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Near-infrared collisional radiative model for Xe plasma electrostatic thrusters: the role of metastable atoms | High-Speed Image Analysis and Filtered Imaging of Nested Hall Thruster Oscillations | Mounting evidence against the role of ICC in neurotransmission to smooth muscle in the gut | eng_Latn | 10,000 |
Transitions between shifted Landau states and photoionization of the hydrogen atom moving in a strong magnetic field | Cold and Ultracold Rydberg Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields | Transcriptional activation of HIF-1 by a ROS-ERK axis underlies the resistance to photodynamic therapy | eng_Latn | 10,001 |
Radiation, radiation detection and radiation protection are topics in physics and its applications which generate a wide interest in the public. This interest is either generated through medical procedures, applications of nuclear energy or nuclear accidents. The technical nature of these topics usually means that they... | In this work, we explored the possibility of using Cs2AgBiBr6, a double perovskite crystal, for radiation detection. Cs2AgBiBr6 crystals were grown using the solution growth technique. The resistivity of the as-grown Cs2AgBiBr6 crystal is larger than 1010 Ω cm, which is high enough to ensure low leakage current for fab... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,002 |
Whenever free electrons collide with atoms and molecules, a wide variety of kinetic processes may take place. Electron collision cross-sections, of interest in plasma processing of VLSI production, carbonization of surfaces and so on, modeling of gas lasers, physics of gaseous dielectrics, analysis of high current disc... | R-matrix calculations are performed for electron collision with CH4 at energies between 0.02 and 15 eV using a series of different ab initio models for both the target and the full scattering system. A target model similar to the standard multi-reference configuration interaction used in electronic structure calculatio... | This new book edited by R Janev covers in 16 chapters almost all important atomic and molecular collision processes of relevance for the modelling and diagnostics of fusion edge plasmas. These processes include excitation, ionization of atoms and molecules by electrons, as well as electron - ion recombination processes... | eng_Latn | 10,003 |
Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce 3+ (CLYC) scintillator has gained recent interest because of its ability to perform simultaneous gamma spectroscopy and thermal neutron detection. Discrimination between the two incident particle types owes to the fundamentally unique emission waveforms, a consequence of the interaction and subsequent ... | The design and configuration of a multi-layered imaging system with the ability to detect thermal neutrons, fast neutrons and gamma rays has been developed and its efficacy demonstrated. The work presented here numerically determines the systems efficiency and spatial resolution, using 252Cf and 137Cs as a case study. ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,004 |
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project at SLAC uses a dense 15 GeV electron beam passing through a long undulator to generate extremely bright x-rays at 1.5 angstroms. The project requires electron bunches with a nominal peak current of 3.5 kA and bunch lengths of 0.020 mm (70 fs). The RF stability required by ... | The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project at SLAC uses a dense 15 GeV electron beam passing through a long undulator to generate extremely bright x-rays at 1.5 angstroms. The project requires electron bunches with a nominal peak current of 3.5kA and bunch lengths of 0.020mm (70fs). The bunch compression techniques... | The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) project at SLAC uses a dense 15 GeV electron beam passing through a long undulator to generate extremely bright x-rays at 1.5 angstroms. The project requires electron bunches with a nominal peak current of 3.5kA and bunch lengths of 0.020mm (70fs). The bunch compression techniques... | eng_Latn | 10,005 |
After a two years evaluation and assessment period of the CYClotron of LOuvain la NEuve (CYCLONE) usability for heavy ion SEE testing, the European Space Agency has now initiated the set-up of a permanent beam line dedicated for SEE testing. This paper describes the CYCLONE accelerator, the beam line used so far, prese... | This paper presents experimental results putting in evidence the potential weaknesses of a state-of-the-art fault tolerance strategy, the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR), when implemented in SRAM-based FPGAs. HW/SW fault injection campaigns and accelerated radiation ground tests were performed to quantify the number of... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,006 |
The angle- and energy-resolved Larmor radiation from atomic ionization in the focus of ultra-intense laser field is calculated using a semi-classical, trajectory ensemble model of ionization. We find that including the quantum nature of the atomic ionization decreases the radiation yield by an order of magnitude compar... | The interaction of high-intensity and ultrashort lasers with matter produces high energy particles and photons. Recent experiments include the generation of high quality GeV electron (Kneip et al., 2009; Leemans et al., 2006) and multi-MeV proton (Clark et al., 2000; Snavely et al., 2000) beams in laser plasma interact... | We report nearly complete preservation of “spin memory” between optical absorption and photoluminescence under excitation >0.2 eV above the band gap in nanometer GaSe slabs. | eng_Latn | 10,007 |
Nomenclature s a = radius, m t A =area, m tD B = magnetic induction, = nH\ Wb/m = 1 Tesla T( c = speed of light, 3 x 10 m/s T, C = capacitance, F T d = thickness, spacing; m v e = electron charge, 1.6x 10" C E electric field, V/m 8 = electron energy, eV 87 = electron normal energy, eV 80 =m0c/e rest mass, 5.11 x 10 eV ... | Time-domain techniques were employed to capture the EMI emission in laboratory simulated spacecraft on-orbit electrostatic discharges. The test setup included custom-built four-channel data acquisition instrumentation anchored by a 15-GHz digital oscilloscope, and a dedicated fiberglass vacuum chamber inside a semi-ane... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,008 |
Scientific CCDs designed in thick high resistivity silicon (Si) are excellent detectors for astronomy, high energy and nuclear physics, and instrumentation. Many applications can benefit from CCDs ultra low noise readout systems. The present work shows how sub electron noise CCD images can be achieved using digital sig... | DECam is a 520 Mpix, 3 square-deg FOV imager being built for the Blanco 4m Telescope at CTIO. This facility instrument will be used for the 'Dark Energy Survey' of the southern galactic cap. DECam has chosen 250 ?m thick CCDs, developed at LBNL, with good QE in the near IR for the focal plane. In this work we present t... | Perfect Quantum Cloning Machines (QCM) would allow to use quantum nonlocality for arbitrary fast signaling. However perfect QCM cannot exist. We derive a bound on the fidelity of QCM compatible with the no-signaling constraint. This bound equals the fidelity of the Bu\v{z}ek-Hillery QCM. | eng_Latn | 10,009 |
Recent advances in the detection and the routine measurements of heavy elements by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) are reviewed. Particular emphasis will be given to the measurement of low energy (⩽ 15 MeV) and high-Z ions using small (⩽ 3 MV) accelerators. | The suppression of interferences from atomic and molecular isobars is a key requirement for the extension of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to the analysis of new cosmogenic isotopes and for increasing the range of applications for small AMS systems. In earlier work, it was shown that unwanted isobars can be elimi... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,010 |
The highest precision in direct mass measurements is obtained with Penning trap mass spectrometry. Most experiments use the interconversion of the magnetron and cyclotron motional modes of the stored ion due to excitation by external radiofrequency-quadrupole fields. In this work a new excitation scheme, Ramsey’s metho... | The progress within atomic and nuclear physics relies on refining and adding new observables. One of these is the polarization of the nuclear spin, where there is a manifest interest in accessing a wide variety of polarized beams, e.g. at energies suitable for Coulomb excitation and transfer experiments. In particular,... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,011 |
The electron and gas temperature of non-equilibrium argon plasma torch sustained by a focused 24 GHz microwave beam in the external atmosphere of air was measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The excitation temperature of argon atoms was found about 5000 K, while the vibrational and rotational temperatures of ambi... | Quantities of Spectroscopy.- Spectroscopic Instruments.- Detectors.- Calibration.- Radiative Processes in Plasmas.- Collisional Processes.- Kinetics of the Population of Atomic Levels in Plasmas.- Line Broadening.- Diagnostic Applications. | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,012 |
