id int64 0 2.86k | query stringlengths 11 129 | positive stringlengths 56 3.85k | negative stringlengths 10 4.45k |
|---|---|---|---|
0 | When was quantum field theory developed? | History of quantum field theory
The third thread in the development of quantum field theory was the need to handle the statistics of many-particle systems consistently and with ease. In 1927, Pascual Jordan tried to extend the canonical quantization of fields to the many-body wave functions of identical particles using... | AdS/CFT correspondence
In quantum field theory, one typically computes the probabilities of various physical events using the techniques of perturbation theory. Developed by Richard Feynman and others in the first half of the twentieth century, perturbative quantum field theory uses special diagrams called Feynman diag... |
1 | When is the dialectical method used? | Dialect Test
The Dialect Test was created by A.J. Ellis in February 1879, and was used in the fieldwork for his work "On Early English Pronunciation". It stands as one of the earliest methods of identifying vowel sounds and features of speech. The aim was to capture the main vowel sounds of an individual dialect by lis... | Frankfurt School
Marx thus extensively relied on a form of dialectical analysis. This method—to know the truth by uncovering the contradictions in presently predominant ideas and, by extension, in the social relations to which they are linked—exposes the underlying struggle between opposing forces. For Marx, it is only... |
2 | Have the Colorado Rockies won a title? | List of Colorado Rockies seasons
The Colorado Rockies are a professional baseball team based in Denver, Colorado. The club has been owned since formation by Charles and Richard Monfort. The Rockies were created as an expansion team for the 1993 season and rose to a postseason appearance after three seasons and the 1994... | History of the Colorado Rockies
The History of the Colorado Rockies began in 1991 when a Major League Baseball (MLB) expansion franchise for Denver, Colorado was granted to an ownership group headed by John Antonucci. In 1993, the Colorado Rockies started play in the National League (NL) West division. Since that date,... |
3 | When were bluebonnets named the state flower of Texas? | Bluebonnet (plant)
Bluebonnet is a name given to any number of blue-flowered species of the genus "Lupinus" predominantly found in southwestern United States and is collectively the state flower of Texas. The shape of the petals on the flower resembles the bonnet worn by pioneer women to shield them from the sun.
Speci... | Billie Jean Floyd
While campaigning, Floyd would hand peppermints to the public saying, "“Hello, my name is Billie Floyd and I’m running for the State Senate, and I just want to tell you that your vote would mean a mint to me, and here it is to show you."Floyd's old botany professor from East Central, Dr. Doyle McCoy, ... |
4 | What is the Navy's military mascot? | Navy Bill
Navy Bill is a sculpture of the United States Naval Academy's mascot, "Bill the Goat", a billy goat. It was designed by Clemente Spampinato in 1956, and presented to the Academy in 1957. Until 2010, the sculpture stood just inside Gate 1 to the Academy. Following a five-year refurbishment underwritten by the ... | Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy badge
The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy badge is an identification badge of the United States Navy which is presented to the Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy upon assuming office. The Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy badge is the highest in a series of chief p... |
5 | How many permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are there? | List of members of the United Nations Security Council
As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and five permanent members of the Security Council. The other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The fol... | United Nations System
The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946 at Church House, Westminster, London. Since its first meeting, the Council, which exists in continuous session, has travelled widely, holding meetings in many cities, such as Paris and Addis Ababa, as well as at its current permanent h... |
6 | When was the first web page released? | World Wide Web
The first web page may be lost, but Paul Jones of UNC-Chapel Hill in North Carolina announced in May 2013 that Berners-Lee gave him what he says is the oldest known web page during a 1991 visit to UNC. Jones stored it on a magneto-optical drive and on his NeXT computer. On 6 August 1991, Berners-Lee publ... | History of the web browser
In 1992, Tony Johnson released the MidasWWW browser. Based on Motif/X, MidasWWW allowed viewing of PostScript files on the Web from Unix and VMS, and even handled compressed PostScript. Another early popular Web browser was ViolaWWW, which was modeled after HyperCard. In the same year the Lyn... |
7 | When did Iain M. Banks create The Culture? | A Gift from the Culture
"A Gift from the Culture", published in 1987, is a short work of space opera, by the Scottish science fiction author Iain M. Banks. The story is an early venture into the "complex and unusual and very distant" setting of the Culture, which Banks would further develop through various of full leng... | James L. Brooks
Failing to find another job at a news agency, he met producer Allan Burns at a party. Burns got him a job on "My Mother the Car" where he was hired to rewrite a script after pitching some story ideas. Brooks then went on to write episodes of "That Girl", "The Andy Griffith Show" and "My Three Sons" befo... |
8 | Who started human rights? | Human rights in East Asia
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was implemented on 10 December 1948 by the United Nations. Therefore, we have officially witnessed 68 years of the United Nations approaching human rights issues on a global scale. The declaration was created after the end of World War II and wa... | Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission
The commission was founded as the Human Rights Caucus in 1983 by Tom Lantos, a California Democrat, and John Porter, an Illinois Republican. Lantos was Hungarian by birth and had the distinction of being the only Holocaust survivor ever to serve in the Congress. |
9 | Who is the Mayor of San Francisco? | 2018 San Francisco mayoral special election
A special election was held for Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco on June 5, 2018. The winner of the election will serve until 2020, filling the unexpired term of Ed Lee, who was elected in 2011 and 2015, and died in office on December 12, 2017. Upon Lee's death, ... | Healthy San Francisco
Prior to the implementation of Healthy San Francisco, the city's safety net health care system for the low-income and uninsured consisted of several community health clinics, a public hospital (San Francisco General Hospital), and a citywide managed care plan. In Mayor Gavin Newsom's first term, h... |
10 | When did Alfred die? | Alfred the Gorilla
Alfred died on 10 March 1948. The press at the time speculated that ‘his pet hate got him in the end’, linking Alfred's dislike of aeroplanes with the passage of one over the zoo shortly before his death. The actual cause of his demise was tuberculosis which he contracted a year before and despite hi... | Alfred Ernest Fripp
Alfred Ernest Fripp (June 29, 1866 – March 25, 1938) was a Canadian lawyer and politician. |
11 | When was the Prohibition Era in the US? | Prohibition in the United States
Research shows that prohibition reduced overall alcohol consumption by half during the 1920s, and consumption remained below pre-Prohibition levels until the 1940s, suggesting that Prohibition did socialize a significant proportion of the population in temperate habits, at least tempora... | Repeal of Prohibition in the United States
In 1932 the Democratic Party's platform included a plank for the repeal of Prohibition, and Democratic candidate Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for president of the United States promising repeal of federal Prohibition laws. |
12 | When did the Taff Vale Junction Railway get made? | Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway
In time the Canal became overwhelmed by the volume of traffic, and encouraged by the successful opening of railways with more advanced technology than the horse tramways of previous years, the Taff Vale Railway was promoted. It was authorised by Parliament in 1836 and it opene... | Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway
The line opened by 30 August 1883, but although business was brisk (due to the Glyn backlog) the company still lacked money for ordinary operational purposes, and a lease to the TVR was discussed. The talks proved successful, and a lease was authorised by Act of 14 July 1884, ... |
13 | What is the largest asteroid? | Ceres (dwarf planet)
Ceres is the largest object in the asteroid belt.
