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query stringlengths 1 13.4k | pos stringlengths 1 61k | neg stringlengths 1 63.9k | query_lang stringclasses 147
values | __index_level_0__ int64 0 3.11M |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) are photodetectors with exceptional characteristics. This paper proposes a new approach to model them in Verilog-A HDL with the help of a powerful tool: TCAD simulation. Besides, to the best of our knowledge, this is first model to incorporate a trap-assisted tunneling mechanism, a... | In this paper, we present an accurate behavioral model for simulating single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). The device operation is described using the Verilog-A description language, which is an analog extension of the common digital hardware description language. The derived model is able to emulate the static, the... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,600 |
We present a 50 W ytterbium fibre laser with an intra-active-core Bragg grating. To the best of our knowledge, this is the narrowest linewidth (~100 pm) fibre laser operating in this power range. | We report the efficient generation of 100-W single-frequency radiation with diffraction-limited beam quality at the 1064-nm wavelength by use of a master-oscillator fiber power-amplifier system, consisting of a diode-pumped monolithic nonplanar ring laser as the master oscillator and an Yb-doped large-mode-area fiber a... | The review of the laser application practices in mining is followed by the discussion of experimental treatment of carbonate rocks by the continuous fiber-optic ytterbium laser radiation at output capability of 600 W. Local disintegration of carbonate rocks is estimated with a view to show the possibility and practicab... | eng_Latn | 7,601 |
A plasma-dielectric waveguide is presented as a possible optical element for enhancing the phase matching condition in high harmonic generation processes. The phase velocity of the pump wave, in a partially ionized plasma, is controlled by its interaction with dielectric walls within the waveguide. The phase velocity i... | Harmonic generation is investigated at an intensity range of ${10}^{15}$\char21{}${10}^{18}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ by using a 280-fsec KrF laser. The highest-order harmonic observed with Ne as a nonlinear medium is the 25th (9.9 nm), which gives the shortest-wavelength coherent radiation ever obtained. The inversions o... | We demonstrate the data transmission of 10 Gbit/s on-off keying modulated 1550 nm signal through a long-range dielectric-loaded surface plasmon polariton waveguide structure with negligible signal degradation. In the experiment the bit error rate penalties do not exceed 0.6 dB over the 15 nm wavelength range and receiv... | eng_Latn | 7,602 |
A new approach to design digitally tunable optical fllter system for DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed) optical networks is presented. This digitally tunable optical fllter system uses semiconductor optical ampliflers (SOAs) and DWDM thin fllm fllter based wavelength selection elements. The design is very eas... | We demonstrate a rapidly tunable narrowband wavelength filter using unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers in lithium niobate. It is designed to switch among eight channels spaced 50 GHz apart in optical frequency (approximately 0.4 nm in wavelength) in less than 50 ns. The insertion loss is 19 dB and crosstalk is les... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,603 |
We report the synchronization of actively -switched erbium- and ytterbium-doped fiber lasers by means of a single electrostatically actuated deformable metallic micromirror. Synchronized and tunable pulse trains were generated at 1.064 and 1.55 mum with a pulse duration and repetition rate of ~1.5 mus and 32 kHz, respe... | We demonstrate simultaneously efficient generation of cw red, yellow, and green coherent radiations, “traffic signal lights,” by multifrequency conversions from a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 dual-wavelength laser with a single-pass aperiodically poled LiTaO3. The 1.8 mW red at 671 nm and 0.64 mW green at 532 nm are, respectiv... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,604 |
Photoreceivers suitable for 100 Gb/s data rates are presented, consisting either of monolithic pin-diodes with travelling-wave amplifiers followed by a copackaged DEMUX, or 90° optical hybrids integrated with balanced detectors forming coherent QPSK photoreceiver OEICs. | An InP based 4×4 Multi-Mode Interferometer 90° hybrid is described. The fabricated device showed a common mode rejection ratio in excess of 20 dB, and less than 1.5 dB variation in responsivity over the C-band. | The oxidative polymorphism of debrisoquine (DBQ) has been determined in 89 patients with colo-rectal cancer and in 556 normal control subjects. Four patients and 34 controls, with a metabolic ratio >12.6, were classified as poor metabolisers of DBQ (n.s.). | eng_Latn | 7,605 |
The spectral width of the continuous wave broadband generated in an erbium doped fiber ring laser containing a dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) in a filterless cavity is found to be governed by the nature of the gain spectrum of the doped fiber, in addition to the nonlinear effects. This dependence is studied experimenta... | Continuous-wave (CW) broadband in the C- and L-band wavelength regions is demonstrated by introducing a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) in an erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL). A broadband spectrum of ~ 39 nm in the L-band and ~ 21 nm in the C-band were obtained at pump powers as low as ~ 200 mW with appropriate opti... | We report 100-channel transmission of both C- and l-band with 765 Gb/s capacity over a distance of 2,000 km. To achieve this transmission result, we utilized dispersion flattened transmission and broadband medium gain erbium doped fiber amplifiers. | eng_Latn | 7,606 |
A terahertz quantum cascade laser and an integrated Auston-switch are coupled to perform ultrafast gain switching. The resulting non-equilibrium gain is not clamped above laser threshold and large amplification of input terahertz pulses is demonstrated. | We have been using the principles of injection-seeded terahertz parametric generation (TPG) to develop the terahertz parametric amplifier (TPA) since 2014. Although we previously achieved amplification of 55 dB at 1.6 THz, amplification of low-frequency terahertz waves (≤1 THz) or ultraweak inputs was difficult, becaus... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,607 |
Twist of coherent fields and beam quality | Propagation invariant laser beams for optical metrology applications | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 7,608 |
Polaron effects on the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption coefficients in quantum wells with asymmetrical semi-exponential potential | Electric-field-induced Nonlinear Optical Rectification, Second- and Third-harmonic Generation in Asymmetrical Quantum Well | Absence of CCR8 does not impair the response to ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease. | eng_Latn | 7,609 |
Tunable mid-infrared (6.3-12 μm)optical vortex pulse generation. | Mid-infrared optical vortex parametric laser with topological charge versatility | Oral insulin does not alter gut microbiota composition of NOD mice | eng_Latn | 7,610 |