Gabor x-ray holograms of biological specimens and of test objects that display ≤56–nm resolution are presented. This spatial resolution is more than an order of magnitude smaller than what has been achieved previously in x-ray holography. The holograms were recorded on photoresist using 2.57-nm soft x rays from the X–1... | Photodiodes with x‐ray sensitive photocathodes are commonly used as broadband x‐ray detectors in fusion plasma diagnostics. We have measured the photocathode quantum efficiency between 1–500 A of common photocathode materials including aluminum, copper, nickel, gold, three forms of carbon, chromium, and cesium iodide. ... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 10,013 |
In the present work, we exhibited the experimental results of the direct current glow discharge electron gun source (DCEG) and their consecutive developments as electron beam energy lower than 5 keV and high intensity beams of tens microamperes to be used in some applications. A new type of direct current glow discharg... | Preface. 1 Low-Pressure Discharges for Plasma Electron Sources. 1.1 Hollow-Cathode Discharge. 1.2 Discharges in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields. 1.3 Arc Discharges. 1.3.1 Vacuum-Arc Discharge. 1.3.2 Constricted Low-Pressure Arc Discharge. References. 2 Electron Emission from Plasma. 2.1 General Features of Electro... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,014 |
The role of ion acoustic turbulence in the formation of high-energy ion tails in the plume of a 100-A LaB6 hollow cathode is experimentally and theoretically examined. At fixed flow rate and varying discharge current, single-point measurements of fluctuation intensity in the cathode plume are taken and compared to ion ... | Several researchers have measured ions leaving ion thruster discharge chambers with energies far greater than measured discharge chamber potentials. Presented in this paper is a new mechanism for the generation of high energy ions and a comparison with measured ion spectra. The source of high energy ions has been a puz... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,015 |
Laser-driven d(d, n)-3He beam-target fusion neutron production from bulk deuterated plastic (CD) targets is compared with a pitcher-catcher target scheme using an identical laser and detector arrangement. For laser intensities in the range of (1–3) × 1019 W cm−2, it was found that the bulk targets produced a high yield... | Laser-plasma interactions in the novel regime of relativistically induced transparency (RIT) have been harnessed to generate intense ion beams efficiently with average energies exceeding 10 MeV/nucleon (>100 MeV for protons) at "table-top" scales in experiments at the LANL Trident Laser. By further optimization of the ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,016 |
The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is used for detecting TeV gamma rays. HAWC is operating at 4,100 meters above level sea on the slope of the Sierra Negra Volcano in the State of Puebla, Mexico, and consists of an array of 300 water Cherenkov detectors (WCDs) covering an area of 22,000 $m^2$. Each WC... | The Auger Observatory water Cherenkov detectors (WCD) will require that the initial calibration and subsequent monitoring of each of the WCDs be done in a remote way. We present a method to perform these tasks based on the detection of muons decaying inside the detectors and the application of adequate selection cuts. ... | It is proved, by using topological properties, that when a group automorphism of a locally compact totally disconnected group is ergodic under the Haar measure, the group is compact. The result is an answer for Halmos's question that has remained open for the totally disconnected case. | eng_Latn | 10,017 |
We review the time structure of synchrotron radiation and its use for fast time-resolved diffraction experiments in macromolecular photocycles using flash photolysis to initiate the reaction. The source parameters and optics for ID09 at ESRF are presented together with the phase-locked chopper and femtosecond laser. Th... | A novel subpicosecond x-ray streak camera (called PX1) was developed by the INRS group for subpicosecond time resolved spectroscopy in x rays and X-UV range. Using the PX1 camera, we have measured keV x-ray pulses with a 950 fs FWHM and a 850 fs rise time. The camera has also been coupled to ultrafast photoconductive s... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,018 |
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is presently designing and building the 2.5 MeV injector for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). The design includes various beam intercepting devices such as beam stops and slits. The target power densities can be as high as 500 kW/cm/sup 2/ with a beam stopping range ... | One of the goals of the PXIE at Fermilab is to demonstrate the capability to form an arbitrary bunch pattern from an initially CW 162.5 MHz Hbunch train coming out of an RFQ. The bunch-by-bunch selection will take place in the 2.1 MeV Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) by directing the undesired bunches onto an absorb... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,019 |
In confining this review to non-L.T.E. plasmas, it will be clear that the main emphasis, of relevance to beam-foil spectroscopy, is on separation of ion stages and line identification. Only rarely can lifetimes be determined. The majority of line classifications for highly-charged ions, carried out over the last forty ... | The interaction of ionising radiation with atoms and ions is a key fundamental process. This report concentrates on studies of photoexcitation/photoionisation using laser-produced plasmas as continuum sources and synchronised laser plasma plumes to provide the absorbing atom or ion species. Examples from studies of the... | ●The conditions are officially justified not as punishment for prisoners but as an administrative measure. Prisoners are placed in control units in administrative moves and since there are no rules governing such moves (in contrast to punitive moves), prisoners are denied any due process and prison officials can incarc... | eng_Latn | 10,020 |
The accurate response of a cylindrical NaI(Tl) detector for gamma rays up to 6.13 MeV has been calculated using a Monte Carlo method. The effects of the detector housing and scintillation efficiency of a NaI(Tl) crystal have been investigated. With consideration of these effects, the calculated results of energy spectr... | The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the photon detection efficiency and energy resolution curves for a 1.5 00 � 100 NaI(Tl) scintillator detector (crystal þ housing þ photomultiplier tube material equivalent) exposed to gamma rays in the energy range from 20 keV to 662 keV. This work aims to design a precise c... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,021 |
The present paper reviews fundamentals of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of plasmas and, in particular, its applications to processing plasmas. Collisional radiative model is described to understand the excitation kinetics and population distributions of excited states in order to examine the electron temperature ... | The vibrational and rotational temperatures in a spark-discharge plasma were measured using optical emission spectroscopy, and the influence of the air flow velocity and ambient pressure on these t... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,022 |
The Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Beam Physics Laboratory, Niowave, Inc., and The Boeing Company have completed construction of a superconducting 500 MHz quarter-wave gun and photocathode drive laser system. This prototype gun went from conception to initial operation in just under one calendar year. Such rapid progr... | The Helium processing technique has been used at CERN to improve the performance of the accelerating RF cavities with respect to field emission. It was extensively used in the vertical bare cavity tests to improve the superconducting cavities for the LEP Project. However this technique was rarely used on fully equipped... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 10,023 |
Delbruck scattering involves the scattering of photons off the Coulomb field of atoms via the creation of virtual electron-positron pairs from the vacuum. The complexity of the cross section is such that calculations in the 1980’s took over one solar year to perform. The next generation of high flux γray sources from l... | A high-contrast high-intensity petawatt-class Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplification laser has been developed for research on high field science. A saturable absorber and a low-gain optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification preamplifier in the front-end have improved the temporal contrast in the system to ∼ ::: $... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,024 |
Forescatter electron imaging is a popular microscopy technique, especially for scanning electron microscopes equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction detector. In principal, this method enables qualitative imaging of microstructure but quantitative assessment can be limited due to limited information about the... | Electron Optics of a Scanning Electron Microscope.- Electron Scattering and Diffusion.- Emission of Backscattered and Secondary Electrons.- Electron Detectors and Spectrometers.- Image Contrast and Signal Processing.- Electron-Beam-Induced Current and Cathodoluminescence.- Special Techniques in SEM.- Crystal Structure ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,025 |