It is sometimes assumed that Ceres has been "re"classified as a dwarf planet, and that it is therefore no longer considered an asteroid. For example, a news update at Space.com spoke of "Pallas, the largest asteroid, and Ceres, the dwarf planet form... | Asteroid
Hygiea is the largest carbonaceous asteroid and, unlike the other largest asteroids, lies relatively close to the plane of the ecliptic. It is the largest member and presumed parent body of the Hygiean family of asteroids. |
14 | When did the American Renaissance happen? | Renaissance
Many argue that the ideas characterizing the Renaissance had their origin in late 13th-century Florence, in particular with the writings of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321) and Petrarch (1304–1374), as well as the paintings of Giotto di Bondone (1267–1337). Some writers date the Renaissance quite precisely; one ... | Second American Revolution
The American Revolution spanned from 1775 to 1783, after which the United States received recognition of independence by and from Great Britain. Rhetorical or hyperbolic references to a Second American Revolution have been made on a number of occasions throughout the history of the United Sta... |
15 | What does GDP stand for? | Genuine progress indicator
Most economists assess progress in people's welfare by comparing the gross domestic product over time—that is, by adding up the annual dollar value of all goods and services produced within a country over successive years. However, GDP was not intended to be used for such purpose. It is prone... | National debt of the United States
GDP is a measure of the total size and output of the economy. One measure of the debt burden is its size relative to GDP, called the "debt-to-GDP ratio." Mathematically, this is the debt divided by the GDP amount. The Congressional Budget Office includes historical budget and debt tab... |
16 | What ethnicity are Chechens? | Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism
Two ethnic groups that were specifically targeted for persecution by Stalin's Soviet Union were the Chechens and the Ingush. Unlike the other nationalities that could be suspected of connection to foreign states which shared their ethnic background, the Chechens and the Ingush were co... | Czechs
The Czechs (, ; singular masculine: "Čech" , singular feminine: "Češka" ) or the Czech people (), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and Czech language. |
17 | When was the Argentine Basketball Federation formed? | Basketball in Argentina
On August 30, 1929, the Argentine Basketball Federation (current "Confederación Argentina") was established, with founder members from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, La Rioja, North Federation and Bahía Blanca. The Federación Argentina focused on the spread of basketball in Buenos Aires as in ... | Boca Juniors (basketball)
The basketball section of Boca Juniors was created in 1929, requesting affiliation to the association but it was rejected. In 1930 the club could be registered to Federación Argentina de Básquet (the body that governed basketball in Argentina by then) but only junior teams took part of the com... |
18 | How far is Milton Keynes from London? | Expansion plans for Milton Keynes
Milton Keynes is a purpose-built, 'new city' in South East England. It is located about 45 miles (75 km) north west of London and approximately midway between Oxford and Cambridge. With other towns it forms the unitary authority of the Borough of Milton Keynes. | Milton Keynes Council elections
Milton Keynes is a unitary authority in Buckinghamshire, England. Until 1 April 1997 it was a non-metropolitan district. |
19 | What is the newest member country to join NATO? | Enlargement of NATO
As of 2018, NATO officially recognizes four aspiring members: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Macedonia and Ukraine. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina within Bosnia and Herzegovina has expressed willingness to join NATO, however, it faces consistent political pressure from Republika Srpska, ... | Defense Forces of Georgia
Despite knowing that there would not be any newcomers announced during the Wales summit, the Georgian government was confident that their country would at least receive the Membership Action Plan, which is the primary precondition for aspirant nations to become NATO member. Instead of the MAP ... |
20 | When did Mount Victoria become a railway station? | Mount Victoria railway station
The Mount Victoria railway station is a heritage-listed former barracks and now staff accommodation, guest accommodation, railway signal box and railway station located on the Main Western line in Mount Victoria in the City of Blue Mountains local government area of New South Wales, Austr... | Vancouver Island
The first British settlement on the island was a Hudson's Bay Company post, Fort Camosack, founded in 1843, and later renamed Fort Victoria. Fort Victoria became an important base during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in 1858, and the burgeoning town was incorporated as Victoria in 1862. Victoria became t... |
21 | Who was King Zhaoxiang of Qin's mother? | King Zhaoxiang of Qin
In 306 BC, the young King Zhaoxiang ascended to the throne, with his mother Queen Dowager Xuan serving as regent. Knowing Qin could not focus on eradicating Yiqu when it had the hostile eastern states to deal with, and her son's rule was still shaky due to numerous rival princes keen to capture th... | Consort Qi
Qi was born in Dingtao, Shandong. She bore Emperor Gaozu a son Liu Ruyi, who was later installed as Prince of Zhao. Gaozu felt that the crown prince Liu Ying (his second son) was an unsuitable heir to his throne. He tried several times, fruitlessly, to replace Liu Ying with Liu Ruyi, as his desire was object... |
22 | What's the biggest wasp? | Wasp
The largest social wasp is the Asian giant hornet, at up to in length. The various tarantula hawk wasps are of a similar size and can overpower a spider many times its own weight, and move it to its burrow, with a sting that is excruciatingly painful to humans. The solitary giant scoliid, "Megascolia procer", with... | Wasp (comics)
In May 2011, the Wasp placed 99th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes of All Time, and 26th in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers" in 2012. In 2013, she was ranked the fifth greatest Avenger of all time by Marvel.com. |
23 | Who wrote the Federalist papers? | Original meaning
Originalists of all stripes cite "The Federalist Papers". It is fairly tenuous to suggest that this represents a good source for the original "intent": after all, Alexander Hamilton, who wrote the majority of those essays, was absent for the greater part of the Philadelphia Convention, and John Jay did... | Federalist No. 77
Federalist No. 77 is an essay by Alexander Hamilton, the seventy-seventh of "The Federalist Papers". It was published on April 2, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all "The Federalist" papers were published. The title is "The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Exec... |
24 | Where is the Sanjay Gandhi National Park? | Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Sanjay Gandhi National Park is an protected area near Mumbai in Maharashtra State in India. It was formerly known as Borivali National Park.
