |
Have thyronamines effects on fat tissue? | ['In conclusion, trace amines and thyronamines are negative inotropic agents.', 'Their in vivo administration induces effects opposite to those induced by thyroid hormone, including lowering of body temperature.'] | ['There is not clear evidence that thyronamines have direct effect on adipose tissue'] | ['no'] |
What is the mode of inheritance of Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)? | ['autosomal dominant FSHD1', 'Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a neuromuscular disease, characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, facial involvement, and selectivity and asymmetry of muscle involvement.', 'Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder character... | ['Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.'] | ['autosomal dominant'] |
Which tool is available for predicting regulatory interactions from ChIP-seq data? | ['CisMapper: predicting regulatory interactions from transcription factor ChIP-seq data', "We present CisMapper, which predicts the regulatory targets of a TF using the correlation between a histone mark at the TF's bound sites and the expression of each gene across a panel of tissues.", 'Using both chromatin conformat... | ["CisMapper predicts the regulatory targets of a TF using the correlation between a histone mark at the TF's bound sites and the expression of each gene across a panel of tissues. CisMapper is more accurate at predicting the target genes of a TF than the distance-based approaches currently used, and is particularly adv... | ['CisMapper'] |
What does the SAGA complex acronym stands for? | ['SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 Acetyltransferase)', 'SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase)', 'Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) ', 'Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex is a transcription coactivator ', 'the yeast transcriptional coactivator Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA)'] | ['SAGA stands for Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA)'] | ['Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase'] |
Is there any involvement of L1 retrotransposition in the Rett syndrome? | ['Using neuronal progenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and human tissues, we revealed that patients with Rett syndrome (RTT), carrying MeCP2 mutations, have increased susceptibility for L1 retrotransposition. Our data demonstrate that L1 retrotransposition can be controlled in a tissue-spec... | ['Yes. Recent studies indicate that long interspersed nuclear element-1 (L1) are mobilized in the genome of human neural progenitor cells and enhanced in Rett syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia.'] | ['yes'] |
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