query stringlengths 3 5.5k | positive sequence | negative sequence |
|---|---|---|
Defamation While South African Law does allow for freedom of speech, and the constitution is one of the most liberal in the world for protecting such freedoms, it must be measured against the need for responsibility in the use of such freedoms to prevent offence. Whatever one believes about ‘The Spear’ it is clear that Murray attacked President Zuma based upon his personal life rather than any critique of policy. The depiction of the President with his penis exposed is a reminder of the accusations of rape against him, of which he was acquitted in 2007. To remind those who view the painting of the accusation is to hint at Zuma’s guilt in the case despite it being proved otherwise in a court of law. This is effectively libel and as such defames Zuma’s character. As such, Zuma was right to sue for defamation and it was right for the artwork to be removed as it implied and spread a falsehood in the public domain that is damaging to Zuma. | [
"reputation and defamation house believes spear should have remained Jacob Zuma had a right to sue, which he made use of before dropping his claim for defamation. However, for his supporters inside and outside the ANC to attack The Goodman Gallery, City Press and Brett Murray personally is irresponsible and stifles... | [
"The law is contrary to the constitution Chapter 4 of the Ugandan constitution recognises fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual as inherent and not granted by the State. The constitution states; All persons are equal before and under the law in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural li... |
Changes negative perceptions of university life Affirmative action is required to change negative perceptions of university life. In the status quo, many talented potential students are put off applying for top universities (or university at all) because of their negative perceptions of elite institutions. This perception exists in part because of the makeup of the student population – black high school students may see a university filled overwhelmingly with white lecturers and students as not being a welcoming environment for them, and may even perceive it as racist. [1] The only way to overcome this unfortunate stereotype of university is to change the student population, but this is impossible to do ‘organically’ while so few people from minority backgrounds apply. Therefore, it is necessary to use quotas and other forms of affirmative action, to change the student body in the short term, and encourage applications from more disadvantaged students in the long term. [1] Ancis, J.R. “Student perceptions of campus cultural climate by race”. Journal of Counselling and Development. Spring 2000. | [
"niversity philosophy political philosophy minorities house would use positive Positive discrimination will increase negative perceptions of university. Far from changing attitudes about campus life among disadvantaged groups, positive discrimination is likely to be seen as patronising, belittling of the achievemen... | [
"ucation secondary university philosophy religion minorities house believes use Affirmative action creates bad workplaces for all minorities Affirmative action creates a negative workplaces for all minorities whose group receives affirmative action support. The existence of affirmative action creates a de-facto a... |
An individual's BMI is no longer a purely personal matter The obesity epidemic is taking an enormous toll on global medical costs. In the US alone the health care costs attributable to either direct or indirect consequences of obesity have been estimated at $147bn. [1] Put into context, this amounts to roughly 9% of the health spending in the US. [2] The figure might seem excessive, but we need to remember that obesity is linked to Type 2 Diabetes, several kinds of cancer, coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, asthma, chronic back pain and hypertension, to name just a few. We also need to realize that many of the diseases on this list are chronic in nature, requiring lifelong pharmacological therapy, which often follows complex and expensive diagnostic procedures, frequent medical specialist consultations, and not infrequent emergency interventions. [3] Adding to the list is the value of income lost due to decreased productivity, restricted activity, and absenteeism, not to mention the value of future income lost by premature death. Thus it becomes increasingly clear that due to the substantial cost obesity presents to the society, individual choices that might lead to excessive weight gain, can no longer be considered as solely individual in nature. [4] Therefore the government is legitimate in its action to introduce a form of a fat tax in order to try to dissuade the population from becoming obese and cover the increasing societal costs the already obese individuals are responsible for. [1] CDC, Obesity: Economic Consequences, published 3/28/2011, , accessed 9/12/2011 [2] RTI international, Obesity Costs U.S. About $147 Billion Annually, Study Finds, published 7/27/2009, , accessed 9/14/2011 [3] The Council of State Governments, Costs of Chronic Diseases: What Are States Facing?, published in 2006, , accessed, 9/14/2011 [4] Los Angeles Times, Should there be a 'fat tax'?, published 4/11/2011, , accessed 9/12/2011 | [
"tax health health general healthcare weight house would implement fat tax An important source of extravagant medical spending around the world, especially in the US, can be traced to inherent inefficiencies of current medical care systems. [1] And the current trends show the situation to be worsening. It is thus ... | [
"tax health health general healthcare weight house would implement fat tax A fat tax levels out the playing field for healthier food An important reason why people continuously turn to unhealthy, fat, sugar and salt laden food, is the simple fact that it’s often cheaper than a more wholesome meal comprised at leas... |