An activation detector has been developed for measuring the output of pulsed neutron generators. This detector utilizes the 75As(n, n′)75mAs reaction and detection of the 0.3 MeV gamma rays from 75 m As (τ 1 2 =17 ms ) by a plastic scintillator. The efficiency in counts per incident neutron is about 0.25% at 2.5 MeV an... | A new, accurate, neutron activation detection scheme for measuring pulsed neutrons has been designed and ::: tested. The detection system is accurate and sensitive to neutrons with energies above 10 MeV; ::: importantly, it is insensitive to gamma radiation and to lower-energy (e.g., fission and thermal) neutrons. It :... | A new, accurate, neutron activation detection scheme for measuring pulsed neutrons has been designed and ::: tested. The detection system is accurate and sensitive to neutrons with energies above 10 MeV; ::: importantly, it is insensitive to gamma radiation and to lower-energy (e.g., fission and thermal) neutrons. It :... | eng_Latn | 10,026 |
Fluxes of energetic ions with energies exceeding 100 keV were observed upstream of the bow shock of comet Halley by the Tunde instrument which was on board the VEGA 1 spacecraft. Downstream of the shock, ion fluxes in the energy range 100 to 800 keV were observed. Cometary ions, such as O+, newly picked up by the solar... | A quasi-linear diffusion model including both pitch angle and energy diffusion, adiabatic compression and convective motion with the solar wind flow has been used to investigate the cometary ion pickup process along the Sun-comet line at comet Halley. The total pickup ion densities and magnetic turbulence spectrum leve... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,027 |
A semiconductor Compton camera for a balloon borne experiment aiming at observation in high energy astrophysics ::: is developed. The camera is based on the concept of the Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton Camera, ::: which features high-energy and high-angular resolution in the energy range from several tens of keV to a f... | The development of focusing optics based on wide band Laue lenses operating from ∼60 keV up to several hundreds of keV is particularly challenging. This type of hard X-ray or gamma ray optics requires a high performance focal plane detector in order to exploit to the best its intrinsic capabilities. We describe a three... | This paper describes a CCD (charge coupled device) camera‐based hyperspectral imaging system designed for both stationary and airborne remote sensing applications. The system consists of a high performance digital CCD camera, an imaging spectrograph, an optional focal plane scanner, and a PC computer equipped with a fr... | eng_Latn | 10,028 |
In the 100 MeV H Linac to be constructed at Fermilab, the use of fast ferrite high power phase shifters will allow all of the accelerating RF cavities to be driven by a single 2.5 MW, 325 MHz klystron. This results in substantial cost savings. The shifters are coaxial with aluminum doped Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) fer... | One of the approaches to power distribution system of a superconducting proton linac that is under discussion at Fermilab requires development of a fast-action, megawatt-range phase shifter. Using two phase shifters with a waveguide hybrid junction can allow independent control of phase and amplitude of RF power at the... | One of the approaches to power distribution system of a superconducting proton linac that is under discussion at Fermilab requires development of a fast-action, megawatt-range phase shifter. Using two phase shifters with a waveguide hybrid junction can allow independent control of phase and amplitude of RF power at the... | eng_Latn | 10,029 |
Single crystals of GaAs containing Ga{111}, As{111}, and {110} faces decomposed at rates between 4×10−2 and 1×10−3 times the free evaporation rates were examined microscopically. At these high values, the decomposition rate is observed to be orientation dependent in the order As{111}>Ga{111}, as previously reported. Th... | Experiments were performed to evaluate production of 72Se, parent radionuclide of the positron emitter 72As, at high energy at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (BLIP). Excitation functions for 75As(p, xn)72/75Se in the 52-105 MeV energy range were measured by irradiating thin gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafers. Maximu... | Blunt trauma abdomen rarely leads to gastrointestinal injury in children and isolated gastric rupture is even rarer presentation. We are reporting a case of isolated gastric rupture after fall from height in a three year old male child. | eng_Latn | 10,030 |
For injection of beams into circular machines with different horizontal and vertical emittance acceptance, the injection efficiency can be increased if these beams are flat, i.e. if they feature unequal transverse emittances. Generation of flat electron beams is well known and has been demonstrated already in beam expe... | In 1926, H. Busch formulated a theorem for one single charged particle moving along a region with a longitudinal magnetic field [H. Busch, Berechnung der Bahn von Kathodenstrahlen in axial symmetrischen electromagnetischen Felde, Z. Phys. 81 (5) p. 974, (1926)]. The theorem relates particle angular momentum to the amou... | Many methods exist to invert airborne imagery from units of either radiance or sensor specific digital counts to units of reflectance. These compensation algorithms remove unwanted atmospheric variability allowing objects on the ground to be analyzed. Low error levels in homogenous atmospheric conditions have been demo... | eng_Latn | 10,031 |
We investigate the effects of electron cyclotron resonant heating on the kinetic evolution and acceleration of the fast solar wind. A previous study has shown that kinetic wave-particle interactions due to ion resonant heating, may account for the bulk acceleration of the solar wind, the preferential heating of the hel... | this paper. The charge per mass of the ion O 6+ and Fe 9+ are different, a fact which results in different features of the ion-cyclotron resonance with waves. In plasma with protons, drifting alpha particles, and electrons, the dispersion relation of cyclotron waves has two branches. The oxygen ions tend to resonate wi... | Impacts of low energy He+ ions on reflectivity and stability of EUV multilayers is investigated in this work. Combination of X-ray reflectivity, grazing incidence EUV reflectivity near Silicon edge, and theoretical ion irradiation damage analysis can explain the degradation of ML performances. It is found that MLs irra... | eng_Latn | 10,032 |
It is shown that “zebra-pattern” in solar continuum events (in type IV bursts) can be formed as a result of interference between direct and reflected rays coming from a source of small size in a stratified atmosphere. The emission is generated by plasma mechanism. Full emission flux is contributed from a great number o... | In the literature, discussion continues about the nature of the zebra structure (ZS) in type IV radio bursts, and understanding even the most extended mechanism associated with double plasma resonance has been improved in series of works. Moreover, in the recent work (Ben\'a\v{c}hek, Karlick\'y, Yasnov, 2017) its ineff... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,033 |
The elemental composition on planetary surface provides us an essential information to improve geological and geochemical understanding of planets. An active X-ray spectrometer (AXS) was developed and proposed as one of the mission payloads to perform in-situ X-ray fluorescence analysis. The AXS consists of multiple py... | The phenomenon of pyroelectric electron emission has been employed to develop miniature x-ray sources, such as the Cool-X by Amptek (www.amptek.com/coolx.html). The source strength of a pyroelectric x-ray generator is dependent on the emitted electron energy and current. Similarly, the source strength of a pyroelectric... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,034 |
The design of the SPEAR 3 injection kicker system is presented. This system will include three kicker magnets and their associated pulsers. The magnet design is based on the DELTA kicker magnets, which present a low RF impedance to the beam, and are relatively straightforward to construct. The pulsers use cascaded IGBT... | SPEAR 3 is an upgrade of the 18-cell SPEAR 2 storage ring to 3GeV beam energy, 18nm-radian emittance and up to 500mA circulating current. The existing arrangement of photon beam lines remains largely unchanged, but opportunities arise for additional ID and dipole radiation exit ports. For optimum beam stability, the en... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,035 |
This work assesses the performance of a modified two-dimensional gamma scan system in spent fuel pin studies. The techniques for a two-dimensional gamma scan studied have been developed at the Hot Cell of Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER). Samples are acquired from the spent fuel pin, TPC-SP-C1, which was irr... | Imaging of nuclear fuel using radiation has been carried out for decades for a variety of reasons. Two important reasons are Physical Inventory Verification (PIV) and Quality Assurance (QA). The work covered in this review focuses on the imaging of nuclear fuel using ionising radiation. The fuels investigated are both f... | The Archimedes Wave Swing is a system that converts ocean wave energy into electric energy. A pilot plant of this system has been built. The generator system consists of a permanent-magnet linear synchronous generator with a current source inverter (CSI). The correlation between the measured and the calculated paramete... | eng_Latn | 10,036 |