It is notable as one of the major national parks existing within a metropolis limit and is one of the most visited parks in the world. | Valley of Flowers National Park
1980: The park was established as Sanjay Gandhi National Park by Notification 3912/ XIV 3-35-80; grazing and mountaineering stopped; |
25 | When was Texas Instruments founded? | Eugene McDermott
In 1951, McDermott, along with Cecil Howard Green, Patrick E. Haggerty, and J. Erik Jonsson co-founded Texas Instruments. This was done when the company changed its name to Texas Instruments; GSI becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the new company. This acknowledged that the company had changed its f... | Morris Chang
After he left General Instrument Corporation, Sun Yun-suan recruited him to become chairman and president of the Industrial Technology Research Institute. As head of a government-sponsored non-profit, he was in charge of promoting industrial and technological development in Taiwan. Chang founded TSMC in 19... |
26 | What is the biggest cricket competition? | International cricket
Most games are played as parts of "tours", when one nation travels to another for a number of weeks or months, and plays a number of matches of various sorts against the host nation. The ICC also organises competitions that are for several countries at once, including the Cricket World Cup & ICC T... | ICC T20 World Cup
The ICC T20 World Cup (earlier known as ICC World Twenty20) is the international championship of Twenty20 International cricket. Organised by cricket's governing body, the International Cricket Council (ICC), the tournament currently consists of 16 teams, comprising the top eight teams from the rankin... |
27 | How often do solar flares occur? | Superflare
Since superflares can occur on stars apparently equivalent in every way to the Sun, it is natural to ask if they can occur on the Sun itself. An estimate based on the original Kepler photometric studies suggested a frequency on solar-type stars (early G-type and rotation period more than 10 days) of once eve... | Superflare
Superflare stars show a quasi-periodic brightness variation, which is interpreted as evidence of starspots carried around by solar rotation. This allows an estimate of the rotation period of the star; values range from less than one day up to tens of days (the value for the Sun is 25 days). On the Sun, radio... |
28 | Who is Pike's Peak named for? | Pikes Peak
"Tava" or "sun", is the Ute word that was given by these first people to the mountain that we now call Pikes Peak. The band of Ute people who called the Pikes Peak region their home were the "Tabeguache", meaning the "People of Sun Mountain". The Ute people first arrived in Colorado about 500 A.D., although ... | Albert Pike Memorial Temple
The Albert Pike Memorial Temple is a historic Masonic lodge at 700-724 Scott Street in Little Rock, Arkansas. It is an imposing three-story Classical Revival structure, finished in limestone, and featuring a long colonnade of Ionic columns on its front facade, which occupies half of a city b... |
29 | Is there a language other than Spanish spoken in Spain? | Spanish language
In Spain and in some other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, Spanish is called not only (Spanish) but also (Castilian), the language from the kingdom of Castile, contrasting it with other languages spoken in Spain such as Galician, Basque, Asturian, Catalan, Aragonese and Occitan. | Burgos
Spanish, also called Castilian, originated in Castile and spread throughout the Crown of Castile's possessions following the reconquista. It was eventually dispersed throughout the Spanish empire following the conquest and colonization of the Americas, and Spain after the union of the Catholic Monarchs's kingdom... |
30 | When was the Annapolis Naval Academy founded? | United States Naval Academy
The United States Naval Academy (also known as USNA, Annapolis, or simply Navy) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy adjacent to Annapolis, Maryland. Established on 10 October 1845, under Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, it is the second oldest of the United States' fiv... | United States Naval Academy
The Naval Academy received accreditation as an approved "technological institution" in 1930. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt signed into law an act of Congress providing for the Bachelor of Science Degree for the Naval, Military, and Coast Guard Academies. The Class of 1933 was the fir... |
31 | What is an organophosphate? | Organophosphate
Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O=P(OR). They can be considered as esters of phosphoric acid. Like most functional groups organophosphates occur in a diverse range of forms, with important examples including key biomo... | Glyphosate
Glyphosate (IUPAC name: "N"-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. It is used to kill weeds, especially annual b... |
32 | What are the stages of grief? | Susan Anderson (psychotherapist)
While Kübler-Ross, Anderson, and others have attempted to define discrete stages of grief, such as an initial period of numbness leading to depression and finally to reorganization and recovery, most modern grief specialists recognize the variations and fluidity of grief experiences, th... | Dual process model of coping
In restoration-oriented process, the loss of the loved one is accepted and attachments with the deceased are relinquished. These include focusing on the new roles in their post loss reality and responsibilities in lives. The restoration-oriented process incorporates endurance through recons... |
33 | When was the Mansfield Town Football Club first founded? | List of Mansfield Town F.C. seasons
Mansfield Town Football Club is an English association football club based in the Nottinghamshire town of Mansfield. Founded in 1897 as Mansfield Wesleyans, the team first entered the Mansfield & District Amateur League in 1902. Four years later, the club turned professional, tweaked... | History of Mansfield Town F.C.
Tow Law Town, who had surprised Mansfield 5–1 the previous year, were dispatched in Round 1. Rotherham were beaten after a replay, and Sheffield United were defeated 2–1. Mansfield came from behind to beat Southend in the Fourth Round, leading to a match with West Ham United. Incredibly, ... |
34 | Who is the current political leader of Indonesia? | Indonesia
Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In all legislative elections since the fall of New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which secured the most votes in the 2014 elections, is the party of the current... | Rachmawati Sukarnoputri
Diah Pramana Rachmawati Soekarno
or also known Rachmawati Sukarnoputri (born 27 September 1950) is an Indonesian lawyer and politician who is the daughter and sister of two presidents of Indonesia. Her father was the first President of Indonesia and her elder sister is Megawati Sukarnoputri who ... |
35 | What country has the most tornados? | Tornado climatology
Tornadoes have been recorded on all continents except Antarctica and are most common in the middle latitudes where conditions are often favorable for convective storm development. The United States has the most tornadoes of any country, as well as the strongest and most violent tornadoes. A large po... | Tornado myths
It is often thought that tornadoes only occur in North America. The majority of recorded tornadoes do occur in the United States; however, tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. |
36 | When did Machen publish The Great God Pan? | The Great God Pan
The Great God Pan is a horror and fantasy novella by Welsh writer Arthur Machen. Machen was inspired to write "The Great God Pan" by his experiences at the ruins of a pagan temple in Wales. What would become the first chapter of the novella was published in the magazine "The Whirlwind" in 1890. Machen... | Gods and Kings: The Rise and Fall of Alexander McQueen and John Galliano
Critical reception for "Gods and Kings" has been positive. The "New York Times" wrote that "Ms. Thomas has produced a slightly seedy-feeling but, yes, addictive biography of two outsize personalities who seem less the gods or kings of her title th... |
37 | What year was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights published? | Human rights in Muslim-majority countries
When the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948, Saudi Arabia refused to sign it as they were of the view that sharia law had already set out the rights of men and women. To sign the UDHR was deemed unnecessary. What the UDHR did do was ... | Human rights in Asia