Defect enhanced silicon-on-insulator microdisk photodetector | Two-photon absorption photocurrent in p-i-n diode embedded silicon microdisk resonators | Digital Flicker-Free Slow Scan Multispectral Imagery Display | eng_Latn | 7,611 |
Control of Wavelength, Polarization, Time-Structure and Divergence for Synchrotron Radiation Topography | Characterization Of The Absolute Photon Sensitivity Of Gold Cathode Photoelectric Detectors | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 7,612 |
How short are ultra short light pulses? (looking back to the mid sixties) | Transient stimulated Raman scattering in liquids and evaluation of picosecond pulse duration | Ultrashort pulse laser ionization microscopy | eng_Latn | 7,613 |
Energy recycling versus lifetime quenching in erbium-doped 3-μm fiber lasers | Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Q-Switched Laser-Seeded Fiber MOPA at 2.8 μm | Large Energy, Wavelength Widely Tunable, Topological Insulator Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser | eng_Latn | 7,614 |
New class of two-photon-absorbing chromophores based on dithienothiophene | Resonant and static cubic hyperpolarizabilities of push-pull dipolar and quadrupolar chromophores: toward enhanced two-photon absorption | Delayed Reactive Distractor Suppression in Aging Populations | eng_Latn | 7,615 |
"Photonic lantern" spectral filters in multi-core Fiber. | Analysis of multi-mode to single-mode conversion at 635 nm and 1550 nm | Autologous immune responses to the major oncornavirus polypeptides in unmanipulated AKR/J mice. | eng_Latn | 7,616 |
Dispersion-managed mode locking | Dispersion-managed breathing-mode semiconductor mode-locked ring laser: experimental and numerical study | Dispersion-managed breathing-mode semiconductor mode-locked ring laser: experimental and numerical study | eng_Latn | 7,617 |
Explicit form for the kernel operator matrix elements in eigenfunction basis of harmonic oscillator | Extended Wigner function for the harmonic oscillator in the phase space | Transcriptional activation of HIF-1 by a ROS-ERK axis underlies the resistance to photodynamic therapy | eng_Latn | 7,618 |
A novel scheme of all optical header extraction for optical packet switching network | Header extraction with SOA-MZI in optical packet networks | 5-HT3 receptor ligands lack modulatory influence on acetycholine release in rat entorhinal cortex | eng_Latn | 7,619 |
Cycle Slip Compensation with Polarization Block Coding for Coherent Optical Transmission: Two-dimensional phases constellation corresponds to a slip state | A spatially-coupled type LDPC Code with an NCG of 12 dB for optical transmission beyond 100 Gb/s | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 7,620 |
Frequency locking of 1.5 mu m DFB laser diode to a neon indicator lamp using the optogalvanic effect | Photonic technologies and subsystems for terabit communications | Analysis of 37-kW Converter-Fed Induction Motor Losses | eng_Latn | 7,621 |
NDIR Ethanol Gas Sensor with Two Elliptical Optical Structures | Effects of Infrared Energy on Dual Elliptical NDIR Ethanol Gas Sensors | Effects of Infrared Energy on Dual Elliptical NDIR Ethanol Gas Sensors | eng_Latn | 7,622 |
Nonlinear Evolution of Lower-Hybrid Drift Instability in Harris Current Sheet | Electron dynamics in collisionless magnetic reconnection | Ultrastable optical clock with neutral atoms in an engineered light shift trap | kor_Hang | 7,623 |
QEPAS Sensor for Simultaneous Measurements of H2O, CH4, and C2H2 Using Different QTFs | Wavelength modulation technique-based photoacoustic spectroscopy for multipoint gas sensing. | Microtubule capture by CENP-E silences BubR1-dependent mitotic checkpoint signaling | eng_Latn | 7,624 |
Industrial Application Of Far-Infrared Lasers | The Failure Rate Of Polyethylene Insulated Cable | Resistance to a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor in Plasmodium falciparum. | eng_Latn | 7,625 |
Zero-order diffractive microstructures for security applications | Leaky-mode resonance photonics: an applications platform | Noise-robust coherent diffractive imaging with a single diffraction pattern | eng_Latn | 7,626 |
Characteristics of a wavelength-switching fiber laser source | Intra-cavity polarization switching in optical fiber lasers | 5-HT3 receptor ligands lack modulatory influence on acetycholine release in rat entorhinal cortex | eng_Latn | 7,627 |
NIRSpec - an IR spectrometer for the James Webb Space Telescope | The James Webb Space Telescope science instrument suite: an overview of optical designs | Microtubule capture by CENP-E silences BubR1-dependent mitotic checkpoint signaling | eng_Latn | 7,628 |
Broadband spectroscopic lidar for SWIR/MWIR detection of gaseous pollutants in air | Enhancements to INO's broadband SWIR/MWIR spectroscopic lidar | Enhancements to INO's broadband SWIR/MWIR spectroscopic lidar | eng_Latn | 7,629 |
Design and cost performance of WDM PONs for multi-wavelength users | Crosstalk and loss in wavelength division multiplexed systems employing spectral slicing | No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM for 100-Gb/s Long-Haul WDM Transmission | eng_Latn | 7,630 |
Electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon source with an efficiency of 89% | Designs for high-efficiency electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon sources | Designs for high-efficiency electrically pumped photonic nanowire single-photon sources | eng_Latn | 7,631 |
Linear Variable Filter Based on a Gradient Grating Period Guided-Mode Resonance Filter | Leaky-mode resonance photonics: an applications platform | Full polarimetric GPR antenna system aboard the ExoMars rover | eng_Latn | 7,632 |
Sub-THz Photonic-Transmitters Based on Separated-Transport-Recombination Photodiodes and a Micromachined Slot Antenna | Increase in response time of low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive switches at high voltage bias | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 7,633 |
Technology and Development of Free space Laser Communication | Tracing platform for infrared laser atmospheric communication between warships | Suppression of bremsstrahlung and pair production due to environmental factors | eng_Latn | 7,634 |
Simple self-seeding scheme for generation of wavelength-tunable optical short pulses | 20 nm wavelength tunable single mode picosecond pulse generation at 1.3 mu m by self-seeded gain-switched semiconductor laser | Completely Stale Transmitter Channel State Information is Still Very Useful | eng_Latn | 7,635 |
Improved Indirect Photon Mapping with Weighted Importance Sampling | Faster photon map global illumination | Transcriptional activation of HIF-1 by a ROS-ERK axis underlies the resistance to photodynamic therapy | eng_Latn | 7,636 |
The phase behavior of a weakly attractive colloidal system | Optical Manipulation of Microscale Fluid Flow | Highly coherent RF signal generation by heterodyne optical phase locking of external cavity semiconductor lasers | eng_Latn | 7,637 |
Lagged Coherence of Photon Emissions and Spectral Power Densities between the Cerebral Hemispheres of Human Subjects during Rest Conditions: Phase Shift and Quantum Possibilities | The Aharanov-Bohm Phase Shift and Magnetic Vector Potential “A” Could Accommodate for Optical Coupler, Digital-to-Analogue Magnetic Field Excess Correlations of Photon Emissions Within Living Aqueous Systems | Noise-robust coherent diffractive imaging with a single diffraction pattern | eng_Latn | 7,638 |
Using Optical Processing To Find The Beam Profile Of A Laser Pulse (Theory) | Laser beam profile measurements using spatial sampling, fourier optics, and holography | 101 Flux Decline in Ultrafiltration Processes | yue_Hant | 7,639 |