The FTAA is bad for industries in developing nations. This agreement would put farmers and workers in some of the world’s most impoverished nations in direct competition with some of the richest companies in the developed world. FTAA would have small, domestic industries in countries like Bolivia or Haiti compete with massive American corporations, and prevent their governments from aiding them in any way. The disparity of power and resources would be so great in the case of such a collision, that it would mean these small industries could easily be wiped out and never develop to a level where they can sustain a healthy national economy and become competitive against giant multinational corporations. This would be disastrous for development and poverty reduction in South America [1] . [1] Robinson, Mary. “Free Trade Area of the Americas: Latin America Deserves Better.” New York Times. 18 November 2003. www.nytimes.com/2003/11/18/opinion/18iht-edrob_ed3_.html?scp=1&sq= | [
"economic policy economy general international americas house supports creation Protectionism cannot create a healthy national industry. Only by competing openly against each other on the global market, companies become truly efficient and effective. And small, local companies and industries can often have the adva... | [
"Offshore outsourcing is consistent with existing labour distribution patterns. Offshore outsourcing lowers the cost of goods and services. There is no real need for all of the goods and services that are consumed within a highly developed economy to be produced in that economy. The sale price of a particular form... |
"Exacerbation of poor conditions Terrorism creates a perpetual situation of poverty and anxiety wit(...TRUNCATED) | ["political philosophy politics terrorism house believes terrorism can be In extreme cases, communit(...TRUNCATED) | ["Internment without trial exacerbates the antagonism of enemies and subsequent risk to civilians. (...TRUNCATED) |
"Closed source software is better at meeting consumer needs. Closed source software companies are m(...TRUNCATED) | ["digital freedoms intellectual property house believes governments should As the demands of governm(...TRUNCATED) | ["ACTA attacks free software and privatises data ACTA represents a fundamental attack on the right (...TRUNCATED) |
"Georgian rule in South Ossetia is historically illegitimate and oppressive Modern Georgia never re(...TRUNCATED) | ["global politics society minorities house believes south ossetia should be Georgia's government is (...TRUNCATED) | ["Russian and US strategic interests conflict Contradictions between Russian and U.S. interests wil(...TRUNCATED) |
"Diplomatic relations European states in particular put a particular emphasis on capital punishment(...TRUNCATED) | ["ights punishment philosophy ethics life house believes capital punishment It should be for a state(...TRUNCATED) | ["The death penalty is racist Like the rest of the American criminal justice system, capital punish(...TRUNCATED) |
"Incentivising movement so there are teachers where they are needed Although the extent of rural-ur(...TRUNCATED) | ["ary teaching international africa house believes lack investment teachers A positive intervention (...TRUNCATED) | ["ary teaching international africa house believes lack investment teachers A key concern in achievi(...TRUNCATED) |
"Voters do not understand or care about EU reforms. They would have found the legal jargon off-putt(...TRUNCATED) | ["europe politics voting house would hold referendum any new eu treaty Voters do care about EU refor(...TRUNCATED) | ["An opportunity for civic studies There would be clear advantages in having elections while young (...TRUNCATED) |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
BEIR/MTEB hard negatives dataset
A dataset for quick evaluation of embedding models during their training.
The problem: running a full MTEB evaluation on a single GPU may take 10-20 hours. Most of this time is spent on embedding all 30M docs in all 10+ corpora. This dataset solves this problem by unwrapping a "retrieval" style benchmark into the "reranking" style:
- We compute embeddings for all documents in the corpora with the intfloat/e5-base-v2 model.
- For each corpus in BEIR/MTEB benchmark we build a Lucene index with text documents and their embeddings.
- For each eval query we do a hybrid RRF-based retrieval for top-32 negatives
As BEIR testset is size-unbalanced (TREC-COVID is 42 queries, and MS MARCO is ~4000) we sample top-300 random queries from each dataset.
It takes around 30-60 seconds to perform eval using Nixietune on a single RTX 4090.
A dataset in a nixietune compatible format:
{
"query": ")what was the immediate impact of the success of the manhattan project?",
"pos": [
"The presence of communication amid scientific minds was equally important to the success of the Manhattan Project as scientific intellect was. The only cloud hanging over the impressive achievement of the atomic researchers and engineers is what their success truly meant; hundreds of thousands of innocent lives obliterated."
],
"neg": [
"Abstract. The pivotal engineering and scientific success of the Twentieth century was the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project assimilated concepts and leaders from all scientific fields and engineering disciplines to construct the first two atomic bombs.",
"The pivotal engineering and scientific success of the Twentieth century was the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project assimilated concepts and leaders from all scientific fields and engineering disciplines to construct the first two atomic bombs."
]
}
Usage
To use with HF datasets:
pip install datasets zstandard
from datasets import load_dataset
data = load_dataset('nixiesearch/beir-eval-hard-negatives')
print(data["test"].features)
License
Apache 2.0
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