Southeast Asia has historically not adopted the same definition of human rights that could be found in Western European or North American countries. The first sign of human rights recognition came in the form of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) put forward by the United Nations. Thi... |
38 | When was the World Wide Web invented? | Web navigation
Web navigation came about with the introduction of the World Wide Web, in 1989 when Timothy Berners-Lee invented it. Once the world wide web was available, web navigation increasingly became a major aspect and role in jobs and everyday lives. With one-third of the world’s population now using the interne... | Line Mode Browser
One of the fundamental concepts of the "World Wide Web" projects at CERN was "universal readership". In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee had already written the first browser, WorldWideWeb (later renamed to "Nexus"), but that program only worked on the proprietary software of NeXT computers, which were in limite... |
39 | Do jelly fish have nervous systems? | Sponge
Like cnidarians (jellyfish, etc.) and ctenophores (comb jellies), and unlike all other known metazoans, sponges' bodies consist of a non-living jelly-like mass (mesoglea) sandwiched between two main layers of cells. Cnidarians and ctenophores have simple nervous systems, and their cell layers are bound by intern... | Cnidaria
Cnidarians are generally thought to have no brains or even central nervous systems. However, they do have integrative areas of neural tissue that could be considered some form of centralization. Most of their bodies are innervated by decentralized nerve nets that control their swimming musculature and connect ... |
40 | Who launched the first satellite? | Indian Space Research Organisation
ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19April 1975. It was named after the mathematician Aryabhata. In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed ... | Kosmos 6
Kosmos 6 ( meaning "Cosmos 6"), also known as DS-P1 No.1 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 16 was a prototype radar target satellite for anti-ballistic missile tests, which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1962. It was the sixth satellite to be designated under the Kosmos system, and the second spacec... |
41 | When was the Royal Observer Corps established? | Operational instruments of the Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps (ROC) was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down. (ROC headquarters staff at RAF Bentley Priory stood down on 31 March 1996). ... | Royal Observer Corps
At this time the only uniform items issued to Observer Corps personnel were steel helmets bearing the stenciled letters 'O C', together with blue/white (vertically striped) armbands bearing the same. Both items of equipment were similar in style to those issued to members of the civil defence emerg... |
42 | Where is the Caraga Administrative Region located? | Caraga
Caraga, officially known as the Caraga Administrative Region or simply Caraga Region and designated as Region XIII, is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the northeastern section of the island of Mindanao. The Caraga Region was created through "Republic Act No. 7901" on February 23, 1995. The ... | Aragua
Aragua was part of the Province of Caracas until 1848, when the Province was split into three parts, one being Aragua Province. The Province became a state in 1864. Some mergers and demergers with other states followed, until Aragua became an autonomous state again in 1901. Its capital until 1917 was La Victoria... |
43 | What is the biggest diamond? | Petra Diamonds
The Cullinan mine continues to produce large stones. The Cullinan Heritage, a white diamond, was discovered in September 2009. This stone was the 19th biggest uncut diamond ever found and was sold in February 2010 to Chow Tai Fook Jewellery for $35.5m, the highest price ever paid for an uncut diamond. Th... | Red diamond
A red diamond is a diamond which displays red color and exhibits the same mineral properties as colorless diamonds. Red diamonds are commonly known as the most expensive and the rarest diamond color in the world, even more so than pink diamonds or blue diamonds. Red diamonds, just like pink diamonds are gre... |
44 | What is the hip-to-waist ratio? | Waist–hip ratio
The waist-hip ratio or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the dimensionless ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips.
This is calculated as waist measurement divided by hip measurement (W ÷ H). For example, a person with a 30″ () waist and 38″ () hips has a waist-hip ratio of about 0.78. | Waist–hip ratio
The WHR has been used as an indicator or measure of health, and the risk of developing serious health conditions.
WHR correlates with fertility (with different optimal values in males and females). |
45 | When did Julia Child write her book Mastering the Art of French Cooking? | Mastering the Art of French Cooking
Mastering the Art of French Cooking is a two-volume French cookbook written by Simone Beck and Louisette Bertholle, both of France, and Julia Child of the United States. The book was written for the American market and published by Knopf in 1961 (Volume 1) and 1970 (Volume 2). The su... | Cleopatra Birrenbach
Having learned how to cook especially northern Persian delicacies from her mother, Cleopatra considers cooking an art form. In early 1974, she was featured in Craig Claiborne's Favorites from the New York Times, published by Times Books. Bareh Maveh (lamb with fruits), Abgushteh Limon (lemon soup),... |
46 | Where are septic tanks normally built? | Septic tank
While a properly maintained and located septic tank does not pose any more environmental problems than centralized municipal sewage treatment, certain problems can arise with septic tanks in unsuitable locations. Since septic systems require large drainfields, they are not suitable for densely built areas. | FEMA trailer
The typical FEMA trailer has two propane tanks on the front of the trailer behind the master bedroom, which provide the hot water, indoor heating, and gas for the stove and oven. Running water for the trailer is usually provided by some sort of water source on the property, usually through a garden hose. S... |
47 | Where is Hohenzollern Castle? | Hohenzollern Castle
Hohenzollern Castle (German: ) is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern. The third of three hilltop castles on the site, it is located atop Mount Hohenzollern, above and south of Hechingen, on the edge of the Swabian Jura of central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. | Hohenfels Castle (Hohenfels)
Hohenfels Castle (), also called Schloss Hohenfels or New Hohenfels ("Neu-Hohenfels"), is a medieval spur castle, in which a boarding school was housed until July 2017. The castle stands within the parish of Kalkofen, over a kilometre north of the village itself, which is part of the munici... |
48 | When was the term anthropology first used? | History of anthropology
The first use of the term "anthropology" in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in Richard Harvey's 1593 "Philadelphus, a defense of the legend of Brutus in British history", which, includes the passage: "Genealogy or issue which they had, Artes which they studied, A... | Human Terrain System
Commentators on HTS have also drawn attention to the long history of anthropological involvement in military operations in the US and Europe, though for different reasons. In a 2005 article, Montgomery McFate (HTS's Senior Social Scientist from 2007 to 2010, and an anthropologist by training) argue... |
49 | When did the United States officially pull out of Vietnam? | History of the United States (1964–1980)
The growing Watergate scandal was a major disaster for Nixon, eroding his political support in public opinion and in Washington. However he did manage to secure large-scale funding for South Vietnam, much of which was wasted. The United States withdrew its troops from Vietnam be... | Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975, with U.S. involvement ending in 1973. It wa... |
50 | When was the Epic of Gilgamesh discovered? | Epic of Gilgamesh