Ring and axis mode lasing in quasi-stadium laser diodes with concentric end mirrors | Enhancement of Laser Power Efficiency by Control of Spatial Hole Burning Interactions | SNARE Function Is Not Involved in Early Endosome Docking | eng_Latn | 7,640 |
Tunable, Ultrafast Fiber-Laser Between 1.15 and 1.35 μm for Harmonic Generation Microscopy in Human Skin | Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation | Numerical investigation of high-power single frequency fiber amplifiers at a wavelength of 1018nm | eng_Latn | 7,641 |
Single Passband Microwave Photonic Filter With Continuous Wideband Tunability Based on Electro-Optic Phase Modulator and Fabry–Pérot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier | Microwave photonics combines two worlds | Poor Agreement between Respiratory Variations in Pulse Oximetry Photoplethysmographic Waveform Amplitude and Pulse Pressure in Intensive Care Unit Patients | eng_Latn | 7,642 |
3.4-THz quantum cascade laser based on longitudinal-optical-phonon scattering for depopulation | The Use of Quantum Cascade Lasers as Local Oscillator for Heterodyne Detection of THz Radiation | Surface of localized pleural plaques quantitated by computed tomography scanning: no relation with cumulative asbestos exposure and no effect on lung function | eng_Latn | 7,643 |
Hollow optical-fiber based infrared spectroscopy for measurement of blood glucose level by using multi-reflection prism | Non-invasive blood glucose measurement using fixed-wavelength quantum cascade lasers | Automatic detection of objective prism stellar spectra | eng_Latn | 7,644 |
Numerical simulation of ultrafast expansion as the driving mechanism for confined laser ablation with ultra-short laser pulses | Layer-selective lift-off processing in a TCO/Si thin film system by ultra-short (ps, fs) laser pulses | 101 Flux Decline in Ultrafiltration Processes | eng_Latn | 7,645 |
6-mode spatial multiplexer with low loss and high selectivity for transmission over few mode fiber | Low insertion loss highly mode-selective spatial multiplexers using multi-plane light conversion | Low insertion loss highly mode-selective spatial multiplexers using multi-plane light conversion | eng_Latn | 7,646 |
We demonstrate efficient generation of narrowband (<; 100 GHz) THz pulses in the nanosecond range by using difference frequency generation in organic electro-optic crystals DSTMS and OH1. The terahertz output is tunable in the range of 1-20 THz and can be used for THz imaging and spectroscopy. | High-field terahertz (THz) single-cycle pulses with 1.5 MV/cm are generated by optical rectification in the stilbazolium salt crystal 4-N,N-dimethylamino-4'-N'-methyl-stilbazolium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate. We show experimentally that the generated THz transient carrying 5 octaves (0.15 to 5.5 THz) undergoes a co... | Using a recirculating loop, we measured nonlinearly induced timing jitter in a terrestrial wavelength-division-multiplexed system at different transmission distances with different amounts of precompensation. Within each 600-GHz subband, we achieved error-free transmission using the same amount of precompensation for a... | eng_Latn | 7,647 |
A new approach for studying mixing and combustion phenomena in turbulent partially premixed flames using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is demonstrated. Setting the laser pulse energy just above the breakdown threshold in the cold gas allows statistical data to be obtained concerning the probability of fin... | Time-gated picosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ps-LIBS) for the determination of local equivalence ratios in atmospheric-pressure adiabatic methane–air flames is demonstrated. Traditional LIBS for equivalence-ratio measurements employ nanosecond (ns)-laser pulses, which generate excessive amounts of contin... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,648 |
We report on the observation and quantitative assessment of self-trapped pulsating beams in a highly nonlocal nonlinear regime. The experiments were conducted in nematic liquid crystals and allow a meaningful comparison with the prediction of a scalar theory in the perturbative limit, while addressing the need for beyo... | Next-generation photonics envisions circuitry-free, rapidly reconfigurable systems powered by solitonic beams of self-trapped light and their particlelike interactions. Progress, however, has been limited by the need for reversibly responsive materials that host such nonlinear optical waves. We find that repeatedly swi... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,649 |
Resonator-enhanced electro-optic (RE-EO) frequency comb generators produce broad combs by coupling an optical field to a resonator containing a phase modulator driven at a harmonic of the resonator free spectral range (FSR). Recent advances in integration technologies have opened up the possibility of fabricating low-l... | We have demonstrated a method that efficiently transfers the power from a single-frequency laser into a wideband frequency comb. The comb was produced by a 2.7-GHz electro-optic modulator in a resonant optical cavity. A coupled cavity technique was used to transfer 8.5% of the laser power into a comb with a span of 400... | Background:Abnormal vascular reactivity and reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are hallmark of salt-induced hypertension in rats. Although l-arginine is an establis... | eng_Latn | 7,650 |
We successfully demonstrate the effectiveness of a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) optical dispersion equalizer in a 2.5 Gb/s transmission experiment with a 40 km-long 1.3 /spl mu/m zero-dispersion fiber at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The dispersion equalizer consists of 5 Mach-Zehnder interferometers with asymmetrical arm lengths ... | An integrated-optic dispersion equalizer has been fabricated on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) for the first time. The PLC optical dispersion equalizer can compensate for both negative and positive fiber dispersion values. In a preliminary experiment, we successfully compensated for the chromatic dispersion of a 20 k... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,651 |
Confocal laser microscopy (CLM) is a powerful tool in life science research and industrial inspection because it offers two-dimensional optical sectioning or three-dimensional imaging capability with micrometer depth selectivity. Furthermore, scan-less imaging modality enables rapid image acquisition and high robustnes... | A laser frequency comb is a broad spectrum composed of equidistant narrow lines. Initially invented for frequency metrology, such combs enable new approaches to spectroscopy over broad spectral bandwidths, of particular relevance to molecules. The performance of existing spectrometers — such as crossed dispersers emplo... | Perfect Quantum Cloning Machines (QCM) would allow to use quantum nonlocality for arbitrary fast signaling. However perfect QCM cannot exist. We derive a bound on the fidelity of QCM compatible with the no-signaling constraint. This bound equals the fidelity of the Bu\v{z}ek-Hillery QCM. | eng_Latn | 7,652 |