Spatial and spectral profiles of O VI emission behind a shock wave on the northern edge of the Cygnus Loop were obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. The velocity width of the narrowest O VI profile places a tight constraint on the electron-ion and ion-ion thermal equilibration in this 350 km s-1 co... | A modular unit for erosion control due to wave action is disclosed. The system utilizes a series of symmetrical units linked together to dissipate the kinetic energy of incoming waves. Symmetry of building blocks enables the device to work in any orientation. Energy dissipators on each block allow the wave action to be... | We characterize stability under composition, inversion, and solution of ordinary differential equations for ultradifferentiable classes, and prove that all these stability properties are equivalent. | eng_Latn | 10,037 |
Parametric X-radiation can be described as the diffraction of virtual photons associated with the electric field of a relativistic charged particle passing through a crystal. In analogy with Bragg reflection of X-rays, these diffracted photons appear as real photons, with an energy which satisfies Bragg's law for the r... | We describe our recent experimental study of the production of x rays by an electron beam interacting with a crystal lattice, i.e., parametric x-ray (PX) generation. In this radiation process, the virtual photon field associated with a relativistic electron traveling in a crystal is diffracted by the crystal lattice in... | Bayesian approach remained rather unsuccessful in treating nonparametric problems. This is primarily due to the difficulty in finding workable prior distribution on the parameter space , which in nonparametric problems is taken to be a set of probability distributions on a given sample space. Two Desirable Properties o... | eng_Latn | 10,038 |
We are developing seeded XFEL pulse with HH for coherent XFEL pulse. Using the monitor of temporal overlap with EO sampling technique, seeded pulse was obtained long time against timing drift. | The 13th harmonic of a Ti:sapphire (Ti:S) laser in the plateau region was injected as a seeding source to a 250-MeV free-electron-laser (FEL) amplifier. When the amplification conditions were fulfilled, strong enhancement of the radiation intensity by a factor of 650 was observed. The random and uncontrollable spikes, ... | not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20263 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.31-40 | eng_Latn | 10,039 |
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed high-luminosity collider that would collide electrons with their antiparticles, positrons, at energies ranging from a few hundred Giga-electronvolts (GeV) to a few Tera-electronvolts (TeV). By covering a large energy range and by ultimately reaching multi-TeV $e^+e^-$ co... | Together with the recent CLIC detector model CLICdet a new software suite was introduced for the simulation and reconstruction of events in this detector. This note gives a brief introduction to CLICdet and describes the CLIC experimental conditions at 380 GeV and 3 TeV, including beam-induced backgrounds. The simulati... | Together with the recent CLIC detector model CLICdet a new software suite was introduced for the simulation and reconstruction of events in this detector. This note gives a brief introduction to CLICdet and describes the CLIC experimental conditions at 380 GeV and 3 TeV, including beam-induced backgrounds. The simulati... | eng_Latn | 10,040 |
The main physics programme of the International Linear Collider (ILC) requires a measurement of the beam energy with a relative precision of 10 4 or better. To achieve this goal a spectrometer using high resolution beam position monitors (BPM) and accurately monitored bending magnets has been proposed. A prototype spec... | T-474 at SLAC is a prototype BPM-based energy spectrometer for the ILC. We describe magnetic measurements and simulations for the 4-magnet chicane used in T-474. | T-474 at SLAC is a prototype BPM-based energy spectrometer for the ILC. We describe magnetic measurements and simulations for the 4-magnet chicane used in T-474. | eng_Latn | 10,041 |
[1] Coincident particle and optical measurements from the Reimei spacecraft suggest that sheared flows through an inverted-V arc may be unstable to the emission of Alfven waves. The particle measurements reveal time dispersed field-aligned electron bursts typical of low energy electrons accelerated by inertial Alfven w... | [1] Using a self-consistent drift-kinetic simulation code, we investigate whether electron acceleration owing to shear Alfven waves in the plasma sheet boundary layer is sufficient to cause auroral brightening in the ionosphere. The free parameters used in the simulation code are guided by in situ observations of wave ... | The stationary inertial Alfven (StIA) wave (Knudsen, 1996) was predicted for cold, collisionless plasma. The model was generalized (Finnegan et al., 2008) to include nonzero values of electron and ion collisional resistivity and thermal pressure. Here, the two-fluid model is further generalized to include anisotropic t... | eng_Latn | 10,042 |
A fibreform nanostructured layer is formed on a tungsten surface by helium plasma bombardment. The helium fluence was of the order of 1026 m−2, and the surface temperature and incident ion energy during helium irradiation were, respectively, 1900 K and 75 eV. By irradiating a laser pulse to the surface in the plasma, a... | Characterization of a pulsed plasma formed with a plasma gun device was performed. The averaged electron density was measured with an interferometer system using a Zeeman laser at 633 nm. It was found that the plasma with the density of ~ 1022 m-3 was successfully formed. The temporal evolution of the plasma was observ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,043 |
The high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade is setting a new challenge for particle detector technologies. The increase in luminosity will produce a higher particle background with respect to present conditions. In order to study performance and stability of detectors at LHC and future HL-LHC upgrades, a new dedicated fac... | Operation of large-area muon detectors at the future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be characterized by large sustained hit rates over the whole area, reaching the range of kHz cm −2 . We describe a dedicated test zone built at CERN to test the performance and the aging of the muon chambers currently under developmen... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,044 |
The electron emission yield of materials is an important quantity to be determined in various fields of physics. Among them, dielectric materials have a strong ability to retain charges and remain charged when submitted to electrical field, in particular when irradiated by electron beam. Without the use of specific mea... | Secondary electron emission (SEE) is one of the main parameters controlling spacecraft potential. It also plays an important role in the triggering of the multipactor phenomenon occurring in waveguides (electron avalanche in microwave electric fields). In this paper, we propose an original method adapted to low-energy ... | We construct stationary black holes in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory, which carry angular momentum and electric charge. Possessing non-trivial nonabelian magnetic fields outside their regular event horizon, they represent nonperturbative rotating hairy black holes. | eng_Latn | 10,045 |
A dedicated gas-filled magnet with a deflection angle of 135° has been installed for isobaric suppression in AMS. The optimum bending angle of 135° has been calculated with a Monte Carlo code. Among different gases studied, nitrogen showed the best compromise between multiple scattering and charge changing cross sectio... | The detection of (41)Ca atoms in tooth enamel using accelerator mass spectrometry is suggested as a method capable of reconstructing thermal neutron exposures from atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In general, (41)Ca atoms are produced via thermal neutron capture by stable (40)Ca. Thus any (41)Ca atoms p... | Solid-state properties such as strain or chemical composition often leave characteristic fingerprints in the angular dependence of electron scattering. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is dedicated to probe scattered intensity with atomic resolution, but it drastically lacks angular resolution. Here we ... | eng_Latn | 10,046 |
Electronic personal dosimeters (EPD) based on solid state detectors have been used for personnel monitoring for radiation protection purpose; their use has been extended to practices with pulsed radiation beams although their performance is not well known. Deficiencies in the EPD response in pulsed radiation fields hav... | Electronic personal dosimeters (EPDs) based on solid state detectors have widely been used but some deficiencies in their response in pulsed radiation beams have been reported. Nowadays, there is not an international standard for pulsed x-ray beams for calibration or type testing of dosimeters. Irradiation conditions f... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 10,047 |