The "Epic of Gilgamesh" was discovered by Austen Henry Layard, Hormuzd Rassam, and W. K. Loftus in 1853. The central character of Gilgamesh was initially reintroduced to the world as ""Izdubar"", before the cuneiform logographs in his name could be pronounced accurately. The first modern translation w... | Gilgamesh
In the years following World War II, Gilgamesh, formerly an obscure figure known only by a few scholars, gradually became increasingly popular with modern audiences. The "Epic of Gilgamesh"'s existential themes made it particularly appealing to German authors in the years following the war. In his 1947 existe... |
51 | Where was Albert Neisser born? | Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser
Neisser was born in the Silesian town of Schweidnitz (now Świdnica, in Poland), the son of a well-known Jewish physician, Dr. Moritz Neisser. After he completed the elementary school in Münsterberg, Neisser enrolled in the St. Maria Magdalena School in Breslau (now Wrocław, in Poland). I... | Albert Göring
Albert Göring was born on 9 March 1895 in the Berlin suburb of Friedenau. He was the fifth child of the former Reichskommissar to German South-West Africa and German Consul General to Haiti, Heinrich Ernst Göring, and his wife Franziska "Fanny" Tiefenbrunn, who came from a Bavarian peasant family. |
52 | How many votes did Gary Johnson win in the 2012 presidential election? | Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign
Gary Johnson received 4,489,233 total votes and 3.27% of the national vote, coming third in the nation and setting a record for the Libertarian Party's best ever electoral result in the process. In terms of the Libertarian Party's electoral history, he bested Ed Clark's previous ... | Gary Johnson
Johnson entered politics in 1994 with the intention of running for governor and was advised by "Republican Elders" to run for the State Legislature instead. Despite their advice, Johnson spent $500,000 of his own money and entered the race with the intent of bringing a "common sense business approach" to t... |
53 | When was Heart of Darkness published? | Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness (1899) is a novella by Polish-English novelist Joseph Conrad about a narrated voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State in the so-called "heart of Africa". Charles Marlow, the narrator, tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames. This setting prov... | Heart of Darkness
The novelist Caryl Phillips stated in 2003 that: "Achebe is right; to the African reader the price of Conrad's eloquent denunciation of colonisation is the recycling of racist notions of the 'dark' continent and her people. Those of us who are not from Africa may be prepared to pay this price, but thi... |
54 | When were the North American time zones established? | Standard time
In 1870 Charles F. Dowd proposed four time zones based on the meridian through Washington, DC for North American railroads. In 1872 he revised his proposal to base it on the Greenwich meridian. Sandford Fleming, a Scottish-born engineer operating in Canada, proposed worldwide Standard Time at a meeting of... | Chamorro Time Zone
The Chamorro Time Zone, formerly the Guam Time Zone, is a United States time zone which observes standard time ten hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (). The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 150th meridian east of the Greenwich Observatory. |
55 | When was the first Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championship? | Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championships
The Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championships, commonly known as Majors, are (CS:GO) esports tournaments sponsored by Valve Corporation, the game's developer. The Majors were first introduced in 2013 and took place in Jönköping, Sweden and was hosted by Dr... | World e-Sports Games
The inaugural World e-Sports Games took place in 2005 from January 30 through March 20. and featured "Counter-Strike" and "" as main titles. Players resided in Seoul, South Korea throughout most of the tournament and matches were broadcast on Korean television. The finals took place in Beijing, Chi... |
56 | How old were the West Memphis Three when they were convicted in 1994? | West Memphis Three
At the time of their arrests, Jessie Misskelley, Jr. was 17 years old, Jason Baldwin was 16 years old, and Damien Echols was 18 years old. | West Memphis Three
Vicki Hutcheson, a new resident of West Memphis, would play an important role in the investigation, though she would later recant her testimony, claiming her statements were fabricated due in part to coercion from police. |
57 | What language was spoken in Punjab? | West Punjab
At Independence there was a Muslim majority in West Punjab with significant Hindu and Sikh minority. Nearly all of these minorities left West Punjab for India, to be replaced by large numbers of Muslims fleeing from the opposite direction. The official language of West Punjab was Urdu but most of the popula... | Mansa district, Punjab
Punjabi is the mother tongue as well as the official language of the district. |
58 | What does sui generis mean? | Sui generis
In local government, a "sui generis" entity is one that does not fit with the general scheme of local governance of a country. For example in England, the City of London and the Isles of Scilly are the two "sui generis" localities, as their forms of local government are both (for historical or geographical ... | Transgender inequality
Transgender, while a new term, is not a new phenomenon. In North America, many Native American cultures had identifications for transgender people, being people whose gender identity does not match up with their biological sex. Sabine Lang, in her research, defines non-binary people as women-men ... |
59 | What was the first documentary film? | First Contact (1983 film)
"First Contact" is the first documentary in what later became known as "The Highland Trilogy". The other two films are "Joe Leahy's Neighbours" (1989) and "Black Harvest" (1992). These three films, between them, have won some thirty major awards, included each film winning both the Grand Prix ... | Charles Tait (film director)
The Tait brothers' earliest presentations centred on the Athenaeum Hall in Collins Street, Melbourne, with concerts often including popular short, film screenings. This interest led them to join with Millard Johnson and William Gibson in the production of "The Story of the Kelly Gang" which... |
60 | What highway goes across the United States? | Interstate 80
I-80 is the Interstate Highway that most closely approximates the route of the historic Lincoln Highway, the first road across the United States. The highway roughly traces other historically significant travel routes in the Western United States: the Oregon Trail across Wyoming and Nebraska, the Californ... | Delaware State Route System
U.S. Routes that run north–south have odd numbers, increasing from east to west, while those that run east–west have even numbers, increasing from north to south. Major north–south U.S. Routes have numbers ending in 1 while major east–west U.S. Routes have numbers ending in 0. Three-digit U.... |
61 | Who has the most Grammy nominations? | Grammy Award records
The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awa... | List of awards and nominations received by Justin Timberlake
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by The Recording Academy of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Considered the highest music honor, the awards were established in 1958. Justin Timberlake has won 10 awards out of 39 nom... |
62 | When was Vasco Núñez de Balboa born? | Vasco Núñez de Balboa
Vasco Núñez de Balboa (; c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New... | Vasco Núñez de Balboa
Balboa wished to continue exploring the South Sea, but Pedrarias did everything possible to delay his departure. However, in light of the new relationship between them, Pedrarias could not stop him indefinitely, and he finally consented to let Balboa go on his new expedition, giving him license to... |
63 | How much money did the Sydney Opera House cost to build? | Sydney Opera House
The cost of the project so far, even in October 1966, was still only $22.9 million, less than a quarter of the final $102 million cost. However, the projected costs for the design were at this stage much more significant. | Grand Opera House (Seattle)
Construction began March 24, 1923 on a parking garage described at the time as "the first of its kind in the Northwest" with "[p]atented ramps".