A technique for the experimental implementation of fully complex filters with commercially available spatial light modulators (SLMs) is reported. The filters are incorporated into an all-optical correlator and a hybrid digital-optical correlator, the relative merits of each configuration being considered. Various filte... | Two-dimensional correlation between a reference template and an input scene is a powerful pattern recognition technique but is demanding of computational power. Coherent optical correlators, exploiting the Fourier transforming properties of a lens and the capability to impart a phase modulation on a wavefront with an a... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,653 |
Solid state laser (SSL) powers can be realistically scaled when pumped by a real, efficient and multimode pulse. In this work, a fourth-order super-Gaussian pulse was assumed as a pump for SSL’s and a complete analytical expression for the thermal phase shift is given. Moreover, the focal length of thermal lens in para... | Based on the actual working environment of pulse LD dual-end pumped Tm:YAG crystal, time-dependent temperature field analytical expression and the time-varying thermal focal length are deduced by the integral transform method. Additionally, the effects of pump power, repetition frequency and duty ratio on axial transie... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,654 |
Continuous advances in low-cost MANPAD heat-seeking missile technology over the past 50 years remains the number one hostile threat to airborne platforms globally responsible for over 60 % of casualties. Laser based directional countermeasure (DIRCM) technology have been deployed to counter the threat. Ideally, a laser... | Compact high-power 2100 nm laser diode module for next-generation directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) systems is presented. Next-generation DIRCM systems require compact, light-weight and robust laser modules which could provide intense IR light emission capable of disrupting the tracking sensor of heat-seeking... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,655 |
Ultraviolet scattering communication provides none-line-of-sight connectivity for two separated transceivers, but it is limited by low emitting power and high atmospheric absorption in long-range case. This paper adopts a Monte Carlo based multiple-scattering model, and studies associated power losses of optical signal... | Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) optical wireless communications using ultraviolet radiation and relying on atmospheric scattering has been proposed for short-range non-line-of-sight connectivity. Compared with single-input single-output (SISO) systems, single-input multiple-output (SIMO) communication systems can offer receiv... | Fluorescence imaging in vivo is hampered by autofluorescence and the scattering and absorption of short-wavelength light. To address these problems, Xiong et al. produce self-luminescing nanoparticles that enable in vivo near-infrared imaging without external light excitation. | eng_Latn | 7,656 |
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has many interesting advantages, such as deep imaging depth, high image resolution, and high contrast to intrinsic and extrinsic chromophores, enabling morphological, functional, and molecular imaging of living subjects. Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is one form of the PAI inheriting its ch... | Super-resolution microscopy based on light-activated atomic force microscopy has been demonstrated a team in Korea. The diffraction limit makes it difficult to image structures smaller than about 200 nanometres using optical microscopy. While several super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques have been realize... | Perfect Quantum Cloning Machines (QCM) would allow to use quantum nonlocality for arbitrary fast signaling. However perfect QCM cannot exist. We derive a bound on the fidelity of QCM compatible with the no-signaling constraint. This bound equals the fidelity of the Bu\v{z}ek-Hillery QCM. | eng_Latn | 7,657 |
The key stream generated from Line Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) has short period and does not suit encrypting plentiful information. At the same time, chaotic sequences are prone to become short periodic ones because of the restriction of computational precision of computers. Aiming at remedying these inadequacies, a... | According to the structure analysis of Portable Execute File and its own characteristics, a software watermark framework model was put forward. By adding a new section used for storing control code and extracting feature information from the original PE file, the unique watermark marking for the software copyright was ... | We present a new detection instrument for sensor measurements based on excited-state fluorescence lifetimes. This system consists of a primary optoelectronic loop containing a resonance-type rf amplifier, a modulatable fluorescence-excitation light source, a fiber optic feedback loop (with a gap for a fluorescent senso... | eng_Latn | 7,658 |
The quality-factor dependent enhancement of the field of a weak probe laser beam inside a resonant optical cavity is used to measure the minute optical absorption of liquid films, metallic and high reflectivity dielectric coatings. The measurement is not affected by the presence of the surface reflections and the scatt... | Three different techniques for signal amplification utilizing, cavity resonances are examined. Cavity-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy and cavity-enhanced photovaporization spectroscopy are based on resonator optical cavities and cavity-enhanced capillary wave spectroscopy is based on a mechanical resonator. The sign... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,659 |
Injection-seeded terahertz (THz)-wave parametric generation pumped by subnanosecond pulses was demonstrated as an exploration of the effective pump pulse width. In experiments, pump sources with different pump widths of 35–850 ps were used. The relationship between the undesirable effect of stimulated Brillouin scatter... | Generation of near single-cycle pulses centered at 0.5THz frequency with up to 10μJ energy, 100μW average power, and 5.0MW peak power was demonstrated by tilting the intensity front of a femtosecond optical pump pulse from a 10Hz Ti:sapphire laser to match the phonon-polariton phase velocity to the group velocity of th... | An injection-locking-based pump recovery system for phase-sensitively amplified links is proposed and studied experimentally. Measurements with 10 Gbaud DQPSK signals show penalty-free recovery of 0.8 GHz FWHM bandwidth pump with 63 dB overall amplification. | eng_Latn | 7,660 |
A hybrid scheme for analogue-to-digital conversion (ADC) is described in which electro-optic techniques are employed to reduce the timing jitter which is a primary factor in restricting the resolution obtainable in all-electronic ADCs. The proposed system uses commercially available digitisers and optical components to... | An experiment in which a high-power mode-locked femtosecond semiconductor laser system was used as a source of extremely low jitter intense optical pulses in the distribution of a clock to 1024 ports via optical fibers is described. The total accumulated dynamic clock jitter between any two ports, which contains both c... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,661 |