The RPA-Copernic plasma experiment for the Giotto mission consists of two sensors, the RPA1-EESA spectrometer and the RPA2-PICCA electrostatic mass analyser. RPA1-EESA measures the three-dimensional distributions of electrons between 10 eV and 30 keV. These electron measurements should contribute to the definition of t... | A low-energy ion spectrometer (LEIS) for use aboard three-axis stabilized spacecraft has been developed to measure ion energy per charge distribution in three-dimensional space with good energy-, angular- and temporal-resolutions. For the standard top-hat electrostatic analyzer used widely in space plasma detection, th... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,048 |
The vacuum system for a proposed 2.5 GeV, 10/spl mu/A re-circulating linac synchrotron light source is readily achievable with conventional vacuum hardware and established fabrication processes. Some of the difficult technical challenges associated with synchrotron light source storage rings are sidestepped by the rela... | We present an overview of collective effects in a proposed ultrafast X-ray facility, based on a recirculating linac. The facility requires a small vertical emittance of 0.4 mm-mrad and is designed to operate with a "flat bunch" with a large emittance ratio. Emittance control from the electron source at the RF photocath... | A promising way of addressing the issue of growing water scarcity is through wider use of drip irrigation, which delivers water and fertilizer to crops in a slow, targeted manner, and has been shown to increase yields and water use efficiency. Yet, drip irrigation system adoption is low, primarily due to the high capit... | eng_Latn | 10,049 |
We describe a conceptual proposal to combine the Dielectric Wakefield Accelerator (DWA) with the Emittance Exchanger (EEX) to demonstrate a high-brightness DWA with a gradient of above 100 MV/m and less than 0.1% induced energy spread in the accelerated beam. We currently evaluate the DWA concept as a performance upgra... | A multi-meter long collinear dielectric wakefield accelerator is considered, and it is shown that a single bunch breakup instability is a major limiting factor for obtaining highly efficient energy transfer from the drive bunch to the main bunch. Different methods for instability suppression are studied. Numerical simu... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,050 |
A new class of two-phase electron emission detectors has been introduced in experimental practice recently. The detectors employ effect of effective extraction of excess electrons from some condensed nonpolar dielectrics into equilibrium gas phase under influence of external electric field. This approach allows combina... | Coherent scattering is a flavor-blind, high-rate, as yet undetected neutrino interaction predicted by the Standard Model. We propose to use a compact (kg-scale), two-phase (liquid-gas) argon ionization detector to measure coherent neutrino scattering off nuclei. In our approach, neutrino-induced nuclear recoils in the ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,051 |
Center-of-mass best values for the normalized Legendre coefficients and the 0° differential cross sections as functions of input energy have been derived from various experimental results for the reactions 7 Li( p , n ) 7 Be and 7 Li (p,n) 7 Be ∗ (431 keV). This information has been used to calculate laboratory differe... | Applications such as the Active Interrogation of shielded nuclear material that require the detection of specific gamma and neutron signatures in a high mixed radiation field background, require detector materials and device fabrications that are not highly susceptible to neutron or photon activation. This paper presen... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,052 |
An energetic auroral proton entering the atmosphere will, by charge exchange in collisions with atmospheric constituents, alternate between being a proton H + and a neutral hydrogen atom H. This study provides a procedure to evaluate the auroral Doppler shifted and broadened hydrogen Balmer profile as a function of ini... | We present for the first time a numerical ki- netic/fluid code for the ionosphere coupling proton and elec- tron effects. It solves the fluid transport equations up to the eighth moment, and the kinetic equations for suprathermal particles. Its new feature is that for the latter, both elec- trons and protons are taken ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,053 |
Highly homogeneous discharges have been obtained in pure Ar gas at high pressures of 10 - 20 atm by using a discharge device in which the surface discharge plasma from a dielectric surface is used as a preionizer and an electrode, the plasma electrode, aiming at an Ar 2 * excimer laser. The plasma electrode consists of... | The excimer laser potential of Ar supersonic jets excited by an intense pulsed discharge is studied. Excimer emission is recorded during and after the 100 ns discharge. The time-resolved emission is recorded as a function of plenum gas pressure and distance from the nozzle. A simple mechanism is proposed to account for... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 10,054 |
Magnetoresistance in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas contained in a GaAs quantum well on a cylindrical surface exposed to microwave radiation has been measured. The responses to microwave radiation in the magnetotransport of two-dimensional electron gas are shown to be different on planar and cylindrical s... | Sign-alternating magnetic field is of great interest both in terms of magnetotransport of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and microwave response of two-dimensional electron gas. Reasons of such interest are emergence of new trajectories of electron motion and changing the energy spectrum of 2DEG. Magnetic field dep... | A three-oxide sodium borosilicate glass was irradiated with 2.3 MeV electrons up to 0.15 GGy and 4.6 GGy, and subsequently with 96 MeV Xe ions. The irradiated samples were characterised using Raman spectroscopy, ToF-SIMS, microhardness and surface profilometry. Electron irradiation of the pristine glasses resulted in d... | eng_Latn | 10,055 |
Some medical compact cyclotrons have self-shielding to reduce neutron fluxes. Thermal neutron fluxes in an 18-MeV unshielded cyclotron room and in a 16.5-MeV self-shielded cyclotron room were evaluated. In addition, the radioactivities in concrete and metals due to thermal neutrons in the cyclotron rooms for 30 years w... | A self-shielded medical cyclotron (11 MeV) was commissioned at our center, to produce positron emitters, namely, 18 F, 15 O, 13 N and 11 C for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Presently the cyclotron has been exclusively used for the production of 18 F - for 18 F-FDG imaging. The operational parameters which... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,056 |
Samples of dielectric materials have been irradiated with low- (1 to 25 keV) and mid-energy (25 to 100 keV) electrons. Charging and discharging characteristics for samples of OSR, mylar, Kapton, perforated Kapton and Alphaquartz are discussed. Results of tests conducted with monoenergetic midenergy electrons indicate t... | Charge buildup, storage, and decay in 25‐μm polyfluoroethylenepropylene (Teflon type A) foils due to irradiation with partially penetrating monoenergetic electron beams in the 10–50‐keV range are investigated. Currents from the irradiated front surface and the nonirradiated rear surface are measured separately by means... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,057 |
The first measurements of absolute Total Electron Content (TEC) and L-band amplitude and phase scintillation was made from Thule, Greenland, a polar cap station, in early 1984. These measurements were made using signals transmitted from the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. The variability of the TEC, especia... | Sun-aligned (SA) arcs are a prevalent feature of the polar cap ionosphere during northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. These arcs are, like the auroral arc, a complex electrodynamic system coupling the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The electron precipitation and convection electric field associated with t... | 1. After traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), histological and neurological consequences are developing for several days and even weeks. However, little is known about the dynamics of changes in spinal axonal conductivity. The aim of this study was to record and compare repeated spinal cord evoked potentials (SCEP) afte... | eng_Latn | 10,058 |
Imaging processes built on the Compton scattering effect have been under continuing investigation since it was first suggested in the 50s. However, despite many innovative contributions, there are still formidable theoretical and technical challenges to overcome. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art principles... | Compton scattering is widely used to analyse electron momentum distributions in solid state systems. Perhaps less well-known is its role as the major cause of image contrast in medical and industrial radiography. This article discusses the principles and applications of a technique, known as Compton scatter imaging (CS... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,059 |
Simple, two-dimensional Vlasov–Poisson descriptions of thermal equilibrium have been applied to both an unbunched ion beam propagating in a continuous linear focusing channel and an unneutralized, single-species plasma confined in a Penning–Malmberg trap geometry. In scaled variables, these two thermal equilibrium syst... | Self-consistent Vlasov-Poisson simulations of beams with high space-charge intensity often require specification of initial phase-space distributions that reflect properties of a beam that is well adapted to the transport channel--both in terms of low-order rms (envelope) properties as well as the higher-order phase-sp... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,060 |