At that time it was described as $30,000 "five-story and basement" project with a capacity of 300 cars; a day before it opened on August 20, it was... |
64 | What company first sold the microwave oven? | Microwave oven
The development of the cavity magnetron in the UK made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves). American engineer Percy Spencer is generally credited with inventing the modern microwave oven after World War II from radar technology developed during the w... | Microwave oven
The lower temperature of cooking (the boiling point of water) is a significant safety benefit compared to baking in the oven or frying, because it eliminates the formation of tars and char, which are carcinogenic. Microwave radiation also penetrates deeper than direct heat, so that the food is heated by ... |
65 | What is atomic mass? | Atomic mass
The atomic mass or relative isotopic mass refers to the mass of a single particle, and therefore is tied to a certain specific isotope of an element. The dimensionless standard atomic weight instead refers to the average (mathematical mean) of atomic mass values of a typical naturally-occurring mixture of i... | Relative atomic mass
The relative "isotopic" mass is specifically the "ratio of" the mass of a single atom "to" the mass of a unified atomic mass unit. This value, too, is relative, and therefore dimensionless. |
66 | How much would a hyperloop cost? | Hyperloop UPV
The Hyperloop UPV concept is a levitating rail-free pod design. Using magnetic repulsion and air cushioning for levitation is expensive and can produce unpredictable forces. The pod is equipped with a hybrid system of permanent magnets and electromagnet units, being able to control lift, so it can hover f... | Hyperloop
The Hyperloop white paper suggests that of each one-way passenger ticket between Los Angeles and San Francisco would be sufficient to cover initial capital costs, based on amortizing the cost of Hyperloop over 20 years with ridership projections of 7.4 million per year in each direction and does not include o... |
67 | What years did Sorley MacLean live? | Sorley MacLean
Sorley MacLean was born at Òsgaig on the island of Raasay on 26 October 1911; Scottish Gaelic was his first language. Before he went to school at the age of six, he spoke very little English. He was the second of five sons born to Malcolm (1880–1951) and Christina MacLean (1886–1974). The family owend a ... | John Patterson MacLean
John Patterson MacLean (March 12, 1848 – August 12, 1939) was an American Universalist minister and archaeologist and historian. While at Ohio State University he became a historian of the Shakers. |
68 | Is Karate a sport in the Olympics? | Karate at the 2020 Summer Olympics
The karate competitions at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo will feature eight events. It will be the debut appearance of karate in the Olympics. Karate is part of the 2020 programme as one of five sports added specifically for 2020 rather than as a permanent sport. Two disciplines k... | Karate (song)
Kikuchi added that "karate is obviously a form of martial arts that originated from Japan, so it’s something that she’s very proud of that they are now representing this culture that came from Japan through their music, and it’s a way for more people outside of Japan also to learn what karate is all about... |
69 | What is the population of Rio, Brazil? | Rio de Janeiro
Rio has more people living in slums than any other city in Brazil, according to the 2010 Census. More than 1,500,000 people live in its 763 favelas, 22% of Rio's total population. São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil, has more favelas (1,020) in sheer numbers, but proportionally has fewer people living ... | Recife
The Recife metropolitan area is the 5th most populous of Brazil, after São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Porto Alegre, and the first in the Northeast region. The most populous neighborhoods of Recife in 2008 were Boa Viagem (100,388), Casa Amarela (69,134), and Várzea (64,512). |
70 | What is the official language of the Ivory Coast? | Ivory Coast
French, the official language, is taught in schools and serves as a lingua franca in the country. An estimated 70 languages are spoken in Ivory Coast. One of the most common is Dyula, which acts as a trade language, as well as a language commonly spoken by the Muslim population. | Ivory Coast (disambiguation)
Ivory Coast may also refer to: |
71 | Does Punjab still exist? | Tourism in Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab is the second largest province in Pakistan. It is known for its ancient cultural heritage as well as its religious diversity. The lands of Punjab have been home to a number of religions and civilisations. The Indus Valley Civilization once ruled the region and a significant archaeolog... | Punjab, Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. The undivided Punjab region was home to six rivers, of w... |
72 | When was the KHON-TV station established? | KHON-TV
KHON-TV first signed on the air on December 15, 1952 as a primary NBC affiliate, KONA-TV, occupying the channel 11 position. It also had a secondary affiliation with DuMont (which it later shared with KULA-TV, now KITV, after it signed on in 1954) until its demise in 1955. The station, which is Hawaii's second-... | KAUT-TV
On July 25, 1986, in advance of the network's launch, News Corporation announced that it had reached an agreement with Rollins Communications, in which KAUT was named the Oklahoma City charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company. Even though KOKH-TV was the leading independent in the market, Reliance Capi... |
73 | Where was Maria Sibylla Merian born? | Maria Sibylla Merian
Maria Sibylla Merian (2 April 164713 January 1717) was a German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator, a descendant of the Frankfurt branch of the Swiss Merian family. Merian was one of the first naturalists to observe insects directly. | Marie Bethell Beauclerc
Marie Bethell Beauclerc was born in London in 1845 as Maria Bethell. When she was around four years old, she and her older twin siblings Richard and Elizabeth, were sent from London to a boarding school near Bath. By this time Maria Bethell's surname and the surname of her siblings, had been cha... |
74 | Who founded Ashton-Tate? | Ashton-Tate
In June 1982 Cole hired Rod Turner as the director of OEM sales for Ashton-Tate. In a few weeks Turner solved a sales commission plan issue, that had been bothering George Tate for some time, with the top performing salesperson (Barbara Weingarten, now Guerra), and Tate and Cole promoted Turner to be Vice P... | Jet Propulsion Laboratory Display Information System
When a number of "clones" of dBase appeared in the 1990s, Ashton-Tate sued one of them, FoxPro, over copyrights. On December 11, 1990, Judge Hatter issued an order invalidating Ashton-Tate's copyrights in its own dBASE products. That ruling was based on a legal doctr... |
75 | Can the blue-footed booby fly? | Blue-footed booby
The blue-footed booby is a specialized fish eater, feeding on small schooling fish such as sardines, anchovies, mackerel, and flying fish. It will also take squid and offal. The blue-footed booby hunts by diving into the ocean after prey, sometimes from a great height, and can also swim underwater in ... | Seabird breeding behavior
Boobies are another group of seabirds known for their mating displays. Brown ("Sula leucogaster"), red-footed ("S. sula") and blue-footed boobies ("S. nebouxii") have at least nine described parts to their mating display. Sky pointing in boobies is similar to albatrosses; in the brown booby, s... |
76 | Where is Flanders? | Flanders
Flanders ( , , ) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history, and sometimes involving neighbouring countries. The demony... | Plain of Flanders
It is a feature of the Flanders Basin (fr: Bassin de Flandre), which is separated from the Parisian Basin by the Hills of Artois. |
77 | How was microglia discovered? | Microglia
Research has discovered dystrophic (defective development) human microglia. "These cells are characterized by abnormalities in their cytoplasmic structure, such as deramified, atrophic, fragmented or unusually tortuous processes, frequently bearing spheroidal or bulbous swellings." The incidence of dystrophic... | Micromygale
Micromygale is a genus of spiders in the family Microstigmatidae containing the sole species Micromygale diblemma. The species was described in 1982 by Platnick and Forster and is found in Panama. |
78 | Where are the Knights Templar headquartered? | Knights Templar in England
An inventory by Geoffrey Fitz Stephen reveals that by 1185, the Order of the Knights Templar had extensive holdings in London, Hertfordshire, Essex, Kent, Warwickshire, Worcestershire, Salop, Oxfordshire, Cornwall, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. The involvement of Templars in financial matters i... | Knights Templar in England
King Edward I (1239–1307) had accorded the Knights Templar a slighter role in public affairs, financial issues often being handled by Italian merchants and diplomacy by mendicant orders. Indeed, Edward I raided the treasury in 1283. |
79 | Is higher education free in British Columbia? | Higher education in British Columbia
In the report, "Campus 2020: Thinking Ahead", the creation of a Higher Education Price Index is recommended to reflect education costs so that each institution can set its own tuition levels independently, but subject to the limits imposed by the provincial government. Regarding the... | Students' union