We report on the use of an ultra-narrow (∼0.01 nm) spectrum-sliced incoherent light source for transmission of a 10-Gb/s non-return-to-zero signal over 20-km standard single mode fiber or 0.2-nm-bandwidth optical filter. | We investigate wideband reduction of excess intensity noise in incoherent light for application to spectrum-sliced WDM systems. The noise reduction scheme is based on optoelectronic feedforward compensation. We derive expressions for the probability density function of noise-reduced incoherent light and present measure... | We describe a new method for producing high power coherent light at 589 nm based on a scalable, passively mode-locked, Nd:YVO4 laser and a seeded optical parametric amplifier. Average powers of 4.6 W at 589 nm have been produced. | eng_Latn | 7,662 |
Tunable optofluidic devices exhibit some unique characteristics that are not achievable in conventional solid-state photonic devices. They provide exciting opportunities for emerging applications in imaging, information processing, sensing, optical communication, lab-on-a-chip and biomedical engineering. A dielectropho... | A broadband beam steering device using the dielectrophoresis-tilted prism of liquids is demonstrated. Dielectric force is utilized to slant the interface to imitate the refractive behavior of a prism. The steering angle increases as the applied voltage increases. Two dimensional beam steering is also successfully achie... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,663 |
The solar power system (SPS) is the most promising way to overcome global environmental and economic problems. Different SPS concepts are compared briefly. Direct conversion of solar energy to energy of a high-power laser beam has the advantage of high efficiency and precise energy transportation. Optical phase conjuga... | A process that involves the use of nonlinear optical effects to precisely reverse the direction of p… | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,664 |
Micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) having valuable performance, size, and cost attributes offer novel solutions to the design of lightwave network elements. We will discuss the new challenges that realizing these benefits presents to the field of photonic packaging. | Increased traffic volume due to the introduction of new broadband services is driving carriersto the deployment of an optical transport layer based on Wavelength Division Multiplexing(WDM) [1]. The network infrastructure of existing core networks is currently undergoing atransformation from rings using SONET Add/Drop M... | Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is common in connection with chronic disease and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Because the risk of PEM is related to the degree of illness, the causal connections between malnutrition and a poorer prognosis are complex. It cannot automatically be inferred that n... | eng_Latn | 7,665 |
An MoTe2 saturable absorber (SA) was fabricated for mid-infrared laser operations. By using this type of home-made SA as a Q-switcher for an in-band pumped Er:YAG laser, stable pulse trains with an average output power of 1.14 W were obtained at an absorbed pump power of 10.51 W. The Q-switched pulse envelope had a rep... | Molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) has attracted renewed interest owing to their versatile applications, such as transistors, logic circuits, photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, sensors, and lasers. We demonstrate an all-optically tunable microfiber knot resonator (MKR) overlaid with MoTe2 nanosheets. The optical transmitted... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,666 |
We report our initial results on certain aspects of the fabrication of opto-electronic devices based on nonlinear optical organic polymers. In particular, we report the fabrication of rib waveguides in the high-temperature structural polymer PBI, measurement of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility in a side... | A scheme for a five volt V(pi) ) nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer optoelectronic (OE) device is presented with the potential to realize an interaction length that is about an order of magnitude shorter than conventional five volt V(pi) ) NLO polymer OE devices. It utilizes available NLO polymer materials for the core la... | We demonstrate a peak transmission efficiency of −2.4dB between a standard optical fiber and a nanophotonic waveguide using a mechanically compliant polymer interface. We find a 1.5dB penalty over a 100nm bandwidth and all polarizations. | eng_Latn | 7,667 |
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are excellent candidates for the applications requiring low noise light sources with wavelengths ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm. These applications include the detection of fluorescence from protein molecules excited with the ultraviolet (UV) light (200-300nm) for identifying miniscule amoun... | The influence of the reflection coefficient of cleaved facets from a double heterostructure laser on the l/f noise in light output is investigated. The experimental noise results are obtained by partially embedding the laser in Canada balsam, resulting in a decrease of the reflection coefficient, and by evaporating an ... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,668 |
This paper describes the design, modeling, construction, and testing of a low-cost and compact (80 mm×50 mm) 1×5 wavelength-selective switch. The core beam-deflecting element of the switch is a nematic liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator. The switch is designed for coarse wavelength-division multiplexing ... | High-resolution optical filters and wavelength selective switches are the essential components in the current and next-generation dynamic optical networks. A high-resolution programmable filter for telecom application is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on a 4 k phase-only liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS)... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,669 |
We numerically investigate the scaling behavior of midinfrared filaments at extremely high input energies. It is shown that, given sufficient power, kilometer-scale, low-loss atmospheric filamentation is attainable by prechirping the pulse. Fully resolved four-dimensional ($xyzt$) simulations show that, while in a spat... | We have identified major paradigm shifts relative to near-IR filamentation when high power multiple terawatt laser pulses are propagated at mid-IR and long-IR wavelengths within key atmospheric transmission windows. Individual filaments at near-IR (800 nm) wavelengths typically persist only over tens of centimeters, de... | Channel Hot Carrier (CHC) degradation on uniaxially strained pMOS and nMOS samples with different S/D materials has been analyzed. The results show that the CHC damage is larger in the strained samples in comparison with the unstrained devices, and increases with the temperature. | eng_Latn | 7,670 |
A compact time-resolved near-IR fluorescence imager was constructed to obtain lifetime and intensity images of DNA sequencing slab gels. The scanner consisted of a microscope body with f/1.2 relay optics onto which was mounted a pulsed diode laser (repetition rate 80 MHz, lasing wavelength 680 nm, average power 5 mW), ... | Frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging is a powerful technique that enables the observation of subtle changes in the molecular environment of a fluorescent probe. This technique works by measuring the phase delay between the optical emission and excitation of fluorophores as a function of modulation frequency. ... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,671 |