For the CERN Lead Ion Accelerating Facility (achieved within a collaboration of several outside laboratories and with financial help of some member states) a new dedicated Linac has been built. This Linac has been installed in 1994 and served during two extended physics runs. This paper reviews the main characteristics... | High accelerating gradients are very interesting for future machines, and, in particular, for high-current heavy-ion linac projects like the “Inertial Fusion Driver”. In order to explore the maximum field achievable in an Interdigital-H type structure (IH), an experiment has been carried out at CERN with the Lead Ion L... | June of 1993 marked the installation of Titan Beta’s first commercially designed LINAC for the exclusive use of the sterilization of new medical products at its contract sterilization facility located in Denver, Colorado. This system, a 10 MeV, 10 kW RF Linac has been operating successfully, since that time, at its pla... | eng_Latn | 10,061 |
The High Current Experiment (HCX) is being built to explore heavy-ion beam transport at a scale appropriate to the low-energy end of a driver for fusion energy production. The primary mission of this experiment is to investigate aperture fill factors acceptable for the transport of space-charge dominated heavy-ion beam... | The Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is building a High Current Experiment (HCX) to explore the transport of a heavy-ion beam at a scale appropriate to the low-energy end of a driver for heavy ion fusion. The HCX is presently being designed and assembled in multiple stages at the Lawrence Berkeley National ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,062 |
Laboratory measurements of the interaction of low-energy, bare, and hydrogen-like ions with neutral gases are presented. The measurements demonstrate that charge-exchange-induced cometary K-shell X-ray spectra represent rich spectral diagnostics for determining the speed of the solar wind and the collision dynamics wit... | In the interaction of fast ions with dense matter, the collision frequency is high enough to facilitate the simultaneous excitation of several electrons. Such multiply-excited few-electron systems have been exploited variously for plasma diagnostics. Beam-foil spectroscopic techniques, benefiting from the inherent time... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 10,063 |
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (formerly known as CEBAF) has embarked on the construction of a 1 kW free-electron laser operating initially at 5 microns that is designed for laser-material interaction experiments and to explore the feasibility of scaling the system in power for Navy defense and indu... | We have built a high-DC-voltage photoemission gun and a diagnostic beamline permitting us to measure rms transverse emittance (/spl epsi//spl tilde//sub x/) and rms momentum spread (/spl delta/) of short-duration electron pulses produced by illuminating the cathode with light from a mode-locked, frequency-doubled Nd:YL... | Single-mode operation at 4.4 THz is obtained from distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers with complex-coupling metallic gratings. The emission shows a stable side-mode suppression of more than 20 dB at all injection currents and operating temperatures | eng_Latn | 10,064 |
AC Magnetic Guide for Cold Atoms in an Ioffe Tube | We propose a novel ac magnetic waveguide for cold neutral atoms in an Ioffe tube. The time-averaged magnetic potential and force for the guided atoms in the magnetic guiding tube are calculated, and the results show that it is high enough to collect and guide nearly all of cold atoms from a standard magneto-optical tra... | It is shown that the temperature gradients caused by the heating of an angularly accelerated gas due to compression and the converse cooling of the decelerated gas have appreciable effects on isotope separation factors as determined by centrifugation. These effects were found to be greater than would be indicated by th... | kor_Hang | 10,065 |
Measurement of the dead time of XRF detection systems using a pulsed beam | A method of measuring the dead time of nuclear detectors using a pulsed beam is described. The application of the method to detectors used in an electron microprobe device is reported and results obtained in this way are presented. The method seems to be suitable for measuring the dead time of any nuclear x-ray countin... | A new approach was proposed for the DOA joint estimation of signal,and the algorithms are based on ESPRIT and two or more array data correlation matrix.It estimated simultaneously the DOA of bis/multistatic.The algorithms estimated parameter are auto paired.The CRLB of the DOA stimation was also derived.The simulating ... | eng_Latn | 10,066 |
Measurement of Phosphorus in Metals by RNAA | An RNAA procedure has been developed for measurement of low-level phosphorus in metals. Samples are irradiated at a neutron flux of 2.7·1013 n·cm−2·s−1 then mixed with carrier and dissolved in acid. After chemical separation and purification of the phosphorus and gravimetric determination of carrier yield, 32P is deter... | NSRRC has been operating a 1.5 GeV synchrotron light source, the Taiwan Light Source (TLS), for over 15 years and has established a large user community. For the future development of synchrotron radiation research in Taiwan, a feasibility study report to construct a 3.0 GeV low‐emittance storage ring, the Taiwan Photo... | eng_Latn | 10,067 |
Cross sections for K-shell ionisation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions | For relativistic heavy-ion collisions K-shell ionisation cross sections are calculated in the semiclassical approximation by using a relativistic description of the electronic states. The calculations are compared with measurements with 4.88 GeV protons and 670 MeV amu-1 Ne ions as projectiles. | Abstract The structures observed in recent missing mass experiments 3 He(p, d)X and p( 3 He, d)X are discussed and shown to agree to a high accuracy with a rotational like scheme M = M 0 + M 1 J ( J +1). An explanation is suggested as to why these structures have not been observed in some other experiments. | eng_Latn | 10,068 |
Two components of extracellularly-recorded photoreceptor potentials in the cephalopod retina: Differential effects of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ | The ERG of the isolated, superfused half-eye of the cephalopod Sepiola atlantica, evoked by a brief (10 Μs) light flash, has been studied by recording intraretinal potentials with glass microelectrodes. The intensity-response characteristics of the potentials recorded at an electrode fixed at the surface (V s ) can be ... | Abstract A simple method of compensating for the kinematic energy spread of the particles from a nuclear reaction detected in a silicon PSD is described. The technique relies on a suitable choice of the series resistor for the reaction of interest and the degree of compensation is shown to be equivalent to the first or... | eng_Latn | 10,069 |
Grain Dust Explosion and Dust Explosion Suppression | Summarize the grain dust explosion theory, explosion properties and some factors which can influence the explosion in this paper, and put forward countermeasure to prevent grain dust explosion through theory and technic aspect. Offer reference data for prevent and reduce the grain dust explosion. | A Geant4 simulation of a Micromegas detector in hadron beams is presented. Very large energy deposits are observed, resulting from the production of highly ionizing particles in nuclear interactions of incoming hadrons with different parts of the detector. Assuming a spark is induced by a local, large energy deposit, w... | eng_Latn | 10,070 |
Longitudinal Beam-Shaping Simulation for Enhanced Transformer Ratio in Beam-Driven Accelerators | A beam-driven structure wakefield accelerator (SWFA) is currently under consideration for future multi-user xray free-electron-laser (FEL) light sources. One of the challenges associated with SWFA is the efficient energy transfer from the drive to the main bunch that can be enhanced via a precise control over the drive... | We calculate the localization lengths for lattice fermions with random gap in two dimensions. This is done by means of the transfer matrix approach. Numerical results are analyzed for finite-size scaling and they exhibit a metal-insulator and a insulator-insulator transition. At these transitions we calculate the criti... | eng_Latn | 10,071 |
Spin dependence of pp-->np pi + from 492 to 796 MeV. | Spin correlation parameters {ital A}{sub {ital LL}}, {ital A}{sub {ital SL}},{ital A}{sub {ital NL}}, {ital A}{sub {ital NO}}, {ital A}{sub {ital SO}}, {ital A}{sub {ital LO}}, and{ital A}{sub {ital OL}} have been measured for {ital pp}{r arrow}{ital np}{pi}{sup +} at 492, 576, 643, 729, and 796 MeV over a large part o... | Plasma-based pattern transfer of lithographically produced nanoscale patterns in advanced photoresist materials is often accompanied by photoresist surface roughening and line edge roughening due to factors which are not well understood. We have studied the evolution of surface roughening in prototypical 193 and 248nm ... | eng_Latn | 10,072 |