Different provinces have different rules governing student unions. In British Columbia under section 27.1 of the University Act, student unions may only raise or rescind mandatory student union fees through a democratic referendum of the membership. Once fees are passed through this mechanism, the board... |
80 | Was Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar born a prince? | Klemens von Metternich
Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar, Prince von Metternich-Winneburg zu Beilstein, KOGF (; 15 May 1773 – 11 June 1859) was an Austrian diplomat who was at the center of European affairs for four decades as the Austrian Empire's foreign minister from 1809 and Chancellor from 1821 until the liberal Revol... | Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony
With the outbreak of the French Revolution at the end of the 18th Century, Clemens Wenceslaus became worried. He ceased all reforms and began to rule strictly. He offered refuge to members of the French royal family (King Louis XVI was his nephew), and allowed Coblenz to become a centre of ... |
81 | Is Death in Discworld? | Death (Discworld)
Death is a fictional character in Terry Pratchett's "Discworld" series and a parody of several other personifications of death. Like most Grim Reapers, he is a black-robed skeleton usually carrying a scythe. His jurisdiction is specifically the Discworld itself; he is only a part, or minion, of Azrael... | Death (Discworld)
He was first seen in "Soul Music", and since then has made appearances in all novels involving Susan Sto Helit. Neil Pearson voices him in the Sky One adaptation of "Hogfather". |
82 | When were the first Olympic Games? | Stamata Revithi
The 1896 Olympic Games were the first held in the Modern era and the most important international multi-sport event Greece had ever hosted. The rules of the Games generally excluded women from competition. Influenced by both his times—in the Victorian era women were considered to be inferior to men—and ... | Paralympic Games
The first organized athletic day for disabled athletes that coincided with the Olympic Games took place on the day of the opening of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. Jewish-German born Dr. Ludwig Guttmann of Stoke Mandeville Hospital, who had been helped to flee Nazi Germany by the C... |
83 | What is the population of Afghanistan? | Demographics of Afghanistan
As of 2016, the total population of Afghanistan is around 33,332,025, which includes the 3 million Afghan nationals living in both Pakistan and Iran. Afghanistan's Central Statistics Organization (CSO) stated in 2011 that the total number of Afghans living inside Afghanistan was about 26 mil... | Economy of Afghanistan
Despite holding over $1 trillion in proven untapped mineral deposits, Afghanistan remains one of the least developed countries on the planet. About 35% of its population is unemployed or lives below the poverty line. Many of the unemployed men join the foreign-funded militant groups or the world ... |
84 | When was Athletic Bilbao established? | History of Athletic Bilbao
Meanwhile, sons of the Basque educated classes had made the opposite journey and went to Britain to complete their studies in civil engineering and commerce. While in the United Kingdom, these students developed an interest in football and on their return to Bilbao they began to arrange games... | Football in Spain
In the Basque Country during the early 1890s, British shipyard workers and miners formed the Bilbao Football Club and Basque students returning from Britain founded the Athletic Club in 1898. This early British influence was reflected in the use of English names such as "Recreation Club", "Athletic Cl... |
85 | When did Susan B. Anthony live? | Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony died at the age of 86 of heart failure and pneumonia in her home in Rochester, New York, on March 13, 1906. She was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester. At her birthday celebration in Washington D.C. a few days earlier, Anthony had spoken of those who had worked with her for women... | Susannah Mushatt Jones
Susannah Mushatt Jones (July 6, 1899 – May 12, 2016) was an African American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116 years and 311 days, the world's oldest living person and the last living American born in the 19th century. She received tributes from the United States House of Representative... |
86 | When was Southern Illinois University Edwardsville founded? | Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, (commonly abbreviated as SIUE), is a coeducational, public doctoral/professional university in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States about northeast of St. Louis, Missouri. SIUE was established in 1957 as an extension of Southern Illin... | SIUE School of Engineering
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville School of Engineering is an academic unit of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States. The school enrolls more than 1,450 undergraduates and over 250 graduate students. |
87 | Where were the Moors from? | African-American heritage of presidents of the United States
Calvin Coolidge's mother Victoria Moor was claimed to be of a mixed-race family in Vermont. Vaughn noted that her surname was derived from "Moor", a European term for people of North Africa. He did not note that another meaning of her surname is the landscape... | Moro people
The word "Moro" itself was a exonym which had been used before in the 16th century by Spanish colonisers in reference to a Muslim group of "Moors", which originating from "Mauru", a Latin word that referred to the inhabitants of the ancient Roman province of Mauritania in northwest Africa, which today compr... |
88 | Where is the Rhineland? | Viking raids in the Rhineland
The area known today as the Rhineland begins at the confluence of the Moselle and the Rhine and ends at Emmerich, where the Rhine divides into the Lek and the Waal to form a delta. In the east, the Rhineland ends close to the Rhine itself, being bounded by low mountain ranges such as the S... | Rhineland
To the west the area stretches to the borders with Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands; on the eastern side it encompasses the towns and cities along the river and the Bergisches Land area up to the Westphalian (Siegerland) and Hessian regions. Stretching down to the North Palatine Uplands in the south, t... |
89 | How provinces are there in China? | Provinces of China
The Republic of China, established in 1912, set up four more provinces in Inner Mongolia and two provinces in historic Tibet, bringing the total to 28. In 1931, Ma Zhongying established Hexi in the northern parts of Gansu but the ROC never acknowledged the province. However, China lost four provinces... | List of Chinese administrative divisions by ethnic group
The list below outlines the distribution of the nationalities of China among provinces and province-level entities of the People's Republic of China (P.R.C.) according to the census of 2000. The provinces and province-level entities are listed by region. The clas... |
90 | What is the population of Bathurst? | Bathurst, New South Wales
Bathurst is a regional city in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It is about north-west of Sydney and is the seat of the Bathurst Regional Council. Bathurst is the oldest inland settlement in Australia and had a population of approximately 35,000 as at the 2016 Census. | Bathurst railway station, New South Wales
Bathurst was developed into a major railway centre with a locomotive depot established to the north of the station in the 1879 with accommodation for eight locomotives. By 1917, Bathurst depot had a locomotive allocation of 72. As well as working on the Main Western and Blayney... |
91 | What does Zabbaleen refer to? | Zabbaleen
The Zabbaleen ( ', ) is a word which literally means "garbage people" in Egyptian Arabic. The contemporary use of the word in Egyptian Arabic is to mean "garbage collectors". In cultural contexts, the word refers to teenagers and adults who have served as Cairo's informal garbage collectors since approximatel... | Zameen
Zameen may refer to: |
92 | How long did it take Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel? | Italian Renaissance painting
In 1508 Pope Julius II succeeded in getting the Florentine sculptor Michelangelo (1475-1564) to agree to continue the decorative scheme of the Sistine Chapel. The Sistine Chapel ceiling was constructed in such a way that there were twelve sloping pendentives supporting the vault that formed... | Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni or more commonly known by his first name Michelangelo (; ; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet of the High Renaissance born in the Republic of Florence, who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of W... |
93 | Is there treatment for phytophthora ramorum? | Phytophthora ramorum
Trials of silvicultural methods for treating "P. ramorum" began in Humboldt County in northwest coastal California in 2006. The trials have taken place on a variety of infested properties both private and public and have generally focused on varying levels and kinds of host removal. The largest () ... | Rhododendron album
Pseudomonas cichorii
In 1995, the bacteria "Pseudomonas cichorii" was discovered on container-grown rhododendrons in a nursery in Georgia, USA. The spots were at first very small, one to five millimeters in diameter, but soon grew into large, reddish brown blotches. (Uddin & McCarter, 1996).