We extensively studied a cross-talk phenomenon that seriously deteriorates the high time-resolution of a multi-anode 16-channel linear array photo-multiplier tube (PMT); the dynode structures were modified to eliminate the cross-talk effect and to recover a time resolution of σ = 70 – 80 ps for single photons. The use ... | We demonstrate diffraction limited multiphoton imaging in a massively parallel, fully addressable time-resolved multi-beam multiphoton microscope capable of producing fluorescence lifetime images with sub-50ps temporal resolution. This imaging platform offers a significant improvement in acquisition speed over single-b... | Coherent optical modems have been implemented that provide low cost 40 Gb/s connections over any optical line that can support 10 Gb/s transmission. CMOS signal processing allows performance substantially independent of PMD and optical dispersion. | eng_Latn | 7,672 |
2.3 dB of amplitude squeezing has been observed in a semiconductor laser with light injection from a single-mode semiconductor laser to one of the longitudinal modes of the slave laser. The slave laser operates as a semiconductor laser amplifier and oscillates at the injected mode, which differs from the free-running o... | An injection-locking-based pump recovery system for phase-sensitively amplified links is proposed and studied experimentally. Measurements with 10 Gbaud DQPSK signals show penalty-free recovery of 0.8 GHz FWHM bandwidth pump with 63 dB overall amplification. | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,673 |
With the ongoing steady traffic increase in the Internet, the wavelength usage of the supporting optical networks is a critical network efficiency parameter. Therefore, this paper suggests a way how to efficiently and economically achieve this goal in the context of optical burst switching, a very promising technology ... | Increase of bandwidth demand in data networks, driven by the continuous growth of the Internet and the increase of bandwidth greedy applications, raise the issue of how to support all the bandwidth requirements in the near future. Three optical switching paradigms have been defined and are being investigated: Optical C... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,674 |
We propose and demonstrate an all-optical scheme of phase noise reduction using optical nonlinearity and dispersion/conversion delay. This scheme is capable of reducing the standard deviation of phase noise with low frequency component (e.g., laser phase noise) by a factor of ~ 4 without degrading the data signal. The ... | We propose and demonstrate tunable homodyne detection using nonlinear optical signal processing to automatically lock a “local” pump laser to an incoming 20-to-40-Gbaud QPSK data signal. Open eyes are obtained for both in-phase and quadrature components of the signal after ~200km transmission over SMF-28 and DCF fibers... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,675 |
We present the theory for an experimental verification of a new technique to combine multiple microwave signals populating a wide spectrum into a single, small band for further relay or processing. The method is an extension of well-known RF-over-fiber downconversion techniques but with multiple local oscillators (LOs)... | We present a new intensity-modulated analog optical link architecture in which a pulsed optical carrier replaces the standard low-noise continuous-wave laser. Through a time-domain analysis of the sampled link architecture, we show that the link performance metrics reduce to those of a conventional analog optical link ... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,676 |
We present a new class of single-photon devices for counting of both visible and infrared photons. Our superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) are characterized by the intrinsic quantum efficiency (QE) reaching up to 100%, above 10 GHz counting rate, and negligible dark counts. The detection mechanism is based ... | We report our studies on the performance of new NbN ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our SSPDs exhibit experimentally measured quantum efficiencies from ~ 5% at wavelength λ = 1550 nm up to ~10% at λ = 405 nm, with exponential, activation-energy-type spectral sensitivity dependence in the... | We report our studies on the performance of new NbN ultrathin-film superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). Our SSPDs exhibit experimentally measured quantum efficiencies from ~ 5% at wavelength λ = 1550 nm up to ~10% at λ = 405 nm, with exponential, activation-energy-type spectral sensitivity dependence in the... | eng_Latn | 7,677 |
The superiority of parabolic-index fibers over step-index fibers in delivering high-beam-quality light out of incoherently combined lasers is demonstrated numerically and experimentally. By utilizing the tapered fused bundle-combining approach and connecting it with delivery fiber, we point to an efficient, rugged, all... | The importance of average power scaling of fiber lasers (FL) is well known. However, power scaling is strongly limited by factors such as thermal load, and non-linear effects. An alternative path for reaching high powers utilizes the stimulated Raman scattering mechanism, and harnesses its power and brightness enhancem... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,678 |
We propose to combine multiple laser beams into a single diffraction-limited beam by beam self-focusing (collapse) in a Kerr medium. Beams with total power above critical are first combined in the near field and then propagated in the optical fiber/waveguide with Kerr nonlinearity. Random fluctuations during propagatio... | We obtain, for the first time, an analytic theory of the forward stimulated Brillouin scattering instability of a spatially and temporally incoherent laser beam, that controls the transition between statistical equilibrium and non-equilibrium (unstable) self-focusing regimes of beam propagation. The stability boundary ... | By using a superluminescent diode as the light source and a depolariser inside the fibre coil, a constant scale factor is achieved without using polarisation control elements. For long-term behaviour an RMS-bias drift of 10 degrees/h is obtained. | eng_Latn | 7,679 |
In this paper, we demonstrate the implementation of a widely tunable microwave signal generator based on a dual-polarization fiber grating laser. The laser contains two strong, wavelength-matched Bragg gratings photoinscribed in an Er-doped fiber and emits two polarization modes when pumped with a 980 nm laser diode. B... | Dual-frequency fiber lasers (DFFL) are shown to provide high purity beat notes for microwave signal generation and distribution. We study the stabilization of the beat from DFB DFFLs by using optical frequency-shifted feedback loop containing an electro-optic modulator (EOM). As a proof-of-principle of the method effic... | Single-mode operation at 4.4 THz is obtained from distributed-feedback quantum-cascade lasers with complex-coupling metallic gratings. The emission shows a stable side-mode suppression of more than 20 dB at all injection currents and operating temperatures | eng_Latn | 7,680 |
A package for a DFB (distributed feedback) laser with integrated optical isolator is described. The design is based on a modular set-up: a laser module provided with a short ferruled pigtail is combined with an optical isolator module with the device fiber pigtail. Laser feedback due to reflections in the isolator modu... | The multiplication of fibre optic networks during the years 1980 to 2000 has led to the development of specific packaging designs for laser modules, e.g. butterfly or TO-can coaxial packages. Since the beginning of years 2000, it has become necessary for packaging designers to deal with new requirements in term of modu... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,681 |