ICIMACS: the Ohio State Instrument Control and Image Acquisition System | The Ohio State Instrument Control and IMage ACquisition System, ICIMACS, is the computer hardware and software used by all instruments developed by the Imaging Science Laboratory (ISL) to control the detector, pre-process data, record image data on a separate computer system for data reduction and analysis, generate re... | This article introduces the construction and mechanics of IOMMU,one of the most important components within Sun SPARC, gives details of the method employed by POST in SPARC's BOOTPROM to test it and points the deficiency out of it.Finially we present a more integral way to test IOMMU and present the procedure. | eng_Latn | 10,073 |
ON THE SPONTANEOUS PION EMISSION BY HEAVY NUCLEI | In this paper a method of detecting the pionic nuckar radio-activity discussed by lon et al. is proposed using in clusive high energy gamma ray measurement. Taking the maximum pion energy given by lon et al, the energy ranges of the gamma rays from the emitted π~θ mesons are calculated. | The Monte Carlo simulation with CORSIKA is ran to simulate EAS events at the high altitude,make certain the selecting criterion to get EAS events with low first interaction height.The hadronic interaction in the forward region from TeV region can be studied by detecting the EAS core of low first interaction height even... | yue_Hant | 10,074 |
Nuclear structure studies close to N = Z = 50 | The level structures in 98,99Rh, and 99Pd nuclei have been investigated through in beam γ-ray spectroscopic techniques following the 75As(28Si, xpyn) fusion-evaporation reaction at Elab = 120 MeV. These investigations were carried out using Indian-National-Gamma-Array (INGA) consisting of Compton-suppressed clover dete... | This article reviews Uncertainties in the Estimation of Radiation Risks and Probability of Disease Causation, NCRP Report No. 171. , Bethesda, MD, 2012. 418 pp. Price: $155.00. ISBN: 9780983545019 (hardcover). | eng_Latn | 10,075 |
Comparative study of macrophage migration in different strains of mice: absence of migration in C3H mice. | In the course of studying the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella infection, we discovered that C3H/HeJ mice differ from other strains in both their susceptibility to infection and their response to prior vaccination. Others have noted the absence of the usual B cell stimulation by LPS in these mice. To investigate th... | External injection of an electron bunch in the laser wakefield can result in femtosecond accelerated bunches with relatively low energy spread. In this paper it is shown that the density transition from vacuum to plasma can play an important role in the trapping process. The plasma wavelength in this transition region ... | eng_Latn | 10,076 |
CO/sub 2/ magnetohydrodynamic laser | Two types of powerful, continuous action gas lasers are being most actively developed at the present time: the electrical discharged and the gas dynamic lasers. IVTAN research workers proposed a new method of generating laser beams - a magnetohydrodynamic method. As working fluid an MHDL may utilize a mixture of He + C... | This paper presents the methodology and the physical models implemented in our computational code to predict the flow field over a Mars Sample Return Orbiter entering a Mars-like atmosphere. Because no validation against flight data or experiments can be done at present, the results obtained here are compared to other ... | eng_Latn | 10,077 |
Terahertz Radiation-Enhanced-Emission-of-Fluorescence | Terahertz (THz) wave science and technology have been found countless applications in biomedical imaging, security screening, and non-destructive testing as they approach maturity. However, due to the challenge of high ambient moisture absorption, the development of remote open-air broadband THz spectroscopy technology... | Abstract We report ESR experiments on a LaAl 2 sample doped with 6% Gd. The experiments were performed at 1, 3, 9 and 35 GHz. We find for T ≈ T c essentially a frequency independent shift of H res , but a frequency dependence for the minimum in the linewidth. The results will be discussed in terms of static internal fi... | deu_Latn | 10,078 |
Effects of Propagation of Narrow Bipolar Pulses, Generated by Compact Cloud Discharges, over Finitely Conducting Ground | Propagation effects on the narrow bipolar pulses (NBPs) or the radiation fields generated by compact cloud discharges as they propagate over finitely conducting ground are presented. The results were obtained using a sample of NBPs recorded with high time resolution from close thunderstorms in Sri Lanka. The results sh... | In this Brief Report we consider a nonlocal Ginzburg-Landau-Higgs model in the presence of a neutralizing uniform background charge. We show that such a system possesses vortices that feature a strong radial electric field. We estimate the basic properties of such an object and characteristic length scales in this mode... | eng_Latn | 10,079 |
A Full-View Spherical Image Format | This paper proposes a full-view spherical image format which is based on the geodesic division of a sphere. In comparison with the conventional 3D array representation which consists of five parallelograms, the proposed spherical image format is a simple 2D array representation. The algorithms of finding the neighborin... | This paper reviews the formalism of maximum entropy beam diagnostic tomography as applied to the Fusion Materials Irradiation Test (FMIT) prototype accelerator. The same formalism has also been used with streak camera data to produce an ultrahigh speed movie of the beam profile of the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA... | eng_Latn | 10,080 |
Analytic model for surface ground motion with spall induced by underground nuclear tests | This report provides a detailed presentation and critique of a model used to characterize the surface ground motion following a contained, spalling underground nuclear explosion intended for calculation of the resulting atmospheric acoustic pulse. Some examples of its use are included. Some discussion of the general ap... | We study the effects of gluon radiation on top production and decay processes at an $e^+e^-$ collider.The matrix elements are computed without any approximations, using spinor techniques. We use a Monte Carlo event generator which takes into account the infrared singularity due to soft gluons and differences in kinemat... | eng_Latn | 10,081 |
Atmospheric production of energetic protons, electrons and positrons observed in near Earth orbit | Substantial fluxes of protons and leptons with energies below the geomagnetic cutoff have been measured by the AMS experiment at altitudes of 350–390 km, in the latitude interval ±51.7� . The production mechanisms of the observed trapped fluxes are investigated in detail by means of the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation cod... | Abstract We present a convenient analytical parametrization, in both configuration and momentum spaces, of the deuteron wave-function calculated with the Paris potential. | eng_Latn | 10,082 |
A preliminary measurement of {alpha}{sub s} from W and Z + jets events at D0 | A comparison of the relative production rate of weak vector bosons (W and Z) with and without hard QCD radiation is used with NLO QCD calculations to extract the strong coupling constant {alpha}{sub s}. The data sample consists of W and Z boson events detected via the electron decay channel in the D0 detector. | We consider the cross area of the PP_ and PSV_wave window as the best window for joint PP_ and PSV_wave acquisition in VTI media. Within the effective window, the PP_ and PSV_wave's raypathes and phase angles at all reflection points are calculated, and the reflection (or transmission) coefficients' ratios of PSV- to P... | eng_Latn | 10,083 |
RADIAL WAVE FUNCTIONS FOR THE CESIUM ATOM | This paper presents the radial wave functions for 26 electronic orbitals of the cesium atom. For each orbital the electron is considered to move in a screened Coulomb potential which is taken to be approximately the Thomas-Fermi potential for a singly charged cesium ion. The states obtained here are improvements over t... | THIS PAPER CRITICALLY REVIEWS THE VARIOUS RADIOISOTOPE METHODS USED TO MEASURE THE FLOW OF STREAMS AND RIVERS, PARTICULARLY UNDER AUSTRALIAN CONDITIONS. PROBLEMS SUCH AS SELECTION OF RADIOISOTOPE, MIXING LENGTH, ADSORPTION, EQUIPMENT, CALIBRATION, AND SAFETY ARE DISCUSSED. AN OUTLINE IS GIVEN OF A PROPOSED AUSTRALIAN R... | yue_Hant | 10,084 |
The enigma of jets and outflows from young stars | Research in recent decades has seen many important advances in understanding the role of jets and outflows in the star formation process. Al though, many open issues still remain, multi-wavelength high resolution observati ons have provided unprecedented insights into these bizarre phenomena. An overview of some of the... | Preface Bose-Einstein Condensation in Nonlinear System New Aspects of Relaxation Processes in Cryogenic Solids Induction Transformer Coupled Discharges: Investigation & Application P-Type InGaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Structures for Infrared Photodetection A D-3He Spherical Tokamak Reactor with the Plasma Current Ramp-Up ... | eng_Latn | 10,085 |
Resonant production of vector mesons by polarized photons. Special considerations on the ρN decay mode of Δ(1950) and Δ(2420) | The differential cross-section and the vector-meson density-matrix elements for resonant production of vector mesons from nucleons γN→resonance J →VN are given in terms of partial-wave helicity and multipole amplitudes. A large-J approximation of thed J (ϑ) functions turns out to yield a good qualitative picture of the... | We consider the cross area of the PP_ and PSV_wave window as the best window for joint PP_ and PSV_wave acquisition in VTI media. Within the effective window, the PP_ and PSV_wave's raypathes and phase angles at all reflection points are calculated, and the reflection (or transmission) coefficients' ratios of PSV- to P... | eng_Latn | 10,086 |