Phytopht... |
94 | What was the magnitude of the last earthquake to hit the East Coast? | 2011 Virginia earthquake
The USGS found that the farthest landslide from the 2011 Virginia earthquake was from the epicenter. This is by far the greatest landslide distance recorded from any other earthquake of similar magnitude. Previous studies of worldwide earthquakes indicated that landslides occurred no farther th... | 2009–19 Oklahoma earthquake swarms
Two of the most significant earthquakes in these swarms were the November 5, 2011 Prague earthquake east of the Oklahoma City area and the September 3, 2016 earthquake near Pawnee, north of Prague. The 2011 Prague earthquake, at reported magnitude 5.6, was at the time the strongest re... |
95 | When did South Korea become a republic? | South Korea–United States relations
Following Japanese surrender at the end of the Second World War, the Allied Powers divided the Korean peninsula along the 38th Parallel with two occupation zones with the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the north that would later become North Korea. On August 15, ... | Day of the Foundation of the Republic (North Korea)
Following the Liberation of Korea in 1945 by the Soviet and American forces, a communist Soviet military regime was set up in the northern part of Korea. A new Supreme People's Assembly was elected in August 1948, and on 3 September a new constitution was promulgated.... |
96 | Did Lou Lombardo have a wife? | Lou Lombardo (filmmaker)
Lombardo and his wife, Lynn, had two daughters and a son, Tony Lombardo, who also became a film editor. In addition to his son, Lombardo mentored Dennis M. Hill and Paul Rubell in the early stages of their careers. Lombardo was interviewed about his career by Vincent LoBrutto in 1991. In that s... | A. B. Barber
Barber married Lucy Clementine Lombardi on 20 August 1908, a marriage that lasted 53 years. They had three sons and a daughter who reached adult years. One of his sons, Cesar Lombardi Barber, married Elizabeth Duncan Putnam, the daughter of George R. Putnam, Commissioner of Lighthouses. |
97 | How old do you need to be to drink in New Zealand? | New Zealand Young Nationals
The Young Nationals, in conjunction with other New Zealand political party youth wings, support the current purchase age for alcohol of 18 years. They argue that the two biggest problems with the current law are the lack of emphasis on individual responsibility, and the ineffective attempts ... | Ann Bressington
On 30 August 2006, Bressington discussed the possibility of introducing a bill to raise the legal drinking age in South Australia from 18 to 21. That bill has not been introduced. |
98 | What does a hakka symbolize? | Hakka Americans
Hakka Americans (客家美國人 or 客裔美國人), also called American Hakka, are Han people in the United States of Hakka origin, mostly from present-day Guangdong and Fujian, China, and Taiwan. Many Hakka Americans have connections to Hakka diaspora in Jamaica, the Caribbean, South East Asia, Latin America, and South... | Haka performed by non-New Zealand sports teams
Mahuika had recently lost his father, Over a thousand mourners attended his funeral, including Curtis Brown, the Cougars' star running back, to honor the fallen chief. Kyle and Bryce Mahuika, his sons, led them in a haka at the gravesite prior to lowering the casket into t... |
99 | How many seasons does Breaking Bad have? | List of Breaking Bad episodes
Over the course of its broadcast, "Breaking Bad" aired 62 episodes over five seasons. The pilot episode was first aired on January 20, 2008, and the series finale was broadcast on September 29, 2013.
"Breaking Bad: Original Minisodes" is a web series based on the television series "Breakin... | Breaking Bad (season 2)
The original score for "Breaking Bad" was composed by Dave Porter. The show also uses music from other recording artists with music supervision by Thomas Golubić. Selected songs from Season 2 are featured on the "Breaking Bad Soundtrack" available through iTunes and Amazon. |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
MIRACL Triplets in 51 Languages
Dataset Summary
MIRACL Triplets in 51 Languages is a multilingual retrieval and reranking dataset for training dense retrieval, sentence embedding, reranker, and cross-lingual search models. It contains (query, positive, negative) triplets derived from the English training split of miracl/miracl.
The dataset provides 51 language subsets: the original English data and translations into 50 languages. Each subset contains 2,863 aligned training examples. Rows with the same id represent translations of the same source triplet. The aligned (query, positive, negative) structure supports multilingual retrieval, multilingual reranking, contrastive learning, and hard-negative training.
- Format: Parquet
- Subsets: 51 language codes, including
en,ko,ja,zh,de, andfr - Split:
train - Rows per subset: 2,863
- Total rows across subsets: 146,013
Data Structure
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
id |
int64 |
Alignment identifier shared across language subsets |
query |
string |
Search query |
positive |
string |
Passage relevant to the query |
negative |
string |
Passage not relevant to the query |
Data Instances
Example from the English subset:
{
"id": 232,
"query": "What is Nigers anthem?",
"positive": "La Nigérienne\n\"La Nigérienne\" is the national anthem of Niger. The lyrics are by Maurice Albert Thiriet. Robert Jacquet and Nicolas Abel François Frionnet wrote the music. It was adopted as Niger's anthem in 1961.",
"negative": "Nigeria, We Hail Thee\nThe second national anthem, \"Arise, O Compatriots,\" replaced \"Nigeria, We Hail Thee\" in 1978."
}
How to Use
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load one language subset. Replace "ko" with any supported language code.
dataset = load_dataset("nlpai-lab/miracl-multilingual-triplets", "ko", split="train")
print(dataset.features)
print(dataset[0])
The default subset is English (en).
Source and Translation
- Source dataset:
miracl/miracl - Source configuration:
en - Source split:
train - Translation model:
google/translategemma-27b-it
The model's original translation prompt template was used without modification or additional instructions. The query, positive, and negative fields were translated independently while preserving their triplet relationship and cross-language id alignment.
Languages
| Code | Language | Code | Language |
|---|---|---|---|
| ar | Arabic | bg | Bulgarian |
| bn | Bengali | ca | Catalan |
| cs | Czech | da | Danish |
| de | German | el | Greek |
| en | English (source) | es | Spanish |
| et | Estonian | fa | Persian |
| fi | Finnish | fil-PH | Filipino |
| fr | French | gu | Gujarati |
| he | Hebrew | hi | Hindi |
| hr | Croatian | hu | Hungarian |
| id | Indonesian | is | Icelandic |
| it | Italian | ja | Japanese |
| kn | Kannada | ko | Korean |
| lt | Lithuanian | lv | Latvian |
| ml | Malayalam | mr | Marathi |
| nl | Dutch | no | Norwegian |
| pa | Punjabi | pl | Polish |
| pt | Portuguese | ro | Romanian |
| ru | Russian | sk | Slovak |
| sl | Slovenian | sr | Serbian |
| sv | Swedish | sw | Swahili |
| ta | Tamil | te | Telugu |
| th | Thai | tr | Turkish |
| uk | Ukrainian | ur | Urdu |
| vi | Vietnamese | zh | Chinese |
| zu | Zulu |
License
The source MIRACL dataset is released under the Apache License 2.0. This derived dataset is also released under Apache-2.0.
- Downloads last month
- -