Monolithic integration of InP-based materials on Si will allow lasers as well as optical amplifiers operating at 1.55µm to be efficiently included in photonic integrated circuits. We demonstrate here oxide-free heteroepitaxial bonding of InP-clad GaInAs quantum wells to Si, with an atomic-plane-thick reconstruction acr... | An heteroepitaxial bonded III-Von Si nanopatterned waveguide is demonstrating a wavelength selective behavior thanks to a super-periodicity added to its sub-wavelength, below band-gap, structuration. Effective Medium Theory has been implemented for modal effective index determination, allowing a quick and nevertheless ... | Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). | eng_Latn | 7,682 |
Optical networks are becoming a reality as the physical layer of high-performance telecommunication networks. The deployment of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology allows the extended exploitation of installed fibers now facing an increasing traffic capacity demand. Performances of such systems can be deg... | A new type of Si guided‐wave electro‐optic modulator is proposed and analyzed. The modulator makes use of the impact‐ionization mechanism for carrier generation, and the carrier‐dispersion effect for electro‐optic conversion. Both electrical and wave propagation properties of the modulator were examined by a two‐dimens... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,683 |
We describe a microlaser longitudinally pumped by a laser diode with maximum 4W of cw power at 808 nm. Microlaser generates Q-switched laser pulses obtained by using a saturable absorber (Cr 4+ : YAG) in the laser resonator. Laser resonator is shorter than 20-mm. Pump radiation is focused with an opt ical collimation/f... | Solid-State Laser Engineering is written from an industrialperspective and discusses in detail the characteristics, design, construction and practical problems of solid-statelasers. Emphasis is placed on engineering and practicalconsiderations, with a phenomenological treatment usingmodelsbeing preferred to abstract ma... | Efficient laser-diode pumped Cr, Yb:YAG self-Q-switched laser by bonding Yb:YAG crystal to enhance inversion population have been demonstrated for the first time. Average output power of 1 W and optical-to-optical efficiency of 18.5% have been achieved. | eng_Latn | 7,684 |
A terrestrial free-space optical communications network facility, named IN-orbit and Networked Optical ground stations ::: experimental Verification Advanced testbed (INNOVA) is introduced. Many demonstrations have been conducted to ::: verify the usability of sophisticated optical communications equipment in orbit. Ho... | Our current and future Free Space Optical (FSO) designs and performance will be presented; Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing (ATP) will be a key focus along with the size, weight and power (SWaP) of our existing ground systems and our design targets for space applications. Without gimbals, Rislet prisms, steering mir... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,685 |
We experimentally investigate the dynamics of a three-section monolithically integrated semiconductor laser (MISL). The MISL is designed and fabricated by ourselves, which is composed of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser section, a phase (P) section and an amplifier (A) section with lengths of 220 µm, 240 µm, and 320 ... | Influences of external optical injection on the nonlinear dynamics of a three-section monolithically integrated semiconductor laser (MISL) are investigated experimentally. The results show that, for the solitary three-section MISL, diversely dynamical states including the stable state as well as the so-called period-on... | Although field-collected recordings typically contain multiple simultaneously vocalizing birds of different species, acoustic species classification in this setting has received little study so far. This work formulates the problem of classifying the set of species present in an audio recording using the multi-instance... | eng_Latn | 7,686 |
A multi-lamination micromixer for time resolved infrared spectroscopy, optimized by fluid simulations is characterized for different flow rates. Using four instead of two lamination layers yields a reduction of the diffusion length and decreases mixing time significantly. Measurement results prove the ultrafast mixing ... | X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) offer a unique opportunity to study the structural dynamics of proteins on a femtosecond time-scale. To realize the full potential of XFEL sources for studying time-resolved biomolecular processes however, requires the optimization and development of devices that can both act as a tri... | Perfect Quantum Cloning Machines (QCM) would allow to use quantum nonlocality for arbitrary fast signaling. However perfect QCM cannot exist. We derive a bound on the fidelity of QCM compatible with the no-signaling constraint. This bound equals the fidelity of the Bu\v{z}ek-Hillery QCM. | eng_Latn | 7,687 |
A method of finding the time dependent resistances and inductances in the discharges in pulsed gas lasers is described in this work. According to this method the waveforms of the laser circuit voltages are digitized and their first and second derivatives are calculated. These are substituted into the differential equat... | A new method of finding the time histories of the resistance and inductance of a discharge in the laser chamber of a pulsed gas laser is described. This method exploits simultaneously the voltage across the laser channel and the flowing current in the laser discharge while the knowledge of the entire circuit is not req... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,688 |
The design, construction, and operation of a stratospheric Rayleigh lidar system is outlined. The lidar system was designed to operate as a Doppler lidar; however, for the first stage of the project it was set up to operate in a manner similar to a more conventional stratospheric Rayleigh lidar. This system includes a ... | The main working mode of high energy laser system is to focus the transmitting laser beam on target under the condition that the target is tracked in closed loop by fine tracking module, so that it can be damaged or invalidated. Therefore, in order to achieve this effect, an optical device of common aperture is designe... | We prove that groups acting geometrically on delta-quasiconvex spaces contain no essential Baumslag-Solitar quotients as subgroups. This implies that they are translation discrete, meaning that the translation numbers of their nontorsion elements are bounded away from zero. | eng_Latn | 7,689 |
We report a novel optoacoustic (OA) cell construction which has improved small absorption measurement capability from 10−9 cm−1 to 10−10 cm−1. The new OA cell is ideally suitable for use with planar output lasers, e.g., diode lasers. Now optoacoustic spectroscopy can be extended to include the effects of low temperatur... | An improved spectrophone for measurements of laser absorption in gases has been tested. The device employs a fiber-optic interferometer, wound into a cylindrical shape, as the acoustic sensor. Performance of the device was evaluated by measuring the absorption of 3.39 μm HeNe laser radiation in a calibrated mixture of ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,690 |