Design and modeling of compact high power fiber lasers | Highly-doped phosphate glasses provide significantly higher gain than regular silica doped glasses. We will discuss a novel design strategy for compact, high gain, double clad and photonic crystal fiber lasers and amplifiers. Modeling tools include higher order finite element-based vector modal solvers for passive and ... | In this study, the neutron emission rate from neutron sources using prompt gamma rays in hydrogen was determined, and several improvements were applied. Using Monte Carlo calculations, the best positions for the source, moderator and detector relative to each other were selected. For (241)Am-Be and (252)Cf sources, the... | eng_Latn | 10,087 |
Laser-manipulated the multiphoton transitions of a harmonically trapped particle | A single particle magneto-confined in a one-dimensional (1D) quantum wire experiences a harmonic potential, and imposing a sharply focused laser beam on an appropriate site shapes a δ potential. The theoretical investigation has demonstrated that for a sufficiently strong δ pulse the quantum motional stationary state o... | Abstract The burning history of a spherical diffusion flame element (Lagrangian flamelet) is modeled under three distinctive burning conditions: a quasi-steady burning process, a quasi-periodic burning mode, and a purely transient burning condition. In the quasi-periodic burning mode, the time scale of the oscillations... | eng_Latn | 10,088 |
Interferometrische Messung des Brechungsindex für Röntgenstrahlen | The refractive indexn for X-rays is measured with a single crystal X-ray interferometer. Using CuKα radiation the following values of (1-n) × 106 have been obtained Lucite: 4.135±0.13% Beryllium: 5.296±0.16% LiF: 7.980±0.18% NaF: 8.702±0.12% | Preface to first edition Preface to second edition 1. Plasma diagnostics 2. Magnetic diagnostics 3. Plasma particle flux 4. Refractive-index measurements 5. Electromagnetic emission by free electrons 6. Electromagnetic radiation from bound electrons 7. Scattering of electromagnetic radiation 8. Neutral atom diagnostics... | deu_Latn | 10,089 |
Radiative and other rare ρ, ω, ϕ-decays from VEPP-2M | The review of results on the ρ , ω , and ϕ radiative and rare hadronic decays, measured in SND and CMD-2 experiments at VEPP-2M e + e − -collider is presented. Comparison with KLOE measurements and theoretical models is given. | The objective of the article is to present several original results, obtained through the combined approach of experiments and two-dimensional modeling, which could suggest solutions in order to improve the choice of the operating conditions in an LPCVD (low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) reactor for this kind of ... | eng_Latn | 10,090 |
The Polarized-gamma p ---> K+ Lambda and polarized-gamma p ---> K+ Sigma0 reactions at forward angles with photon energies from 1.5-GeV to 2.4-GeV | Differential cross sections and photon beam asymmetries for the gamma p rightarrow K+ Lambda and gamma p rightarrow K+ Sigma0 reactions have been measured in the photon energy range from 1.5 GeV to 2.4 GeV and in the angular range from Theta_{cm} = 0 to 60 of the K+ scattering angle in the center of mass system at the ... | The minimization of plasma-induced damage (PID) in plasma etching is important for the precise and smooth removal of a depth of approximately 7 nm of GaN films to fabricate gate-recess GaN-based normally-off power electronic devices. We have systematically studied the photoluminescence (PL) properties and surface morph... | eng_Latn | 10,091 |
Compressed xenon gas near its critical point as an ionization medium | The authors report results obtained from a dual gridded ionization chamber filled with highly purified gaseous xenon operating near its critical point where the density, rho /sub c/=1.09 g/cm/sup 3/, approaches that of the liquid phase. The data obtained suggest that xenon near its critical point is an important additi... | Here,the acetic waster water was disposed by pressure bio film method through the principle of Dolton partial pressure law,the experiment results show that increasing air pressure would not harm microoraganism,otherwise,it would be benefit to the bio film oxidation processes.The removal efficiency of COD was increasing... | eng_Latn | 10,092 |
Reactions induced in 12C by nucleons of energy 120-150 MeV | Measurements are presented of the cross sections for producing individual states of the residual nuclei in the 12C (n, np)11B, 12C (p, pn)11C and 12C (p, 2p)11B reactions. Observation of the decay γ-radiation from these states provides the necessary energy resolution; the γ-radiation is observed in coincidence with pro... | We show <-50 dB AM-to-PM conversion over a wide photocurrent range in MUTC photodiodes. By controlling the AM-to-PM coefficient minimum, we generate 15 dBm microwave power with 60 dB AM rejection onto the microwave phase. | eng_Latn | 10,093 |
Interchannel interaction versus relativistic effects: Xe5pphotoionization revisited | Xenon 5(P) subshell photoionization has been studied in the vicinity of the Xe 4d shape resonance by angle and spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Dipole matrix elements and relative phase shifts derived from these experimental data are compared with calculations with regard to the strength of interchannel and re... | Ultra wide band (UWB) impulse radio (IR) technology calls for robust and low-complexity receiver techniques. State-of-the-art proposals are both coherent ML receivers, noncoherent transmitted reference systems, or hybrid choices, all of which are derived from an AWGN model. In this paper we investigate an alternative t... | eng_Latn | 10,094 |
Temperature effects in five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory | Abstract We examine the combined effectsof thermal and quantum-mechanical fluctuations in a Kaluza-Klein universe with a single compact spatial dimension of length L ¯ 5 . From the one-loop effective potential for L ¯ 5 two types of instability are evident. If initially L ¯ 5 is less than a temperature-dependent critic... | Abstract A soft X-ray pulse height analyzer has been designed and installed on the J-TEXT tokamak for measuring the electron temperature and possibly for monitoring the impurity content and concentration. A multi-channel analyzer, a set of amplifiers, and three silicon drift detectors constitute the detection system. A... | eng_Latn | 10,095 |
Advanced Ultrasound: Prostate Elastography and Photoacoustic Imaging | Conventional B-mode transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is used extensively to aid in visualizing the prostate gland and needle during biopsy. However, TRUS has limited sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer detection (Nelson et al. 2007; Correas et al. 2013), and therefore advanced ultrasonic methods are currently ... | Summary form only given, substantially as follows. Reviews fifteen possible model experiments on astrophysics with lasers. When a focused ultra-intense laser irradiates a high-Z material, relativistic high-energy electrons are efficiently produced, and subsequent nuclear and QED (quantum electrodynamics) phenomena are ... | eng_Latn | 10,096 |
Whole body MRI: How, When, Why. | Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-1075 / Whole body MRI: How, When, Why. " by: "A. Stecco1, A. Cassara1, F. Buemi1, A. ferrari1, L. Canalis1, G. Leale1, L. SUKHOVEI 1, S. Berardo1, A. Carriero2; 1Novara/IT, 2Novara (NO)/IT" | Abstract We have developed image analysis software to facilitate the analysis of optical-transition radiation (OTR) patterns generated by the electron beam from the Los Alamos free-electron laser facility. The software can be used for beam alignment, beam profile and angular divergence measurements, and the programs ru... | eng_Latn | 10,097 |
Meson Production Near Threshold | This experimental program focuses on meson production near threshold via the reaction p + d → 3He + X. The incident beam energy and the 3He momentum are matched in such a way that the mesons are produced at rest in the c.m. system. Clear signals can be observed at the ω,ή, K \(\bar K\) and φ thresholds. | We argue that in the measured $p_T$ domain of RHIC, collisional rather than the radiative energy loss is the dominant mechanism for jet quenching. Accordingly we calculate nuclear suppression factor for light hadrons by taking only the elastic energy loss in sharp contrast with the previous calculations where only the ... | eng_Latn | 10,098 |
Laser acupuncture induced specific cerebral cortical and subcortical activations in humans | As recent studies demonstrated, acupuncture can elicit activity in specific brain areas. This study aims to explore further the central effect using laser acupuncture. We investigated the cerebral effects of laser acupuncture at both acupoints GB43 with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As a control conditi... | To satisfy the requirements of surface and atomic physics study in the field of low energy multiple charge state ion incident experiments, a low energy (10eV∕q–20keV∕q) ion beam platform is under design at IMP. A simple test bench has been set up to test the ion beam deceleration systems. Considering virtues such as st... | eng_Latn | 10,099 |
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