Er doped III-nitride semiconductors are a major field of research aiming to achieve photonic devices with multiple functionalities in photonic integrated circuits (PICs), which are not possible with either Er doped silica glasses or narrow band gap semiconductors like InGaAsP. Emitters and optical amplifiers based on E... | The authors report on the excitation dynamics of the photoluminescence (PL) emission of Er doped GaN thin films synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Using the frequency tripled output from a Ti:sapphire laser, the authors obtained PL spectra covering the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared regions. In t... | Background ::: Serum calcium (Ca) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentrations and calcium-phosphate product (CPP) levels are positively associated with worse outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, but there are few data for Pi or Ca and none for CPP in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). | eng_Latn | 7,691 |
DWDM transport networks are evolving towards dynamic setup/rerouting of optical connections. This paper quantifies the impact of optical node architecture and traffic variability on the network blocking probability and transponder count requirements. | This paper presents a synopsis of ongoing research in the field of resource allocation in dynamic optical networks. This type of networks are envisioned to serve connections with random arrival and holding times and with fast connection setup requirements. Based on this, we model resource allocation as a mechanism that... | Coherent optical OFDM systems offer a straight-forward approach to address high spectral efficiency. Non-linear impairments set limits to the maximum spectral efficiency. The limiting effects are explored by simulations, calibrated from published experimental results. | eng_Latn | 7,692 |
Volumetric thermal gratings were created in liquid and gaseous media and were used to efficiently deflect laser beams. In gaseous media, a low-input energy requirement and high switching efficiency make this type of switch a good candidate for a practical device. The switch is scalable to large apertures and has low in... | The beam propagation method (BPM) was used to study a 4/spl times/4 active switch with electro-optical effects in a titanium diffused lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/:Ti) based directional coupler, and the results were used to develop the design. This design is capable of de-multiplexing wavelengths from two groups, 1100 ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,693 |
The effective simulation technique of multipath interference in optical line consisting of different types of single-mode fibers, such as dispersion management lines, is proposed. The proposed technique also valid for analysis multipath interference in optical lines with distributed Raman amplification. The simulation ... | We discuss the importance of distributed amplification for high-speed soliton communication systems through numerical simulations by considering the distributed gain provided by stimulated Raman scattering or erbium dopants. Hybrid amplification schemes are also considered. At a bit rate of 40 Gb/s, the use of distribu... | A combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar has been developed. A XeCl excimer laser is used as the radiation source. Inelastic Raman backscatter signals are spectrally separated from the elastic signal with a filter or grating polychromator. Raman channels can be chosen to register signals from CO2, O2, N2, and H2O. Al... | eng_Latn | 7,694 |
In this paper the performance of a digital quadrature PWM modulator for switched-mode wideband transmitters is evaluated. The purpose of the evaluation is to analyze the impact of the modulator parameter settings on the signal band quantization noise and on the average power efficiency of the complete digital transmitt... | Single-ended (monopolar) and push-pull (bipolar) power amplifiers (PAs) are based upon complementary class-D PAs. The radio-frequency pulse-width modulation (RFPWM) waveform is produced in software and downloaded to a programmable-waveform generator. The PAs operate at 500 kHz and produce peak outputs of 100 W (monopol... | We report nearly complete preservation of “spin memory” between optical absorption and photoluminescence under excitation >0.2 eV above the band gap in nanometer GaSe slabs. | eng_Latn | 7,695 |
A whispering gallery mode (WGM) semiconductor laser with a convex disk cavity operating at room temperature in the middle-IR range (λ = 2.4 μm) has been created for the first time. The convex cavity was formed by etching in a specially selected CrO3-HF-H2O mixture. The room-temperature emission spectra have been measur... | We report the first demonstration of a cw room-temperature mid-IR microlaser. This 2.7-μm optically-pumped (diode, 980 nm) microlaser is based on a high-Q Er-doped ZBLAN spherical microresonator and has a threshold power of 140 μW. | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,696 |
A novel mode-selective optical packet switching, based on mode-multiplexers/demultiplexers and multi-port optical micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) switches, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The experimental demonstration was performed using the LP(01), LP(11a) and LP(11b) modes of a 30-km long ... | Mode-division multiplexing (MDM), which allows different guided modes of a few-mode fiber to carry different signals, is a new technology being actively pursued worldwide to increase the signal-carrying capacity of a fiber. For the development of the MDM technology, many mode-controlling devices are needed, such as mod... | MEMS technology offers some unique product opportunities for optical networking applications. One of the critical factors that determine the commercial success of any optical MEMS components is the cost for packaging and optical fiber alignment. Small form factor MEMS components such as protection switches and variable... | eng_Latn | 7,697 |
We demonstrate the tunable continuous-wave (CW) terahertz generator based on the λ/4 phase-shifted 1.3 μm dual-mode laser diode (DML) and travelling-wave photodiode (TWPD). The DML and TWPD operate as an optical beat source and terahertz photomixer, respectively. The laser diodes (LDs) operating at the 1.3 μm have more... | Phase correlation leading to self-pulsation (SP) in semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Under proper biasing conditions, the laser oscillates with three main modes and we observe that each two-modes beating provides SP with identical spectral linewidt... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,698 |
Spectral properties of silicon subwavelength grating waveguides are simulated in 3D with eigenmode expansion and the impact of the number of included modes is investigated. Simulation results are validated against measurements. | While current optical communication networks efficiently carry and process huge amounts of digital information over large and medium distances, silicon photonics technology has the capacity to meet the ceaselessly increasing demand for bandwidth via energy efficient, inexpensive and mass producible short range optical ... | Berzelius failed to make use of Faraday's electrochemical laws in his laborious determination of equivalent weights. | eng_Latn | 7,699 |
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